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WO2008004180A2 - Source d'énergie électrochimique, module électronique et dispositif électronique équipés de ladite source d'énergie électrochimique - Google Patents

Source d'énergie électrochimique, module électronique et dispositif électronique équipés de ladite source d'énergie électrochimique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008004180A2
WO2008004180A2 PCT/IB2007/052577 IB2007052577W WO2008004180A2 WO 2008004180 A2 WO2008004180 A2 WO 2008004180A2 IB 2007052577 W IB2007052577 W IB 2007052577W WO 2008004180 A2 WO2008004180 A2 WO 2008004180A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy source
electrochemical energy
source according
electrode
layer
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2007/052577
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English (en)
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WO2008004180A3 (fr
Inventor
Rogier A. H. Niessen
Martin Ouwerkerk
Herbert Lifka
Petrus H. L. Notten
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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Publication of WO2008004180A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008004180A2/fr
Publication of WO2008004180A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008004180A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/126—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
    • H01M50/128—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers with two or more layers of only inorganic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/004—Details
    • H01G9/08—Housing; Encapsulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0436—Small-sized flat cells or batteries for portable equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
    • H01M10/0562—Solid materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/11—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having a chip structure, e.g. micro-sized batteries integrated on chips
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/117—Inorganic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/117—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/119—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/131—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/40—Printed batteries, e.g. thin film batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • Electrochemical energy source Electrochemical energy source, electronic module and electronic device provided with such an electrochemical energy source
  • the invention relates to an electrochemical energy source, comprising at least one stack of: a first electrode, a solid-state electrolyte deposited onto said first electrode, and a second electrode deposited onto said solid-state electrolyte.
  • the invention also relates to an electronic module provided with such an electrochemical energy source.
  • the invention further relates to an electronic device provided with such an electrochemical energy source.
  • Electrochemical energy sources based on solid-state electrolytes are known in the art. These (planar) energy sources, or 'solid-state batteries', efficiently convert chemical energy into electrical energy and can be used as the power sources for portable electronics. At small scale such batteries can be used to supply electrical energy to e.g. microelectronic modules, more particular to integrated circuits (ICs).
  • An example hereof is disclosed in the international patent application WO 00/25378, where a solid-state thin-film micro battery is fabricated directly onto a specific substrate. During this fabrication process the first electrode, the intermediate solid-state electrolyte, and the second electrode are subsequently deposited onto the substrate.
  • the known micro battery exhibits commonly superior performance as compared to other solid-state batteries, the known micro battery has several drawbacks.
  • a major drawback of the known micro battery of WO 00/25378 is that the performance and rechargeability of these batteries is commonly significantly deteriorated in the course of time.
  • an electrochemical energy source according to the preamble, characterized in that the energy source further comprises a protective packaging covering an outer surface of said stack at least partially, said packaging being electrically insulating and substantially impermeable for atmospheric compounds. It has been found that the significant deterioration of performance of the known batteries is substantially caused by penetration of atmospheric compounds, initially surrounding the energy source, into the energy source, as a consequence of which chemical reactions will occur between the penetrated atmospheric compounds on one side and reactive species, such as ions and particular atoms, contained by the stack on the other side.
  • the (commonly initially uncovered) outer surface of the stack is completely or at least substantially covered by the protective packaging to eliminate contact between the atmospheric compounds and the ions contained by the stack.
  • the protective packaging thus acts as a chemical barrier to shield the reactive species and other particles contained by the stack against relatively aggressive atmospheric compounds.
  • the reactive atmospheric compounds are commonly mainly formed by nitrogen (N 2 ), oxygen (O 2 ), and water (H 2 O) and any derivative (reaction) product thereof.
  • the protective packaging is electrically insulating to prevent short-circuiting of the first electrode and the second electrode.
  • Deposition of the individual layers of the energy source can be achieved by means of conventional deposition techniques such as, for example, Chemical Vapour Deposition, Sputtering, E-beam Deposition and Sol-Gel deposition.
  • the protective packaging is preferably formed out of a single layer having both the property to impede atmospheric compounds to enter the stack and having the property to avoid to generate a short-circuit in the energy source.
  • these materials having both properties to a sufficient and satisfying degree are deemed to be rare.
  • Particular polymers, such as parylene, might be applied to act as a (single layer) protective packaging.
  • the protective packaging preferably comprises a laminate of multiple material layers, wherein at least one layer is made of a substantially electrically insulating material, and wherein at least one other layer is made of a material being substantially impermeable for atmospheric compounds, and preferably also for reactive species contained by the stack. In this manner both advantageous properties of the protective packaging are shared out among different material layers.
  • At least one material layer of the laminate is made of metal, preferably tantalum.
  • Metals, and in particular tantalum are commonly ideally suitable for shielding the stack against atmospheric compounds.
  • metals, and in particular tantalum are commonly also impermeable for reactive species contained by the stack. Therefore, metals are commonly ideally suitable to act as a chemical barrier in order to prevent physical contact and hence a chemical reaction between atmospheric compounds and reactive species, such as ions and/or any other particles, contained by the stack.
  • the laminate preferably also comprises an electrically insulating layer to prevent short-circuiting of the stack.
  • the electrically insulating or dielectric layer may deposited directly onto the stack on top of which the metal layer may be deposited.
  • the insulating layer is preferably made of silica (SiO 2 ) or any other suitable oxide, since silica and most oxides are commonly impermeable for electrons contained by the stack, and hence are therefore ideally suitable to be applied as a electrically insulating layer.
  • silica is commonly substantially impermeable for water (H 2 O) and for (initially molecular) nitrogen (N 2 ).
  • H 2 O water
  • N 2 nitrogen
  • silica is less suitable to block (initially molecular) oxygen (O 2 ) to penetrate the stack.
  • ions, and in particularly relatively small ions, such as lithium ions, which are contained by the stack will commonly also be able to penetrate the silica layer.
  • At least one layer of the laminate is made of silicon nitride (S13N4). It has been found that silicon nitride is ideally suitable to block molecular oxygen and water, and moreover will act as an insulating layer. However, silicon nitride is commonly not suitable to block molecular nitrogen and relatively small ions, such as lithium ions, contained by the stack. Therefore the laminate of the protective packaging preferably comprises at least one metal layer, and a siliceous compound, such as silica or silicon nitride.
  • the laminate of the protective packaging comprises alternating layers, each layer of said alternating layers being made of at least one material chosen from the following group of materials: metals, polymers, and siliceous compounds.
  • alternating layers which may be applied in the laminate of the protective packaging is a so-called NONON-layer configuration consisting of silicon nitride (N) and of silica (O) layers deposited on top of each other in an alternating manner.
  • the laminate will commonly further also comprise a metal layer, which is - as aforementioned - commonly substantially impermeable both for atmospheric compounds and for migrating reactive species contained by the stack.
  • the electrochemical energy source is formed by at least one battery selected from the group consisting of alkaline batteries and alkaline earth batteries.
  • Alkaline (earth) storage batteries such as nickel- cadmium (NiCd), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), or lithium- ion (Li- ion) storage batteries are commonly highly reliable, have a satisfying performance, and are capable of being miniaturized. For these advantages, they are used both as the power sources of portable appliances and industrial power sources, depending on their size.
  • the at least one electrode of the energy source is adapted for storage of ions of at least one of following elements: hydrogen (H), lithium (Li), beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K), or any other suitable element which is assigned to group 1 or group 2 of the periodic table.
  • the electrochemical energy source of the energy system according to the invention may be based on various intercalation mechanisms and is therefore suitable to form different kinds of batteries, e.g. Li- ion batteries, NiMH batteries, et cetera.
  • the solid-state electrolyte applied in the energy source of the energy system according to the invention may be based either on ionic conducting mechanisms or nonelectronic conducting mechanisms, e.g.
  • Li conductors for H, Li, Be and Mg An example of a Li conductor as solid-state electrolyte is Lithium Phosphorus Oxynitride (LiPON).
  • LiPON Lithium Phosphorus Oxynitride
  • Other known solid-state electrolytes like e.g. Lithium Niobate (LiNbO 3 ), Lithium Tantalate (LiTaO 3 ), Lithium orthotungstate (Li 2 WO 4 ), Lithium Germanium Oxynitride (LiGeON), LisLa 3 Ta 2 Oi 2 (Garnet-type class), LiI 4 ZnGe 4 Oi 6 (lisicon), Li 3 N, beta-aluminas, or Lii. 3 Tii.7Alo.
  • the positive electrode for a lithium ion based energy source may be manufactured of metal-oxide based materials, e.g. LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMnO 2 or a combination of these such as. e.g. Li(NiCoMn)O 2 .
  • Examples of a second (positive) electrode in case of a proton based energy source are Ni(OH) 2 and NiM(OH) 2 , wherein M is formed by one or more elements selected from the group of e.g. Cd, Co, or Bi.
  • at least one electrode comprises at least one of the following materials: C, Sn, Ge, Pb, Zn, Bi, Sb, and, preferably doped, Si.
  • a combination of these materials may also be used to form the electrode(s).
  • n-type or p-type doped Si is used as electrode, or a doped Si-related compound, like SiGe or SiGeC.
  • any other suitable element which is assigned to one of groups 12-16 of the periodic table, provided that the material of the electrode is adapted for intercalation and storing of reactive species such as e.g. of those elements as mentioned in the previous paragraph.
  • these materials are preferably suitable to undergo an etching process to apply a pattern (holes, trenches, pillars, etc.) on the contact surface of the substrate to increase the contact surface per volume between both electrodes and the solid-state electrolyte.
  • this increase of the contact surface(s) between the components of the energy source according to the invention leads to an improved rate capacity of the energy source, and hence a better battery capacity (due to an optimal utilization of the volume of the layers of the energy source). In this way the power density and energy density in the energy source may be maximized and thus optimized.
  • the nature, shape, and dimensioning of the pattern may be arbitrary.
  • the stack preferably further comprises separate current collectors being electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode respectively. It is generally known to apply current collectors as electrode terminals.
  • a Li-ion battery with a LiCoO 2 electrode preferably an aluminum current collector is connected to the LiCoO 2 electrode.
  • a current collector manufactured of, preferably doped, semiconductor such as e.g. Si, GaAs, InP, as of a metal such as copper or nickel may be applied as current collector in general with solid-state energy sources according to the invention. More preferably, at least a part of each current collector is left uncovered by the protective packaging in order to enable a facilitated connection of the energy source according to the invention with an electronic module or device.
  • At least one of the current collectors is formed by a conductive substrate onto which the adjacent electrode is deposited.
  • the substrate(s) is/are made of at least one of the following materials: C, Si, Sn, Ti, Ge, Al, Cu, Ta, and Pb. A combination of these materials may also be used to form the substrate(s).
  • n-type or p-type doped Si is used as substrate, or a doped Si-related compound, like SiGe or SiGeC.
  • the conductive substrate and the adjacent electrode are separated by means of an electron-conductive barrier layer adapted to at least substantially preclude diffusion of intercalating ions into said conductive substrate.
  • This preferred embodiment is commonly very advantageous, since intercalating reactive species taking part of the (re)charge cycles of the energy system according to the invention often diffuse into the substrate, such that these reactive species do no longer participate in the (re)charge cycles, resulting in a reduced storage capacity of the electrochemical source.
  • a monocrystalline silicon conductive substrate is applied to carry electronic components, such as integrated circuit, chips, displays, et cetera.
  • This crystalline silicon substrate suffers from this drawback that the intercalating species diffuse relatively easily into said substrate, resulting in a reduced capacity of said energy source. For this reason it is considerably advantageous to apply a barrier layer onto said first substrate to preclude said unfavourable diffusion into the substrate.
  • the substrate is adapted for storage of the intercalating species.
  • the top layer will act as an intercalating layer adapted for temporary storage (and release) of species of for example lithium. Therefore, it is also possible to apply electron-conductive substrates other than silicon substrates, like substrates made of metals, conductive polymers, et cetera.
  • intercalating layer is at least substantially made of silicon, preferably doped amorphous silicon.
  • An amorphous silicon layer has an outstanding property to store (and release) relatively large amounts of intercalating ions per unit of volume, which results in an improved storage capacity of the electrochemical source according to the invention.
  • Said barrier layer is preferably at least substantially made of at least one of the following compounds: tantalum, tantalum nitride, and titanium nitride.
  • the material of the barrier layer is however not limited to these compounds. These compounds have as common property a relatively dense structure which is impermeable for the intercalating species, among which lithium (ions).
  • the electrochemical energy source according to the invention will commonly comprise a single stack, it is also conceivable that the electrochemical energy source comprises multiple stacks, wherein the stacks being mutually electrically coupled. In this manner the overall capacity of the energy source according to the invention can be increased significantly.
  • the multiple stacks may be enclosed by a single protective packaging.
  • the invention also relates to an electronic module provided with at least one energy system according to the invention.
  • the electronic module may be formed by an integrated circuit (IC), microchip, display, et cetera.
  • the combination of the electronic module and the energy system may be constructed in a monolithic or in non-monolithic way.
  • a barrier layer for ions is applied between the electronic module and the energy system, in particular the energy source thereof.
  • the electronic module and the energy source system are comprised by a System in Package (SiP).
  • the package is preferably non-conducting and comprises a container for the aforementioned combination. In this way an autonomous ready-to-use SiP may be provided in which besides the electronic module an energy system according to the invention is provided.
  • the invention further relates to an electronic device provided with at least one energy system according to the invention, or more preferably with an electronic module according to the invention.
  • An example of such an electric device is a shaver, wherein the electrochemical energy source may function for example as backup (or primary) power source.
  • Other applications which can be enhanced by providing a backup power supply comprising an energy system according to the invention are for example portable RF modules (like e.g. cell phones, radio modules, et cetera), sensors and actuators in (autonomous) micro systems, energy and light management systems, but also digital signal processors and autonomous devices for ambient intelligence. It may be clear this enumeration may certainly not being considered as being limitative.
  • an electric device wherein an energy source according to the invention may be incorporated is a so-called 'smart card' containing a microprocessor chip.
  • Current smart cards require a separate bulky card reader to display the information stored on the card's chip.
  • the smart-card may comprise for example a relatively tiny display screen on the card itself that allows users easy access to data, stored on the smart card.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross section of a first embodiment of a lithium ion battery according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section of a second embodiment of a lithium ion battery according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of a monolithic system in package according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a first embodiment of an energy system 1 according to the invention, and more in particularly of a lithium ion battery 1 according to the invention.
  • the battery 1 comprises a supporting conductive substrate 2 acting as current collector.
  • the substrate is made of doped silicon.
  • a lithium diffusion barrier layer 3 made of tantalum is deposited onto said substrate 2.
  • an anode 4 is deposited, said anode 4 being made of amorphous silicon (a-Si).
  • a solid-state electrolyte 5 is deposited onto the anode 4 (and onto a part of the substrate 2) followed by a cathode 6 and another current collector 7.
  • the cathode 6 preferably made of a metal-oxide, such as LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiNiO 2 , et cetera.
  • the current collector 7 on top of the cathode 6 is preferably made of aluminum.
  • Deposition of the individual layers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 can be achieved, for example, by means of CVD, sputtering, E-beam deposition or sol-gel deposition, as to form a stack 8 of layers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
  • a protective packaging 9 is applied around the stack 8, except that parts of the current collectors 2 are left uncovered by the protective packaging 9.
  • the protective packaging 9 acting as a seal is formed by a laminate 10 of a silica layer 11 deposited onto the stack 8, and a tantalum layer 12 deposited onto the silica layer 11.
  • the conductive tantalum layer 12 acts as a chemical barrier, since this layer 12 is substantially impermeable for both lithium ions and atmospheric compounds.
  • the intermediate electrically insulating silica layer 11 is applied.
  • silica has an overall resistivity in the range of 10 12 -10 16 ⁇ m.
  • the solid state electrolyte generally has an overall resistivity of about 10 8 ⁇ m. This value is largely dictated by the ionic conductivity of lithium ions in this compound rather than the electronic conductivity of this compound (which will be negligible). This considerable difference in resistivity will result in the fact that during operation of the battery 1 all charge will be transported in the form of lithium ions through the solid-state electrolyte 5. As the field across the silica layer 8 is negligible, there is no substantial driving force for the penetration of lithium ions into this layer 8.
  • the thickness of the silica layer 8 is preferably sufficiently thick (at least 50 nm) to prevent penetration of this layer 8 by lithium ions.
  • the metal layer 9 effectively blocks lithium ions and prevents loss of these ions.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a second embodiment of a lithium ion battery 13 according to the invention.
  • the battery 13 is constructively partially similar to the battery 1 as shown in figure 1.
  • the battery 13 shown in figure 2 namely also discloses a first current collector 14 on top of which successively a lithium diffusion barrier layer 15, an anode 16, a solid-state electrolyte 17, a cathode 18, and a second current collector 19 are deposited by means of known deposition techniques.
  • a protective casing 20 comprising a laminate 21 of a silica layer 22, and a metal layer 23 deposited on top of said silica layer 22.
  • a protective casing 20 comprising a laminate 21 of a silica layer 22, and a metal layer 23 deposited on top of said silica layer 22.
  • the laminate 21 of the battery 13 as shown in figure 2 further comprises multiple silica layers 24 and silicon nitride layers 25 in an alternating configuration. In this manner pinhole formation in the protective casing 20 can be prevented in an effective manner.
  • the alternative layers 24, 25 each have a thickness of at least 50 nm to achieve a pinhole free casing 20.
  • a lithium ion blocking metal layer is considered to be needed in this battery 13, since lithium is able penetrate into the silicon nitride layers 25.
  • the first alternating layer deposited on top of the metal layer 23 can be either be formed by a silica layer 24 or a silicon nitride layer 25.
  • alternating layers of the laminate 21 may also be formed by silica/metal layers, silicon nitride/metal layer and/or metal nitride/metal layers instead of silica/silicon nitride layers.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of a monolithic system in package (SiP) 26 according to the invention.
  • the SiP comprises an electronic module or device 27 and an electrochemical energy source 28 according to the invention coupled thereto.
  • the electronic module or device 27 and the energy source 28 are separated by a barrier layer 29. Both the electronic module or device 27 and the energy source 28 are mounted and/or based on the same monolithic substrate (not shown).
  • the construction of the energy source 28 may be similar to the construction of one of the batteries 1, 13 as shown in figure 1 and 2.
  • the electronic module or device 27 can for example be formed by a display, a chip, a control unit, et cetera. In this way numerous autonomous (ready-to-use) devices can be realized in a relatively simple manner.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une source d'énergie électrochimique comprenant au moins une pile constituée: d'une première électrode, d'un électrolyte à composants solides disposé sur ladite première électrode, et d'une seconde électrode disposée sur ledit électrolyte à composants solides. L'invention concerne également un module électronique et un dispositif électronique équipés d'une telle source d'énergie électrochimique.
PCT/IB2007/052577 2006-07-03 2007-07-03 Source d'énergie électrochimique, module électronique et dispositif électronique équipés de ladite source d'énergie électrochimique Ceased WO2008004180A2 (fr)

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EP06116512 2006-07-03
EP06116512.2 2006-07-03

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WO2008004180A2 true WO2008004180A2 (fr) 2008-01-10
WO2008004180A3 WO2008004180A3 (fr) 2008-03-13

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PCT/IB2007/052577 Ceased WO2008004180A2 (fr) 2006-07-03 2007-07-03 Source d'énergie électrochimique, module électronique et dispositif électronique équipés de ladite source d'énergie électrochimique

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2023508068A (ja) * 2019-12-24 2023-02-28 アイ テン 改良された封止および電気伝導手段を含む、寿命が改善された電気化学電池装置、ならびにその製造方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6866901B2 (en) * 1999-10-25 2005-03-15 Vitex Systems, Inc. Method for edge sealing barrier films
US20020071989A1 (en) * 2000-12-08 2002-06-13 Verma Surrenda K. Packaging systems and methods for thin film solid state batteries
FR2862436B1 (fr) * 2003-11-14 2006-02-10 Commissariat Energie Atomique Micro-batterie au lithium munie d'une enveloppe de protection et procede de fabrication d'une telle micro-batterie

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2023508068A (ja) * 2019-12-24 2023-02-28 アイ テン 改良された封止および電気伝導手段を含む、寿命が改善された電気化学電池装置、ならびにその製造方法
JP7672412B2 (ja) 2019-12-24 2025-05-07 アイ テン 改良された封止および電気伝導手段を含む、寿命が改善された電気化学電池装置、ならびにその製造方法

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