WO2008000966A2 - Habitable space and method of thermally regulating said habitable space - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a habitable space comprising at least one habitable room (1) defined by a floor (2), a vault (3) and a substantially vertical peripheral wall (4) which connects the floor (2) and the vault (3), said room (1) being provided with at least one access opening and with thermal regulation means. According to the invention, the vault (3), the floor (2) and the peripheral wall (4) form a single block (5) incorporating at least some of the thermal regulation means, the block (5) being associated with means which produce a break in the heat bridge (8a) between said block (5) and its supports, and the habitable room (1) is enclosed in a larger space (6a) defined by an outer shell (6) having low heat losses.

Description

 Living space and method of thermal regulation of said living space.

The present invention relates to the general field of construction including buildings, buildings or other living spaces. More specifically, it relates to a living space comprising at least one living room defined by a floor, a vault and a substantially vertical peripheral wall connecting the floor and the vault, said room being provided with at least one access opening and means thermal regulation. The invention relates to the design, both structurally and functionally of this living space, as well as its daily management to reduce energy consumption on the one hand and to increase the comfort of its occupants. somewhere else.

In continental climates, it is becoming increasingly common to equip the room or living space with an air conditioning system for hot periods, and heating means for cold periods.

Current constructions, however, are designed in such a way that they promote the performance of buildings either in winter or in summer. Thus, to improve performance, in terms of energy consumption, it is most often modulates the air temperature by heating in winter and by air conditioning in summer. In the light of current knowledge, designers of buildings or living spaces always seem to face a technical impossibility of arriving, by the use of a single technical answer, to the same performances both in summer and in winter. For example, we can note the effect of sunshine that is sought in winter, but which is a disadvantage in summer. A building could thus be a "furnace" in summer and would not offer comfort to its occupants. What appears to be an advantage in winter must be offset by other devices, antagonists, type air conditioners, in summer. Each problem is regulated in the prior art by means or specific and distinct devices, but optimal comfort both in summer and in winter is only rarely achieved.

The present invention aims to obtain a living space in which the occupant experiences feelings of comfort with optimal performance both in summer and winter. This objective must be achieved even and especially in climates with large temperature ranges and severe weather variations. The invention is in particular quite adapted to the climatic disturbances that some predict in the future. Another object of the present invention is to substantially reduce the energy consumption of such living spaces or buildings.

A complementary aim is finally to achieve such living spaces or buildings by avoiding the use of materials or technologies causing excessive manufacturing costs.

The aims of the present invention are achieved by means of a living space whose vault, floor and peripheral wall form a single block integrating at least a portion of the thermal control means, the block being associated with means providing a thermal break between said block and its supports and whose living room is encompassed in a larger space delimited by an outer casing with low heat losses. The invention thus makes it possible to solve the antagonistic problems that are found in the buildings of the prior art. By antagonistic problems, it is necessary to hear problems whose resolution of one increases the negative effects of the second, thus moving away from the resolution of this second problem.

By floor, it is meant any type of support on which are arranged the elements of the room and on which move the people occupying the living room, said floor may be commonly referred to as soil. By vault it is necessary to hear a high slab of the room.

Preferably, the block is made of reinforced concrete and has an insulating coating on its outer face, further participating in concentrating the infrared radiation emitted by said block towards the interior of the room. For example, reinforced concrete is tinted with a warm, bright color. According to one possibility, at least part of the block incorporates water circulation tubes whose temperature is controlled and modulated by the thermal control means so as to bring the block to a substantially uniform and constant temperature T _c , for example included between 23 ° C and 26 ° C, thus constituting an inertial heating body radiating at low temperature. The choice of temperature T _c is independent of the outside temperature.

The thermal regulation means also preferably comprise automatic control means for maintaining the temperature T _c substantially constant. The part and the outer casing may, according to one embodiment of the invention, each comprise at least one glazed surface to illuminate the room with natural light.

The glazed surface of the outer casing then preferably comprises triple glazing and the remainder of the outer casing comprises an insulation reinforced thermal, allowing the complete habitable space or the complete building to reach a maximum Ubat of 0.30 W / m ² k, defining the objective of overall thermal performance of the living space or the building.

According to one possible configuration, the block is surrounded by ancillary rooms partially delimited by the outer envelope and providing a buffer zone between the outside environment and the block.

In an exemplary embodiment, the living space comprises means for renewing the air of the block type ventilation with heat exchanger, calorie recuperator. The air renewal means are for example associated with means for pre-empting fresh air admitted into the block. The means for adjusting the temperature of the fresh air are independent of the thermal control means of the block. For example, a Canadian well can be used to pre-test fresh air.

It is thus possible to optimize the temperature of fresh air introduced into the living room.

By way of non-limiting example, the temperature of the air T _A circulating in the block is 18 ° C in winter and 28 ^° C in summer. We then achieve a substantial reduction in energy consumption while ensuring a feeling of optimal comfort for occupants both in winter and summer. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the thermal regulation means are used with a reversible geothermal energy source with heat pump.

The internal faces of the block can also be processed in a food way by applying a beeswax. To complete the comfort of housing, the block may further comprise acoustic correction means. The acoustic correction means may for example be made with through perforations, formed in the vault and covered with an absorbent material.

The aims assigned to the present invention are also attained by means of a method of thermal regulation of such a habitable space, consisting of:

bring the temperature of the block to the temperature T _c ,

maintain the temperature T _c substantially constant by controlling the thermal regulation means,

- to control the temperature T _c , - to circulate and to renew the air of the block,

- use fresh air admitted into the block at a temperature T _A different from T _c ,

- And use fresh air at a temperature T _A > T _c and T _A <T _c respectively in summer and winter. It is thus possible to use even large temperature differences between the fresh air and the temperature T _c without affecting the comfort of the occupants. It is no longer acting primarily on the temperature of the fresh air, while generating sensations of comfort and energy savings, which is as remarkable as unexpected.

Preferably, the fresh air is then pre-empted before being introduced into the block. This step consists, for example, in putting fresh air in a Canadian well.

According to an example of implementation of the thermal regulation process, temperature probes are used in the wall, the floor and the vault.

Then, the thermal control method consists in using the values read by the probes to drive, according to said values, a motorized three-way valve, which acts on a circulation of water in the block to keep the temperature T ₀ substantially constant.

The present invention also relates to a building comprising at least one living space as described above and / or implementing a thermal control method as described above.

Other features and advantages will also emerge from the detailed description given below, given by way of non-limiting example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

- Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a living space according to the invention;

- And Figure 2 is another embodiment of a living space according to the invention, shown schematically in section.

Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a living space according to the invention. This space comprises a room (1) delimited by a floor (2), a vault (3) and a substantially vertical peripheral wall (4) connecting said floor (2) to said vault (3). The vault (3), the floor (2) and the peripheral wall (4) form a single block (5).

The latter is made of reinforced concrete. The living room (1) and therefore the block (5) are encompassed in a larger space (6a) delimited by an outer casing (6) low heat loss. The outer casing (6) and the block (5) rest on the floor (7) via foundations (8). Means for breaking thermal bridges (8a) are interposed between the block (5) and corresponding foundations (8).

Water circulation tubes (9) are integrated in the block (5) so as to bring said block (5) to a substantially constant temperature T _c , this the last being for example between 23 and 26 ⁰ C. The thermal control means determine the temperature of the water flowing in the circulation tubes (9). The block (5) thus constitutes an inertial heating body radiating at low temperature. The block (5) also comprises an insulating coating (10) on its outer face, further participating in focusing the infrared radiation emitted by said block (5) towards the interior of the living room (1). The thermal radiation emitted by the block (5) in the living room (1) is referenced by the arrows R.

The room (1) also comprises air renewal means (11, 12) of the type with a double flow with heat exchanger / recuperator

(13). The fresh air admitted into the living space (1) is thus schematized by your arrow E and the stale air expelled from said living space is shown schematically by the arrow

S. It is thus possible to pretemperate the fresh air before its introduction into the block (5). It is also possible to pre -emperate fresh air via a Canadian well (14) associated with a heat exchanger (13) as shown for example in Figure 2.

By way of example, the thermal regulation means are associated with means for pre-tempering the fresh air at a temperature T _A of between 18 ^° C. and 28 ° C. More precisely, the temperature T _A is equal to 18 ° C in winter and 28 ° C in summer. The thermal regulation means are used with a source of energy of the reversible geothermal type with heat pump.

Other energy sources are also conceivable without departing from the scope of the present invention.

In the embodiment of Figure 2, the living room (1) and the outer casing (6) comprise at least one glazed surface (15) for illuminating the living room (1) with natural light. The glazed surface (15) of the outer casing (6) comprises, for example, triple glazing.

The remainder of the outer envelope (6) preferably comprises a reinforced thermal insulation to achieve thermal properties generating a maximum Ubat of 0.30 W / m ² k. The Ubat, obtained by calculation, qualifies the objective of global thermal performance of a building.

The inner faces of the block (5) are processed for example in a food manner by the application of a beeswax. The block (5) is also made with tinted reinforced concrete with a warm and clear color. The thermal regulation means comprise automatic control means for maintaining the temperature T _c substantially constant. These automatic control means are managed by appropriate software.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the block (5) is surrounded by ancillary rooms (16, 17) partially delimited by the envelope outside (6) and providing a buffer zone between the outer medium (18) and the block (5). The ancillary rooms (16, 17) are for example provided with windows

(19).

The block (5) also comprises acoustic correction means not shown in the figures. The latter consist for example of through perforations formed in the vault (3) and covered with an absorbent material.

The living space (1) shown in Figure 2 is also provided with an exhaust duct (20) and a ventilation means (21) for accelerating the extraction of stale air from the living room (1) especially in summer. It is thus possible, with natural ventilation at night, to ventilate the living space

(1), especially in summer.

The thermal control method according to the invention is implemented using temperature probes, not shown, arranged in the wall (4), the floor (2) and in the vault (3). The thermal control method consists of using the values read by the temperature probes to drive, according to these values, a motorized three-way valve (not shown). This acts on a circulation of water in the block (5) through the circulation tubes (9) to maintain the temperature T _c substantially constant. The energy source and the thermal control means make it possible to modify the temperature of the water circulating in the circulation tubes (9).

The thermal regulation method according to the invention consists, in a first step, in bringing the temperature of the block (5) to a value T _c . The latter is kept substantially constant and uniform in the block (5) by adequate control of the thermal control means. The method then consists in regularly or periodically controlling the temperature T _c .

A complementary step of the process according to the invention consists in circulating and renewing the air of the block (5) using fresh air at a temperature T _A different from the temperature T _c . The method finally consists in using fresh air at a temperature T _A greater than T _c in summer and with a temperature T _A lower than T _c in winter.

By way of example, the temperature T _A is equal to 18 ^° C. in winter and 28 ° C. in summer, while the temperature T _c is, for example, equal to 24 ° C. Fresh air admitted into the block (5) can also be pre-empted. The structural characteristics of the living space according to the invention, which are particularly simple, thus make it possible to implement a method of remarkable thermal regulation in terms of performance. We actually get a substantially reduced energy consumption compared to the known buildings as well as a sensation of comfort for its occupants unequaled so far for such low energy consumption. With a living space according to the invention, we can use an air considered too hot or too cold in existing buildings, without harming the feeling of comfort of the occupants.

Claims

1. Living space comprising at least one habitable room (1) delimited by a floor (2), a roof (3) and a substantially vertical peripheral wall (4) connecting the floor (2) and the roof (3), said room (1) being provided with at least one access opening and thermal regulation means, characterized in that on the one hand the vault (3), the floor (2) and the peripheral wall (4) form a single block (5) incorporating at least a part of the thermal regulation means, the block (5) being associated with means achieving a thermal break (8a) between said block (5) and its supports, and that on the other hand, the habitable room (1) is encompassed in a larger space (6a) delimited by an outer envelope (6) which is thermally weakly wasted. 2. Living space according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the block (5) is made of reinforced concrete. 3. Living space according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the reinforced concrete is tinted with a warm and bright color. 4. Living space according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a portion of the block (5) incorporates water circulation tubes (9) whose temperature is controlled and modulated by the control means thermal so as to bring the block (5) to a substantially uniform temperature and constant T _c , for example between 23 ⁰ C and 26 ⁰ C, thus forming an inertial heating body, radiating at low temperature. 5. Living space according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermal control means comprise automatic control means for maintaining the temperature T _c substantially constant. 6. Living space according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the block (5) comprises an insulating coating (10) on its outer face, further participating in concentrating the infrared radiation emitted by said block (5). ) to the interior of the living room (1). 7. Living space according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the part (1) and the outer casing (6) each comprise at least one glazed surface (15, 19) to illuminate the room with the natural light. 8. Living space according to claim 7, characterized in that the glazed surface (19) of the outer casing (6) comprises a triple glazing and the remainder of the outer casing (6) has a reinforced thermal insulation, allowing achieve a maximum Ubat of 0.30 W / m ² k 9. Living space according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the block (5) is surrounded by ancillary rooms (16, 17) partially delimited by the outer casing (6) and realizing a buffer zone between the outside environment and the block (5). 10. Living space according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises air renewal means of the block (5) of the type with double flow ventilation with heat recovery exchanger. 11. Living space according to claim 10, characterized in that the air renewal means are associated with means for pre-empting fresh air admitted into the block (5). 12. Living space according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermal control means are associated with means for pre-tempering fresh air at a temperature T _A between 18 ° C and 28 ° C, and for example 18 ° C and 28 ° C respectively in winter and summer. 1 3. Living space according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the inner faces of the block (5) are processed in a food manner by the application of a beeswax. 14. Living space according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the block (5) comprises acoustic correction means. 15. Living space according to claim 14, characterized in that the acoustic correction means comprise through perforations, formed in the arch (3) and covered with an absorbent material. 6. Living space according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the thermal control means are used with a reversible geothermal energy source with heat pump. Building comprising at least one living space according to any one of claims 1 to 16. 18. A method of thermal regulation of a living space according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that it consists in: - bringing the temperature of the block (5) to the temperature T _c , maintaining the temperature T _c substantially constant by controlling the thermal control means adequately, - control the temperature T _c , - circulate and renew the air of the block (5), - use fresh air admitted into the block (5) at a temperature T _A different from T _c , - and use fresh air at a temperature T _A > Tc and T _A <T ₀ respectively in summer and winter . 1 9 Process according to claim 18, characterized in that it consists in pre-tempering the fresh air before its introduction into the block (5). 20. Thermal control method according to claim 18, characterized in that it implements temperature probes disposed in the wall, the floor (2) and the roof (3). 21. Thermal control method according to claim 20, characterized in that it consists in using the values read by the probes to drive a motorized three-way valve according to these values, thereby acting on a water flow in the block. (5) to maintain the temperature Tc substantially constant.