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WO2008085357A2 - Détection par spectrométrie laser de l'effet de raman exhalté de surface avec un pré-filtre de séparation d'ions - Google Patents

Détection par spectrométrie laser de l'effet de raman exhalté de surface avec un pré-filtre de séparation d'ions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008085357A2
WO2008085357A2 PCT/US2007/025929 US2007025929W WO2008085357A2 WO 2008085357 A2 WO2008085357 A2 WO 2008085357A2 US 2007025929 W US2007025929 W US 2007025929W WO 2008085357 A2 WO2008085357 A2 WO 2008085357A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ion
set forth
target ions
sers substrate
sers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2007/025929
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2008085357A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael Vestel
Caterina Netti
Erkinjon Nazarov
Gareth S. Dobson
Stephen L. Coy
Richard L. Copeland
Michael J. Coggiola
Lawrence Dubois
Alexander Hallock
Joseph R. Stetter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
D3 Technologies Ltd
SRI International Inc
Sionex Corp
Original Assignee
D3 Technologies Ltd
SRI International Inc
Sionex Corp
Stanford Research Institute
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by D3 Technologies Ltd, SRI International Inc, Sionex Corp, Stanford Research Institute filed Critical D3 Technologies Ltd
Priority to US12/448,795 priority Critical patent/US8129676B2/en
Publication of WO2008085357A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008085357A2/fr
Publication of WO2008085357A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008085357A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/65—Raman scattering
    • G01N21/658—Raman scattering enhancement Raman, e.g. surface plasmons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
    • H01J49/004—Combinations of spectrometers, tandem spectrometers, e.g. MS/MS, MSn

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to chemical detection. More particularly, the present invention relates to the identification of ions using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with an ion separation pre-filter.
  • SERS surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
  • BACKGROUND Industries including security and defense, require instruments to detect and identify a variety of compounds, including toxic industrial chemicals and materials, explosives, chemical warfare agents (CWA), biological agents and other potentially dangerous agents. Due to the current heightened fears of terrorist activity, highly sensitive, selective, and accurate detecting instruments are particularly desired for security screening purposes, such as in airports.
  • CWA chemical warfare agents
  • the instruments currently employed for detection of explosives and CWAs include ion mobility spectrometers, mass spectrometers, liquid chromatographs, and gas chromatographs. These instruments, however, have low sensitivity and low selectivity; consequently, they suffer from high false alarm rates.
  • a measure of the sensitivity of a detector is its limit of detection. In the case of the currently employed technologies, the limit of detection can be significant, thereby allowing trace chemicals to go undetected.
  • the current instruments also suffer from high false alarm rates. False positive alarms can be time-consuming and cause delays in the screening process. More importantly, high false alarm rates reduce the confidence of the user in the instrument producing the false alarms, which discourages the user from using the instrument. Obviously, security suffers when the detecting instrument is not utilized.
  • SERS Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
  • the present invention addresses the problem of detecting and identifying compounds.
  • the present invention advances the art with a SERS ion detector with an ion separation pre-filter.
  • the present invention is directed to detection and identification of ions formed in the ionization of an analyte sample with a SERS system and an ion separation pre-filter.
  • An ion separator is used to separate target ions to be identified from different ion species.
  • the target ions are steered and deposited onto a SERS substrate.
  • An optical probe measures a spectroscopic signal of the substrate with the deposited ions.
  • the spectroscopic signal is a molecular vibrational spectrum, i.e. a Raman spectrum.
  • a computer compares the measured signal with a library of stored signals to identify the analyte.
  • the ion separator can be a differential ion mobility spectrometer, an ion mobility spectrometer, or a mass spectrometer. Additional ion identification instruments, such as gas chromatographs and liquid chromatographs, can be used in combination with the ion separator to more effectively distinguish and separate the ions.
  • the present invention can also have a detector electrode for measuring the ion current from the target ions.
  • the detector electrode can include an electron multiplier, a photomultiplier, or an amplification circuit to improve the ion current measurement.
  • the total ion current can be used to detect ions without the operation of the SERS system.
  • the SERS substrate can be used as the detector electrode and both the ion current measurement and the spectroscopic signal measurement can occur essentially simultaneously.
  • Additional components to improve the performance of the present invention include a flow-producing means, a cooling means, and a focusing means.
  • a fan can produce gas flow away from the SERS substrate to reduce the contamination of the SERS substrate by neutral particles.
  • the ions are efficiently deposited onto the substrate and the Raman detection sensitivity is increased. Focusing the target ions onto a deposition area of the substrate can further improve the detector by increasing the density of target ions to be identified.
  • Multiple component analysis can be accomplished by dividing the SERS substrate into multiple segments separated by an insulator. With target ions deposited on each segment, the optical probe can measure the spectroscopic signal of each segment separately. The different segments can also have different substrate properties and/or probe settings. The multiple segments and optical probe can also allow imaging and detection of the whole segment area.
  • a highly sensitive SERS system can be used to verify the identity of the target ions with a high degree of confidence and a very low false alarm rate.
  • the ion spectrometer solves contamination problems of SERS, whereas SERS alleviates the high false alarm rate of ion spectrometer detectors.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) device with an ion separation pre-filter for detecting and identifying ions according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a measured Raman spectroscopic signal from a device of the present invention and a reference signal for identifying the measured Raman signal.
  • FIG. 3 shows cooling, focusing, and flow-producing components for the device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of a SERS substrate with multiple segments according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a device 100 with high selectivity for ion detection and identification using a SERS system and an ion spectrometer pre-filter.
  • a gas of transport particles and sample particles are introduced into the device from the left and the sample particles are ionized by an ionization source 105.
  • the gas flow delivers the charged 120 and neutral 110 particles to an ion separator.
  • the ion separator identifies and separates target ions from multiple ion species for delivery of the target ions to the SERS system.
  • the selection of target ions by the ion separator depends on physical parameters of the ions, such as the ion mobility.
  • the ion separator can operate essentially continuously.
  • the target ions are steered into the SERS system.
  • the SERS system provides identity verification for the target ions to reduce or eliminate false alarms that may plague an ion separator by itself.
  • the ion separator and the SERS system act as orthogonal detection means with the ion separator as a pre-filter for SERS.
  • the SERS system includes a SERS substrate 140, an optical probe 150, and a computing means 160.
  • the target ions are steered and deposited onto the SERS substrate 140.
  • the optical probe 150 measures a spectroscopic signal 180 by exciting the SERS substrate 140 and measuring the molecular signal, such as the Raman scattering signal. This signal is unique for each molecule and provides an unambiguous identification of the molecular or ion species.
  • the optical probe 150 generally employs a laser 155.
  • the spectroscopic signal 180 is transmitted to the computing means 160, such as a computer, for identification of the signal 180.
  • a library of reference spectroscopic signals is stored on the computer 160 or is accessible by the computer 160.
  • the measured spectroscopic signal 180 is compared with the reference signals to identify the measured signal 180.
  • FIG. 2 shows plots for identifying a sample based on the spectroscopic measurements of the device of FIG. 1.
  • the background spectrum, where no particles have been deposited onto the SERS substrate, is shown by FIG. 2(c).
  • FIG. 2(a) shows a reference spectrum measured from a SERS substrate with dissolved TNT deposited directly onto the substrate.
  • the spectrum of FIG. 2(b) was measured from a SERS substrate with deposited ions, where the deposited ions are from an ionized solid sample and selected as target ions by an ion spectrometer pre-filter.
  • the peaks in the spectroscopic signal to be identified align with the peaks of the reference spectroscopic signal.
  • the Raman "fingerprint" clearly identifies that the sample contains TNT.
  • the library of reference spectroscopic signals include spectra of an explosive, a home-made explosive, a flammable liquid, a chemical warfare agent, a chemical agent, a biological agent, a biochemical agent, a toxic industrial chemical, a toxic industrial material, an organic material, or any combination thereof.
  • the device 100 is preferably for industrial, analytical, military, or security purposes. In particular, the device 100 can be used for airport screening.
  • the operation of the present invention is independent of the source of ionization.
  • heating is used for controlled sublimation of a sample to be analyzed.
  • the gaseous sample is then ionized by an ionization source 105.
  • Ionization sources 105 include a corona source, a radioactive source, or an electrospray device.
  • a preferred embodiment uses a film of Ni 63 as a radioactive ionization source.
  • the device can be operated at elevated temperatures to help reduce precipitation.
  • a neutral gas which can be air, nitrogen, helium, argon, xenon or any combination thereof, flows through the device 100 and helps to direct the ions to the ion separator.
  • the ion separator can be a mass spectrometer, an ion mobility spectrometer, a differential ion mobility spectrometer (DMS), or any other device capable of separating target ions from multiple ion species.
  • the ion separator can include an additional ion filter.
  • the ion filter can perform gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, or a combination thereof.
  • FIG. 1 shows a SERS ion detecting and identifying device 100 with a DMS pre-filter as the ion separator.
  • Differential ion mobility spectroscopy requires the application of a radiofrequency (RF) voltage superimposed with a DC compensation voltage.
  • electrodes 130 produce the RF voltage, thereby forming an asymmetric waveform RF electric field for inducing wave-like trajectories of the ions.
  • the SERS substrate 140 can function as a detector electrode and, in combination with a deflector electrode 170, can produce the compensation voltage.
  • the detector electrode and a deflector electrode 170 can also be used to establish a voltage gradient to steer and deposit the target ions onto the SERS substrate 140.
  • DMS spectrometers identify ions based on their trajectories from a particular combination of RF voltage and compensation voltage or ranges of RF and compensation voltages.
  • the use of a specific combination of RF and compensation voltages can allow isolation of a single compound of the sample from a multi- component mixture due to the differences in the ion mobility of different compounds.
  • the RF and compensation voltages can be any value and generally depend on the compounds to be identified and the geometry and dimensions of the device.
  • the RF voltage produces a RF electric field ranging in strength from about 0 V/cm to about 25000 V/cm and the compensation voltage produces a DC electric field ranging in strength from about 20 V/cm to about 30 V/cm.
  • the detector electrode can also be used to measure the current of the target ions.
  • the SERS substrate 140 is a detector electrode, however another electrode can be used as a detector electrode for ion current measurement.
  • the device is capable of detecting ions in a similar fashion as a conventional DMS device.
  • the neutral particles and ions of species other than the target ion species will not be absorbed onto the detector electrode and will not contribute to the detected ion current.
  • the device is still capable of identifying and selectively detecting compounds based on an ion current analysis of the target ions.
  • the SERS system can be operated continuously with the ion separator or only when verification or additional sensitivity is desired.
  • the SERS system is especially necessary when detection is required in an environment with high levels of interferences.
  • the detector electrode can also include an electron multiplier, a photomultiplier, an amplification circuit, or any combination thereof for improving the ion current analysis.
  • FIG. 3 shows an enlargement of the region near the SERS substrate 140 of an embodiment of the present invention with optional flow-producing 310, focusing 320, and cooling 330 components.
  • the flowing gas of neutral particles 110 and ions 120 enters the region.
  • a deflector electrode 170 and the SERS substrate 140 produce an electric field E to steer the ions to the SERS substrate 140.
  • Neutral particles 110 are not affected by the electric field E and are ideally not deposited onto the SERS substrate 140. However, contamination of the SERS substrate 140 with neutral particles 110 can occur.
  • a means for producing flow 310, such as a fan, away from the SERS substrate 140 reduces this contamination.
  • the electric field E is sufficiently strong, the ions 120 can be deposited onto the SERS substrate 140 despite the gas flow away from the substrate 140.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cooling means 330 for cooling the SERS substrate 140.
  • the cooling means 330 can be a container with liquid nitrogen in thermal contact with the SERS substrate 140, a Peltier refrigerator, a water cooling device, a fan, or any combination thereof.
  • FIG. 3 also shows an insulating wafer 320 for focusing the target ions onto a deposition area on the SERS substrate 140, where the deposition area can be less than the total area of the SERS substrate.
  • the insulating wafer 320 has a hole 325 where target ions can pass through and be directed toward the deposition area of the SERS substrate 140.
  • the insulating wafer 320 deflects those ions with trajectories that do not pass through the hole 325.
  • the hole 325 may be funnel-shaped or have multiple concentric rings to better direct the ions onto the deposition area of the SERS substrate 140 without deflecting a large number of stable target ions away.
  • the insulating wafer 320 is preferably composed of Teflon.
  • the SERS substrate 140 can be divided into multiple segments 410 to allow for multiple component analysis.
  • FIG. 4 shows a SERS substrate 140 with segments 410 separated by insulators 420. Stable target ions can be deposited in each of the segments 410 and the optical probe 150 can measure a spectroscopic signal for each of the segments 410 separately. The number of distinct samples separated by the ion spectrometer could equal the number of segments 410 on the SERS substrate 140.
  • each or a subset of segments 410 can be composed of a different material, such as different metals.
  • the Raman response depends on the substrate material, therefore different materials could improve the identification of the sample.
  • the optical probe settings such as the laser light frequency and intensity, can be different for each segment 410.
  • the division of multiple segments 410 allows for a more efficient use of the SERS substrate 140.
  • the device of the present invention is operable in a wide range of thermodynamic conditions.
  • the device can be operated at a range of pressure from less than 10 "6 Torr to 10 15 Torr, preferably from about 600 Torr to about 1000 Torr.
  • the temperature range can range from about 1 K to higher than about 600 K. Pressure and temperature gradients can also be present.
  • the device operates at atmospheric pressure and room temperature.
  • the computer of the SERS system can be substituted by any computing means, negative and positive ions can be detected, and one or more additional electrodes can be used as detector electrodes or for steering the target ions. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined by the following claims and their legal equivalents.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne la détection et l'identification d'ions à l'aide d'une spectrométrie laser de l'effet de Raman exhalté de surface (SERS) et d'un pré-filtre de séparation d'ions, tel qu'un spectromètre ionique. La combinaison d'un séparateur d'ions en tant que pré-filtre pour la SERS fournit un détecteur hautement sensible avec de très faibles taux de fausses alarmes. Les ions cibles provenant d'un échantillon ionisé sont identifiés et séparés par le séparateur d'ions. Les ions cibles sont dirigés et déposés sur un substrat de SERS pour une analyse de spectroscopie Raman avec une sonde optique. Le spectre Raman est comparé avec des spectres de référence, et la composition de l'échantillon est identifiée. Le courant d'ions provenant des ions cibles peut également être mesuré, de préférence simultanément avec la mesure du spectre Raman. Les types de séparateurs d'ions comprennent un appareil de spectrométrie différentielle de mobilité ionique, un appareil de spectrométrie de mobilité ionique ou un spectromètre de masse.
PCT/US2007/025929 2007-01-05 2007-12-17 Détection par spectrométrie laser de l'effet de raman exhalté de surface avec un pré-filtre de séparation d'ions Ceased WO2008085357A2 (fr)

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Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US87890207P 2007-01-05 2007-01-05
US60/878,902 2007-01-05

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WO2008085357A3 WO2008085357A3 (fr) 2008-08-28

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN102478542A (zh) * 2010-11-30 2012-05-30 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 一种平板式差分式离子迁移谱
JP2013032982A (ja) * 2011-08-02 2013-02-14 Seiko Epson Corp 検出装置
WO2014170400A1 (fr) * 2013-04-18 2014-10-23 Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen e.V. Procédé et dispositif de détection et d'identification de substances très volatiles présentes dans une phase gazeuse, par spectroscopie vibrationnelle exaltée par effet de surface
WO2015136695A1 (fr) * 2014-03-14 2015-09-17 株式会社 東芝 Dispositif et procédé de détection modulaire
WO2016108126A1 (fr) * 2014-12-31 2016-07-07 Dh Technologies Development Pte. Ltd. Procédé de spectrométrie de mobilité différentielle
CN115732308A (zh) * 2022-11-28 2023-03-03 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 一种离子软沉积装置

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US10254229B2 (en) 2007-04-18 2019-04-09 Ondavia, Inc. Portable water quality instrument
US8766177B2 (en) 2010-10-11 2014-07-01 University Of North Texas Nanomanipulation coupled nanospray mass spectrometry (NMS)
TWI500921B (zh) 2013-01-14 2015-09-21 Ind Tech Res Inst 光學感測晶片
US9134249B2 (en) 2013-01-25 2015-09-15 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Electric field generating apparatus for performing spectroscopy
CA2932671A1 (fr) * 2013-12-31 2015-07-09 Dh Technologies Development Pte. Ltd. Spectrometrie a mobilite differentielle sous vide a guides d'ions hautement efficaces
US11867631B2 (en) 2014-03-05 2024-01-09 Ondavia, Inc. Portable water quality instrument
WO2017049114A1 (fr) 2015-09-16 2017-03-23 Ondavia, Inc. Mesure de la concentration d'analytes dans des échantillons liquides par de spectroscopie raman exaltée en surface
US10466177B2 (en) 2016-02-28 2019-11-05 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Sample substance molecular bonds breakdown and SEL collection
TWI612281B (zh) 2016-09-26 2018-01-21 財團法人工業技術研究院 干涉分光元件封裝裝置
US11002682B2 (en) 2018-03-12 2021-05-11 Ondavia, Inc. Aldehyde detection and analysis using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
CN112798572B (zh) * 2020-12-30 2022-11-22 北京华泰诺安探测技术有限公司 一种拉曼光谱与离子迁移谱联合检测方法和装置
US11994455B2 (en) 2021-04-01 2024-05-28 Ondavia, Inc. Analyte quantitation using Raman spectroscopy
GB202304891D0 (en) * 2023-03-31 2023-05-17 Univ Liverpool Apparatus and method

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US7005632B2 (en) * 2002-04-12 2006-02-28 Sionex Corporation Method and apparatus for control of mobility-based ion species identification
US6815668B2 (en) * 1999-07-21 2004-11-09 The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Method and apparatus for chromatography-high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry
US7381373B2 (en) * 2002-06-07 2008-06-03 Purdue Research Foundation System and method for preparative mass spectrometry
US7361890B2 (en) * 2004-07-02 2008-04-22 Griffin Analytical Technologies, Inc. Analytical instruments, assemblies, and methods
US7608818B2 (en) * 2005-04-29 2009-10-27 Sionex Corporation Compact gas chromatography and ion mobility based sample analysis systems, methods, and devices

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102478542A (zh) * 2010-11-30 2012-05-30 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 一种平板式差分式离子迁移谱
JP2013032982A (ja) * 2011-08-02 2013-02-14 Seiko Epson Corp 検出装置
WO2014170400A1 (fr) * 2013-04-18 2014-10-23 Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen e.V. Procédé et dispositif de détection et d'identification de substances très volatiles présentes dans une phase gazeuse, par spectroscopie vibrationnelle exaltée par effet de surface
WO2015136695A1 (fr) * 2014-03-14 2015-09-17 株式会社 東芝 Dispositif et procédé de détection modulaire
JPWO2015136695A1 (ja) * 2014-03-14 2017-04-06 株式会社東芝 分子検出装置および方法
WO2016108126A1 (fr) * 2014-12-31 2016-07-07 Dh Technologies Development Pte. Ltd. Procédé de spectrométrie de mobilité différentielle
CN115732308A (zh) * 2022-11-28 2023-03-03 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 一种离子软沉积装置

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WO2008085357A3 (fr) 2008-08-28
US20110266429A1 (en) 2011-11-03
US8129676B2 (en) 2012-03-06

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