WO2008009868A2 - Procedes et outils pour la therapie de pathologies neurodegeneratives - Google Patents
Procedes et outils pour la therapie de pathologies neurodegeneratives Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008009868A2 WO2008009868A2 PCT/FR2007/051706 FR2007051706W WO2008009868A2 WO 2008009868 A2 WO2008009868 A2 WO 2008009868A2 FR 2007051706 W FR2007051706 W FR 2007051706W WO 2008009868 A2 WO2008009868 A2 WO 2008009868A2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
- G01N33/6896—Neurological disorders, e.g. Alzheimer's disease
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/5306—Improving reaction conditions, e.g. reduction of non-specific binding, promotion of specific binding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/94—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving narcotics or drugs or pharmaceuticals, neurotransmitters or associated receptors
- G01N33/9406—Neurotransmitters
- G01N33/9426—GABA, i.e. gamma-amino-butyrate
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/28—Neurological disorders
- G01N2800/2814—Dementia; Cognitive disorders
- G01N2800/2821—Alzheimer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/52—Predicting or monitoring the response to treatment, e.g. for selection of therapy based on assay results in personalised medicine; Prognosis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to compositions and methods for the treatment of neurodegenerative pathologies in which cognitive functions are impaired, as observed in Alzheimer's disease. More particularly, the invention presents a strategy for monitoring in human clinical the activity and / or the efficacy of neuroprotective treatments, based on the biochemical assay of certain platelet parameters, and therefore achievable from blood samples. The invention also relates to methods, tools, constructions and compositions adapted to the implementation of these strategies.
- Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia and the most common neurodegenerative disease. This progressive disease is characterized by memory loss and impaired language, orientation and judgment skills. Examination of the brains of patients with this disease reveals a loss of neurons from the hippocampus, an important center of memory, and the cerebral cortex, involved in reasoning, language and memory. Cholinergic neurons are particularly affected by this depletion.
- a major abnormality observed in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease is the accumulation of intracellular and extracellular aggregates of proteins.
- Other intracellular, fibrous neuro aggregates of tau protein appear to correlate well with the severity of dementia.
- the A ⁇ peptide is a fragment of 40/42 residues that is produced in the amyloidogenic pathway via sequential cleavage of the APP protein by two proteases called ⁇ -secretase (BACE) and ⁇ -secretase (presenilins).
- BACE ⁇ -secretase
- Presenilins ⁇ -secretase
- the sequence of the A ⁇ peptide is located at the junction between the intramembrane and extracellular domains of APP.
- APP is cleaved in the A ⁇ domain by an ⁇ -secretase between amino acids 16 (Lys) and 17 (Leu) of the A ⁇ region, generating the soluble APP part ⁇ (sAPP ⁇ , 105- 125 kDa, residues 1-688 of the APP770 form) released into the extracellular medium and a fragment retained at the membrane (containing part of the transmembrane domain and the intracellular C-terminal portion) called C83 (10 kDa), itself cleaved by the ⁇ -secretase to generate the APP IntraCellular Domain peptide (AICD) and the P3 peptide (3 kDa).
- AICD IntraCellular Domain peptide
- ⁇ -secretase thus prevents not only the formation of the amyloid peptide, but also stimulates the generation of the large N-terminal extracellular fragment (ectodomain) of APP.
- the N-terminal soluble fragments of APP generated by ⁇ -secretase, or sAPP ⁇ are constitutively released into the vesicular lumen and the surface of the cell.
- Such APP species are secreted, in vitro, into the culture medium conditioned by the cells expressing APP, and are found in vivo in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.
- G-protein coupled receptors such as P2Y2 nucleotide receptors, PACAP PAC1 receptor, or receptors of various neuro-receptors.
- transmitters such as muscarinic receptors, the metabotropic glutamate receptor or the serotonin receptors (ref iii for review).
- Neurotransmitter-stimulated pathways involve protein kinase C (PKC) and phospholipase C, as well as MAP kinases, well described in the literature as modulators of sAPP ⁇ production, such as the stimulation of PKC-dependent pathways by phorbol esters or with serotonin 5-HT2a and 2c receptor agonists.
- PKC protein kinase C
- MAP kinases well described in the literature as modulators of sAPP ⁇ production, such as the stimulation of PKC-dependent pathways by phorbol esters or with serotonin 5-HT2a and 2c receptor agonists.
- Other routes involve the serotonin 5-HT (4) receptor, known to play a role in cognition and memory, via the production of cAMP and the recruitment of GTPase Racl or inhibitors of acetylcholine acting via PKC and / or MAP-kinases, estrogens such as 17 ⁇ -estradiol or testosterone.
- PKA cAMP-protein kinase A
- a PKC / MAP -kinase pathway such as forskolin
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as inhibitors of cyclooxygenase COX (Ibuprofen), statins inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase (lovastatin), derivatives of rasagiline or polyphenols such as (-) - epigallocatechin-3-gallate.
- the present invention provides a rationale for the use of pharmacological agents such as pyrazolopyridine-containing chemicals, including etazolate, to stimulate the production of the sAPP ⁇ fragment.
- the present invention also describes the link between the increase in sAPPalpha production and the ability of etazolate to inhibit ROS ("Reactive Oxygen Species") effects, i.e., oxidative stress. .
- ROS reactive Oxygen Species
- This phenomenon of oxidative stress plays an essential role in several aspects of Alzheimer's disease: not only neuronal degeneration and astrocytic inflammation but also activation and platelet aggregation. These latter phenomena participate in the vascular complications of Alzheimer's disease and are at the origin of vascular dementia.
- the present invention makes it possible to propose, for the first time, the measurement of any biological phenomenon related to activation or platelet aggregation for clinical or therapeutic monitoring of the efficacy of neuroprotective compounds.
- the ability to generate Abeta and sAPPalpha peptides from APP is shared by the nervous system and platelets. Therefore, the inhibitory action of etazolate on oxidative stress resulting in increased production of sAPPalpha, the present invention provides a rational for tracking the action of etazolate on APP maturation from platelet samples or more generally blood samples.
- the present invention also claims the measurement of any biological phenomenon related to activation or platelet aggregation for clinical or therapeutic monitoring of the efficacy of any compound of the pyrazolopyridine family.
- this invention allows to claim the measurement of any modification of the maturation of APP in the blood, including the assay of sAPPalpha, from blood samples or platelet preparations to ensure the clinical and therapeutic follow-up of the efficiency of any compound of the pyrazolopyridine family.
- an object of the invention resides in a method for evaluating or monitoring the efficacy of a neuroprotective treatment in a mammal, comprising a step of measuring (preferably in vitro or ex vivo) the production of sAPPalpha in a sample of the mammal receiving said treatment, said sample containing platelets, the production of sAPPalpha being an indication of the efficacy of the treatment.
- Another object of the invention resides in a method for the immunological assay of sAPPalpha in a sample, comprising a step of heat treatment of the sample (to unmask sAPPalpha), and an immunoassay step.
- the method is suitable for assaying sAPPalpha from any sample, including blood or blood derived samples (serum, platelets, etc.), other biological fluids.
- the sample can be pre-treated, especially by dilution, enrichment, filtration, etc.
- neuroprotective treatment is understood to mean any treatment that can be used or used in the treatment of diseases affecting the nervous system, in particular neurodegenerative diseases.
- diseases affecting the nervous system in particular neurodegenerative diseases.
- a compound of the pyrazolopyridine family advantageously denotes any compound of the following formula (I), which may or may not be substituted, at any of the positions.
- the compounds of the pyrazolopyridine family used in the present invention are in particular chosen from the following compounds:
- the neuroprotective compound is chosen from etazolate, tracazolate or cartazolate, more preferably etazolate.
- the modulating agent of GABA can be any chemical compound, of natural or synthetic origin, in particular an organic or inorganic molecule, of plant, bacterial, viral, animal, eukaryotic, synthetic or semi-synthetic origin, capable of modulate the expression or activity of free radicals (ROS).
- ROS free radicals
- the compounds or treatments used in the context of the present invention can be formulated and administered in different ways.
- the administration can be carried out by any method known to those skilled in the art, preferably orally or by injection, systemic or local.
- the injection is typically performed intra-ocularly, intraperitoneally, intra-cerebrally, intravenously, intra-arterially, subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Oral or systemic administration is preferred.
- the doses administered may be adapted by those skilled in the art. Typically from about 0.01 mg to about 100 mg / kg are injected for compounds of a chemical nature. Particular unit dosages are for example 0.5 to 40 mg per administered dose. It is understood that repeated injections may be performed, optionally in combination with other active agents or any pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (eg, buffers, saline, isotonic, in the presence of stabilizing agents, etc.).
- any pharmaceutically acceptable carrier eg, buffers, saline, isotonic, in the presence of stabilizing agents, etc.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient may be selected from buffer solutes, solvents, binders, stabilizers, emulsifiers, and the like.
- Buffer or diluent solutes include calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, lactose, cellulose, kaolin, mannitol, sodium chloride, starch, powdered sugar and hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) (for delayed release).
- Binders are, for example, starch, gelatin and filling solutes such as sucrose, glucose, dextrose, lactose, etc. Natural or synthetic gums can also be used, such as alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, etc.
- excipients are, for example, cellulose and magnesium stearate.
- Stabilizers may be included in the formulations, such as for example polysaccharides (acacia, agar, alginic acid, guar gum and tragacanth, chitin or its derivatives and cellulose ethers).
- Solvents or solutes are, for example, Ringer's solution, water, distilled water, phosphate buffers, phosphated salt solutions, and other conventional fluids.
- the invention indeed shows that neuroprotective compounds are capable of inducing the production of sAPPalpha in platelets.
- the efficacy of the treatment can be evaluated and monitored by a sAPPalpha assay in any sample containing platelets.
- the biological sample is a sample of blood or blood derivative.
- blood sample is meant any sample of blood treated, for example by dilution, filtration, purification, etc., for example to enrich the sample in platelets, to eliminate other cell populations, inactivate potential pathogens, calibrate a dosage, etc.
- the above method is applicable to all mammals, preferably in humans, particularly those with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ALS, Huntigton's disease, etc.
- the specificity of the antibodies can then be confirmed by determining the antibody binding assays to the entire APP protein and / or to other peptides derived from the APP protein, such as the C83 fragment, the AICD peptide and the P3 peptide.
- antibodies capable of specifically binding sAPPalpha and incapable of specifically binding the C 83 fragment, the AICD peptide and the P3 peptide are used.
- the "specificity" of binding indicates that binding to sAPPalpha can be discriminated from eventual binding to other proteins or peptides.
- the method of measuring the production of sAPPalpha can involve an ELISA technique, RIA, the use of substrates coated with specific antibodies, magnetic beads, columns, several antibodies (capture antibodies and revealing antibodies), etc. In a preferred manner, an ELISA type test is used.
- measured sAPPalpha production is compared to a baseline or a measured value prior to treatment, or at an earlier stage of treatment, in said mammal.
- a baseline or a measured value prior to treatment or at an earlier stage of treatment, in said mammal.
- the inventors have developed an improved immunoassay method for sAPPalpha, applicable to any sample.
- the method relies in particular on a sample processing step, making it possible to unmask (and thus make available) specific epitopes of the sAPPalpha soluble fragment.
- the results presented by the inventors show that, without a suitable protocol, sAPPalpha can not be detected in a quantifiable and specific manner in ELISA.
- another object of the invention resides in a method for the immunological assay of sAPPalpha in a sample, comprising a step of heat treatment of the sample (to unmask epitopes of sAPPalpha), and an immunoassay step.
- the method is suitable for assaying sAPPalpha from any sample, including blood or blood derived samples (serum, platelets, etc.), other biological fluids, culture supernatants.
- the sample can be pre-treated, especially by dilution, enrichment, filtration, etc.
- the heat treatment step comprises a treatment of the sample at a temperature between 60 0 C and 70 0 C, for a period of time sufficient to unmask epitopes of sAPPalpha, typically for a period of time between 30 seconds and 10 minutes, approx.
- a treatment of the sample at a temperature between 60 0 C and 70 0 C, for a period of time sufficient to unmask epitopes of sAPPalpha, typically for a period of time between 30 seconds and 10 minutes, approx.
- the immunoassay can be carried out by various techniques known per se, such as in particular ELISA, with any reagent specific for sAPPalpha, in particular any specific antibody as described above.
- ELISA ELISA
- any reagent specific for sAPPalpha in particular any specific antibody as described above.
- antibodies or kits are commercially available, such as the ELISA APP kit, sold by Sigma or Biosource, or certain antibodies specific for sAPP ⁇ (at the level of the cleavage of APP) or recognizing sAPP ⁇ and 'APP:
- monoclonal antibody 6E10 (specific for sAPP ⁇ )
- monoclonal antibody 2B3 (included in the IBL kit for the detection of sAPP ⁇ ), specific for sAPP ⁇
- Polyclonal polyCl 1 (Upstate / Millipore, Cat # AB5368, produced by Chemicon)
- an object of the invention resides in the use of a compound selected from pyrazolopyridines and GABA (A) receptor modulating agents for the preparation of a medicament for stimulating or inducing the production of sAPPalpha by platelets in a mammal.
- a compound selected from pyrazolopyridines and GABA (A) receptor modulating agents for the preparation of a medicament for stimulating or inducing the production of sAPPalpha by platelets in a mammal.
- the invention also relates to the use of a compound selected from pyrazolopyridines and GABA (A) receptor modulating agents for the preparation of a medicament for reducing the risk of thrombus formation in a mammal.
- a compound selected from pyrazolopyridines and GABA (A) receptor modulating agents for the preparation of a medicament for reducing the risk of thrombus formation in a mammal.
- the invention also relates to the use of a compound selected from pyrazolopyridines and GABA (A) receptor modulating agents for the preparation of a medicament for reducing vascular complications in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
- a compound selected from pyrazolopyridines and GABA (A) receptor modulating agents for the preparation of a medicament for reducing vascular complications in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
- the invention further relates to the use of a compound selected from pyrazolopyridines and GABA (A) receptor modulating agents for the preparation of a medicament for inhibiting platelet aggregation in a mammal, particularly in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases.
- a compound selected from pyrazolopyridines and GABA (A) receptor modulating agents for the preparation of a medicament for inhibiting platelet aggregation in a mammal, particularly in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases.
- Figure 8 Effect of etazolate on amyloid peptide toxicity and effect of GABA A receptor inhibitors on etazolate-induced neuroprotection.
- Figure 9 Effect of alpha secretase inhibitors on etazolate-induced neuroprotection.
- Figure 10 Effect of an anti-sAPP ⁇ neutralizing antibody on etazolate-induced neuroprotection.
- the soluble fragment of APP (sAPP ⁇ ) circulating in the blood is derived from platelet cells and associated ⁇ -secretase activity. It has been shown to decrease with age and during the pathophysiological process of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
- the sAPP ⁇ circulating in the blood can therefore be considered as a bio-marker for monitor the changes in the processing of APP that occur with age and during the pathophysiological process of Alzheimer's disease and that can be corrected after taking medication.
- the method described below was developed in order to unmask and make accessible the specific epitope of the sAPP ⁇ soluble fragment for high affinity antibody-antigen detection according to the ELISA double sandwich technique.
- sAPP ⁇ can not be detected in a quantifiable and specific manner by ELISA.
- the serum alone without prior treatment shows a detection of sAPP ⁇ which is very clearly quantifiable (3.5 ng / mL), but which does not seem to be additive to the added recombinant sAPP ⁇ (+10 ng / mL), whereas the same amount of sAPP ⁇ added shows detection (8.7 ng / mL) around the expected amount (10 ng / mL).
- ELISA detection in pure serum without any particular treatment does not seem to be specific to soluble and circulating sAPP ⁇ .
- the serum samples are initially diluted in Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline buffer (PBS) pH 7.4 (Sigma # D8537), 5% BSA, 0.05% Tween-20.
- the diluted samples are then heat-treated at 66 ° C for 10 minutes and then cooled to 4 ° C.
- the recovery (expressed in% of the expected value) of the recombinant sAPP ⁇ in the serum with 3 increasing amounts is within acceptable limits 100% ⁇ 25%.
- the FDA defines the performance criteria for ELISA assays applied to diagnostic procedures in the US Food And Drug Administration Guidance for Industry, Bioanalytical Method Validation, May 2001.
- the following documents specify the criteria for acceptance and validation of immunoassays.
- Stably transfected HEK293 cells overexpressing human APP were maintained in modified Eagle medium containing Earle salt and supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FBS), 2mM L-glutamine (Sigma, Lyon, France). ), IX Non Essential Amino Acids and antibiotics.
- FBS fetal calf serum
- 2mM L-glutamine Sigma, Lyon, France
- IX Non Essential Amino Acids antibiotics.
- the cells were treated 48 hours after plating on 10cm plates with varying concentrations of the indicated molecules, or with DMSO as the vehicle, for 24 hours.
- SAPPalpha was measured by ELISA and Western blot using commercially available antibodies.
- Example 3 Etazolate stimulates the production of sAPPalpha by cortical neurons SAPPalpha production was measured on cortical neurons isolated from 17-day-old Wistar rat embryos.
- Cells are obtained from cortical structures that are dissected in a solution containing 0.25% trypsin. The dissociated cells are seeded at the density of 500,000 per cm 2 in Neurobasal medium containing additives (IX B27, 2mM L-glutamine, 0.6% glucose, antibiotics and antimycotics as well as 2% horse serum) in culture dishes coated with 6 ⁇ g / ml of polyornithine The cells are maintained at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2.
- additives IX B27, 2mM L-glutamine, 0.6% glucose, antibiotics and antimycotics as well as 2% horse serum
- the cells are treated with 5 ⁇ M AraC (5 Cytosine arabinofuranoside) as antimitotic. After 4 days in vitro, half of the medium is changed with medium without horse serum and the culture is maintained for ripening in this medium for 7 to 10 days.
- AraC Cytosine arabinofuranoside
- the sAPPalpha was measured by Western blot using commercially available antibodies after medium change and accumulation in fresh medium for 24 hours. The quantifications were performed from densitometry analyzes of the scanned autoradiographic images. As shown in Figure 6, etazolate (0.2 and 2 ⁇ M for 24h) stimulates the release of sAPPalpha from cortical neurons. The results presented are the mean ⁇ SEM of three independent experiments performed in duplicate and are expressed as the percentage of control (untreated cultures).
- sAPPalpha The production of sAPPalpha has been studied in vivo in guinea pigs, a physiological model of APP processing in the brain.
- Etazolate or vehicle physiological saline
- the cortex was homogenized at 4 ° C. in a Tris base solution of 20 mM.
- Soluble sAPPalpha was measured by a test ELISA and normalized results compared to the amount of protein present in the extracts.
- Figure 7 shows the increase in the amount of sAPPalpha measured in the brains of animals treated with etazolate, compared to the control animals treated with the vehicle.
- the etazolate-induced three-fold increase is statistically highly significant (***: p ⁇ lE-4 according to the Wilcoxon test).
- Example 5 The neuroprotective effect of etazolate requires the production of sAPPalpha in vivo
- the A ⁇ 25-35 peptide contains the neuro-toxic fragment of the amyloid peptide and is a tool conventionally used to study the neuroprotective effects of compounds.
- the 7-10 day old neuronal cultures are changed with fresh culture medium and treated with the etazolate inhibitor compound, six hours before the addition of the amyloid A ⁇ 25-35 peptide at the concentration of 33.5 ⁇ M. In a conventional and reproducible manner, this concentration generates 30 to 40% toxicity in neuronal cultures.
- sAPP ⁇ has neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties, particularly against amyloid peptide in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that etazolate could mediate its neuroprotective effects via the alpha secretase pathway.
- an anti-sAPP ⁇ neutralizing antibody (3E9 antibody) and alpha secretase inhibitors are used respectively.
- the antibody 3E9 5 ⁇ g / ml is added to the cortical cells at the same time as etazolate.
- Furin Inhibitor I compound Two alpha inhibitors secretases, the Furin Inhibitor I compound (Hwang EM, Kim SK, Sohn JH, Lee JY, Kim Y, YS Kim, Mook-Jung I. Furin is an endogenous regulator of alpha-secretase associated processing APP., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006 Oct. 20; 349 (2): 654-9) and TAPI (Slack BE, Ma LK, Seah CC.) Constitutive shedding of the amyloid precursor protein ectodomain is up-regulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme. 2001 Aug 1; 357 (Pt 3): 787-94) are used pretreatment one hour before the addition of the etazolate.
- Toxicity is measured using the MTT test. After incubation with the compounds, MTT is added at a final concentration of 0.5 mg / ml per well. The plates are then incubated for 30 minutes at 37 ° C. in the dark. The medium is aspirated and the crystals are resuspended in 500 ⁇ l of DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide). The absorbance at 550 nm is read and the percentage of viability is calculated.
- FIG. 8 a dose-dependent protective effect is observed (FIG. 8) with in particular 90% of cell viability obtained for the dose of 0.2 ⁇ M.
- This effect is blocked by the use of the three GABA A receptor inhibitory agents and the statistical analysis indicates that this effect is largely significant (p ⁇ le-4 with the Wilcoxon test after comparison 0.2 ⁇ M EHT 0202 versus 0.2 ⁇ M microM EHT 0202 plus antagonists).
- the results correspond to the averages +/- wk of seven independent experiments.
- Figures 9 and 10 show results obtained with etazolate on cortical neurons in the presence of inhibitors of the production of sAPP ⁇ or its activity.
- the results presented show that etazolate achieves a protective effect on these cells which is inhibited by treatment with two alpha secretase inhibitors, Furin Inhibitor I and TAPI (FIG. 9).
- Furin Inhibitor I and TAPI two alpha secretase inhibitors
- FIG. 10 shows that the etazolate-induced neuroprotection requires the production of sAPP ⁇ , since the neuroprotective effect of etazolate is lost when an anti-sAPP ⁇ neutralizing antibody is added to the culture medium.
- the present invention documents the neuroprotective effect of etazolate on amyloid peptide-induced toxicity as acting via the GABA A receptor. This neuroprotective effect is associated with the activation of the alpha secretase pathway and the production of sAPP ⁇ .
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Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2007274872A AU2007274872A1 (en) | 2006-07-21 | 2007-07-20 | Methods and tools for the therapy of neurodegenerative pathologies |
| CA002658464A CA2658464A1 (fr) | 2006-07-21 | 2007-07-20 | Procedes et outils pour la therapie de pathologies neurodegeneratives |
| JP2009521315A JP2009544964A (ja) | 2006-07-21 | 2007-07-20 | 神経変性疾患の治療のための方法およびツール |
| US12/309,492 US20090317842A1 (en) | 2006-07-21 | 2007-07-20 | Methods and Tools for The Therapy of Neurodegenerative Pathologies |
| EP07823624A EP2047277A2 (fr) | 2006-07-21 | 2007-07-20 | Procédés et outils pour la thérapie de pathologies neurodégénératives |
| IL196643A IL196643A0 (en) | 2006-07-21 | 2009-01-21 | Methods and tools for the therapy of neurodegenerative pathologies |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0606698 | 2006-07-21 | ||
| FR0606698A FR2904113A1 (fr) | 2006-07-21 | 2006-07-21 | Procedes et outils pour la therapie de pathologies neurodegeneratives |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008009868A2 true WO2008009868A2 (fr) | 2008-01-24 |
| WO2008009868A3 WO2008009868A3 (fr) | 2008-05-08 |
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| PCT/FR2007/051706 Ceased WO2008009868A2 (fr) | 2006-07-21 | 2007-07-20 | Procedes et outils pour la therapie de pathologies neurodegeneratives |
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| US (1) | US20090317842A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2047277A2 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2009544964A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20090086386A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN101542289A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2007274872A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2658464A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2904113A1 (fr) |
| IL (1) | IL196643A0 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2008009868A2 (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200901094B (fr) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010046332A1 (fr) * | 2008-10-20 | 2010-04-29 | INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) | Procédé de détection de la protéine précurseur amyloïde (app) alpha soluble et/ou de app bêta soluble |
| EP3628315A1 (fr) | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-01 | Université de Caen Normandie | Combinaison d'inhibiteur d'acétylcholinestérase et d'agoniste de récepteur de 5-ht4 comme agent neuroprotecteur dans le traitement de maladies neurodégénératives |
| EP3628660A1 (fr) | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-01 | Université de Caen Normandie | Donecopride et flucopride comme agents neuroprotectifs dans le traitement des maladies neurodégéneratives |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2017300579B2 (en) | 2016-07-20 | 2023-02-09 | Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, K.U.Leuven R&D | Therapeutic agents for neurological and psychiatric disorders |
| JP6405549B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-10-17 | 国立研究開発法人理化学研究所 | 急性冠症候群のマーカー及びその利用 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL8702338A (nl) * | 1987-09-30 | 1989-04-17 | Mathilde Elisabeth Boon En Lan | Werkwijze voor het laten verlopen van (bio-)chemische of(micro-)biologische reakties, onder gebruikmaking van microgolven, daarvan gebruikmakende werkwijzen en inrichting daarvoor. |
| US5843794A (en) * | 1992-03-26 | 1998-12-01 | Montefiore Medical Center | Technique for the prevention of false positive reactions in immunological testing due to C1 and C1q components of the complement and method for screening for rheumatic factor |
| GB0012671D0 (en) * | 2000-05-24 | 2000-07-19 | Merck Sharp & Dohme | Therapeutic agents |
| ES2228697T3 (es) * | 2001-06-12 | 2005-04-16 | Wiltfang, Jens | Anticuerpo monoclonal, mab 1e8, que es especifico para los dos primeros aminoacidos de peptidos beta-amiloides y su utilizacion en la deteccion de peptidos beta-amiloides y/o sapp alfa. |
| GB0207249D0 (en) * | 2002-03-27 | 2002-05-08 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Novel compounds |
-
2006
- 2006-07-21 FR FR0606698A patent/FR2904113A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-07-20 CA CA002658464A patent/CA2658464A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2007-07-20 AU AU2007274872A patent/AU2007274872A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-07-20 CN CNA2007800340073A patent/CN101542289A/zh active Pending
- 2007-07-20 KR KR1020097003519A patent/KR20090086386A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-07-20 US US12/309,492 patent/US20090317842A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-07-20 WO PCT/FR2007/051706 patent/WO2008009868A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2007-07-20 JP JP2009521315A patent/JP2009544964A/ja active Pending
- 2007-07-20 EP EP07823624A patent/EP2047277A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-01-21 IL IL196643A patent/IL196643A0/en unknown
- 2009-02-16 ZA ZA200901094A patent/ZA200901094B/xx unknown
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010046332A1 (fr) * | 2008-10-20 | 2010-04-29 | INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) | Procédé de détection de la protéine précurseur amyloïde (app) alpha soluble et/ou de app bêta soluble |
| EP3628315A1 (fr) | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-01 | Université de Caen Normandie | Combinaison d'inhibiteur d'acétylcholinestérase et d'agoniste de récepteur de 5-ht4 comme agent neuroprotecteur dans le traitement de maladies neurodégénératives |
| EP3628660A1 (fr) | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-01 | Université de Caen Normandie | Donecopride et flucopride comme agents neuroprotectifs dans le traitement des maladies neurodégéneratives |
| WO2020065028A1 (fr) | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-02 | Universite De Caen Normandie | Donécopride utilisé comme agent neuroprotecteur dans le traitement de maladies neurodégénératives |
| WO2020064979A1 (fr) | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-02 | Universite De Caen Normandie | Combinaison d'un inhibiteur de l'acétylcholinestérase et d'un agoniste du récepteur 5-ht4 en tant qu'agent neuroprotecteur dans le traitement de maladies neurodégénératives |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2047277A2 (fr) | 2009-04-15 |
| US20090317842A1 (en) | 2009-12-24 |
| IL196643A0 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
| JP2009544964A (ja) | 2009-12-17 |
| WO2008009868A3 (fr) | 2008-05-08 |
| AU2007274872A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
| KR20090086386A (ko) | 2009-08-12 |
| CA2658464A1 (fr) | 2008-01-24 |
| CN101542289A (zh) | 2009-09-23 |
| FR2904113A1 (fr) | 2008-01-25 |
| ZA200901094B (en) | 2010-01-27 |
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