[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2008011206A1 - Systèmes et procédés pour la production carbothermique de l'aluminium - Google Patents

Systèmes et procédés pour la production carbothermique de l'aluminium Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008011206A1
WO2008011206A1 PCT/US2007/067204 US2007067204W WO2008011206A1 WO 2008011206 A1 WO2008011206 A1 WO 2008011206A1 US 2007067204 W US2007067204 W US 2007067204W WO 2008011206 A1 WO2008011206 A1 WO 2008011206A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reactor
proximal
aluminum
molten liquid
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2007/067204
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Roy A. Christini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Elkem ASA
Alcoa Corp
Original Assignee
Elkem ASA
Alcoa Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elkem ASA, Alcoa Corp filed Critical Elkem ASA
Publication of WO2008011206A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008011206A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/02—Obtaining aluminium with reducing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
    • C22B4/02—Light metals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to systems and methods for carbothermically producing aluminum, specifically using increased pressure.
  • This reaction (1) takes place, or can be made to take place, in two steps:
  • Reaction (2) takes place at temperatures below 2000 0 C and generally between 1900 0 C and 2000 0 C.
  • Reaction (3) takes place at appreciably higher temperatures (e.g., above 2060 0 C).
  • volatile species including gaseous Al and gaseous aluminum suboxide, that is Al 2 O, may be formed, such as via one or more the following reactions:
  • Page l of 14 its entirety discloses that increased vapor pressures may be used to suppress the aluminum vapor forming reactions. Cochran does not disclose methods of suppressing vapor reactions outside of this scope.
  • a broad objective of the present invention is to provide systems and methods for carbothermically producing aluminum with restricted loss of aluminum to vapor off-gas.
  • the present inventor has recognized that a sufficiently deep reactor may be used, wherein the hydrostatic pressure due to the depth of the molten liquid within the reactor acts to suppress the aluminum vapor producing reactions.
  • the present inventors have further recognized that such a deep reactor facilitates the use of a plurality of horizontally and/or vertically spaced heating electrodes, thereby enabling different heating rates within the reactor.
  • a system for carbothermically producing aluminum comprising a reactor having a bottom, sidewalls and a top defining a reaction chamber, a plurality of heating electrodes extending from the sidewalls, and a vapor recovery unit fluidly interconnected to the reaction chamber.
  • the sidewalls of the reactor are of a sufficient height such that when the reactor is operated and contains molten liquid, the total pressure within the reaction chamber, as measured proximal the bottom of the reactor, is at least about 1.50 atm.
  • the hydrostatic pressure due to the molten liquid should be at least 0.5 atm, such as at least about 0.75 atm or even at least about 1 atm, thereby producing total pressures within the reaction chamber of at least 1.5 atm, such at least about 1.75 atm, or even at least about 2 atm, as measured proximal the bottom of the reactor.
  • These increased pressures suppress aluminum vapor forming reactions, thereby increasing aluminum production efficiency.
  • the deep reactor facilitates the use of a plurality of horizontally and/or vertically spaced heating electrodes.
  • the reactor comprises a plurality of horizontally and vertically spaced heating electrodes.
  • a first set of heating electrodes may be disposed above a second set of electrodes, wherein the first set of electrodes may be operable to heat the molten liquid at a first heating rate and the second set of electrodes may be operable to heat the molten liquid at a second heating rate.
  • the first set of electrodes may be operable to heat the molten liquid to temperatures that facilitate the reduction of aluminum oxide to aluminum carbide material (e.g., temperatures of from about 1900 0 C to temperature of about 2000 0 C), and the second set of electrode may be operable to heat the molten liquid to temperatures that facilitate the reduction of aluminum carbide to aluminum metal (e.g., temperatures of at least about 2060 0 C).
  • the deep reactor restricted aluminum vapor production may be witnessed with the deeply submersed heating electrodes.
  • the inventive carbothermic aluminum production system may also include other components.
  • a submerged or submergeable feed tube may be utilized to supply feed materials proximal the bottom of the reactor. Supplying feed materials proximal the bottom of the reactor further restricts the aluminum vapor forming reactions as such feed materials will be subjected to increased hydrostatic pressure upon entry to the reactor.
  • the feed tube may be substantially horizontally oriented and fixedly interconnected to a sidewall of the reactor for feeding of the feed materials.
  • the feed tube may extend through a sidewall of the reactor via a port located proximal the bottom of the reactor.
  • the feed tube may be substantially vertically oriented and adapted for vertical movement. In this approach, the feed tube may extend through the top of the reactor and toward a bottom portion of the reactor.
  • the inventive carbothermic aluminum production system may include a deep baffle system to facilitate suppressed vapor reactions.
  • the reactor may be a multi-zone reactor, such as described in U.S. Patent No. 6,440,193 to Johansen et al. and U.S. Patent No. 6,805,723 to Aune et al., each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • a baffle separating one zone from another may extend from the top of the reactor toward the bottom of the reactor, terminating at a distal end proximal the bottom of the reactor.
  • a plurality of the above-noted heating electrodes may be located proximal the distal end of the baffle such that molten liquid flowing from one zone to another may be immediately subjected to a different heating rate to facilitate the production of aluminum in the increased pressure regions of the reactor.
  • Figure Ia is a schematic side-view of one embodiment of a carbothermic aluminum production system of the present invention.
  • Figure Ib is a schematic side-view of the carbothermic production system of Figure Ia with the vertical electrodes in a retracted position.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic side-view of one embodiment of a carbothermic aluminum production system of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a graph illustrating the effect of increased hydrostatic pressure relative to aluminum production.
  • Figure 4 is a graph illustrating the effect of increased hydrostatic pressure relative to gas component concentration.
  • Figure 1 illustrates one carbothermic production system useful in accordance with the present invention.
  • the system 1 includes a batch reactor 10 having a bottom 12, a top 14 and sidewalls 16 defining a reaction chamber 18.
  • the system 1 includes a plurality of substantially horizontal heating electrodes 20 and may include one or more substantially vertical heating electrodes 22.
  • the system also includes a vapor recovery unit 30 for recovering off-gases produced in the reactor 10.
  • the system 1 may include feed tube 40.
  • the depth of the reactor 10 is such that when the reactor 10 is operated, the molten liquid (e.g., molten Al 2 O 3 , Al 4 C 3 and mixtures thereof) creates a significant hydrostatic pressure within the reactor as measured proximal the bottom 12 of the reactor. More particularly, the reactor 10 has a depth D such that when the reactor 10 contains molten liquid 60, the hydrostatic pressure created by the molten liquid is at least about 0.5 atm, such as at least about 0.75 atm, or even at least about 1.0 atm. Thus, the total pressure at the bottom of the reactor (hydrostatic pressure + atmospheric pressure) is at least about 1.5 atm, such as at least about 1.75 atm, or even at least about 2 atm. These increased pressures decrease the thermodynamic favorability of the vapor forming reactions, thereby restricting vapor formation with increased aluminum production.
  • the molten liquid e.g., molten Al 2 O 3 , Al 4 C 3 and mixtures thereof
  • the reactor 10 has a depth D such that when the
  • the depth D of the reactor 10 is dependent on the approximate density of the molten liquid within the reactor.
  • the slag produced during carbothermic aluminum production processes generally has a density of about 3.5 g/cm 3 .
  • the reactor should have a depth of at least about 1.48 meters.
  • the reactor 10 should have a depth of at least about 2.2 meters.
  • the reactor 10 should have a depth of at least about 2.95 meters.
  • the system 1 generally includes a vapor recovery unit 30 to recover aluminum in the gases.
  • the load on the vapor recovery unit 30 may be substantially decreased, thereby increasing the efficiency of carbothermic aluminum production processes.
  • Suitable vapor recover units are described in, for instance, U.S. Patent No. 6,530,970 to Lindstad, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the reactor 10 includes a plurality of substantially horizontal heating electrodes 20.
  • the electrodes 20 may be spaced from one another in a vertical and/or a horizontal direction.
  • the heating electrodes 20 may be consumable graphite electrodes or non- consumable inert electrodes.
  • Each of the electrodes 20 is individually supplied with electric current.
  • a selective temperature profile may be achieved within the reaction chamber. Due to the depth of the reactor 10, the heating electrodes 20 may be spaced at various depths within the reactor 10 to facilitate selective heating of molten liquid.
  • a first set of heating electrodes 20a may be disposed above a second set of electrodes 20b, wherein the first set of electrodes 20a may be operable to heat the molten liquid at a first heating rate and the second set of electrodes may be operable to heat the molten liquid at a second heating rate.
  • the first set of electrodes 20a may be operable to heat the molten liquid to temperatures that facilitate the reduction of aluminum oxide to aluminum carbide (e.g., temperatures of from about 1900 0 C to temperature of about 2000 0 C)
  • the second set of electrodes 20b may be operable to heat the molten liquid to temperatures that facilitate the reduction of aluminum carbide to aluminum metal (e.g., temperatures of at least about 2060 0 C).
  • a selective temperature gradient may be achieved within the reactor and molten liquid, thereby increasing the efficiency of carbothermic processes.
  • higher heating rates may be achieved proximal the bottom 12 of the reactor 10, where the hydrostatic pressure is high, thereby suppressing aluminum vapor producing reactions that may accompany the reduction of aluminum carbide to aluminum.
  • Any number of heating electrodes 20 may be used to achieve the desired heating rates and heating gradients.
  • the system 1 may include a feed tube 40 for feeding supply materials to the reactor 10 (e.g., aluminum oxide and pet coke or aluminum carbide containing feed materials).
  • the feed tube 40 may be fixedly positioned relative to a depth of the reactor, or the feed tube 40 may be selectively positionable to facilitate feeding of supply materials at a desired depth.
  • the feed tube 40 is positioned or positionable such that its outlet is proximal the bottom of the reactor to further restrict the aluminum vapor forming reactions as such feed materials will be subjected to increased pressure upon entry to the reactor 10.
  • the feed tube 40 is substantially vertically oriented and adapted for vertical movement. In this embodiment, the feed tube 40 extends through the top of the reactor 10 toward the bottom 12 of the reactor 10.
  • a motor or other mechanical means may be utilized to raise or lower the feed tube as necessary to facilitate feeding of the feed material at a desired vertical location within the reaction chamber 18. It is preferred that the feed tube 40 forms a seal with the top 14 so that off-gases do not escape at the interface between the top 14 and the feed tube 40.
  • the feed tube may be substantially horizontally oriented and fixedly interconnected to a sidewall of the reactor for feeding of the feed materials.
  • the sidewall may include a port for receiving the feed tube and the feed tube outlet may extend therethrough.
  • the outlet of the feed tube may terminate proximal the bottom of the reactor.
  • the port within the sidewall should be located just above the bottom of the reactor.
  • the system 1 may include one or more vertically oriented electrodes 22 extending through the top 14 of the reactor 10.
  • the electrodes 22 are generally used in addition to the plurality of horizontally disposed electrodes 20.
  • the electrodes 22 may be consumable graphite electrodes or inert electrodes (e.g., see U.S. Patent No. 6,818,106, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
  • the electrodes 22 pass through the bath and are submerged in the molten liquid to supply energy by resistance heating.
  • the electrodes 22 are submerged in the reactor to assist in the heating the molten liquid 60 to reduce alumina to aluminum carbide.
  • the electrodes 22 have been removed during the aluminum metal production step.
  • the horizontal electrodes 20 are generally used to heat the molten liquid 60 to produce an aluminum-containing liquid 62. This process is described in more detail in, for instance, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0042413, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the reactor 10 may include a top 14.
  • the top 14 is generally utilized to cover the reactor so as to restrict heat and vapor loss. As may be appreciated, the use of the top 14 will also facilitate a slightly increased vapor pressures within the reactor 10, thereby assisting in suppressing the aluminum vapor producing reactions.
  • FIG. 2 Another carbothermic production system useful in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in Figure 2.
  • the system 100 includes many of the components of the above system 1 of Figure 1, but uses a different reactor 110.
  • the reactor 110 has a top 114, bottom 112, and sidewalls 116, and further includes a baffle 117 that separates the reactor 110 into first and second zones 113, 115.
  • the reactor 110 may be operated as a continuous flow reactor, such as described in U.S. Patent No. 6,440,193 to Johansen et al, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the continuous flow reactor 110 has a depth D that facilitates the creation of a hydrostatic pressure of at least about 0.5 atm as measured proximal the bottom 112 of the reactor 110.
  • the system 100 may also include the plurality of horizontally disposed electrodes 22, which, again, may be horizontally and/or vertically spaced from one another.
  • the baffle 117 separates the first zone 113 from the second zone 115 and defines a passageway P for passage of the molten liquid between the two zones.
  • the baffle 117 may be fixedly positioned relative to the reactor, or the baffle 117 may be moveable so as to facilitate selection of a suitable passageway P height.
  • the baffle 117 may be positioned such that its terminal end T terminates proximal the bottom 112 of the reactor 110.
  • One or more of the horizontally disposed electrodes 22 may be located proximal the second zone 115 side of the passageway P, thus facilitating the reduction of aluminum carbide to aluminum at increased pressures.
  • the system 100 may also include the feed tube 40, which, may be fixedly positioned or positionable such that its outlet is proximal the bottom 112 of the reactor 110.
  • the feed tube 40 may be utilized on either side of the baffle 117.
  • the feed tube 40 is utilized in the first zone 113 of the reactor 110, as illustrated.
  • the feed material comprises aluminum carbide, such as aluminum carbide recovered from the vapor unit 30, the feed tube 40 would be utilized in the second zone 115 of the reactor 110 (not illustrated).
  • the feed tube 40 and baffle 117 may be integrated as a unitary structure wherein a single device is utilized to serve as both a baffle and a feed tube.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des systèmes et des procédés associés pour la production carbothermique de l'aluminium, les systèmes comprenant d'une manière générale un réacteur ayant une profondeur telle que, lorsque le réacteur contient du liquide fondu, la pression hydrostatique du liquide fondu n'est pas supérieure à environ 0,5 atm telle que mesurée à proximité du fond du réacteur. Plusieurs électrodes disposées horizontalement, qui peuvent être décalées les unes des autres dans une direction verticale et/ou horizontale, peuvent également être utilisées conformément au système pour fournir des gradients de chauffage sélectifs à l'intérieur du liquide fondu.
PCT/US2007/067204 2006-07-20 2007-04-23 Systèmes et procédés pour la production carbothermique de l'aluminium Ceased WO2008011206A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/458,944 2006-07-20
US11/458,944 US20080016984A1 (en) 2006-07-20 2006-07-20 Systems and methods for carbothermically producing aluminum

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008011206A1 true WO2008011206A1 (fr) 2008-01-24

Family

ID=38458035

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2007/067204 Ceased WO2008011206A1 (fr) 2006-07-20 2007-04-23 Systèmes et procédés pour la production carbothermique de l'aluminium

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US20080016984A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008011206A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7704443B2 (en) * 2007-12-04 2010-04-27 Alcoa, Inc. Carbothermic aluminum production apparatus, systems and methods
US8728385B2 (en) * 2008-09-16 2014-05-20 Alcoa Inc. Sidewall and bottom electrode arrangement for electrical smelting reactors and method for feeding such electrodes
US9068246B2 (en) * 2008-12-15 2015-06-30 Alcon Inc. Decarbonization process for carbothermically produced aluminum
GB2528894B (en) * 2014-08-01 2017-05-10 Eisergy Ltd Power factor correction stages in power conversion
WO2016141376A1 (fr) * 2015-03-05 2016-09-09 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Systèmes, procédés et appareils pour cellules photovoltaïques à concentration

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2152440A1 (en) * 1971-09-15 1973-04-27 Reynolds Metals Co Carbothermic prodn of aluminium
US4299619A (en) * 1980-02-28 1981-11-10 Aluminum Company Of America Energy efficient production of aluminum by carbothermic reduction of alumina
US4409021A (en) * 1982-05-06 1983-10-11 Reynolds Metals Company Slag decarbonization with a phase inversion
US4533386A (en) * 1984-03-27 1985-08-06 Process Development Associates, Inc. Process for producing aluminum
US20060042413A1 (en) * 2004-09-01 2006-03-02 Fruehan Richard J Method using single furnace carbothermic reduction with temperature control within the furnace

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2974032A (en) * 1960-02-24 1961-03-07 Pechiney Reduction of alumina
US3971653A (en) * 1974-12-09 1976-07-27 Aluminum Company Of America Carbothermic production of aluminum
US4033757A (en) * 1975-09-05 1977-07-05 Reynolds Metals Company Carbothermic reduction process
GB1590431A (en) * 1976-05-28 1981-06-03 Alcan Res & Dev Process for the production of aluminium
US4388107A (en) * 1979-01-31 1983-06-14 Reynolds Metals Company Minimum-energy process for carbothermic reduction of alumina
US4334917A (en) * 1980-04-16 1982-06-15 Reynolds Metals Company Carbothermic reduction furnace
GB2048310A (en) * 1979-04-10 1980-12-10 Alcan Res & Dev Carbothermic production of aluminium
US6440193B1 (en) * 2001-05-21 2002-08-27 Alcoa Inc. Method and reactor for production of aluminum by carbothermic reduction of alumina
US6530970B2 (en) * 2001-05-21 2003-03-11 Alcoa Inc. Method for recovering aluminum vapor and aluminum suboxide from off-gases during production of aluminum by carbothermic reduction of alumina
US6818106B2 (en) * 2002-01-25 2004-11-16 Alcoa Inc. Inert anode assembly
US6805723B2 (en) * 2003-03-06 2004-10-19 Alcoa Inc. Method and reactor for production of aluminum by carbothermic reduction of alumina
US6980580B2 (en) * 2003-08-23 2005-12-27 Alcoa Inc. Electrode arrangement as substitute bottom for an electrothermic slag smelting furnace

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2152440A1 (en) * 1971-09-15 1973-04-27 Reynolds Metals Co Carbothermic prodn of aluminium
US4299619A (en) * 1980-02-28 1981-11-10 Aluminum Company Of America Energy efficient production of aluminum by carbothermic reduction of alumina
US4409021A (en) * 1982-05-06 1983-10-11 Reynolds Metals Company Slag decarbonization with a phase inversion
US4533386A (en) * 1984-03-27 1985-08-06 Process Development Associates, Inc. Process for producing aluminum
US20060042413A1 (en) * 2004-09-01 2006-03-02 Fruehan Richard J Method using single furnace carbothermic reduction with temperature control within the furnace

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JOHANSEN K ET AL: "CARBOTHERMIC ALUMINUM ALCOA AND ELKEM'S NEW APROACH BASED ON REACTOR TECHNOLOGY TO MEET PROCESS REQUIREMENTS", INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOLTEN SLAGS AND FLUXEN, 12 June 2000 (2000-06-12), pages 1 - 12, XP001077065 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20080016984A1 (en) 2008-01-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6440193B1 (en) Method and reactor for production of aluminum by carbothermic reduction of alumina
WO2008011206A1 (fr) Systèmes et procédés pour la production carbothermique de l'aluminium
JP4299335B2 (ja) アルミナの炭素熱還元によるアルミニウムの製造方法及び反応装置
CA2664818A1 (fr) Procede et appareil de production continue de titane metallique et d'alliages a base de titane
US20100064850A1 (en) Carbothermic processes
JP2004052003A (ja) ニオブ粉末またはタンタル粉末の製造方法および製造装置
EP2471961B1 (fr) Appareil et procédé de production carbothermique d'aluminium
EP2121995B1 (fr) Production d'aluminium à faible teneur en carbone par réduction carbothermique au moyen d'un four unique incluant traitement et recyclage des rejets gazeux du four
AU2005204061B2 (en) Exothermic pressure leach autoclave circuits
JP2689520B2 (ja) 金属チタンの製造方法
AU2005279732A1 (en) Method using single furnace carbothermic reduction with temperature control within the furnace
CN101233081B (zh) 碳热法
EP1942210A1 (fr) PROCÉDÉ D ÉLECTROLYSE DE SEL FONDU, PILE ÉLECTROLYTIQUE, ET PROCÉDÉ DE PRODUCTION DE Ti À L AIDE DUDIT PROCÉDÉ
US20250271584A1 (en) Process and reactor for removing impurities from carbon material
EP1944383A1 (fr) Procédé de production de titane et appareil correspondant
CA1098716A (fr) Traduction non-disponible
TW200906721A (en) Process and equipment for reacting silicon tetrachloride with zinc to produce pure silicon and zinc chloride
AU2006274499B2 (en) Carbothermic processes
AU2004219692B2 (en) Method and reactor for production of aluminum by carbothermic reduction of alumina
Anderson et al. Carbothermic method for converting a reactive metal oxide to metal or nitride form in a specific molten metal solvent

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
DPE2 Request for preliminary examination filed before expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 07761110

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: RU

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 07761110

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1