WO2008004357A1 - Equipment for converting plastics into oil - Google Patents

Abstract

Equipment for converting plastics into oil, in which plastics can be efficiently cracked into oil through the reaction with superheated steam under ordinary pressure without a catalyst and which permits safe withdrawal of the formed oil and efficient separation of the withdrawn oil from water. Equipment comprising a heating chamber (12), a reaction tank (10) provided in the chamber (12), a steam jacket (16) covering the outside of the tank (10), and many steam ejection nozzles (22) for ejecting steam into the tank (10) from the jacket (16) , wherein steam introduced into the jacket (16) is superheated and ejected into the tank (10) through the steam ejection nozzles (22); plastics in the tank (10) are cracked in a steam phase into oil; and the oil together with the steam ejected into the tank (10) through the nozzles (22) is discharged to the outside of the tank (10) through a discharge port (26).

Description

 Specification

 Plastic oil making equipment

 Technical field

 TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a plastic oil making apparatus that directly decomposes plastic with superheated steam to generate oil.

 Background art

 [0002] As techniques for decomposing and oiling plastics on an industrial scale, techniques for directly heating and melting and decomposing plastics and apparatuses for converting plastics to oil with high-temperature steam are known.

 [0003] However, in the case of directly pyrolyzing a plastic with a force, it is necessary to process at a high temperature, which is complicated. Also, the plastics were re-synthesized during processing, and the desired oil conversion efficiency could not be achieved. Furthermore, many of the equipment that oils plastics with high-temperature steam has problems with the use of catalysts and the method of supplying high-temperature steam, and it has been difficult to fully decompose plastics and obtain high-quality cracked oil. . When using a catalyst, for example, when using a method in which a metal catalyst is coated on zeolite or ceramics and brought into contact with water vapor, the life of the catalyst becomes a problem and the number of types of products increases, making it usable. It was difficult to produce a sufficient oil content sufficiently efficiently.

 [0004] Further, in such a conventional technique, since the volatile component in the oil component becomes a high concentration, there are many portions that are difficult in terms of airtightness of the device itself and handling thereof. For this reason, it was necessary to re-distill the cracked oil of the plastic, or it was required to increase the airtightness of the device so that air could not enter, and it was necessary to make it an expensive device. Although this varies depending on the type of plastic to be treated, it can be attributed to the fact that the method of directly heating plastic has become the mainstream.

Patent Document 1 discloses a water vapor or inert gas supply path, a waste plastic supply path, a horizontal pyrolysis furnace, a pyrolysis residue outlet, and a cooling device for converting pyrolysis gas into oil. It is characterized by comprising a combustion device that burns the pyrolysis gas and a heat recovery device that is heated by the combustion and introduces a gas or liquid into a jacket provided in the pyrolysis furnace. A waste plastic thermal decomposition apparatus is disclosed.

 [0006] In this pyrolysis apparatus, since efficient heat recovery is performed in a horizontal pyrolysis furnace having an excellent heat transfer effect, a large amount of waste plastic can be efficiently pyrolyzed. As a result, wax and liquid oil can be obtained with good yield and energy efficiency. In addition, waste plastics are pyrolyzed with high-temperature steam or inert gas, so that entry of air is prevented and combustion and explosion in the pyrolysis furnace can be prevented. In addition, because a rotating shaft with rotating blades is used for stirring in the pyrolysis furnace, foreign matter that does not clog in the pyrolysis furnace even when automobile shredder dust mixed with metal such as electric wires is used. It is said that the plastic can be thermally decomposed without any problem even if it is mixed.

 However, in the waste plastic pyrolysis apparatus described in Patent Document 1, the water vapor supply path is provided at the base end of the horizontal pyrolysis furnace. It is not possible to supply steam that has been superheated sufficiently. For this reason, it has been difficult to efficiently obtain a high-quality oil by thermal decomposition of plastic.

 [0008] In addition, devices such as a centrifugal separator, a filter press, and a simple flotation tank are conventionally used to separate the produced oil and water. However, both of these devices are expensive and have problems such as insufficient separation. Therefore, an inexpensive and higher performance oil and water separation device has been desired.

 Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-298994

 Disclosure of the invention

 Problems to be solved by the invention

[0009] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, and the object of the present invention is that the reaction with superheated steam is performed under normal pressure without using a catalyst. Providing a plastic oiling device that can efficiently decompose sticks to produce oils and safely remove them, and plastic oils that can efficiently separate the oils that have been produced and removed It is in providing a conversion apparatus.

 Means for solving the problem

[0010] One aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object includes a reaction vessel for decomposing plastic, a heating chamber in which the reaction vessel is provided, a heating device, water vapor, A plastic oil making apparatus having a discharge part for discharging the decomposition product of plastic into the reaction tank,

 The reaction tank has a water vapor introduction layer that covers at least a part of the reaction tank on the outside in the heating chamber, the plastic oil converting apparatus includes an introduction unit that introduces water vapor into the water vapor introduction layer, and the water vapor The apparatus further comprises a water vapor jet nozzle for ejecting water vapor from the introduction layer into the reaction tank, and the heating device superheats the water vapor introduced into the water vapor introduction layer, and the superheated water vapor is By ejecting from the introduction layer into the reaction tank through the water vapor ejection nozzle, the plastic is decomposed in the vapor phase in the reaction tank, and the oil produced by the decomposition is introduced into the reaction tank through the water vapor ejection nozzle. A plastic oil making apparatus characterized in that it is discharged to the outside of the reaction tank through the discharge part together with the jetted water vapor.

 [0011] In order to decompose and plasticize the plastic with the plastic oil converting apparatus of this aspect, the target plastic is charged into the reaction tank, water vapor is introduced into the water vapor introducing layer from the water vapor supply source, and the heating device is used. The water vapor introduced into the water vapor introduction layer in the heating chamber is heated and the reaction vessel is heated.

 [0012] The water vapor introduced into the water vapor introduction layer is supplied to the water vapor introduction layer! It is overheated and ejected into the reaction tank through the water vapor ejection nozzle. In the reaction tank heated by the heating device, the plastic reacts with the superheated steam that is superheated in the steam introduction layer and jets into the reaction tank through the steam jet nozzle, and does not require the use of a catalyst at normal pressure. Steam Efficiently decomposes in the gas phase. The oil produced by the decomposition is transported by water vapor ejected into the reaction tank via the water vapor ejection nozzle, and discharged to the outside of the reaction tank via the discharge part, so that it can be safely taken out.

 [0013] Preferably, a plurality of the water vapor ejection nozzles are provided.

 [0014] In this preferable aspect, a plurality of steam jet nozzles are provided, so that a plurality of force heated steams can be brought into contact with the plastic in the reaction tank. Therefore, superheated steam and plastic react efficiently in the reaction tank, and the plastic decomposes efficiently in the steam gas phase.

[0015] Preferably, a part or all of the inside of the reaction vessel is a plastic container, and the plastic thereof. The plurality of steam jet nozzles are arranged so that superheated steam is sprayed evenly to the storage chamber.

 [0016] In this preferred embodiment, the water vapor introduced into the water vapor introduction layer is superheated by the water vapor introduction layer V, and is uniformly overheated to the plastic container in the reaction tank via a plurality of water vapor ejection nozzles. Water vapor spouts out. Therefore, the superheated steam and the plastic react efficiently in the plastic container in the reaction tank, and the plastic is efficiently decomposed in the steam gas phase.

 [0017] Preferably, for the oil and water vapor discharged to the outside of the reaction tank via the discharge part, the weight of water vapor can be made 10 times or less the weight of the oil.

[0018] Preferably, the apparatus further includes an inclined plate separation device into which oil discharged to the outside of the reaction tank together with water vapor is introduced, and moisture and oil are separated in the inclined plate separation device.

[0019] In this preferable aspect, the apparatus further includes an inclined plate separation device into which oil discharged to the outside of the reaction tank together with water vapor is introduced. In the inclined plate separating apparatus, moisture and oil are separated.

 [0020] Preferably, an upper end plate portion and a lower end plate portion in the vertical direction are respectively provided at the upper end and the lower end of the inclined plate included in the inclined plate separating apparatus.

 In this preferable aspect, the oil-containing water is rectified by the upper end plate portion and the lower end plate portion provided in the vertical direction at the upper end and the lower end of the inclined plate, respectively, and the flow of the oil-containing water is biased in the inclined plate. This prevents the oil / water separation efficiency from being lowered.

 [0022] Preferably, a dechlorination device is provided between the discharge portion and the inclined plate separator.

 [0023] In this preferable aspect, since the dechlorination device is interposed between the discharge part and the inclined plate separation device, the inclined plate is removed after being dechlorinated by the dechlorination device even when the plastic containing chlorine is liquefied. Water and oil are separated in the separation device. As a result, generation of chlorine-containing harmful substances such as hydrogen chloride is prevented.

 The invention's effect

[0024] According to the plastic oil converting apparatus of the present invention, the plastic reacts with the superheated steam that is superheated in the steam introduction layer and jetted into the reaction tank through the steam jet nozzle, so that it is not necessary to use a catalyst under normal pressure. Thus, it decomposes efficiently in the vapor phase of steam. By decomposition The generated oil is transported by the steam ejected into the reaction tank through the steam ejection nozzle and discharged outside the reaction tank through the discharge section, so that it can be safely taken out. Brief Description of Drawings

 FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main part showing a front part of a plastic oil making apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

 FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main part showing a rear part of the plastic oil making apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

 FIG. 3 is a flow diagram including a dechlorination apparatus.

 Explanation of symbols

 1 Plastic oil making equipment

 10 reactor

 11 Plastic compartment

 12 Heating chamber

 16 Water vapor introduction jacket (water vapor introduction layer)

 20 Steam inlet

 22 Water vapor jet nozzle

 26 Discharge hole (discharge section)

 28 Inclined plate separator

 32 Pana (heating device)

 34 Dechlorination equipment

 42 Inclined plate

 46 Top plate

 48 Bottom plate

 P Target plastic (plastic)

 BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

 Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the plastic oil making apparatus 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is mainly composed of a pre-stage portion mainly composed of a reaction vessel 10 and a heating chamber 12, and an inclined plate separating device 28. When It consists of the latter part.

 [0029] As shown in Fig. 1, the plastic oil making apparatus 1 includes a reaction vessel 10 having a rectangular parallelepiped shape (not limited to this shape) for decomposing plastic, and the reaction vessel 10 provided therein. A heated heating chamber 12 is provided. Examples of target plastics include PET, polyethylene, polyacrylamide, and salt gel. It is pretty easy to process two or more types at once.

 [0030] The upper part of the reaction tank 10 faces the outside of the heating chamber 12, and the side surface and the bottom surface of the reaction tank 10 are located in the heating chamber 12. The lower part of the reaction vessel 10 is supported against the bottom of the heating chamber 12. The heating chamber 12 is covered with a heat insulating wall 14.

 [0031] The reaction vessel 10 has a water vapor introduction jacket 16 (water vapor introduction layer) that covers a pair of side and bottom portions facing each other. Above the steam introduction jacket 16, a steam introduction section 20 for introducing steam from an external boiler 18 (which is an example of a steam supply source, but is not limited to this) for supplying steam into the reaction vessel 10. Have Two or more steam inlets 20 may be provided. A portion of the reaction vessel 10 excluding the upper end is a plastic container 11. Between the steam introduction jacket 16 and the reaction tank 10, a number of steam ejection nozzles 22 are provided so that superheated steam is evenly ejected from the inner wall force of the steam introduction jacket 16 to the plastic container 11 in the reaction tank 10. Yes. The steam introduction jacket 16 can cover the entire outer surface and bottom surface of the reaction vessel 10 in the heating chamber 12 or can cover a part thereof.

 [0032] In the upper part of the reaction tank 10, an openable / closable inlet 24 for introducing the target plastic P such as waste plastic into the reaction tank 10, water vapor and plastic decomposition products (liquid, solid, (Or a gaseous substance) is provided with a discharge hole 26 (discharge section) for discharging from the reaction vessel 10. A discharge pipe 30 is connected between the discharge hole 26 and the introduction portion of the inclined plate separator 28. The plastic decomposition process by the plastic oil converting apparatus 1 can be a continuous process or an intermittent process in addition to a batch process. In the case of continuous or intermittent treatment, it is desirable to shield the air with water vapor in order to exclude air from entering the reaction tank 10 when the target plastic P is charged into the reaction tank U.

A panner 32 (heating device) is provided at one end of the heating chamber 12. Pana 32 is heated The water vapor introduced into the water vapor introduction jacket 16 in the chamber 12 is heated and the reaction tank 10 is heated. Heating to the reaction vessel 10 can be performed directly or indirectly through a steam introduction jacket 16. The temperature of superheated steam is, for example, about 200 ° C-500 ° C for PET bottles. It is preferable to use about 2 to 5 times the weight of the plastic to be decomposed as superheated steam. One or more pruners can be installed.

 [0034] It is preferable that the temperature of the superheated steam sprayed into the reaction tank 10 is always controlled within a fluctuation range within 10% of the set temperature, for example. As a result, the quality of the product oil can be suitably maintained. Such temperature control of the superheated steam can be performed, for example, by providing a temperature sensor in the reaction tank 10 and controlling the combustion of the paran 32 by an appropriate method based on the detected temperature.

 [0035] When plastic is processed in the plastic oil converting apparatus 1, the target plastic P is charged into the reaction vessel 10, steam is introduced from the boiler 18 into the steam introduction jacket 16, and the burner 32 is used. The steam introduced into the steam introduction jacket 16 in the heating chamber 12 is heated and the reaction vessel 10 is heated. Then, the water vapor introduced into the water vapor introduction jacket 16 is overheated in the water vapor introduction jacket 16 and is uniformly ejected to the plastic container 11 in the reaction tank 10 through the many water vapor ejection nozzles 22. In the reaction vessel 10 heated by the PANA 3 2, the target plastic P reacts efficiently with the superheated steam jetted into the reaction vessel 10, and efficiently decomposes in the vapor gas phase under normal pressure without the need for a catalyst. Is done.

[0036] The oil produced by the decomposition is transported in a state of floating in the steam or in another state by the water vapor jetted into the reaction tank 10 through the water vapor jet nozzle 22, and is sent through the discharge hole 26 to the reaction tank 10 Since it is discharged to the outside, it can be safely removed. If cracked gases and other substances are generated by the decomposition of the plastic, they can also be discharged from the discharge holes 26. The water vapor and the oil in the water vapor can be discharged and transported by the pressure of water vapor jetted into the reaction tank 10 or by providing a suction fan or the like in addition to the pressure of water vapor. Of the components discharged to the outside of the reaction vessel 10 through the discharge holes 26, the weight of water vapor is preferably 10 times or less the weight of oil. [0037] Although not shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the plastic oil making apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is provided with a dechlorination apparatus. Fig. 3 is a flow diagram including the dechlorination unit. As shown in FIG. 3, in this embodiment, a dechlorination device 34 is provided between the discharge hole 26 of the reaction tank 10 and the inclined plate separation device 28.

 [0038] Even if plastics containing chlorine such as salty bulls are processed by interposing the dechlorination unit 34, water is stored in the inclined plate separation unit 28 after being dechlorinated by the dechlorination unit 34. And oil components are separated, which prevents the generation of chlorine-containing harmful substances such as hydrogen chloride.

 [0039] The temperature of the mixture of water vapor and cracked product oil supplied to the dechlorination unit 34 is preferably 100 ° C-250 ° C. In order to bring the mixture to a desired temperature, a heat exchange device can be provided between the reaction vessel 10 and the dechlorination device 34 as necessary. The residence time of the mixture of water vapor and cracked product oil in the dechlorination unit 34 is preferably about 0.5 seconds to 180 seconds.

 [0040] The inclined plate separating device 28 shown in FIG. 2 is divided into two sections that are adjacent in the horizontal direction except for the lower part. In the upper part of the first section 36, there is provided an oil / water receiver 38 in which the downward tip of the discharge pipe 30 is located. The second section 40 is formed with a separating portion 44 in which a large number of inclined plates 42 are provided in parallel over the entire horizontal direction from the lower portion to the middle portion. At the upper end and the lower end of the inclined plate 42, an upper end plate portion 46 and a lower end plate portion 48 in the vertical direction are provided, respectively.

 [0041] A separation water outlet 50 is provided in a side wall portion below the separation portion 44 in the second section 40. Further, a separation oil outlet 54 is provided on the side wall portion of the second section where the separation oil layer 52 is formed above the separation portion 44.

[0042] When plastic is processed in the plastic oil converting apparatus 1, the oil that is transported by water vapor and discharged to the outside of the reaction tank 10 through the discharge hole 26 is removed by the discharge pipe 30 through the dechlorination apparatus 3 4 (Fig. After passing through 3), it is introduced into the inclined plate separator 28, where water and oil are separated. The oil-containing water is rectified by the upper end plate portion 46 and the lower end plate portion 48 provided in the vertical direction at the upper end and the lower end of the inclined plate 42, respectively. Therefore, the flow of the oil-containing water is biased at the inclined plate 42mm. This prevents the oil / water separation efficiency from being lowered. In the present embodiment, the upper end plate portion 46 and the lower end plate portion 48 are provided on the inclined plate 42, but the upper end plate portion and the lower end plate portion may be omitted.

[0043] The residence time of the liquid cracked product oil and water in the inclined plate separator 28 can be 20 minutes to 480 minutes. Preferably 40 minutes-180 minutes.

[0044] The inclined plate separator 28 may be provided with a drain fan, a suction fan for introducing a mixture of water vapor and oil, and the like.

[0045] Further, in the plastic oil making apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the dechlorination device 34 is provided between the discharge hole 26 of the reaction tank 10 and the inclined plate separation device 28, but the dechlorination device 34 is not provided. In addition, the discharge hole 26 and the inclined plate separating device 28 can be directly connected to each other.

 Example

 [0046] The black-brown product containing the solid matter obtained by liquefying the plastic bottle using the plastic oil making apparatus 1 is centrifuged (2000 rpm x 30 minutes), and then reduced in pressure using filter paper (5B). Analysis of the filtered filtrate gave the results listed in Table 1.

 [Table 1] Table 1

Recycled oil (pyrolytic oil) Unit Measurement method Kinematic viscosity (40 ° C) 2.268 mm ² / s JIS K 2283 Kinematic viscosity (30 ° C) 2.777 mm ² / s JIS K 2283 Pour point -7.5 ° C JIS K 2269 Flammability Point (PM method) 34.0. C JIS K 2265 Residual carbon content 0.16 mass% JIS K 2270 Moisture (KP vaporization method) 0.07 mass% JIS K 2275 Ash 0.001 mass% JIS K 2272 Total calorific value (actual measurement) 41.93 MJ / kg JIS K 2279 Inorganic chlorine content Ί 7r ¾ Mass ppm Silver nitrate measurement method

Claims

The scope of the claims  [1] A plastic equipped with a reaction tank for decomposing plastic, a heating chamber in which the reaction tank is provided, a heating device, and a discharge unit for discharging steam and plastic decomposition products into the reaction tank An oil making device,  The reaction vessel has a water vapor introduction layer covering at least a part of the reaction vessel on the outside in the heating chamber,  The plastic oil converting apparatus further includes an introduction portion for introducing water vapor into the water vapor introduction layer, and a water vapor ejection nozzle for ejecting water vapor from the water vapor introduction layer into the reaction tank,  The heating device superheats the water vapor introduced into the water vapor introduction layer, and the superheated water vapor is ejected from the water vapor introduction layer into the reaction vessel through the water vapor ejection nozzle, whereby the water vapor is introduced into the reaction vessel. The plastic is decomposed in the gas phase, and the oil produced by the decomposition is discharged to the outside of the reaction tank through the discharge section together with the water sprayed into the reaction tank through the steam jet nozzle. Plastic oil making equipment 2. The plastic oil making apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the water vapor ejection nozzles are arranged.  [3] A part or all of the inside of the reaction tank is a plastic container, and the plurality of water vapor ejection nozzles are arranged so that superheated steam is uniformly ejected to the plastic container. The plastic oil making apparatus as described. [4] The plastic according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the oil and water vapor discharged to the outside of the reaction tank through the discharge part can have a water vapor weight of 10 times or less of the oil weight. Oiling equipment.  [5] The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising an inclined plate separator into which oil discharged together with water vapor is introduced to the outside of the reaction tank, wherein water and oil are separated in the inclined plate separator. The plastic oil making apparatus as described. 6. The plastic oil making apparatus according to claim 5, wherein an upper end plate portion and a lower end plate portion in the vertical direction are respectively provided at an upper end and a lower end of the inclined plate included in the inclined plate separating apparatus. The plastic oil making apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein a dechlorination device is provided between the discharge part and the inclined plate separator.