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WO2008006054A2 - Procédé de production de substrats non tissés synthétiques renforcés par des fibres naturelles - Google Patents

Procédé de production de substrats non tissés synthétiques renforcés par des fibres naturelles Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008006054A2
WO2008006054A2 PCT/US2007/072928 US2007072928W WO2008006054A2 WO 2008006054 A2 WO2008006054 A2 WO 2008006054A2 US 2007072928 W US2007072928 W US 2007072928W WO 2008006054 A2 WO2008006054 A2 WO 2008006054A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
woven material
paper
planchettes
improved paper
layers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2007/072928
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008006054A3 (fr
Inventor
Al Shearer
Paul Cronin
Philip Forshee
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Authentix Inc
Original Assignee
Authentix Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Authentix Inc filed Critical Authentix Inc
Publication of WO2008006054A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008006054A2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Publication of WO2008006054A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008006054A3/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
    • D21F11/02—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines of the Fourdrinier type
    • D21F11/04—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines of the Fourdrinier type paper or board consisting on two or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/02—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/10—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer reinforced with filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/30—Multi-ply
    • D21H27/32—Multi-ply with materials applied between the sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0223—Vinyl resin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
    • B32B2262/062—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
    • B32B2262/062—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
    • B32B2262/067—Wood fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/409—Iridescent, pearlescent surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/422—Luminescent, fluorescent, phosphorescent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/54—Yield strength; Tensile strength
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/582—Tearability
    • B32B2307/5825—Tear resistant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/714—Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion
    • B32B2307/7145—Rot proof, resistant to bacteria, mildew, mould, fungi
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/75—Printability
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2554/00—Paper of special types, e.g. banknotes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to manufacture of flexible substrates, and in particular, to the manufacture of paper products.
  • a natural or synthetic fiber (or combination of both) substrate that is stronger and lasts longer, while exhibiting similar printing characteristics as typical paper substrates.
  • Such substrates are useful in many markets, including the currency market.
  • a synthetic cross-linked component such as a non-woven
  • a natural fiber matrix augments an ability to incorporate more advanced security features to thwart counterfeiting efforts, both foreign and domestic. It also enables the inclusion of anti-bacterial components to sustain cleanliness, if so desired.
  • Planchettes are security devices that are incorporated into the substrate of a security paper. This incorporation allows the otherwise standard paper new and interesting features such as tactile feel, novel optical features and even other, more covert security features.
  • the gluing method essentially brings the paper/non-woven/paper "sandwich” together either by adhesives or by utilizing a non-woven that is made up of bi-component fibers, whereas the sheath of the fibers are comprised of a low melt polymer that can be heated to melt and adhere the two individual paper substrates together. Others incorporate loose reinforcing fibers into the pulp that are then formed into the substrate. It is important to note that these loose fibers are not cross-linked with themselves, and hence only have a limited ability to catch and prevent tearing.
  • the embedded planchettes may be formed of the same non- woven materials as used in the substrate. However, there are a number of methods of forming them from the substrates. They include:
  • Forming daisy-chain lengths of planchettes by die-cutting. This is accomplished by cutting away unwanted areas of the continuous non-woven web, leaving the planchettes connected in a tenuous manner. This allows for easier handling and ensures that the planchettes are positioned relative to each other corrected.
  • An improved paper comprises two or more layers of porous non-woven material overlaid to form a web. Pulp fibers disposed through the pores of the non- woven material, wherein the pulp fibers are entangled and act to hold the two or more porous non-woven material layers together forming a substrate. A layer of paper pulp disposed on both sides of the substrate forming a composite and the composite is compressed, dried and heated to form the improved paper.
  • the non-woven material substrate of the improved paper is a synthetic polymer material.
  • the pulp fibers may be disposed through the pores of the non- woven material using the process of sonication.
  • the porous non- woven layers of the improved paper include a multiplicity of planchettes configured to have security features that may be used for authentication and against counterfeiting.
  • the planchettes are linked together and in another the planchettes are loose and unattached.
  • the security feature of the planchettes may reside in their unique shape(s) or lack thereof.
  • the security feature of planchettes comprises a visual effect such as iridescence or fluorescence.
  • the planchettes are configured to impart a tactile feel to the improved paper.
  • the planchettes used in the improved paper may have sizes in the range of 2- 4 mm.
  • the porous non-woven material may include a bi-component spun-bond material having a specific ratio of lower melt temperature polymer such as polylactide, poly vinyl acetate or ethylene vinyl acetate.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates process steps for making paper according to one embodiment
  • FIG. 2A illustrates an apparatus for making paper according to one embodiment
  • FIG. 2B illustrates an apparatus for making paper according to another embodiment
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an inner layer of paper made according to one embodiment
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a patterned inner layer of paper made according to another embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates steps for producing paper according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Step 1 shows layers of porous non- woven material (synthetic) 101 with distributed pores 102.
  • the synthetic web material (or substrate) 101 may be exposed to sonication in the presence of some amount of paper slurry. Sonication is the act of applying sound (usually ultrasound) energy to agitate particles in a sample, for various purposes. This process forces some of the slurry into the open pores 102 of the substrate 101, mechanically entangling fibers 103 of the paper slurry within the synthetic web 101.
  • normal paper pulp 105 is introduced above and below composite 104 forming composite 106.
  • Entangled fibers 103 engage the encapsulating paper pulp 105 thereby increasing the bonding between the encapsulating paper 105 and the internal non- woven materials 101.
  • the composite 106 is compressed to produce flat, smooth paper that looks and feels like regular paper but has in internal core of non- woven material that makes the improved paper strong.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates an apparatus suitable for producing improved paper according to process steps recited in FIG. 1.
  • a roll of non- woven substrate 101, along with entangled fibers 103, is fed into a headbox 201.
  • the function of a headbox 201 is to deliver a uniform jet of furnish (mix of pulp, fiber, etc.) having essentially the same width as the paper web to be produced. Redistribution of furnish and break-up of floes is achieved with banks of tubes, expansion areas, and changes of flow direction.
  • a flocculent mass (floe) is formed in a fluid through precipitation or aggregation of suspended particles.
  • Synthetic web 101 is evenly distributed or fed into the headbox 201 in such a way that paper slurry 103 can migrate underneath and above the synthetic substrate 101. This allows the natural fibers to become entangled with the synthetic fibers of the non- woven substrate 101 (step 3 of FIG. 1), as well as web entrained paper fibers 103, which may be located or placed in the top, middle or bottom of the final natural/synthetic product. As the substrate composite 104 progresses through the process, water is removed from the paper pulp slurry 105 by vacuum boxes (not shown) located downstream. This vacuum process draws the natural fibers into the synthetic web and cause even further entanglement. Roller 108 is used to compress composite 105 to form flat, smooth paper 106.
  • FIG. 2B shows an alternate apparatus suitable for forming paper according to the process steps of FIG. 1.
  • a "split" headbox 202 may also be used.
  • Split headbox 202 allows the paper pulp slurry 103 to be separately applied to the top and bottom of synthetic web 101.
  • Rollers 108 are used to compress composite 105 and downstream vacuum and drying units (not shown) are used to produce the final paper product 106.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a substrate manufactured in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the substrate is shown in a cut-away view where the top natural paper layer 301 is shown cut away to expose the non- woven synthetic core 302 disposed in between.
  • the substrate corresponds to the finished product 106.
  • FIG 4 is an illustration of a different embodiment of an improved paper.
  • large planchettes 303 are incorporated into the substrate (e.g., 104) where these planchettes 303 may support many security features.
  • the planchettes 303 may be loose from each other, or only connected in a very tenuous manner in the form of a daisy-chain.
  • Planchettes are typically security devices that are incorporated into the substrate of a security paper. Planchettes may be polymer cut outs, possibly 2-4 mm in diameter. They may have some visual effect such as iridescence, fluorescence, etc.
  • the incorporation of the planchettes into the paper may also occur during the wet paper pulp stage. This incorporation allows the otherwise standard paper new and interesting features such as tactile feel, novel optical features and even other, more covert security features.
  • embodiments of the present invention produce a natural or synthetic fiber (or combination of both) substrate that is stronger and lasts longer, while exhibiting similar printing characteristics as typical paper substrates.
  • Such substrates are useful in many markets, including the currency market.
  • a synthetic cross- linked component such as a non-woven
  • a natural fiber matrix augments an ability to incorporate more advanced security features to thwart counterfeiting efforts, both foreign and domestic. It also enables the inclusion of anti-bacterial components to sustain cleanliness, if so desired.
  • the synthetic web 104 may be produced as a bi-component spun-bond web in which the sheath is comprised of a specific ratio of a lower melt temperature polymer such as PLA (polylactide), PVA (Poly(vinyl acetate)), or EVA (Ethylene vinyl acetate).
  • PLA polylactide
  • PVA Poly(vinyl acetate)
  • EVA Ethylene vinyl acetate
  • United States Patent Application Serial No. 11/266,475 discloses a process which takes a synthetic web roll, two cotton/paper rolls where the three separate rolls are evenly fed together through a series of heated rolls or a heated press which melts the sheath material and essentially glues the three separate substrates together. Although this is an improvement over plain natural fiber substrates, this process does not solve problems with de-lamination.
  • Embodiments of the present invention solve the de laminating problems as the synthetic substrate 101 and natural fibers 103 essentially become a single substrate 106 that will look and feel like normal paper/cotton substrate but will possess strength properties associated with the polymer core of the substrate. This strength enhancement will undoubtedly produce a stronger substrate product that will exhibit longevity as a superior selling point.
  • the synthetic non- woven has the capability of being printed or modified (such as die cut) prior to being incorporated into the natural fiber slurry. This capability will enable a clear and recognizable overt security feature to be incorporated within the natural substrate and cannot be duplicated. Further, existing security features could be deployed within the fibers of the non-woven itself. These features might not be able to be implemented into the paper itself.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un papier amélioré (106) comprenant deux couches ou plus de matériau non tissé poreux (101) superposées pour former une bande. Des fibres de pâte (103) disposées à travers les pores du matériau non tissé (101) sont enchevêtrées et servent à maintenir ensemble les deux couches ou plus de matériau non tissé poreux (101) formant un substrat (104). Une couche de pâte à papier (105) est disposée des deux côtés du substrat (104), formant ainsi un composite (106) qui est comprimé, séché et chauffé de manière à former le papier amélioré. Dans un mode de réalisation, le substrat de matériau non tissé (101) du papier amélioré est un matériau polymère synthétique. Les fibres de pâte (103) peuvent être disposées à travers les pores (102) du matériau non tissé (101) au moyen du processus de sonication.
PCT/US2007/072928 2006-07-07 2007-07-06 Procédé de production de substrats non tissés synthétiques renforcés par des fibres naturelles Ceased WO2008006054A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US81930906P 2006-07-07 2006-07-07
US60/819,309 2006-07-07
US81957506P 2006-07-10 2006-07-10
US60/819,575 2006-07-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008006054A2 true WO2008006054A2 (fr) 2008-01-10
WO2008006054A3 WO2008006054A3 (fr) 2009-04-09

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2007/072928 Ceased WO2008006054A2 (fr) 2006-07-07 2007-07-06 Procédé de production de substrats non tissés synthétiques renforcés par des fibres naturelles

Country Status (1)

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Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1525383A (en) * 1974-08-02 1978-09-20 Portals Ltd Paper for printed sheets
US5137600A (en) * 1990-11-01 1992-08-11 Kimberley-Clark Corporation Hydraulically needled nonwoven pulp fiber web
JP3657700B2 (ja) * 1996-06-18 2005-06-08 新日本石油化学株式会社 カサ高性不織布の製造方法

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