WO2008003907A2 - Appareil d' injection d' un jet de fluide de direction et/ou ouverture variable - Google Patents
Appareil d' injection d' un jet de fluide de direction et/ou ouverture variable Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008003907A2 WO2008003907A2 PCT/FR2007/051597 FR2007051597W WO2008003907A2 WO 2008003907 A2 WO2008003907 A2 WO 2008003907A2 FR 2007051597 W FR2007051597 W FR 2007051597W WO 2008003907 A2 WO2008003907 A2 WO 2008003907A2
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- Prior art keywords
- jet
- opening
- primary
- axis
- passage
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details
- F23D14/84—Flame spreading or otherwise shaping
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/0318—Processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
- Y10T137/87571—Multiple inlet with single outlet
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an injection apparatus for varying the direction and / or the opening of a jet of fluid, for example a jet of air or oxygen, nitrogen, gaseous fuel or liquid or solid fuel with a gas, said jet of fluid resulting from an interaction between a primary fluid jet and at least one secondary fluid jet.
- a jet of fluid for example a jet of air or oxygen, nitrogen, gaseous fuel or liquid or solid fuel with a gas
- the invention relates in particular to such an injection lance.
- the invention also relates to the use of said injection apparatus for varying the direction and / or the opening of a jet of fluid, for example in contact with a surface and in particular above a load. It also relates to an injection method in which the direction and / or the opening of at least one fluid jet is varied.
- the object of the invention is to allow a large variation in the direction and / or the opening of a jet of fluid without having to interrupt the operation of the injector.
- the invention also aims to allow such variation with an optimized robust device.
- the invention proposes to control a primary fluid jet (also called main jet) by interaction with at least one other jet of fluid (called secondary jet or actuator), the interaction between the jets occurring inside the passage delivering the primary jet (constant or variable section pipe, etc.) before said primary jet opens out of said passage, possibly close to the place where the primary jet opens out of said passage (hereinafter called 'main exit opening').
- the invention thus relates to an apparatus for injecting a jet of fluid resulting from an interaction between a primary jet and at least one secondary jet, said apparatus making it possible to vary the direction and / or the opening of said resulting jet. .
- the injection apparatus has a passage for bringing the primary jet to the main outlet opening. It also comprises at least one secondary pipe for injecting a secondary jet, this secondary pipe leading to the passage of the primary jet through a secondary opening located upstream of the main opening.
- the arrangement between the passage bringing the primary jet and the secondary line defines the point of interaction between the primary jet and the secondary jet leaving this secondary line (hereinafter referred to as the corresponding secondary jet).
- the apparatus comprises at least one secondary pipe positioned with respect to the passage so that at the point of interaction between the corresponding secondary jet and the primary jet, the angle ⁇ between the axis of the corresponding secondary jet and the plane perpendicular to the axis of the primary jet is greater than or equal to 0 ° and less than 90 °, preferably 0 ° to 80 ° and more preferably 0 ° to 45 °.
- the secondary opening or openings which are located upstream of the main outlet opening, are spaced from said main opening by a distance L less than or equal to ten times the square root of the section s of the main opening.
- the distance L is preferably less than or equal to 5 times this square root and more preferably still less than or equal to 3 times this square root.
- the at least one secondary jet interacts with the primary jet to generate a resultant jet.
- the apparatus is provided with means for controlling the pulse of the at least one secondary jet.
- the invention thus makes it possible to vary the direction and / or the opening of the resulting jet by modifying the pulse of at least one secondary jet with said means.
- the means for controlling the pulse of the at least one secondary jet are means for controlling the ratio between the pulse of the secondary jet and the pulse of the primary jet.
- the invention thus makes it possible to achieve a large variation in direction and / or opening of a jet without resorting to mechanical means, potential sources of malfunction, particularly in hostile environments, such as high temperature fireplaces.
- the control means allow in particular an active or dynamic control of the pulse of the at least one secondary jet, that is to say, they make it possible to vary the pulse or pulses without interrupting the injection of the main jet.
- the apparatus according to the invention thus allows an equally dynamic variation of the direction and / or the opening of the resulting jet.
- the number of secondary jets interacting with the primary jet to achieve the desired effect on the resulting jet will be minimized so as to limit the complexity and cost of manufacturing the apparatus but also the complexity and cost of the system. supply and regulation of fluid flow rates when piloting secondary jets independently. For example, a mono-directional effect can be achieved with a single secondary jet.
- the direction of a jet is defined as a unit vector normal to the fluid passage section and oriented in the direction of flow, that is, from upstream to downstream).
- the "thickness e" means the dimension of the secondary pipe in the direction of flow of the primary jet (according to the arrow in figure 1). In the particular case of this FIG. 1, e therefore represents the diameter of the secondary pipe 21 at the level of the secondary opening 31 since this secondary pipe 21 is cylindrical in this example.
- the "opening" of a jet designates, for a jet emerging from a cylindrical passage such as 10 in FIG. 1, the angle between the longitudinal axis of the passage and the generatrix on the surface of the jet leaving the passage. .
- the generator In the absence of interaction with a secondary jet the generator is inclined by about 15 ° with respect to this axis, this inclination being able to reach 70 ° and more according to the invention (see FIG. 6A).
- the term “opening” will refer to the angle between the direction of flow in the passage, when it has no circular section, and the generator.
- Figure 1 block diagram of an apparatus according to the invention for the control of a flow by interaction of jets.
- Figure 2 Control of an apparatus according to the invention mounted on a fireplace.
- Figures 3A and B apparatus for controlling the direction of the resulting jet
- Figure 3A being a cross section
- Figure 3B a longitudinal section of an apparatus having four secondary jets disposed respectively at 90 ° from each other and from in incidence perpendicular to the direction of the primary jet.
- FIGS. 3C, D and E use of a pellet to transform a jet nozzle with primary and secondary jets parallel to a device according to the invention.
- Figure 4A and B longitudinal and transverse section of an apparatus allowing the control of the opening of a resulting jet.
- Figure 7 Graph illustrating the effect of primary and secondary flows on the resulting jet deflection.
- Figure 8 Graph illustrating the effect of jet pulse ratio on the resulting jet opening.
- Figure 1 is shown a block diagram of the method of controlling a jet according to the invention.
- the primary jet to be controlled is fed through the passage 10 and comes to interact with the secondary jet coming from the secondary pipe 21 so as to create a jet resulting in 1 different direction and / or opening of the jet emerging from the main opening of the exit 11 in the absence of secondary jet.
- the apparatus comprises a passage 10 which makes it possible to bring the primary jet towards a main outlet opening 11.
- At least one secondary pipe 21 for injecting a secondary jet opens onto the passage 10 through a secondary opening 31.
- the distance L makes it possible to influence the impact of the secondary jets on the primary jet with identical respective pulses. For example, to maximize the directional effect, we will try to minimize this distance.
- L is less than or equal to 20 cm, more preferably less than or equal to 10 cm.
- the apparatus comprises means for controlling the pulse of the secondary jets.
- These means can advantageously be chosen from mass flow control devices, pressure drop control, passage section control, but also temperature control devices, control of the chemical composition of the fluid or pressure control.
- control means are preferably means for controlling the ratio between the pulse of the secondary jet and the pulse of the primary jet.
- the control means enable to activate and deactivate one or more secondary jets (flow or no flow of the secondary jet concerned) so as to dynamically vary the direction and / or the opening of the resulting jet.
- the control means preferably also dynamically increase and decrease the (non-zero) pulse of one or more secondary jets or increase and decrease the ratio between the pulse of a secondary jet and the impulse of the primary jet.
- the apparatus may comprise a block of material 5, such as a block of refractory material, in which at least a portion of the passage 10 is located, the main outlet opening 11 being located on one of the faces or surfaces of the block: front face 6.
- a block of material 5 such as a block of refractory material
- the secondary jet is conveyed by a secondary pipe 21 which passes through the block 5, the secondary jet preferably opening substantially perpendicular to the primary jet.
- the interaction between the primary jet and the secondary jet takes place at a distance L from the front face 6 of the block from which the passage 10 of the primary jet opens, this distance L being able to vary as indicated above.
- the apparatus comprises at least one secondary line 321, 322, 323 and 324 which is positioned by relative to the passage 310 of the primary jet such that at the corresponding secondary opening 331, 332, 333 and 334 (that is to say the secondary opening by which the secondary pipe in question leads to the passage ), the axis of the primary jet and the axis of the corresponding secondary jet are secant or quasi-secant.
- Such an arrangement between the passage and the secondary pipe makes it possible to vary the angle between the axis of the resulting fluid jet (downstream of the corresponding secondary opening) and the axis of the primary jet upstream of this secondary opening. changing the pulse of at least one corresponding secondary jet.
- the apparatus preferably comprises at least two secondary lines which are positioned with respect to the passage 310 so that, on the one hand, the two corresponding secondary openings are located on the same cross section of the passage 310 and that, on the other hand, at these two secondary openings, the axes of the corresponding secondary jets are intersecting or quasi-intersecting with the axis of the primary jet.
- the two corresponding secondary openings may, in a useful manner, be located on either side of the axis of the primary jet (right and left for the openings 331 and 333, at the bottom and at the top for the openings 332 and 334), the two secondary openings and the axis of the primary jet being preferably located in a single plane (horizontal for the openings 331 and 333, vertical for the openings 332 and 334).
- the plane defined by the axis of the primary jet and one of the two corresponding secondary openings is perpendicular to the plane defined by the axis of the primary jet and the other of the two corresponding openings.
- the horizontal plane defined by the axis of the passage 310 and the secondary opening 331 is perpendicular to the vertical plane defined by this axis and the secondary opening 332.
- the apparatus comprises at least four secondary lines 321, 322, 323 and 324 which are positioned relative to the passage 310 in such a way that: (1) the four corresponding secondary openings 331, 332, 333, 334 are located on the same cross section of the passage 310, and
- two of these corresponding secondary openings 331 and 333 define a first plane with the axis of the primary jet and are located on either side of this axis, the two other secondary openings 332 and 334 defining a second plane with the axis of the primary jet, the first plane preferably being perpendicular to the second plane.
- This arrangement makes it possible to vary the angle between the axis of the resulting fluid jet and the axis of the primary jet according to the first and second plane (for example in the horizontal plane and in the vertical plane) and to the choice towards one or the other of the two secondary openings in each plane (for example, to the left and to the right along the horizontal plane, and upwards and downwards in the vertical plane) and, as explained below, above, towards any intermediate direction.
- the axes of the four corresponding secondary jets are preferably located in the same plane perpendicular to the axis of the primary jet 310.
- the invention also allows interaction between the primary jet and one or more secondary jets so as to generate, maintain or enhance a rotation of the resulting fluid jet about its axis. Such an interaction makes it possible to vary the opening of the resulting jet.
- the apparatus may be provided with at least one secondary pipe 421 to 424 which is positioned with respect to the passage 410 of the primary jet in such a way that at the level of the opening corresponding secondary jet 431 to 434, the axis of the corresponding secondary jet 421 to 424 is not coplanar or substantially coplanar with the axis of the primary jet 410, this at least one secondary line 421 to 424 opening preferably tangentially on the passage 410 of the primary jet. In this way, the interaction between the primary jet and the secondary jet gives the primary jet a rotational pulse.
- the apparatus may advantageously comprise two secondary lines 421 and 422 positioned with respect to the passage 410 of the primary jet such that at the two corresponding secondary openings 431, 432, the axes of the two corresponding secondary jets 421 and 422 are not coplanar with the axis of the primary jet 410, the two secondary jets being oriented in the same direction of rotation about the axis of the primary jet.
- the two secondary jets thus contribute to the rotational pulse imparted to the primary jet.
- the two secondary openings are advantageously located on the same cross section of the passage 410 - in the same plane perpendicular to the axis of the primary jet. They may be located on either side of the axis of the primary jet (openings 421 and 423 or 422 and 424).
- the apparatus comprises at least four secondary lines 421 to 424 which are positioned relative to the passage 410 of the primary jet so that at the corresponding secondary openings 431 to 434, the axes of the Corresponding secondary jets are not substantially coplanar with the axis of the primary jet.
- Two of the corresponding secondary openings 431 and 433 are substantially coplanar with the axis of the primary jet 410 in a first plane and located on either side of the axis of the primary jet.
- the two other corresponding secondary openings 432 and 434 are substantially coplanar with the axis of the primary jet 410 in a second plane and also located on either side of the primary axis, the four corresponding secondary jets being oriented in the same direction of rotation around the axis of the primary jet.
- the first and the second plane can in particular be perpendicular one by report to the other. It is also preferable that the four corresponding secondary openings are on the same cross section of the passage 410.
- the axis of the secondary jet belongs to the plane perpendicular at this location to the axis of the primary jet, and secondly, the angle between the axis of the secondary jet and the tangent to the secondary opening (or more exactly at the imaginary surface of the passage of the primary jet at the level of the secondary opening) in this plane is between 0 and 90 °, preferably between 0 and 45 °.
- Figures 4a and b show an embodiment with secondary jets for controlling the opening of a resulting jet.
- the primary jet (which flows from the left to the right in the passage 410 in Figure 4a) meets the secondary jets from the secondary lines 421, 422, 423 and 424 (shown in Figure 4b which is a cross section on plan AA of figure 4a).
- These secondary jets impact the primary jet tangentially to the passage 410, thus allowing, according to the pulses of these different jets, "to open” more or less the resulting jet.
- This opening effect is essentially due to the fact that the secondary jets and the primary jet have axes that do not intersect, although the jets have physical interaction with each other. This causes a rotation of the resulting jet on its axis. It is also possible to combine in a single apparatus the embodiment for varying the direction of the resultant jet according to any of the embodiments described above with any of the embodiments described above. above to generate, maintain or enhance a rotation of the resulting jet and thus to vary its
- the apparatus according to the invention may comprise at least one secondary pipe 21 positioned relative to the passage 10 of the primary jet so that at the corresponding secondary opening 31, this pipe has a thickness e and a height I, such that I> 0.5xe and preferably: 0.5xe ⁇ I ⁇ 5.0xe (see Figure 1).
- a minimum height greater than or equal to 0.5xe makes it possible to achieve an optimized interaction between the corresponding secondary jet and the primary jet.
- the secondary pipe has a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis of the primary jet over a length I which will preferably be between 0.5 and 5 times the thickness e (dimension in the direction of the flow of the main fluid) e of said pipe (e is the diameter of the pipe when it is cylindrical).
- this length I is greater than 5e, but this does not bring any additional effect of significant impact of the secondary jet on the primary jet.
- the passage of the primary jet may consist, in whole or for at least part of it, in a primary pipe for the injection of the primary jet.
- This primary pipe opens on a primary opening 309 (see Figure 3c). This primary opening may coincide with the main outlet opening of the passage.
- FIG. 3c represents an alternative embodiment similar to FIG. 3B, with however an embodiment in which two parallel channels (primary duct 308 and secondary duct 324) are arranged in a nozzle 345, the two ducts 308 and 324 opening on the front face of the nozzle.
- pellet 342 which directs the secondary jet of the secondary pipe 324 to the primary jet leaving the primary pipe 308, and more particularly perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the primary jet, so as to obtain a resulting jet, for example in the direction indicated by the arrow 344 in Figure 3c.
- the direction 344 of the resulting jet will depend on the ratio of the pulses of the primary and secondary jets.
- 3d is an exploded view of the nozzle 345 on which the pellet 342 is fixed (by means not shown in this figure), in the form here of a hollow lateral cylindrical portion 350 which will come to rest on the end of the nozzle 345, while the opening 346 in the pellet is positioned where opens the primary pipe 308.
- FIG. 3e represents the bottom (inside) of this pellet 342 whose inner face 349 comprises a cavity 347 in which the secondary jet coming from the secondary pipe 324 will be distributed and then come to meet substantially perpendicularly the primary jet coming from the primary pipe 308 through the slot 348 above the main outlet opening 346.
- the resulting jet 344 ( Figure 3c) out of this opening 346 will thus be deflected downwards (with respect to Figures 3c, d and e ).
- the passage of the primary jet will have at the level of the at least one secondary opening a fluid passage unobstructed or at least substantially unobstructed in the extension of the at least one corresponding secondary channel, in order to allow effective interaction between the at least one corresponding secondary jet and the primary jet.
- the cross section of the passage of the primary jet will define an unobstructed or at least substantially unobstructed fluid passage at the at least one secondary opening.
- the invention also relates to the use of the apparatus for varying the direction and / or the opening of a jet of fluid, for example a jet of fluid comprising oxygen and / or argon and / or carbon dioxide and / or hydrogen.
- a jet of fluid comprising oxygen and / or argon and / or carbon dioxide and / or hydrogen.
- Another possibility is the use of the apparatus to vary the direction and / or the opening of a jet of fluid comprising a fuel and / or an oxidant injected into a combustion zone.
- the resulting jet whose direction and / or opening is thus varied can be a supercritical fluid jet.
- the jet is typically a gaseous jet, however the gaseous jet may comprise atomized liquid and / or solid particles, such as sprayed solids.
- the invention also relates to an injection method in which the apparatus according to the invention is used for injecting a jet of fluid resulting from an interaction between a primary jet and at least one secondary jet and in which the dynamic direction and / or opening of the resulting jet by varying the pulse of at least one secondary jet or by varying the ratio between the pulse of at least one secondary jet and the pulse of the primary jet .
- the invention thus relates to a method for dynamically or actively controlling the performance of a fluid injection system using one or more secondary jets (also called actuator jets), which impact the primary jet in order to modify the flow of the primary jet and produce a resulting jet whose direction and / or opening can be modified according to the characteristics (including direction and momentum) of the primary and / or secondary jets.
- This method can be used to regulate in a loop Closed or open loop performance of a combustion system or more generally of industrial processes implementing injections of fluid jets (liquid, gaseous or solid dispersion).
- FIG. 2 represents a method of regulating the performance of an apparatus according to the invention 210, such as an injection lance, mounted on a hearth 212.
- the sensors 214, 216 and 217 respectively measure quantities characterizing the products of combustion, the operating conditions of the combustion or combustion chamber and the operation of the apparatus or the lance. These measurements are transmitted using lines 218, 219 and 220 to the controller 215. The latter as a function of instructions given for these characteristic quantities determines the operating parameters of the secondary jets so as to maintain the characteristic quantities at their nominal values. and transmits with the aid of the line 221 these parameters to the control organs of the apparatus / lance.
- the apparatus advantageously comprises means for controlling the pulses of the secondary jet or jets, preferably means for controlling the ratio of the pulses of the primary jet and the secondary jet (s).
- This ratio is a function of the ratio of the primary jet passage section and the secondary pipe sections, the ratio of the flows in the secondary pipes to the resulting jet flow and the ratio of the fluid densities of the primary jet and the one or more secondary jets. (In the following paragraphs, when considering the variation of one of these ratios, the other two are considered constant.)
- a ratio of sections of between 5 and 50, more preferably between 15 and 30, will preferably be chosen.
- the ratio of the flow rate of the set of secondary jets to the total flow rate of the resulting jet will typically vary between 0 (no secondary jets) and 0.5 and preferably between 0 and 0.3; more preferably between 0 and 0.15; knowing that the higher the flow ratio, the greater the deviation and / or the opening of the resulting jet.
- the ratio of the density of each fluid constituting the secondary jets to the density of the fluid of the primary jet makes it possible to control the impact of the secondary jets.
- the lower the value of this ratio the greater the effect of the secondary jet on the primary jet, at constant flow.
- the same fluid will often be used in the secondary jets and in the primary jet (ratio equal to unity).
- a fluid of lower density will be used than that of the fluid in the primary jet.
- the nature of the fluid in the secondary jets will be chosen according to the intended application.
- the ratio of densities (or densities) of the densest fluid to the least dense fluid can vary between 1 and 20, preferably between 1 and 10, more preferably between 1 and 5.
- Geometry the section of the passage of the primary jet and / or secondary pipes may be of various shapes and in particular circular, square, rectangular, triangular, oblong, multi-lobes, etc.
- a jet output of a triangular shaped injector will be more unstable than that from a circular injector, this instability promoting the mixing of the resulting jet with the surrounding medium.
- an oblong injector will favor in a field near the injector the non-symmetrical development of the jet unlike a circular or square injector.
- the physicochemical properties of the fluid used to make the secondary streams they may be chosen to control certain properties of the resulting flow. For example, the reactivity of a mixture of main jet fuel (eg natural gas), oxidant (eg air) by use of oxygen (or other oxidant), and / or hydrogen ( or other fuel).
- the apparatus is a lance (for example, for injecting an oxidant such as oxygen into a combustion zone) whose jet has a direction and / or a variable opening.
- a lance may also be used to inject fuel, liquid and / or gaseous and / or solid in a combustion zone, for example a pulverized coal lance (gas such as air that propels solid powder such as coal).
- the present invention thus also relates to a method for heating in which such a lance is used to inject a jet of fuel and / or oxidant opening and / or variable direction in a combustion zone.
- a nozzle comprising a convergent / divergent (also called a Laval nozzle in the literature)
- a jet of primary fluid and a resulting jet for example an oxygen jet, supersonic which may then be of variable direction (possibly of variable opening but generally losing its supersonic velocity, which makes it possible to alternate the subsonic and supersonic speeds in certain processes).
- the Laval nozzle can also be disposed on the resulting jet before the main exit opening.
- At least two secondary jets are used, so as to obtain a variation of the direction of the jet resulting in at least two secant planes in order to scan at least a part of a surface, such as the surface of a charge.
- a secondary jet whose axis is not secant or quasi-secant with the axis of the primary jet, the opening of the resulting jet above the load can be varied, alone or in combination with a scan.
- Means for controlling the momentum of the primary jet and / or the at least one secondary jet are preferably provided.
- FIG. 5 illustrates how the invention makes it possible to vary two resulting principal jets and their interaction.
- One possible application is to vary a fuel jet and an oxidizer jet in a fireplace to modify the characteristics of the flame.
- FIG. 5a shows a main jet of fuel 61 surmounted by a main jet of oxidant 62, in the situation where none of these jets is controlled by an interaction with one or more secondary jets.
- FIG. 5b shows these same jets but in a situation where they are controlled or deflected in opposition (jets convergent).
- the jet 60 is deflected downwards by the secondary jet 62 while the jet 61 is deflected upwards by the secondary jet 63, directed from below upwards (unlike 61).
- FIG. 5c shows these same main jets in a situation where the jets are controlled or deflected in the same direction (upwards in the figure): the secondary jets 63 and 65 act from bottom to top respectively on the main jets 61 and 60 resulting in resultant jets both directed upwards.
- the flame 64 will be very wide in the median horizontal plane of the injectors, while the flame 67 will be sharply deflected upwards.
- the axis of the secondary jet makes with the plane perpendicular to the axis of the primary jet an angle which is less than 90 °, and preferably equal to at 0 °.
- the channels feeding these jets are most often substantially parallel.
- injection pad an end piece hereinafter called injection pad whose function is to transform the direction of the secondary jet initially parallel to the primary jet, a secondary jet impinging the primary jet, the axis of said secondary jet being preferably located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the primary jet.
- the first solution (FIG. 9) consists in placing the device 500 in a refractory part 501 whose geometry and the relative position of the apparatus / quarlet will protect the first one. too much radiation.
- the position or removal of the device in the quarl must be sufficient to protect it from radiation but must not limit the directional amplitude of the injected jet. For this, we can change the geometry of the quarl eliminating a portion thereof along the line 160 dashed in Figure 9 according to the angle ⁇ .
- the ratio ⁇ A will be in the range 0.3 to 3, while
- the angle ⁇ will belong to the interval [0 °, 60 °].
- the second solution is to bring a refractory sleeve-type directly on the nose of the device (where is the main outlet opening) as shown in Figure 10.
- This solution eliminates the presence of a quarryman with complex geometry.
- the dimensions of the sleeve are such that it does not limit the directional amplitude of the injector. This means in particular that the thickness f of the sleeve is small (less than the diameter of the main jet) or that the material used to make this sleeve with a very low thermal conductivity. For example, alumina will be chosen.
- FIGS. 6A and B represent the opening angle of the resulting jet as a function of the ratio of the flow rate of the secondary jets (actuators) to the flow rate of the primary jet (main jet).
- the curves C1 and C2 respectively represent the opening angle of the resulting jet as a function of the ratio of the actuator / main jet flows.
- C & concerns a configuration CONF1 in which the actuators are perpendicular to the main jet and open at a distance h from the main outlet opening and C2 corresponds to a configuration identical to CONF1, but with a distance of 2xh instead of h between the secondary openings and the main outlet opening.
- FIG. 6b also illustrates the variations in the opening angle of the resulting jet as a function of the ratio of the flow rates of the actuators and the main jet: the curve C3 corresponds to the configuration CONF3 with actuators impacting the main jet at 90 ° (FIG.
- Figure 7 shows the angle of deflection (in degrees) as a function of the ratio of the flow of the actuator jets and the flow rate of the main jet, expressed as a percentage.
- the flow rate of the main jet is respectively 200 ⁇ m, 150 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m. Note that these four curves are almost identical, which shows that the deviation of the main jet is not a function of flow.
- Figure 8 shows a curve of the opening angle of the resulting jet as a function of the jets pulse ratio. This curve reports all the experimental data obtained for controlling the opening of a jet.
- the measured aperture angle is plotted against the physical parameter J which is the ratio of the specific pulses of the actuator jets and the main jet. This ratio is written as the product of the ratio of the densities (fluid actuator on main fluid) and the ratio of the square of the speed of the actuator jets and the square of the speed of the main jet).
- the main fluid is the same for all the experiments, while different fluids have been used for the actuators. These fluids differ mainly in their density (from the density of the largest to the lowest: CO2, Air, Air Helium mixture).
- the invention also relates to the use of a device / lance according to the invention for injecting a resulting fluid jet whose opening and / or direction are variable, said resulting jet may for example comprise oxygen and / or nitrogen and / or argon and / or carbon dioxide and / or hydrogen.
- the resulting jet may in particular be a gaseous jet, or a gaseous jet comprising an atomized liquid and / or solid particles entrained by gas.
- the apparatus may in particular be used for injecting a jet of fluid comprising a fuel and / or an oxidant, for example to supply combustion in an oven.
- the invention is particularly useful for injecting a supercritical or supersonic fluid jet.
- the invention can also be applied to food or industrial cryogenic appliances in which jets of cryogenic liquid (for example liquid nitrogen) are injected, each jet being able, by virtue of the invention and the use of one or more several actuator jets, sweep a surface (for example "water” an entire surface of products to be frozen by means of a single variable jet nozzle (direction - shape)) etc.)
- cryogenic liquid for example liquid nitrogen
- the method and technology of the present invention can be used for injection of, for example, nitrogen to inert certain reactors or processes.
- a combination of injectors with variable direction or rotation (jet opening) makes it possible to homogenize the atmosphere of a reactor more rapidly, for example by increasing its entrainment in the jets of inert gas, favoring Nitrogen supply to sensitive areas through directional effects.
- the invention can also be applied to the filling of gas cylinders under pressure: the use of composite materials for storage under pressure, for example hydrogen, in tanks of low weight, limits the filling rate due to risk of hot spots.
- the flow inside the bottle is organized in a jet along the axis of the bottle with a relaxation at the inlet of the bottle, then a downstream zone (Bottle Bottom) where the gases slow down and are compressed ( therefore heat up) and two recirculation zones on each side where the hot gases are drawn along the walls before being driven into the central jet.
- the use of a variable opening injection during the filling of the bottle to reverse the latter situation.
- the injection of a jet with a very large rotational effect makes it possible to generate a flow inside the bottle where the cold gases cooled by the expansion at the bottle inlet will run along the walls of the bottle before being tablets when they arrive at the bottom of the bottle and return to the center of the latter along the axis of the latter.
- the alternation of these two situations during filling makes it possible to limit the temperature of the bottle and to remain in a temperature range without risk, including for high filling speeds.
- Another application of the invention is gaseous quenching: the directional capacity of the injectors according to the invention makes it possible to homogenise the temperature in parts of complex shape and of high thermal resistance.
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
- Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
- Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
- Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
- Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07823551A EP2041491A2 (fr) | 2006-07-06 | 2007-07-05 | Appareil d'injection d'un jet de fluide de direction et/ou ouverture variable |
| JP2009517361A JP2009543011A (ja) | 2006-07-06 | 2007-07-05 | 方向及び/又は軸角度が可変な流体のジェットを噴射する方法及び装置 |
| US12/307,732 US20100032020A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 | 2007-07-05 | Method and Apparatus for Injecting a Jet of Fluid with a Variable Direction and/or Opening |
| CN2007800256158A CN101484751B (zh) | 2006-07-06 | 2007-07-05 | 以可变方向和/或张角喷射流体射流的方法和设备 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0652845 | 2006-07-06 | ||
| FR0652845A FR2903325B1 (fr) | 2006-07-06 | 2006-07-06 | Procede et appareil d'injection d'un jet de fluide de direction et/ou d'ouverture variable |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008003907A2 true WO2008003907A2 (fr) | 2008-01-10 |
| WO2008003907A3 WO2008003907A3 (fr) | 2008-04-24 |
Family
ID=37744172
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2007/051597 Ceased WO2008003907A2 (fr) | 2006-07-06 | 2007-07-05 | Appareil d' injection d' un jet de fluide de direction et/ou ouverture variable |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20100032020A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2041491A2 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2009543011A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN101484751B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2903325B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2008003907A2 (fr) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2080973A1 (fr) | 2008-01-10 | 2009-07-22 | L'AIR LIQUIDE, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Fours rotatifs |
| WO2011066553A1 (fr) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-03 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Lances dynamiques utilisant des techniques fluidiques |
| US8242055B2 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2012-08-14 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Herbicidally and insecticidally active phenyl-substituted pyridazinones |
| US8323558B2 (en) | 2009-11-30 | 2012-12-04 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Dynamic control of lance utilizing counterflow fluidic techniques |
| CN116034169A (zh) * | 2020-09-15 | 2023-04-28 | 安赛乐米塔尔公司 | 向竖炉中注射还原性气体的装置 |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2926296B1 (fr) * | 2008-01-10 | 2011-01-07 | Air Liquide | Four verrier et procede de fabrication de verre. |
| US20110127701A1 (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-02 | Grant Michael G K | Dynamic control of lance utilizing co-flow fluidic techniques |
| JP5525855B2 (ja) * | 2010-02-19 | 2014-06-18 | ダイニチ工業株式会社 | 燃焼装置 |
| US10107494B2 (en) | 2014-04-22 | 2018-10-23 | Universal City Studios Llc | System and method for generating flame effect |
| CN104911792B (zh) * | 2015-05-08 | 2016-04-13 | 浙江省长兴丝绸有限公司 | 一种三角型喷嘴转换装置 |
| JP6756683B2 (ja) * | 2017-08-30 | 2020-09-16 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | 酸素富化バーナ及び酸素富化バーナを用いた加熱方法 |
| CN110038750A (zh) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-07-23 | 广东万丰摩轮有限公司 | 一种车轮涂装装置 |
| JP2021167461A (ja) * | 2020-04-13 | 2021-10-21 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 酸化鉱石の製錬方法 |
| BR112023002739A2 (pt) * | 2020-09-15 | 2023-03-21 | Arcelormittal | Dispositivo |
| CN113909492B (zh) * | 2021-09-24 | 2022-08-16 | 西北工业大学 | 一种带小回流区的金属微滴喷射装置 |
| CN116499700B (zh) * | 2023-06-26 | 2023-09-01 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | 一种风洞主引射压力分段控制方法及系统 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1952236A (en) * | 1931-05-15 | 1934-03-27 | Walter H Clawson | Fuel oil burner |
| GB2175684B (en) * | 1985-04-26 | 1989-12-28 | Nippon Kokan Kk | Burner |
| JPS6233214A (ja) * | 1985-08-07 | 1987-02-13 | Hitachi Ltd | 石炭水スラリアトマイザ |
| GB8720468D0 (en) * | 1987-08-29 | 1987-10-07 | Boc Group Plc | Flame treatment method |
| US5242110A (en) * | 1991-12-02 | 1993-09-07 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Method for changing the direction of an atomized flow |
| DE69623048T2 (de) * | 1996-05-17 | 2003-04-30 | Xothermic, Inc. | Brenner |
| DE10009573B4 (de) * | 2000-02-29 | 2006-01-26 | Mabo Steuerungselemente Vertriebs-Gmbh | Düseneinrichtung, insbesondere angeordnet in sanitären Wasserbecken und Behältern |
| JP3703695B2 (ja) * | 2000-08-14 | 2005-10-05 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | 超臨界水用ノズル、該超臨界水用ノズルを使用する清浄な水の製造方法及び超臨界水反応装置 |
| SE525924C2 (sv) * | 2003-09-25 | 2005-05-24 | Gas Turbine Efficiency Ab | Munstycke samt metod för rengöring av gasturbinkompressorer |
| JP4242247B2 (ja) * | 2003-10-07 | 2009-03-25 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | バーナー又はランスのノズル構造及び金属の溶解・精錬方法 |
-
2006
- 2006-07-06 FR FR0652845A patent/FR2903325B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-07-05 CN CN2007800256158A patent/CN101484751B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-07-05 US US12/307,732 patent/US20100032020A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-07-05 EP EP07823551A patent/EP2041491A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-07-05 JP JP2009517361A patent/JP2009543011A/ja active Pending
- 2007-07-05 WO PCT/FR2007/051597 patent/WO2008003907A2/fr not_active Ceased
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2080973A1 (fr) | 2008-01-10 | 2009-07-22 | L'AIR LIQUIDE, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Fours rotatifs |
| US8242055B2 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2012-08-14 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Herbicidally and insecticidally active phenyl-substituted pyridazinones |
| WO2011066553A1 (fr) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-03 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Lances dynamiques utilisant des techniques fluidiques |
| US8323558B2 (en) | 2009-11-30 | 2012-12-04 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Dynamic control of lance utilizing counterflow fluidic techniques |
| US8377372B2 (en) | 2009-11-30 | 2013-02-19 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Dynamic lances utilizing fluidic techniques |
| CN116034169A (zh) * | 2020-09-15 | 2023-04-28 | 安赛乐米塔尔公司 | 向竖炉中注射还原性气体的装置 |
| CN116034169B (zh) * | 2020-09-15 | 2024-11-12 | 安赛乐米塔尔公司 | 向竖炉中注射还原性气体的装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20100032020A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
| EP2041491A2 (fr) | 2009-04-01 |
| FR2903325A1 (fr) | 2008-01-11 |
| JP2009543011A (ja) | 2009-12-03 |
| WO2008003907A3 (fr) | 2008-04-24 |
| CN101484751A (zh) | 2009-07-15 |
| CN101484751B (zh) | 2011-09-14 |
| FR2903325B1 (fr) | 2009-02-06 |
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