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WO2008001023A1 - Système de communication cellulaire - Google Patents

Système de communication cellulaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008001023A1
WO2008001023A1 PCT/GB2006/002357 GB2006002357W WO2008001023A1 WO 2008001023 A1 WO2008001023 A1 WO 2008001023A1 GB 2006002357 W GB2006002357 W GB 2006002357W WO 2008001023 A1 WO2008001023 A1 WO 2008001023A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base station
cell
signals
receive
terminals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2006/002357
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Douglas Gene Lockie
Mark Alan Sturza
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
POWELL STEPHEN DAVID
GigaBeam Corp
Original Assignee
POWELL STEPHEN DAVID
GigaBeam Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by POWELL STEPHEN DAVID, GigaBeam Corp filed Critical POWELL STEPHEN DAVID
Priority to PCT/GB2006/002357 priority Critical patent/WO2008001023A1/fr
Publication of WO2008001023A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008001023A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
    • H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
    • H04B7/2603—Arrangements for wireless physical layer control
    • H04B7/2606—Arrangements for base station coverage control, e.g. by using relays in tunnels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field for an enhanced cellular communication system. More particularly, this invention provides transceivers located around a base station to receive signals from terminals, and to relay the terminal signals to the base station.
  • the base station transmitter can easily generate high levels of transmit power, since it includes a high power or "high gain" transmit antenna. ⁇
  • the base station receive antenna is a relatively powerful, high gain antenna.
  • the antennas at the base station are powerful because antenna gain is directly proportional to the size of an antenna, and the base station installations can accommodate large sized antennas.
  • the small handheld terminal antenna is low gain.
  • the power of a handheld phone is also constrained by limited battery power, and by efforts to minimize human exposure to strong radio emissions.
  • the net effect is the handheld terminal transmits a low "EIRP" or effective isotropic radiated power.
  • EIRP effective isotropic radiated power.
  • This relatively low EIRP is the cause of poor performance of most conventional cellular telephone systems.
  • the user of the handheld terminal can hear the caller at the other end of call reasonably well, but the voice quality received by the other caller from the cellular phone user is generally diminished.
  • aspects of the present invention seek to enhance the performance of a conventional cellular telephone system.
  • a base station located in a cell both sends and receives signals directly to and from handheld phones.
  • the present invention employs a relay transceiver located in the cell to relay signals from handheld phones to the base station.
  • the handheld still receives signals directly from the base station, but the return signal back to the base station is accomplished through the relay transceiver.
  • the present invention solves the problem of a poor quality communications in conventional cellular telephone systems caused by handheld terminals which are limited by low effective isotropic radiated power or "EIRP.”
  • this solution is accomplished by assisting the signal emitted from the handheld terminals.
  • This assistance is provided by placing one or more relay transceivers in a cell with a base station.
  • the signals from the handheld terminals are received by these relay transceivers, and then returned to the base station, which compensates for the low EIRP of the terminals.
  • Certain aspects of the present invention seek to provide an adaptable system in which selected communication links can be readily provided by a high frequency path, for which a highly-accurate line of sight link is typically required.
  • the need may arise from a base station of the system being located at a relatively great height above the earth's surface.
  • cellular communication system comprising a base station in a communication cell , one or more terminals in said cell, and one or more transceivers for relaying signal between the base station and the terminals, characterized in that the base station communicates with the transceivers at frequencies lying within the range 30GHz to 300GHz or within the range 400MHz to 6GHz or a combination thereof, and in that the or each transceiver communicates with the or each terminal at a frequency lying within the range 400MHz to 6GHz.
  • a cellular communication system comprising a base station in a communication cell, one or more terminals in said cell arranged to receive first signals from said base station, the system further comprising one or more relay transceivers in or adjacent to said cell and arranged to receive second signals from said terminals and to transmit said second signals as relay signals to said base station, characterized in that the base station comprises an antenna transmitting said first signals, said antenna being located at least 50 metres above the earth's surface.
  • a method of providing a communication network comprising providing a first base station within a region, the region comprising a first cell, in which said base station is located and in which one or more terminals are arranged to be in direct two-way communication with said base station, and one or more second cells, each of which is provided with a relay transceiver and in each of which one or more terminals are arranged to receive first signals from said base station and to transmit second signals to their respective relay transceiver, which transmits said second signals as relay signals to said base station, wherein the transceiver(s) in one or more of the second cells is/are subsequently replaced by a further base station.
  • Certain aspects of the present invention seek to provide a method for conveniently tailoring the elements of a communication system relative to one another.
  • a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided method of providing a communications network comprising providing a base station, adjusting a transmit pattern of the base station so that the base station can transmit signals up to a first predetermined distance in each direction, adjusting a receive pattern of the base station so that the base station can receive signals from a second predetermined distance in each direction, said second distance being less than said first distance for each direction, providing a plurality of receive antennas around the base station at locations between said first and second distances, and adjusting the receive patterns of said receive antennas so that they can receive signals from locations between said first and second distances.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing one embodiment of the invention, in which a signal from a terminal in a cell is returned to a base station via a relay transceiver.
  • Figure 2 is another schematic diagram that illustrates an alternative embodiment of the invention, in which a signal from a terminal in an inner cell is returned directly to a base station without employing a relay transceiver.
  • Figure 3 offers yet another schematic diagram that illustrates an alternative embodiment of the invention, in which a signal from a terminal outside an inner cell is returned to a base station via a relay transceiver.
  • Figure 4 provides another schematic view of the present invention, portraying a transceiver relay that is generally located at the periphery of a cell.
  • Figure 5 supplies a view of a vehicle as it passes through a set of multiple cells.
  • Figure 6 illustrates the operation of relay transceivers which are located at the periphery of a cell.
  • Figure 6 A provides an alternate view of the operation of relay transceivers which are located at the periphery of an alternate exemplary cell.
  • Figure 7 offers a plan view of antenna footprints for a base station and receive nodes.
  • Figures 8 and 9 furnish schematic depictions of footprints.
  • Figure 10 depicts signal losses over distances from a base station.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 supplies a schematic illustration of transmissions propagated among a number of cells.
  • Figure 13 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the invention, which is used to provide two-way communications between a base station and a terminal using an intermediate transceiver.
  • Figure 14 offers a view of another alternative embodiment, which is employed to convey signals out from a base station to transceivers and terminals located in cells which are arranged as a set of generally concentric rings.
  • the present invention comprises methods and apparatus for improving the performance of conventional cellular telephone systems.
  • a relay transceiver is employed to receive signals from terminals in a cell, and then to send those signals to the base station located in that cell.
  • the term "conventional cellular telephone system” encompasses any system that employs a radio that communicates with a terminal located a limited region, zone or "cell.”
  • the term “cell” pertains to a volume of space which resides generally above the surface of the Earth, and which is defined by a boundary or enclosure that is permanently associated with landmarks or some fixed geographic feature.
  • a cell may be circular, or may be configured in some other suitable shape.
  • An “inner cell” is generally located within a cell.
  • a “microcell” is a relatively small cell. More than one microcell may comprise a cell.
  • a “base station” includes any device for communicating over a distance, including a transmitter, receiver or transceiver that utilizes the radio, optical or other portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
  • a base station may be referred to as a “base unit” or a “hub.”
  • a base station is a fixed radio that is directly connected to a network, and which communicates with terminals.
  • a “terminal” generally refers to a handheld, mobile, fixed or other terminal which is capable of either receiving a signal from a base station, sending a signal to a base station, or both.
  • a terminal may be described as a "mobile station,” “mobile unit,” “subscriber unit,” or handheld.” In general, all these terms refer to a radio that is used to communicate with the base station, and, in general, to another terminal that communicates through the network.
  • a “transmitter” is any device or means for sending a signal
  • a “receiver” is any device or means for receiving a signal.
  • a “transceiver” is capable of both sending and receiving.
  • a “network” comprises any combination, aggregation or assembly of links between nodes, terminals or some other source of signal, data or intelligence.
  • a network may include a public switched telephone network (PSTN), the Internet, or a private network.
  • PSTN public switched telephone network
  • a “signal” encompasses any form of intelligence, language, data, content, representation or other form of communication.
  • the terms “forward link,” “forward path,” and “forward channel” may be employed to signals that are transmitted from a base station to a terminal.
  • the terms “reverse link,” “reverse path,” and “reverse channel” may be utilized to refer to signals that are transmitted from a terminal to a base station.
  • a signal may be an analog, digital or any other form of signal.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of the invention.
  • a cell 10 provides communication services to a region, zone or space that is generally fixed with respect to the surface of the Earth.
  • a base station 12 is located within the confines or on the periphery of the cell 10.
  • the base station 12 includes a radio which is capable of transmitting a signal to and/or receiving a signal from a terminal 14.
  • the terminal 14 is shown as a handheld cellular telephone.
  • the frequencies used for the cell communications link 16 typically comprise a frequency between approximately 400 MHz to approximately 6 GHz.
  • a first signal 16 from the base station 12 to the terminal 14 generally conveys a voice communication from another person connected to the network which includes the base station 12.
  • the terminal 14 communicates with a relay transceiver 18 via a second signal 20.
  • the relay transceiver 18 then emits a third signal 22 back to the base station 12, where the voice message is conveyed back to the other caller across the network.
  • the relay transceiver 18 provides point-to-point communications.
  • the third signal 22 comprises any of a microwave or millimeter wave signal 22 capable of highly directional point to point operation.
  • millimeter waves are utilized for communications.
  • microwave frequencies are employed.
  • an inner cell 24 has been added within the cell 10.
  • the inner cell 24 defines a region in which a terminal 14 communicates directly with the base station 12 in both directions without utilizing the relay transceiver 18. If a terminal 14 is within the inner cell 24, the terminal 14 communicates directly with the base station 12 using a first signal 16 and a direct return signal 26.
  • a plurality of relay transceivers is arranged around the base station 12.
  • the base station transmit pattern is adjusted to cover the entire footprint.
  • the base station receive pattern is adjusted to be optimised to cover one half the distance to the cell boundary.
  • the receive nodes of the relay transceivers are placed in generally equally spaced locations around the base station on a circle centred at the base station and with a radius of three fourths of the radius of the cell coverage.
  • the antenna patterns of the receive nodes of the relay transceivers define minor cell footprints which are adjusted to cover from one half the radius of the main cell to the edge of the cell.
  • the signals from the receive nodes of the relay transceiver are carried back to the base station using a millimetre wave link, which can incorporate upwards of 5 GHz of RF spectrum, enabling cellular and PCS systems to operate simultaneously from this system.
  • the communications may also be implemented using the WiFi band.
  • the cell stations are interconnected with wideband E-B and links which transmit the entire cellular, PCS or WiFi spectrum (translated).
  • the different relay transceivers 18 in a cell preferably operate at different frequencies within the band.
  • the net effect is that the handheld terminal return transmit link margin increases by 4 to 10 dB in a system that uses a cell that is approximately 5 km (three miles) in diameter.
  • Both the transmit and receive antennas employ shaped beams to provide constant power independent of the range.
  • the relay or antenna signal is transmitted via a high frequency point to point interconnect to a central site, namely base station 12.
  • the base station comprises a high frequency millimetre wave receiver subsystem to receive the minor cell received signals, a millimetre wave translator to convert the received cellular signals back to the original cellular frequency, and a routing system to connect the received and translated cellular signals to the base station electronics where the hand held signals can be processed as if they had been received directly by the base station receive antennas and receivers. Further details of the base station construction are described below in connection with Figure 11. Processing equipment at the base station 12 compares all the signals received from relay transceivers 18 in respect of their time of arrival frequency and the identification (ID) of their transceiver 18.
  • ID identification
  • the above-described embodiments have various advantages. In particular, they enable good quality cellular telephone communications in cells in which mobile telephones can be located so far from the base station that communications are limited by the low effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of the mobile telephones. It would not be practical to substantially increase the EIRP of the mobile telephones, firstly because of concerns of damage to users by raised power, and secondly because it would dramatically reduce the time required for recharging operations of the battery of the mobile telephone.
  • the provision of a relatively small number of relay transceivers is a cheap modification of conventional cellular communication and they can readily be powered by mains electricity rather than by batteries.
  • the wide frequency separation of receive sites 18 (enabled by the E-Band bandwidth) gives high performance signal deinterleaving and receive link gain.
  • Cell station transmitter signals can also be distributed to any other cell station locations to pick up the transmit link margin.
  • the base station 12 can be conveniently provided centrally of a cell 10 although it can alternatively be located anywhere within inner cell 24 up to the edge thereof.
  • base station 12 is not located on the ground but above the ground.
  • base station 12 can be located in a high flying aircraft flying around a single point, or on a sub-orbital platform, or on a satellite.
  • a different base station 12 may be employed at different times within a single telephone call, even if terminal 14 is itself substantially stationary.
  • Some or all of the communication links from transceivers 18 to base station 12 may be by way of fibre optic or coaxial cable when available and convenient.
  • the various signals can be processed as analog linear or as a digitalised representation.
  • transceivers 18 may be located anywhere between 0.4 and 1.8 of the cell radius from base station 10. At the higher end of the range, the transceiver 18 will be outside the cell and is likely to be located within an adjoining cell 10, however this may still be appropriate in view of local topography; the different frequencies allotted to transceivers 18 prevent interference between their signals in such situations.
  • the transceivers lie at positions corresponding to between 0.65 and 0.85 of the cell radius and most preferably 0.7 to 0.8 of the cell radius.
  • the operative range and beam shape of the base station receive pattern is modified accordingly.
  • relay transceivers may transmit signals in the microwave range.
  • microwave range any frequency above 3.5 GHz may be employed.
  • the cells 10 shown and described are circular, they may be of honeycomb shape arranged in a honeycomb pattern.
  • the geography of the land and the presence of buildings or trees may cause the cells 10 to be somewhat irregular in shape.
  • FIG. 4 shows a system in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention in which a relay transceiver 18 is located at the periphery of a cell 10.
  • a relay transceiver 18 is located at the periphery of a cell 10.
  • the communication protocol is arranged so that return signals 26 from terminals 14 at locations lying up to half the radius to the cell are received and handled directly by base station 12, whereas second signals 20 from terminals 14 at locations lying beyond the half radius distance are received by transceivers 18 and then forwarded to base station 12 as third signals 22.
  • Figure 5 supplies a view of a vehicle as it passes through a set of multiple cells.
  • Figure 6 provides a view of the operation of relay transceivers which are located at the periphery of a cell.
  • the Existing Cell Site Equipment transmits to mobile devices in the large cell using the standard cellular frequency band.
  • the large cell is divided into three "zones" 28 for reception from the mobile devices.
  • a Receive Only in One Band unit in each of the zones receives signals transmitted by mobile devices in that zone using the standard cellular frequency band.
  • Each Receive Only in One Band unit then relays the received cellular frequency band to the Microwave Radio collocated with the Existing Cell Site Equipment using microwave or millimeter wave bands.
  • the Microwave Radio combines the received cellular frequency bands from the Receive Only in One Band units, converts them to the standard cellular frequency band, and inputs them to the Existing Cell Site Equipment receive port.
  • Figure 6 A provides an alternate view of the operation of relay transceivers which are located at the periphery of an alternate exemplary cell.
  • the Existing Cell Site Equipment transmits to mobile devices in the large cell using the standard cellular frequency band.
  • the large cell is divided into seven "zones" for reception from the mobile devices, a center zone and an outer ring of 6 surrounding zones 28.
  • the Existing Cell Site Equipment directly receives signals from mobile devices in the inner zone. In each of the six outer zones, a Receive Only in One Band unit receives signals transmitted by mobile devices in that zone using the standard cellular frequency band.
  • Each Receive Only in One Band unit then relays the received cellular frequency band to the Microwave Radio co- located with the Existing Cell Site Equipment using microwave or millimeter wave bands.
  • the Microwave Radio combines the received cellular frequency bands from the Receive Only in One Band units, converts them to the standard cellular frequency band, and inputs them to the Existing Cell Site Equipment receive port.
  • Some embodiments of present invention enhance the performance of conventional cellular telephone systems.
  • a receive only unit is used in combination with a traditional base station transmitter 12 at the center of the cell 10.
  • the remote receivers are typically connected to the base station by a microwave or millimeter wave link.
  • the system embodiments shown in Figure 6 and 6A are particularly useful when the base station is located on a "tall tower", an airplane, airship, or satellite.
  • the antenna of a base station 12 located on a tall tower is preferably located at least 50 metres above the earth's surface. A preferred range is 50 to 300 metres but it could be higher. While these platforms can provide sufficient transmit power to allow their signals 16 to be received by handsets 14 on the ground, low power handsets 14 do not have sufficient transmit power to allow their signals to be received on the "tall towers.”
  • a receive antenna at the base station 12 is used to receive signals from a microcell in the cell center. The advantage of this approach is that the path from the handheld 14 to the nearest receive antenna is reduced, resulting in additional reverse link margin.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention extend cellular coverage in suburban and rural areas using fewer cell sites and fewer base stations then was previously possible. It also provides the opportunity for improved quality of service (fewer dropped calls) in urban areas.
  • Figure 7 offers a plan view of antenna footprints for a base station and relay transceivers.
  • Figures 8 and 9 furnish schematic depictions of footprints.
  • Figure 10 depicts signal losses over distances from a base station.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of a system in accordance with the present invention illustrating, in particular, parts of the previously-described embodiments.
  • a base station 12 has an omnidirectional antenna 32 which transmits first signals 16 at a GHz frequency to the antenna 34 of terminals such as terminal 14.
  • First signals typically represent one leg of a telephone conversation.
  • the reply of the user of terminal 14 is transmitted by antenna 34 as an omnidirectional second signal 20, also at a GHz frequency, to a receive antenna 38 of a nearby relay transceiver 18.
  • the second signal is converted or translated by circuitry 36 into a third signal 22 which is transmitted by a directional antenna 48 to be received by a directional antenna 42 at base station 12.
  • Signals 22 are preferably transmitted as millimetre waves, but as an alternative they can be in the microwave band.
  • Circuitry 46 of the base station 12 then converts the third signal as necessary before forwarding it for further processing in the mobile telephone system.
  • the use of the arrangement shown in Figure 11, improves system performance, e.g. by reducing the number of "dropped calls," and is a relatively inexpensive way of forwarding return signals to the base station 12.
  • Figure 12 supplies a schematic illustration of transmissions propagated among a number of cells.
  • a base station 12 located in cell 10 communicates directly by means of low frequency signals with a handset 14 in cell 10.
  • Other surrounding cells 1OS that are near the central cell in a region or larger cell 78 each have a transceiver 18.
  • the base station 12 communicates by means of high-frequency millimetre wave signals with the transceivers 18 in the surrounding cells 10S.
  • Handsets 14 in the surrounding cells 1OS communicate by means of low frequency signals with the transceiver 18 in each cell.
  • the base station 12 communicates with transceivers 18 by means of low frequency signals, or by a combination of high frequency and low frequency signals. If communications between the central cell 10 and a surrounding cell 1OS increase and additional capacity is required, the transceiver 18 in a surrounding cell 1OS may be replaced with a base station 12. This upgrade provides a convenient and cost-effective method for future growth of capacity of the network.
  • High frequency links require a high specification regarding line of sight; accordingly the selective use of high frequency links only according to demand, enables to system to be cost effective.
  • an array of receive antennas is located at the edge of the cell footprint.
  • the base station transmit pattern is adjusted to cover the entire footprint.
  • the base station receive pattern is adjusted to cover one half the distance to the cell boundary.
  • the receive array nodes are placed in generally equally spaced locations around the base station on a circle centered at the base station and with a radius of three fourths of the radius of the cell coverage.
  • the antenna patterns of the receive nodes are adjusted to cover from one half the radius of the main cell to the edge of the cell.
  • the signals from the receive nodes are carried back to the base station using a millimeter wave link, which can incorporate upwards of 5 GHz of RF spectrum, enabling cellular and PCS systems to operate simultaneously from this system.
  • the present invention may also be implemented using the Wi-Fi band.
  • an enhanced cellular communications system includes:
  • a central base station which has transmit antenna patterns optimized for operation to the edge of the cell footprint and receive antennas that are optimized halfway to the edge of the cell footprint. Both the transmit and receive antennas employ shaped beams to provide constant power independent of the range.
  • a series of cellular receive only antennas located generally equally spaced on a circle with a center at the central base station and a radius of three-fourths the radius of the cell. Each of the receive only antenna locations defines a minor cell footprint.
  • a high frequency point to point interconnect for transmitting the received signals gathered at the minor cell footprint receive only cellular antennas back to a central super site.
  • a high frequency millimeter wave receiver subsystem at the cell base station to receive the minor cell receive only signal transmitted back to the cell base station.
  • a millimeter wave translator to convert the cellular receive only minor cell signals back to the original cellular frequency.
  • a routing system to connect the received and translated cellular signals to the base station electronics where the hand held signals can be processed as if they had been received by the base station cell receive antennas and receivers.
  • Cell stations are interconnected with wideband E-B and links which transmit the entire cellular, PCS or WiFi spectrum (translated).
  • All cell station receive signals are compared at the node (time of arrival, frequency, cell station ID).
  • Signal can be processed as analog linear or as a digitized representation.
  • Cell station transmitter signals can also be distributed to any other cell station locations to pick up transmit link margin.
  • Master cell station (which is expensive) correlates all signals and provides gain.
  • Master cell station can be located at the highest point in the master cell.
  • Master cell station can be located in a high flying aircraft orbiting over a single point.
  • Master cell station can be situated on a sub-orbital platfo ⁇ n.
  • Master cell station can be situated on a satellite.
  • Fiber optic or coax cable can be used as cell station interconnect when available.
  • Antenna gain is low cost link margin.
  • Receive antenna aimed at 1 cell diameter.
  • High gain antenna (178cm to 229cm, 70 to 90 inch vertical dimension 18 to 24 dB gain at cellular - very low sidelobe to prevent cell bleed over into adjacent cell.
  • Receive cells have one half distance as the transmit cell, which gives 6 to 10 db receive link margin performance improvement.
  • Transmit cell with 2X distance makes up with an additional power output which is easy for base station and difficult for the hand held.
  • Enabling technology is the wideband backhaul provided by the E-Band radio point to point link nominal.
  • Figure 13 depicts an alternative embodiment of the invention, which utilizes a base station 112, a handset 114 and a transceiver 118 arranged within a cell 110.
  • the base station 12 transmits high-frequency millimetre wave signals 50 to a transceiver 118.
  • High-frequency millimetre signals include any radio emission that falls within the 30 to 300 GHz bands.
  • the transceiver 18 relays the point-to-point signals 50 to a conventional handset 114 using a conventional low-frequency omni-directional signal 52.
  • Conventional, low-frequency, omni-directional signals include those signals used by current conventional cellular telephone systems, and include, but are not limited to, the 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1.9 GHz, 2.1 GHz and 4.5 GHz bands.
  • the handset 114 communicates back to the transceiver using a conventional, low-frequency, omni-directional signal 54.
  • the transceiver 118 then relays the conventional, low-frequency, omni-directional signal 54 back to the base station 112 via a high-frequency, point-to-point, millimetre wave signal 56.
  • the embodiment illustrated in Figure 13 may be employed to convey signals from DC to 5 GHz using a 5GHz block of bandwidth. These signals may include, but are not limited to, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, emergency bands, ISM and MMDS bands.
  • the signals 50 and/or 56 are also low-frequency signals or a combination of high frequency and low frequency signals.
  • Figure 14 portrays another embodiment of the invention, which includes a base station 112 and a transceiver 118 located in a cell 110.
  • the base station 112 communicates with the transceiver 118 in cell 110 using a high-frequency, point-to-point, millimetre wave signal 58.
  • the transceiver 118 relays these signals 58 out to another larger cell 11OA, which is concentric with cell 110.
  • the transceiver 118 uses low-frequency, omnidirectional signals to communicate with a handset 114 in cell 110 and with a handset 114A in cell 11OA.
  • Transceiver 118 also communicates with transceiver 118A using low- frequency, omni-directional signals.
  • Transceiver 118A communicates with yet another transceiver 118B, which is located in an even larger concentric cell 11OB.
  • Transceiver 118A communicates with a handset 114B which resides in cell HOB. Signals from handsets 114, 114A, 114B to base station 112 return along the same paths.
  • One or more base stations 112 may communicate with handsets 114, 114A, 114B and/or repeaters 118, 118A, 118B located in concentric rings or other nested cells 110, HOA, 11OB having varying shapes.
  • handsets 114 and repeaters may be implemented at conventional, omni-directional, low-frequency mobile phone frequencies, such as 900MHz or 1.9GHz; or at high -frequency point-to- point bands, such as those bands grater than 50GHz; or using both low and high frequency bands.
  • the transceiver 118 communicates only with handsets 114 in cell 110 or only with handsets 114A in cell 11OA.
  • the transceiver 118A may communicate with handsets 114A in cell HOA instead of, or in addition to, handsets 114B in cell HOB.
  • the base station 112 may communicate with the transceiver 118 using low-frequency signals instead of, or in addition to, the high frequency signals.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de communication cellulaire comprenant une station de base (12, 112) se trouvant dans une cellule de communication (10, 110), un ou plusieurs terminaux ou combinés (14, 114), un ou plusieurs émetteurs-récepteurs relais (18, 118) présents dans ladite cellule ou à côté d'elle et agencés pour relayer les signaux (20, 22; 50, 52; 64, 56; 58) entre la station de base et les terminaux. Les signaux entre les émetteurs-récepteurs et les terminaux sont des signaux de téléphone mobile omnidirectionnels dans la plage des GHz et les signaux entre la station de base et les émetteurs-récepteurs sont de préférence des signaux directionnels dans la plage des millimètres ou des micro-ondes, mais peuvent également être des signaux de fréquence inférieure.
PCT/GB2006/002357 2006-06-27 2006-06-27 Système de communication cellulaire Ceased WO2008001023A1 (fr)

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PCT/GB2006/002357 WO2008001023A1 (fr) 2006-06-27 2006-06-27 Système de communication cellulaire

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PCT/GB2006/002357 WO2008001023A1 (fr) 2006-06-27 2006-06-27 Système de communication cellulaire

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3202425A1 (fr) 2011-02-01 2017-08-09 HIBM Research Group, Inc. Procédés et compositions d'augmentation de la production d'acide sialique et traitement des états pathologiques liés à l'acide sialique

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