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WO2008095225A1 - Conservation d'énergie à l'aide d'applications miniatures - Google Patents

Conservation d'énergie à l'aide d'applications miniatures Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008095225A1
WO2008095225A1 PCT/AU2008/000025 AU2008000025W WO2008095225A1 WO 2008095225 A1 WO2008095225 A1 WO 2008095225A1 AU 2008000025 W AU2008000025 W AU 2008000025W WO 2008095225 A1 WO2008095225 A1 WO 2008095225A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
code
state transition
executing
state
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Application number
PCT/AU2008/000025
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English (en)
Inventor
Michael T. Hogan
Thomas Mcdermott
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G2 Microsystems Pty Ltd
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G2 Microsystems Pty Ltd
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Publication of WO2008095225A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008095225A1/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/32—Means for saving power
    • G06F1/3203—Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to computing devices for which power consumption is significant and in particular to reducing the power consumption of the device using miniature or modularized applications.
  • RFID tags are examples of one type of computing device with limited sources of power and available memory. Other examples include remote sensing and remote monitoring devices. RFID tags, for example, rely on battery power to energize their Integrated Circuits (ICs) when performing tasks such as generating an outgoing signal or processing an incoming signal.
  • ICs Integrated Circuits
  • the RFID tag will load an operating system from a non-volatile memory, such as flash memory into a random access memory (RAM) that is associated with or on the same chip as the devices main processor.
  • a non-volatile memory such as flash memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • the application software will also be loaded from flash into RAM. Loading the software consumes time during which the high power processor must be operating and it consumes power to operate the flash, the RAM and the processor.
  • Power may be conserved in a computing system by using miniature applications.
  • a process may be performed such as recording a first one of a plurality of power-state transition events, executing a first set of code in response to the recordation, and executing a second set of code only associated with the first one of the plurality of power-state transition events.
  • the two sets of codes may be two different miniature applications.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a computing device 100 within which the present invention can be either fully or partially implemented.
  • FIG. 2 shows a logical computing environment in which mini-applications (code) are accessed and executed, responsive to particular power-state transition events.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates an exemplary method 300 for conserving power in computing device, such as device 100 of Fig. 1.
  • power consumption may be reduced in a computing device that operates in different power states. In some examples, this may be done by efficiently launching code in response to the occurrence of a power-state transition event. Such an event may cause the computing device to transition from a first power-state in which a minimal amount of electrical energy is consumed to a second power-state in which an increased amount of electrical energy is consumed.
  • the efficient launching of code involves only accessing a portion of the code (a mini-application) appurtenant to the type of power-state transition event for execution by a processing unit. Accessing code associated with a particular type of event, ensures that only the most relevant code needed to respond to that event is accessed for execution by a processor unit. In most situations, this eliminates having to transfer a general application into memory with large quantities of irrelevant code not needed to respond to the particular power-state transition event as is commonly done today.
  • power is conserved on a computing device using a method that includes: recording a first one of a plurality of power-state transition events in memory; executing a first set of code in response to the recordation; and executing a second set of code appurtenant to the first one of the plurality of power-state transition events.
  • an event detection device such as a circuit, a counter, state-machine, or other suitable means, causes data indicative of a type of event to be recorded in memory.
  • the data is then executed by a processing unit in response to the recordation to access code (a second set of code such as a mini-application) appurtenant to the first power-state transition event.
  • the second set of code appurtenant to the first one of the power-state transition events is executed by a processing unit.
  • the computing device may perform other operations or transition back to a sleep mode if no other tasks are pending.
  • the present invention is capable of minimizing the amount of memory needed to launch an application, minimizing the amount of time it takes to transfer the code associated with the mini-application, and therefore reducing the overall power needed to respond to the event.
  • using less code for each power-state transition event means energizing less resources and spending less time accessing and transferring code between memory mediums, all of which can greatly reduce the power consumption of computing devices when transitioning from a sleep mode of operation to an awake-mode of operation or other power-state transitions.
  • loading a mini-application, as opposed to a general application efficiently conserves available memory in the controller, and in turn, allows developers to handle more events as the mini-application uses substantially less code than a general application and is generally not as restricted by limited memory resources.
  • the computing device When a computing device transitions from a first power-state to a second-power state due to the triggering of some power-state transition event, in some designs, the computing device loads a general application from a first non-volatile memory device, such as flash, to a second volatile memory device such as Random Access Memory (RAM).
  • the general application commonly includes enough code to respond to many different events of different types when awoken from a sleep mode.
  • the transfer of the general application from one memory device to another can be time consuming due to the size of the application. The longer it takes to transfer the application from one memory medium to another, the greater the power consumption. Ample memory resources are also needed to accommodate the accessing of code associated with the general application. The additional memory requires more power and the more difficult accesses require more memory. Additionally, the functionality of the general application may be restricted in size due to the limited amount of available memory associated with many computing devices, such as an RFID tag. Furthermore, much of the code associated with the general application is not needed for execution by a central processing unit to respond to any one particular power-state transition event.
  • the system is able to recognize the reason for a state transition before the code is loaded, and therefore make a selection from a number of different programs based on the specific transition cause.
  • the low power state is similar to a passive state in which the device uses as little power as possible while it waits for an event to occur which requires some specific response.
  • the modules powered in the low-power state may include enough functionality to be able to bring the device into the high power state. Any additional functions will depend on the particular design of the device. To use the least amount of power, the device should spend as much time in the low-power state as possible.
  • a transition event may be periodic, as in the case of a timer.
  • a transition event may be explicit, such as when the tag passes a portal which prompts it to send a report or log the event.
  • a transition event may also be the attainment of a state that the tag is monitoring, such as the crossing of a temperature or shock threshold.
  • a CPU, processor, or controller In the high-power state, a CPU, processor, or controller is booted and able to run a program to respond appropriately to the transition event. This response may include the use of other higher power modules such as when a transmitter is used to send a report or when a measurement is taken and recorded in external flash memory.
  • the system may be designed to minimize the time spent and the activity undertaken in the high-power state, loading as little code as possible before performing the required actions and returning immediately to the low-power state.
  • the response to a specific transition event will generally be unique to that event.
  • the response to the periodic expiration of a timer may be to transmit a brief report to a server or to take a periodic sensor measurement. This may be very different from a response to exceeding a temperature sensor threshold, such as logging the event and transmitting an alarm message to a server.
  • the response to the battery charge dropping below a voltage threshold may also be different and may include increasing the report timer period, shutting-down non-critical sensors, and adding alert information to periodic reports.
  • the programming code or instructions may be modularized, or divided up into different modules, so that in response to each transition event, only the code required for that specific event is loaded. The rest of the modules are not loaded unless that event has occurred. If the code loaded for a specific event includes only that part of the program required to respond to that event, the total code loaded will be much less than if all of the available code is loaded each time. Such a monolithic program not only takes longer to load, but the processor must then determine which portions to use.
  • the modularized code reduces the amount of time that the device must spend in the high-power state and improves the efficiency of each module. Since the application doesn't need to interrogate the system to establish why it has been loaded, it can simply execute directly.
  • Each of these modules may be considered a mini-application.
  • the mini- application may be made very small and may even include calls to each other.
  • a mini-application which runs periodically to check a sensor measurement can be extremely compact. It can be written to read the sensor, check that the reading doesn't exceed a given threshold, perhaps log the value and then power down immediately. If the threshold was exceeded, then perhaps a report to the server may be required. This may be done by the mini-application or the sensor-reading mini-application can arrange for a report-sending mini-application to be loaded. Putting the report transmission function in a separate mini-application reduces power consumption still further if in most cases, only the loading of the very small sensor-reading mini-application will be required.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a computing device 100 within which embodiments of the present invention may be either fully or partially implemented.
  • computing device 100 is implemented as a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag.
  • RFID Radio Frequency Identification
  • computing device 100 may be other general or special purpose computing devices, such as, but not limited to, wireless communication devices, music players, multimedia recorders and players, personal digital assistants, mobile phones, mobile gaming systems, remote sensors, remote monitors, the combination of any of the above example devices, and other suitable intelligent devices.
  • Computing device 100 includes an embedded controller 102 including at least one processor 104, a limited power source 106, such as a battery, and memory 108.
  • Memory 108 may include volatile memory (e.g., RAM) 110 and/or non-volatile memory (e.g., ROM) 1 12.
  • volatile memory 110 is used as part of computing device's cache, permitting application code and/or data to be accessed quickly and executed by processor 104.
  • Memory 108 may also include non-volatile memory in the form of flash memory 114. It is also possible for other memory mediums (not shown) having various physical properties to be included as part of computing device 100.
  • Detection module 1 18 is typically connected in some fashion to controller 102 (processor 102 and memory 108).
  • controller 102 processor 102 and memory 108.
  • a data bus connects detection module 1 18, antenna 1 16, memory 108, and processor 102.
  • Each of these devices can communicate with processor 102 and memory 108 and, as appropriate with each other.
  • the power source 106 is shown as also connected on this bus. This may be to provide status and control signals to a controller of the power supply.
  • the devices are also connected through a power bus to the power source to power each component.
  • a file system 122 may reside as a component in the form of computer-executable instructions and/or logic within memory 108, that when executed serves as a logical interface between code stored in flash 1 14 and other storage mediums.
  • File system 122 is generally responsible for performing transactions on behalf of code stored in ROM or one or more applications. File system 122 may also assist in storing, retrieving, organizing files, and performing other related tasks associated with code and/or data. In other words, file system 122 may have the ability to read, write, erase, and manage files (operating systems, applications, parameters, records, etc.).
  • Computing device 100 may also include one or more antennae 116 to transmit and/or receive radio frequencies and other energy wirelessly. Additionally, computing device 100 may include a detection module 118 configured to receive and detect electrical and/or magnetic energy or other events which, as shall be explained, cause computing device 100 to transition from a first power-state to a second power-state or vice versa. Detection module 1 18 may be implemented as hardware and optionally software and/or firmware that causes computing device 100 to detect different types of power-state transition events. A power-state transition event is typically one of a plurality of different events which causes computing device 100 to transition from one power-state to another power-state.
  • Examples of such events include, but are not limited to, expiration of a timer (not shown), a radio frequency request for an electronic product code such as from a reader (not shown), receipt of magnetic energy such as from a choke point (not shown), detection of a current such as via a radio frequency signal, a watchdog timer event, and any series of succeeding events within a specified period of time.
  • Detection module 1 18 is typically connected in some fashion to controller 102 (processor 102 and memory 108). Detection module 1 18 may record a power-state transition event when it is detected by the detection module 1 18. For example, when detection module 1 18 is at least partially implemented in hardware, receipt of certain electrical energy such as a particular radio frequency may cause detection module 118 to send one or more signals to controller 102, which in turn causes controller 102 to transition from one power-state (e.g., sleep mode) to another power-state (e.g. awake mode). [0031] In one embodiment, when detection module 1 18 detects a power-state transition event such as a particular radio frequency, the event is recorded in memory 108.
  • a power-state transition event such as a particular radio frequency
  • the event may be recorded as a simple flag, setting of a bit, or recording of a code.
  • the recording of the event is indicative of what type of event occurred. For example, the recordation of a value of 1 may indicate that a particular radio frequency was received, the recordation of a value of 2 may indicate a timer expired, the recordation of a value of 3 may indicate that the battery is low, and so forth. It is noted that the aforementioned values are for discussion purposes, and that actual signals, bits or data that are recorded indicative of an event may take various forms.
  • Fig. 2 shows a logical computing environment in which mini-applications (code) are accessed and executed, responsive to particular power-state transition events.
  • the recording of the event (step A), prompts computer device 100 to transition from a first power-state to a second power-state, such as from a sleep mode to an active mode of operation.
  • this may cause processor 104 to be powered-up to execute a first set of code 202 (also see step (B)) from non-volatile memory (e.g., ROM) 112, which prompts computing device 100 to boot-up.
  • processor 102 is instructed to examine the recorded event value to find a next set of code to execute, such as one or more applications (see step C and D).
  • the recorded event may be used as an index to a table 204 (step (C)).
  • a table 204 Contained within table 204 are corresponding locations of a second set of code stored in a second memory device, such as flash memory 1 14.
  • Each corresponding location 1, 2, ..., N, in flash 1 14 contains a second set of code (a mini- application) which is specifically adapted to respond to the particular power-state transition event.
  • location 1 may contain a mini-application for responding to a particular radio frequency event
  • location 2 may contain a mini-application for responding to a counter expiration
  • location 3 may contain a mini-application for responding to a request for a product code, and so forth.
  • the code e.g. mini-application
  • step (D) the code (e.g. mini-application) specifically associated with the power-state transition event
  • volatile memory e.g., RAM
  • processor 104 executes a particular mini-application configured to respond to an occurrence of a particular power-state transition event.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates an exemplary method 300 for conserving power in a computing device, such as device 100 of Fig. 1.
  • Method 300 includes blocks 302, 304, 306, 308 and 310 (each of the blocks represents one or more operational acts).
  • the order in which the method is described is not to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described method blocks can be combined in any order to implement the method.
  • the method can be implemented in any suitable hardware, software, firmware, or combination thereof.
  • each module in Fig. 3 is shown as a single block, it is understood that when actually implemented in the form of computer-executable instructions, logic, firmware, and/or hardware, that the functionality described with reference to it may not exist as a separate identifiable block.
  • a first one of a plurality of power-state transition events is recorded.
  • detection module 1 18 (Fig. 1) detects some type of power-state transition event.
  • the detected power-state transition event may include any one of a plurality of events, such as, but not limited to, the expiration of a timer, the request for an electronic product code, the receipt of magnetic energy such as via a choke point, the detection of a current, any succession of events within a specified period of time, or various other events which may cause a computing device to switch from a first power-state to a second power-state.
  • the particular event is then recorded in memory 108 (Fig. 1).
  • the recording typically includes data indicating which particular type of the plurality of power-state transition events occurred.
  • controller 102 transitions from a low-power state to a high-power state, and power is supplied to processor 104 and potentially other elements to enable controller 102 to respond to the particular power-state transition event.
  • a first set of code is executed in response to the recordation of the event in memory as described in block 302.
  • processor 104 may execute code from ROM (Fig. 1) in response to the recordation.
  • This code may boot up controller 102 (Fig. 1) (also see step (A) Fig. 2) and in one embodiment may include looking-up a location for a second set of code (mini-application) from a table 204 (Fig. 2) corresponding to the particular event.
  • Other techniques may be used for accessing the second set of code including state machine logic, direct memory map to the medium on which the second set of code is stored, or other techniques as would be appreciated by those skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
  • the second set of code (see step (D) (Fig. 2) is accessed from a first memory device and transferred to a second memory device in response to executing the first set of code in block 304. That is, the second set of code is transferred from a first memory medium to a second memory medium, the second memory medium having a different electrical characteristic than the first memory medium.
  • a second set of code such as a mini-application is transferred from a location in flash 114 (Figs. 1 and 2) to a volatile memory 1 10 (Figs. 1 and 2) for quick access and execution by processor 104 (Fig. 1).
  • the second set of code is executed by one or more processors. That is, the second set of code, which is associated with a particular one of the plurality of power-state transition events is executed by at least one processor. For example, a mini- application specifically programmed to respond to an occurrence of the particular power- state transition event is executed by processor 104.
  • method 300 may proceed to block 310 in which it is possible for controller 102 (Fig. 1) to transition back to a low power state (sleep mode).
  • Embodiments of the present invention described herein provide further energy savings when a computing device, such as an RFID tag, transitions from a first power state (such as a sleep mode of operation) to a second power state (such as an awake mode of operation).
  • a computing device such as an RFID tag
  • transitions from a first power state such as a sleep mode of operation
  • a second power state such as an awake mode of operation
  • references herein to "one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, or similar formulations herein, means that a particular feature, structure, operation, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment, is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearances of such phrases or formulations herein are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, various particular features, structures, operations, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
  • a lesser or more equipped computing device, operating system, application, and code management system than the examples described above may be preferred for certain implementations. Therefore, the configurations will vary from implementation to implementation depending upon numerous factors, such as price constraints, performance requirements, technological improvements, or other circumstances.
  • the particular nature of the computing device and any attached devices may be adapted to the intended use of the device. Any one or more of the devices, interfaces, or interconnects may be eliminated from this system and others may be added. For example, a variety of different connections to other equipment may be provided based on different wired or wireless protocols. In addition, a variety of different power sources may be adapted to suit different applications.
  • the present invention may include various steps.
  • the steps of the present invention may be performed by hardware components, such as those shown in the Figures, or may be embodied in machine-executable instructions, which may be used to cause general-purpose or special-purpose processor or logic circuits programmed with the instructions to perform the steps.
  • the steps may be performed by a combination of hardware and software.
  • the present invention may be provided as a computer program product which may include a machine-readable medium having stored thereon instructions which may be used to program an agent or a computer system to perform a process according to the present invention.
  • the machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, floppy diskettes, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magneto-optical disks, ROMs, RAMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnet or optical cards, flash memory, or other type of machine- readable media suitable for storing electronic instructions.
  • the present invention may also be downloaded as a computer program product, wherein the program may be transferred from a remote computer to a requesting computer by way of data signals embodied in a carrier wave or other propagation medium via a communication link (e.g., a modem or network connection).
  • a communication link e.g., a modem or network connection

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Abstract

Selon l'invention, l'énergie peut être conservée dans un système informatique par utilisation d'applications miniatures. Selon un exemple, un procédé peut être mis en oeuvre tel que l'enregistrement d'un premier événement parmi une pluralité d'événements de transition d'état de puissance, l'exécution d'un premier ensemble de code en réponse à l'enregistrement et l'exécution d'un second ensemble de code uniquement associé au premier des événements de transition d'état de puissance. Les deux ensembles de codes peuvent être deux applications miniatures différentes.
PCT/AU2008/000025 2007-02-08 2008-01-10 Conservation d'énergie à l'aide d'applications miniatures Ceased WO2008095225A1 (fr)

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US70457007A 2007-02-08 2007-02-08
US11/704,570 2007-02-08

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11659996B2 (en) 2007-03-23 2023-05-30 Qualcomm Incorporated Multi-sensor data collection and/or processing

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US5754869A (en) * 1994-10-04 1998-05-19 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for managing power consumption of the CPU and on-board system devices of personal computers
US6748299B1 (en) * 2002-09-17 2004-06-08 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Approach for managing power consumption in buildings
US20040268157A1 (en) * 2003-06-25 2004-12-30 International Business Machines Corporation Restoring power in a hot swappable multi-server data processing environment
US20060179332A1 (en) * 2005-02-08 2006-08-10 Honeywell International Inc. Power system providing power to at least one component including circuit for minimizing effects of power interruptions and method of using same

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5754869A (en) * 1994-10-04 1998-05-19 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for managing power consumption of the CPU and on-board system devices of personal computers
US6748299B1 (en) * 2002-09-17 2004-06-08 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Approach for managing power consumption in buildings
US20040268157A1 (en) * 2003-06-25 2004-12-30 International Business Machines Corporation Restoring power in a hot swappable multi-server data processing environment
US20060179332A1 (en) * 2005-02-08 2006-08-10 Honeywell International Inc. Power system providing power to at least one component including circuit for minimizing effects of power interruptions and method of using same

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11659996B2 (en) 2007-03-23 2023-05-30 Qualcomm Incorporated Multi-sensor data collection and/or processing

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