WO2008083680A2 - Use of cohn-oncley fractions ii/iii and/or iii for production of a pharmaceutical preparation for treating and preventing organ manifestations in autoimmune diseases - Google Patents
Use of cohn-oncley fractions ii/iii and/or iii for production of a pharmaceutical preparation for treating and preventing organ manifestations in autoimmune diseases Download PDFInfo
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- the invention relates to the use of Cohn-Oncley fractions II / III and III for the preparation of a pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of organ manifestations in autoimmune diseases, in particular glomerulonephritis and / or Wegener's granulomatosis.
- SLE lupus erythematosus
- SLE lupus erythematosus
- antibodies are formed against the body's own components of the cell interior, which are e.g. In the case of tissue lesions, emerge from the closed cell, while the immune system considers it foreign to the body and fights it. This creates a fatal reaction cycle.
- SLE occurs predominantly for the first time in young women. The occurrence in the total population is about 1: 2000, in females between 20 and 30 years about 1: 700. About half of the patients develop chronic glomerulonephritis, the most common cause of SLE death in the past.
- This generalized autoimmune disease of unexplained aetiology is usually associated with the formation of numerous autoantibodies, immune complexes, and changes in the complement system.
- Common clinical complaints are arthritides, skin inflammations such as erythema, changes in the blood count, nephritides, pleuritides, pericarditis and endocarditis, such as the Libmann-Sachs syndrome, as well as neurological and psychological disorders.
- the course of the disease is variable and often fatal after decades of chronic course.
- glomerulonephritis develops in the late phase. It is one of the most serious organ complications in SLE, which is usually the main cause of chronic dialysis kidney failure.
- a special subform of this disease is the so-called steroid-resistant glomerulonephritis, which is no longer treatable even with high cortisone doses.
- EP 0413 188 A2 describes a process for the preparation of intravenously tolerated immunoglobulin preparations which are chemically non-modifiable and which contain more than 5% IgM and more than 10% IgA, based on the total immunoglobulin content. These preparations thus obtained have a low anticomplementary activity.
- the globulins are thereby obtained by means of a Cohn-Oncley fraction Il / III or III and purified by anion chromatography. Impurities are already removed in the precipitation with 0.5 to 5% octanoic acid at pH 4-6.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide an easily obtainable and readily available agent for the treatment and prevention of organ manifestations in autoimmune diseases.
- a further object of the invention is to provide such an agent for the treatment and prevention of glomerulonephritis, in particular primary glomerulonephritis and / or Wegner's granulomatosis.
- the invention also has the object of providing a means by which consequential damage of lupus erythematosus, in particular the development of glomerulon or lupus nephritis, can be prevented or symptoms that have already appeared can be alleviated or completely eliminated.
- Oncley Group Il / III are included in particular in substances containing the organzer destroying antibodies of autoimmune diseases, in particular the
- Glomeruli of the kidney can be treated. Such a fraction also contains anti-ds DNA antibodies among other components.
- Such Cohn-Oncley fractions are usually obtained by pooling donor sera, with mostly 3,000 to 10,000 and sometimes even 100,000 sera from healthy donors being used.
- pooled sera contain a myriad of different substances, especially proteins and lipoproteins. They also contain so-called "natural” antibodies, which are formed by the body without immunization even in the absence of an immunizing antigen.
- the majority of such antibodies are IgG, which are distributed in a variety of also intravenously administered preparations from various companies.
- Natural antibodies are polyreactive and bind with a variety of different antigens.
- Typical precipitants are alcohols and polyalcohols, such as ethanol, propanol and isopropanol, and also polyols, such as, for example, ethylene glycol or propanediol.
- ketones such as acetone
- Other precipitating agents are carboxylic acids, especially C 5 - to C 2 - carboxylic acids, C 7 to C 9, especially the octanoic acid or Ca prylklare are particularly preferred.
- Such precipitation solutions are usually buffered.
- Typical buffers are known in the art, with phosphate buffered solution or buffers containing phosphates, especially alkali and alkaline earth phosphates, such as di- and tricalcium phosphate, are particularly preferred.
- the precipitation is carried out in a sour environment, i. H. at a pH ⁇ 7.2, with pHs ⁇ 6, especially ⁇ 5.5 being preferred.
- Particularly preferred are precipitates at a pH below 5, especially below 4.5, d. H. at values of about 4 or even lower.
- the particular mole fraction of the organic precipitating agent to be used is readily ascertainable by the skilled person and is for example between 18 and 40% by volume for the ethanol, corresponding to a mole fraction of 0.0624 to 0.163, with a mole fraction of 0.0907 +/- 0.015 being especially is preferred. It is most preferred to carry out the precipitation according to the usual description of Cohn and Oncley at a mole fraction of 0.091 ethanol in the presence of calcium triphosphate. Another preferred. Method is the Precipitation in the presence of nucleotide phosphate, in particular of polynucleotide phosphates.
- the serum and the precipitate are carried out in the presence of an inactivating agent for microorganisms, pathogenic germs and other disease-causing agents.
- an inactivating agent for microorganisms, pathogenic germs and other disease-causing agents.
- a typical inactivating agent is, for example, ⁇ -propiolactone, which is also used to increase the iV. Compatibility is used. Of course, this compatibility can also be carried out with any other suitable pharmaceutical acceptable agents.
- the Cohn-Oncley fractions used in the invention by means of chromatographic methods, such as.
- anion exchangers immobilized with protein A and / or protein G absorbents or increased its concentration of the remaining components, such as anti-ds DNA IgM.
- composition prepared according to the invention is preferably at least partially freed from with precipitated IgA and IgG antibodies or their concentration depleted. This can be z. Example by means of the abovementioned mentioned chromatographic methods as well as by chromatography according to the molecular size.
- the agent prepared according to the invention is freed of protein fractions having a molecular weight ⁇ 180 kDa, preferably ⁇ 200 kDa, in particular ⁇ 300 kDa.
- the agent obtained according to the invention can be administered both intravenously and subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intrapleurally or intraperitoneally. It has been shown that the agent according to the invention can also be administered orally by means of suitable administration methods and Galenic processing. In this case, it is preferably processed in such a way that, by means of processes known to the person skilled in the art, digestion or degradation by means of proteases or other denaturation in the upper intestinal region, especially in the stomach and in the pancreas, is avoided.
- subcutaneous or intramuscular or intraperitoneal administration of the composition according to the invention is particularly effective, it is also readily administered intravenously, whereby it can be administered as needed both rapidly and in larger doses, as in intramuscular or subcutaneous administration are not possible.
- the pharmaceutical agent produced according to the invention is also suitable for complementary therapy together with other known agents for the treatment of SLE, in particular anti-inflammatory agents such as aspirin and / or corticosteroids and also cytostatics, in particular cyclophosphamide, azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil.
- anti-inflammatory agents such as aspirin and / or corticosteroids
- cytostatics in particular cyclophosphamide, azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil.
- the invention thus also relates to a pharmaceutical combination pack for the simultaneous or time-staggered administration of an IgM-containing agent prepared according to the invention together with a further anti-inflammatory drug, an immunosuppressive drug and / or a cytostatic drug.
- a pharmaceutical combination pack for the simultaneous or time-staggered administration of an IgM-containing agent prepared according to the invention together with a further anti-inflammatory drug, an immunosuppressive drug and / or a cytostatic drug.
- the therapeutic agent prepared according to the present invention it is possible to treat a variety of clinical diseases of lupus erythematosus, such as nephritis, especially glomerulonephritis, including persistent proteinuria and acute and chronic renal failure as well as other organ manifestations such as butterfly erythema, mucous ulcer, Polyarthritis, in particular non-deforming polyarthritis, arthralgias, articular effusions, serositides such as pleurisy and pericarditis
- the treatment by means of plasmapheresis ie a plasma exchange by means of apparative removal of autoantibodies (immunoapheresis)
- a plasma exchange by means of apparative removal of autoantibodies can be combined with the administration of the agent prepared according to the invention, or by means of the fractions used according to the invention, appropriate apheresis devices can be produced.
- appropriate apheresis devices can be produced.
- mice represent a standard animal model that forms typical autoantibodies, with spontaneous glomerulonephritis developing after 6 to 8 months. From such mice, three treatment groups of 10 mice each were formed. Each A: was a control group that received no therapy.
- B a group receiving intravenously administered 300 ⁇ g (in terms of protein content) of the agent obtained according to the invention at weekly intervals from 4 months of age.
- C a group receiving a subcutaneous injection of 300 ⁇ g each of the agent of the invention from 4 months of age at weekly intervals.
- mice had died after an average of 32 +/- 2 weeks. Both the animals treated by intravenous administration (Group B) and the animals treated by subcutaneous administration (Group C) achieved an average survival of 37.5 +/- 3 weeks. This effect is all the more surprising since the mice developed an allergic reaction against the administered human proteins. Despite this induced allergy, a clear survival rate was found in the mice treated according to the invention.
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Abstract
Description
Verwendung von Cohn-Oncley-Fraktionen Il/Ill und/oder IM zur Herstellung einer pharmazeutischen Use of Cohn-Oncley fractions Il / III and / or IM for the preparation of a pharmaceutical
Zubereitung zur Behandlung und Vorbeugung vonPreparation for the treatment and prevention of
Organmanifestationen bei AutoimmunerkrankungenOrgan manifestations in autoimmune diseases
BESCHREIBUNGDESCRIPTION
Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von Cohn-Oncley-Fraktionen Il/Ill sowie III zur Herstellung einer pharmazeutischen Zubereitung zur Behandlung von Organmanifestationen bei Autoimmunerkrankungen, insbesonders der Glomerulonephritis und/oder der Wegenerschen Granulomatose.The invention relates to the use of Cohn-Oncley fractions II / III and III for the preparation of a pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of organ manifestations in autoimmune diseases, in particular glomerulonephritis and / or Wegener's granulomatosis.
Bei einer Vielzahl von Autoimmunerkrankungen entwickeln sich als Folge der überschießenden Produktion von Antikörpern Schäden in verschiedenen Orga- nen, wie z. B. der Niere.In a large number of autoimmune diseases, as a result of the excessive production of antibodies, damage develops in various organs, such as, for example, B. the kidney.
So ist z. B. der Lupus erythematodes (SLE) eine äußerst schwerwiegende, ernst zu nehmende Autoimmunerkrankung, die in vielen Fällen zum Tode führt. Dabei werden Antikörper gegen körpereigene Bestandteile des Zellinneren ge- bildet, die z.B. bei Gewebeläsionen aus der geschlossenen Zelle austreten, dabei vom Immunsystem als körperfremd angesehen und bekämpft werden. Auf diese Weise entsteht ein fataler Reaktionszyklus. SLE tritt vorwiegend erstmals bei jungen Frauen auf. Das Auftreten in der Gesamtbevölkerung beträgt ca. 1 :2000, bei Frauen zwischen 20 und 30 Jahren ca. 1 :700. Dabei entwickelt sich bei etwa der Hälfte der Patienten im Verlauf der chronischen Erkrankung eine Glomerulonephritis, die früher die häufigste Todesursache des SLE war.So z. For example, lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an extremely serious, serious autoimmune disease that in many cases leads to death. In this case, antibodies are formed against the body's own components of the cell interior, which are e.g. In the case of tissue lesions, emerge from the closed cell, while the immune system considers it foreign to the body and fights it. This creates a fatal reaction cycle. SLE occurs predominantly for the first time in young women. The occurrence in the total population is about 1: 2000, in females between 20 and 30 years about 1: 700. About half of the patients develop chronic glomerulonephritis, the most common cause of SLE death in the past.
Neben dem charakteristischen sogenannten "Schmetterlings"-Erythem, treten bei lang andauerndem Krankheitsverlauf häufig schwere Gelenkentzündungen auf. Auch rekurierende Pleuritiden mit oder ohne Ergüsse sind häufig. Schwere SLE-Erkrankungen werden üblicherweise mit einer sofortigen Kortikosteroid Therapie behandelt um Folgeschäden, wie eine hämolytische Anämie, Nieren- schaden, Vaskulitis sowie akute ZNS-Beteiligungen abzuschwächen. Diese Therapien führen jedoch bei der Schwere dieser lebensbedrohlichen Erkrankung häufig nicht zu befriedigenden Ergebnissen.In addition to the characteristic so-called "butterfly" erythema, severe joint inflammation often occurs during long-term disease. Also recurrent pleuritides with or without effusions are common. Severe SLE disorders are usually treated with immediate corticosteroid therapy for sequelae such as haemolytic anemia, renal damage to vasculitis and acute CNS involvement. However, these therapies often fail to provide satisfactory results in the severity of this life-threatening disease.
Diese generalisierte Autoimmunerkrankung ungeklärter Ätiologie geht üblicherweise mit Bildung zahlreicher Autoantikörper, Immunkomplexen und Veränderungen im Komplementsystem einher. Übliche klinische Beschwerden sind Ar- thritiden, Hautentzündungen wie Erytheme, Blutbildveränderungen, Nephritiden, Pleuritiden, Perikarditiden und Endokarditiden, wie dem Libmann-Sachs- Syndrom, sowie neurologische und psychische Störungen. Der Krankheitsverlauf ist variabel und endet nach Jahrzehnte langem chronischem Verlauf oft tödlich. In einer besonders schweren Verlaufsform entwickelt sich in der Spätphase eine Glomerulonephritis. Sie ist eine der schwerwiegendsten Organkomplikationen bei SLE, welche meist die Hauptursache eines dialysepflichtigen, chroni- sehen Nierenversagens darstellt. Eine besondere Unterform dieser Erkrankung ist die sog. steroidresistente Glomerulonephritis, welche auch mit hohen Cortison Dosen nicht mehr behandelbar ist.This generalized autoimmune disease of unexplained aetiology is usually associated with the formation of numerous autoantibodies, immune complexes, and changes in the complement system. Common clinical complaints are arthritides, skin inflammations such as erythema, changes in the blood count, nephritides, pleuritides, pericarditis and endocarditis, such as the Libmann-Sachs syndrome, as well as neurological and psychological disorders. The course of the disease is variable and often fatal after decades of chronic course. In a particularly severe form, glomerulonephritis develops in the late phase. It is one of the most serious organ complications in SLE, which is usually the main cause of chronic dialysis kidney failure. A special subform of this disease is the so-called steroid-resistant glomerulonephritis, which is no longer treatable even with high cortisone doses.
Es ist auch bereits versucht worden diese Erkrankung mit nicht steroidalen An- tiphlogistika und Immunsuppressiva sowie mit starken Zytostatika zu behandeln. So beschreiben beispielsweise T. Witte et al. in "Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift" 118 (1993), 1005 - 1010, eine Bolustherapie mit Cy- clophosphamid zur Behandlung der Lupusnephritis. Die Cyclophosphamid- Applikation führt jedoch wie alle Zytostatika zu schweren Nebenwirkungen.It has also been tried to treat this condition with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressive drugs as well as strong cytotoxic drugs. For example, T. Witte et al. in "German Medical Weekly" 118 (1993), 1005-1010, a bolus therapy with cyclophosphamide for the treatment of lupus nephritis. However, the cyclophosphamide application, like all cytotoxic drugs, leads to serious side effects.
H. A. Austin et al., "New Engl. J Med" 1986; 314:614-9 zeigen, dass zur Behandlung der Lupus- bzw. Glomerulonephritis die intravenöse Verabreichung von Cyclophosphamid gegenüber der Behandlung mittels Kortikosteroiden, wie Prednison, bezüglich der Überlebensrate überlegen ist. Mittels Cyclophospha- mid ist es möglich, bei einem großen Teil der Patienten eine Vollremision bzw. mindestens eine Teilremision zu erreichen. Um eine möglichst genaue Diagnose des systemischen Lupus erythematodes zu ermöglichen, wurde versucht, eine Korrelation von gängigen Laborparametern und klinischer Manifestation der Erkrankung aufzufinden. So beschreiben T. Witte et al. in "Rheumatol. Int" (1998) 18:85-91 , das erhöhte Auftreten von IgM anti-dsDNA-Antikörpem im Serum von SLE-Patienten. Dabei wurden in 52,3 % der Fälle IgM anti-dsDNA-Antikörper gefunden. Dabei zeigte sich, dass zwischen der Entstehung einer Nephritis und Nierenversagen unter IgM anti- dsDNA-Antikörpern eine negative Korrelation besteht, weshalb die Autoren vermuten, dass IgM anti-ds-DNA-Antikörper einen Schutz gegen die Ent- Wicklung einer Lupusnephritis anzeigen.HA Austin et al., "New Engl. J Med"1986; 314: 614-9 show that for the treatment of lupus or glomerulonephritis, the intravenous administration of cyclophosphamide is superior to the treatment with corticosteroids such as prednisone in survival. By means of cyclophosphamide it is possible to achieve a full or at least a partial vision in a large proportion of the patients. In order to make the most accurate diagnosis possible of systemic lupus erythematosus, an attempt was made to find a correlation between common laboratory parameters and clinical manifestations of the disease. Thus, T. Witte et al. in "Rheumatol Int" (1998) 18: 85-91, the increased incidence of IgM anti-dsDNA antibodies in the serum of SLE patients. In 52.3% of cases, IgM anti-dsDNA antibodies were found. It was found that there is a negative correlation between the development of nephritis and kidney failure under IgM antibodies against antibodies, which is why the authors suggest that IgM anti-ds DNA antibodies protect against the development of lupus nephritis.
R. Rieben et al. beschreiben in "Blood", Vol. 93, (1999) 942-951 , dass die Zugabe von intravenösen Immunglobulin-Präparationen eine Komplementaktivierung blockiert und somit eine antiinflammatorische Wirkung zeigt. Dabei wird Humanserum mit seriellen Verdünnungen von IVIgG sowie IVIgM inkubiert und die Komplementbildung mittels eines ELISA's bestimmt. Dabei zeigte sich eine Dosis-abhängige Inhibierung der Komplementwirkung, weshalb vermutet wird, dass eine intravenöse Verabreichung einer IgM-angereicherten Präparation als Komplementär-Therapie in einer antiinflammatorischen Behandlung verwendet werden könne. Es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, dass die intravenöse Verabreichung von IgM-Antikörpern keinerlei klinische Wirkung zeigt.R. Rieben et al. describe in "Blood", Vol. 93, (1999) 942-951 that the addition of intravenous immunoglobulin preparations blocks complement activation and thus exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect. Human serum is incubated with serial dilutions of IVIgG and IVIgM and complementation is determined by ELISA. There was a dose-dependent inhibition of the complement effect, which is why it is believed that intravenous administration of an IgM-enriched preparation could be used as a complementary therapy in an anti-inflammatory treatment. However, it has been shown that the intravenous administration of IgM antibodies shows no clinical effect.
Es ist auch bereits versucht worden, IgM zur Behandlung des Lupus erythematodes intraperitoneal zu applizieren. Auch diese Verabreichung hat keinerlei Wirkung gezeigt (Boes M. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA (2000) 97:1184-9).It has also been tried to apply IgM intraperitoneally for the treatment of lupus erythematosus. Also, this administration has shown no effect (Boes M. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. See U.S.A. (2000) 97: 1184-9).
In einer grundlegenden Arbeit beschreibt E. J. Cohn et al. in J. Am. Chem. SOC. (1946), 68, 459-475 die Auftrennung und die Eigenschaften verschiedener Seren und Plasmaproteine. Darin teilt er verschiedene Präzipitate nach Fraktionen auf und unterscheidet zwischen den Fraktionen I, II, III, IV und V. Diese Fraktionen werden durch steigende Ethanolkonzentrationen bei geringen lonenstärken und bei zunehmend tieferen Temperaturen zwischen 0 und -5°C ausgefällt. Des weiteren beschreibt J. L. Oncley et al. in J. Am. Chem. SOC. (1949), 71, 541-550 die Abtrennung von Antikörpern, Isoaglutininen, Protrom- bin, Plasminogen und Lipoproteinen in Subfraktionen aus Humanplasma. Seit dieser Zeit gelten die Cohn-Oncley-Fraktionen als Standard für Serum- und Plasmaprodukte.In a fundamental work, EJ Cohn et al. in J. Am. Chem. SOC. (1946), 68, 459-475 disclose the separation and properties of various sera and plasma proteins. In it he divides different precipitates by fractions and differentiates between fractions I, II, III, IV and V. These fractions are caused by increasing ethanol concentrations at low ionic strengths and at increasingly lower temperatures between 0 and -5 ° C precipitated. Further, JL Oncley et al. in J. Am. Chem. SOC. (1949), 71, 541-550 describe the separation of antibodies, isoaglutinines, prothrombin, plasminogen and lipoproteins in subfractions from human plasma. Since then, the Cohn-Oncley fractions have become standard for serum and plasma products.
In Eur. J. Haematol (2005), 74, 101-110 beschreiben Djourmerska et al. das Auftreten von verschiedenen Immunglobulin-antikörpertypen in gepoolten IVIg- Präparationen, welche an die F(ab)2-Regionen von Autoantigenen binden und diese dabei maskieren. Des weiteren beschreibt Djourmerska et al. in Scand. J. Immunol. 61, 357-363 (2005) die Autoreaktivität von therapeutischen IV-Im- munglobulinpräparationen, die von den verschiedenen Fraktionstechniken abhängt.In Eur. J. Haematol (2005), 74, 101-110, Djourmerska et al. the appearance of various immunoglobulin antibody types in pooled IVIg preparations that bind to and mask the F (ab) 2 regions of autoantigens. Furthermore, Djourmerska et al. in Scand. J. Immunol. 61, 357-363 (2005) describes the autoreactivity of therapeutic IV immunoglobulin preparations, which depends on the various fractional techniques.
Die EP 0413 188 A2 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung intravenös verträglicher Immungobulinpräparate, die chemisch nicht modifizierbar sind und die mehr als 5% IgM und mehr als 10% IgA bezogen auf den Gesamtimmunglobu- lingehalt enthalten. Diese so erhaltenden Präparate weisen eine niedrige antikomplementäre Aktivität auf. Die Globuline werden dabei mittels einer Cohn- Oncley-Fraktion Il/Ill oder III gewonnen und mittels Anionenchromatographie aufgereinigt. Verunreinigungen werden bereits bei der Fällung mit 0,5 bis 5% Oktansäure bei pH 4-6 entfernt.EP 0413 188 A2 describes a process for the preparation of intravenously tolerated immunoglobulin preparations which are chemically non-modifiable and which contain more than 5% IgM and more than 10% IgA, based on the total immunoglobulin content. These preparations thus obtained have a low anticomplementary activity. The globulins are thereby obtained by means of a Cohn-Oncley fraction Il / III or III and purified by anion chromatography. Impurities are already removed in the precipitation with 0.5 to 5% octanoic acid at pH 4-6.
In der DE 101 21 712 A1 wird die Anwendung von IgM Antikörpern gegen ds- DNS beim systemischen Lupus erythematodes beschrieben. Dabei wurde gefunden, dass die Wirkung von anti-ds-DNS-lgM Antikörpern ausschließlich erreicht wird, wenn diese subkutan oder intramuskulär appliziert werden.DE 101 21 712 A1 describes the use of IgM antibodies against dsDNA in systemic lupus erythematosus. It was found that the effect of anti-ds-DNA IgM antibodies is exclusively achieved when administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly.
Die Erfindung hat daher zum Ziel, ein einfach zu gewinnendes und leicht ver- fügbares Mittel zur Behandlung und Vorbeugung von Organmanifestationen bei Autoimmunerkrankungen bereitzustellen. Die Erfindung hat des weiteren zum Ziel, ein solches Mittel zur Behandlung und Vorbeugung der Glomerulonephritis, insbesonders der primären Glomerulonephritis und/oder der Wegnerischen Granulomatose bereitzustellen. Schließlich hat die Erfindung insbesonders auch zum Ziel, ein Mittel bereitzustellen, mit dem Folgeschäden des Lupus erythematodes, insbesonders der Entwicklung Glomerulo bzw. Lupus nephritis, vorgebeugt werden kann bzw. bereits aufgetretene Symptome gelindert oder ganz beseitigt werden können.The object of the invention is therefore to provide an easily obtainable and readily available agent for the treatment and prevention of organ manifestations in autoimmune diseases. A further object of the invention is to provide such an agent for the treatment and prevention of glomerulonephritis, in particular primary glomerulonephritis and / or Wegner's granulomatosis. Finally, the invention also has the object of providing a means by which consequential damage of lupus erythematosus, in particular the development of glomerulon or lupus nephritis, can be prevented or symptoms that have already appeared can be alleviated or completely eliminated.
Dieses Ziel wird nun mit den in den Ansprüchen definierten Merkmalen erreicht. Es wurde nämlich überraschenderweise gefunden, dass in der sog. Cohn-This object is now achieved with the features defined in the claims. It has surprisingly been found that in the so-called Cohn-
Oncley-Fraktion Il/Ill insbesondere IM Substanzen enthalten sind, welche die organzerstörenden Antikörper von Autoimmunerkrankungen, insbesonders derOncley Group Il / III are included in particular in substances containing the organzer destroying antibodies of autoimmune diseases, in particular the
Glomerulonephritis sowie der Wegenerschen Granulomatose neutralisieren.Neutralize glomerulonephritis and Wegener's granulomatosis.
Dabei wurde auch gefunden, dass in diesen Fraktionen IgM Antikörper vorlie- gen, mit denen Organschäden bzw. Organmanifestationen, insbesonders in denIt was also found that in these fractions there are IgM antibodies with which organ damage or organ manifestations, in particular in the
Glomeruli der Niere, behandelt werden können. Eine solche Fraktion enthält unter anderen Bestandteilen auch anti-ds-DNS-Antikörper.Glomeruli of the kidney, can be treated. Such a fraction also contains anti-ds DNA antibodies among other components.
Derartige Cohn-Oncley-Fraktionen werden üblicherweise durch Poolen von Spenderseren erhalten, wobei meist 3.000 bis 10.000 und manchmal sogar bis 100.000 Seren von gesunden Spendern verwendet werden. Derartige gepoolte Seren enthalten eine Unzahl unterschiedlicher Substanzen, und zwar insbesonders Proteine und Lipoproteine. Sie enthalten auch sog. "natürliche" Antikörper, welche ohne Immunisierung auch bei Abwesenheit eines immunisieren- den Antigens vom Körper gebildet werden. Der größte Teil derartiger Antikörper sind IgG, welche in einer Vielzahl von auch intravenös applizierbaren Präparaten von verschiedenen Firmen vertrieben werden. "Natürliche" Antikörper sind polyreaktiv und binden mit einer Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Antigene. Erfindungsgemäß wurde nun überraschenderweise gefunden, dass in solchen Se- ren auch eine größere Menge von anti-ds-DNS-Antikörper bzw. Immunmodulatoren vorhanden sind, die in der Cohn-Oncley-Fraktion Il bzw. Il/Ill bzw. III angereichert werden. Die Cohn-Oncley-Fraktionierung selbst wird typischerweise durch Erhöhung des Anteils eines organischen Lösungsmittels, üblicherweise Ethanol, bei geringer lonenstärke und bei kühlen Temperaturen, üblicherweise unter 0°C, durchgeführt. Dabei wird die traktierte Fällung dadurch erreicht, dass das Fällungsmittel in steigenden Konzentrationen zugesetzt wird bzw. die Temperatur erniedrigt wird.Such Cohn-Oncley fractions are usually obtained by pooling donor sera, with mostly 3,000 to 10,000 and sometimes even 100,000 sera from healthy donors being used. Such pooled sera contain a myriad of different substances, especially proteins and lipoproteins. They also contain so-called "natural" antibodies, which are formed by the body without immunization even in the absence of an immunizing antigen. The majority of such antibodies are IgG, which are distributed in a variety of also intravenously administered preparations from various companies. "Natural" antibodies are polyreactive and bind with a variety of different antigens. According to the invention, it has now surprisingly been found that in such sera also a larger amount of anti-ds-DNA antibodies or immunomodulators are present, which are enriched in the Cohn-Oncley fraction Il or Il / III. The Cohn-Oncley fractionation itself is typically carried out by increasing the proportion of an organic solvent, usually ethanol, at low ionic strength and at cool temperatures, usually below 0 ° C. The trapped precipitation is achieved in that the precipitant is added in increasing concentrations or the temperature is lowered.
Übliche Fällungsmittel sind Alkohole und Polyalkohole, wie Ethanol, Propanol und Isopropanol sowie Polyole, wie beispielsweise Ethylenglykol oder Propan- diol. Auch die Verwendung von Ketonen, wie beispielsweise Aceton, ist möglich. Weitere Fällungsmittel sind Carbonsäuren, insbesonders C5- bis Ci2- Carbonsäuren, wobei C7 bis C9, insbesonders die Oktansäure oder auch Ca- prylsäure besonders bevorzugt werden.Typical precipitants are alcohols and polyalcohols, such as ethanol, propanol and isopropanol, and also polyols, such as, for example, ethylene glycol or propanediol. The use of ketones, such as acetone, is possible. Other precipitating agents are carboxylic acids, especially C 5 - to C 2 - carboxylic acids, C 7 to C 9, especially the octanoic acid or Ca prylsäure are particularly preferred.
Derartige Fällungslösungen sind üblicherweise gepuffert. Typische Puffer sind dem Fachmann bekannt, wobei Phosphat-gepufferte Lösung bzw. Puffer, welche Phosphate, insbesonders Alkali- und Erdalkaliphosphate, wie beispielsweise Di- und Tricalciumphosphat, enthalten, besonders bevorzugt sind. Vorzugs- weise wird die Fällung in einem säuerlichen Milieu durchgeführt, d. h. bei einem pH < 7,2, wobei pHs < 6, insbesonders < 5,5 bevorzugt sind. Besonders bevorzugt sind Fällungen bei einem pH-Wert unter 5, insbesonders unter 4,5, d. h. bei Werten von ungefähr 4 oder auch noch darunter.Such precipitation solutions are usually buffered. Typical buffers are known in the art, with phosphate buffered solution or buffers containing phosphates, especially alkali and alkaline earth phosphates, such as di- and tricalcium phosphate, are particularly preferred. Preferably, the precipitation is carried out in a sour environment, i. H. at a pH <7.2, with pHs <6, especially <5.5 being preferred. Particularly preferred are precipitates at a pH below 5, especially below 4.5, d. H. at values of about 4 or even lower.
Die jeweils zu verwendende Molfraktion des organischen Fällungsmittels ist vom Fachmann leicht zu ermitteln und liegt beispielsweise für das Ethanol zwischen 18 und 40 Vol.-% entsprechend einer Molfraktion von 0,0624 bis 0,163, wobei eine Molfraktion von 0,0907 +/- 0,015 besonders bevorzugt ist. Ganz besonders bevorzugt ist es, die Fällung gemäß der üblichen Beschreibung von Cohn und Oncley bei einer Molfraktion von 0,091 Ethanol in Gegenwart von Calciumtriphosphat durchzuführen. Eine weitere bevorzugte. Methode ist die Fällung in Gegenwart von Nukleotidphosphat, insbesonders von Polynukleo- tidphosphaten.The particular mole fraction of the organic precipitating agent to be used is readily ascertainable by the skilled person and is for example between 18 and 40% by volume for the ethanol, corresponding to a mole fraction of 0.0624 to 0.163, with a mole fraction of 0.0907 +/- 0.015 being especially is preferred. It is most preferred to carry out the precipitation according to the usual description of Cohn and Oncley at a mole fraction of 0.091 ethanol in the presence of calcium triphosphate. Another preferred. Method is the Precipitation in the presence of nucleotide phosphate, in particular of polynucleotide phosphates.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird das Serum und die Fällung in Gegenwart eines Inaktivierungsmittels für Mikroorganismen, pathogene Keime und andere krankmachende Erreger durchgeführt. Ein derartig typisches Inaktivierungsmittel ist beispielsweise ß-Propiolakton, welches auch zur Erhöhung der iV. Verträglichkeit eingesetzt wird. Selbstverständlich kann diese Verträglichkeit auch mit beliebig anderen hierfür geeigneten pharmazeutischen verträglichen Mitteln durchgeführt werden.In a further preferred embodiment, the serum and the precipitate are carried out in the presence of an inactivating agent for microorganisms, pathogenic germs and other disease-causing agents. Such a typical inactivating agent is, for example, β-propiolactone, which is also used to increase the iV. Compatibility is used. Of course, this compatibility can also be carried out with any other suitable pharmaceutical acceptable agents.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Cohn-Oncley-Fraktionen mittels chromatographischen Methoden, wie z. B. Anionenaustauscher, mit Protein A und/oder Protein G immobilisierten Absorptionsmitteln aufgereinigt bzw. seine Konzentration an den verbleibenden Bestandteilen, wie anti-ds-DNS IgM erhöht.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the Cohn-Oncley fractions used in the invention by means of chromatographic methods, such as. As anion exchangers, immobilized with protein A and / or protein G absorbents or increased its concentration of the remaining components, such as anti-ds DNA IgM.
Das erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Mittel ist vorzugsweise wenigstens teilweise von mit ausgefällten IgA sowie IgG Antikörpern befreit bzw. deren Konzentrati- on abgereichert. Dies kann z. B. mittels den zuvor genannten erwähnten chromatographischen Methoden als auch durch Chromatographie gemäß der Molekülgröße erfolgen. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird daher das erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Mittel von Proteinanteilen mit einem Molekulargewicht < 180 kDa, vorzugsweise < 200 kDa, insbesonders < 300 kDa, befreit.The composition prepared according to the invention is preferably at least partially freed from with precipitated IgA and IgG antibodies or their concentration depleted. This can be z. Example by means of the abovementioned mentioned chromatographic methods as well as by chromatography according to the molecular size. In a further preferred embodiment, therefore, the agent prepared according to the invention is freed of protein fractions having a molecular weight <180 kDa, preferably <200 kDa, in particular <300 kDa.
Das erfindungsgemäß erhaltene Mittel ist sowohl intravenös als auch subkutan, intramuskulär, intrapleural bzw. intraperitoneal applizierbar. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass mittels geeigneter Verabreichungsmethoden und Galenischer Verarbei- tung das erfindungsgemäße Mittel auch oral applizierbar ist. Dabei wird es vorzugsweise derart verarbeitet, dass mittels, dem Fachmann bekannten Verfahren, eine Verdauung bzw. ein Abbau mittels Proteasen oder anderen Denaturie- rungen im oberen Intestinalbereich, insbesonders im Magen und im Pankreas, vermieden wird. Obwohl es sich gezeigt hat, dass bei einer subkutanen bzw. intramuskulären oder intraperitonealen Verabreichung das erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Mittel besonders gut wirkt, ist es auch ohne weiteres intravenös applizierbar, wodurch es bei Bedarf sowohl rasch als auch in größeren Dosen verabreicht werden kann, wie sie bei der intramuskulären bzw. subkutanen Verabreichung nicht möglich sind.The agent obtained according to the invention can be administered both intravenously and subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intrapleurally or intraperitoneally. It has been shown that the agent according to the invention can also be administered orally by means of suitable administration methods and Galenic processing. In this case, it is preferably processed in such a way that, by means of processes known to the person skilled in the art, digestion or degradation by means of proteases or other denaturation in the upper intestinal region, especially in the stomach and in the pancreas, is avoided. Although it has been shown that subcutaneous or intramuscular or intraperitoneal administration of the composition according to the invention is particularly effective, it is also readily administered intravenously, whereby it can be administered as needed both rapidly and in larger doses, as in intramuscular or subcutaneous administration are not possible.
Das erfindungsgemäß hergestellte pharmazeutische Mittel eignet sich insbe- sondere auch zur Komplementärtherapie zusammen mit anderen bekannten Mitteln zur Behandlung des SLE, und zwar insbesondere antiinflammatorische Mittel wie Aspirin und/oder Kortikosteroiden sowie mit Zytostatika, insbesondere Cyclophosphamid, Azathioprin oder Mycophenolat Mofetil.In particular, the pharmaceutical agent produced according to the invention is also suitable for complementary therapy together with other known agents for the treatment of SLE, in particular anti-inflammatory agents such as aspirin and / or corticosteroids and also cytostatics, in particular cyclophosphamide, azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil.
Die Erfindung betrifft somit auch eine pharmazeutische Kombinationspackung zur gleichzeitigen oder zeitlich versetzten Verabreichung eines erfindungsgemäß hergestellten IgM-enthaltenden Mittels zusammen mit einem weiteren antiinflammatorischen Wirkstoff, einem immunsuppressiven Wirkstoff und/oder einem Zytostatikum. Mit dem erfindungsgemäß hergestellten therapeutischen Mittel ist es möglich, eine Vielzahl von klinischen Krankheitsbildern des Lupus erythematodes zu behandeln, wie beispielsweise der Nephritis, insbesondere Glomerulonephritis, inklusive einer persistierenden Proteinurie sowie dem akuten und chronischen Nierenversagen sowie anderer Organmanifestationen, wie Schmetterlings-Erythem, Schleimhautulcera, Polyarthritis, insbesondere nicht deformierende Polyarthritis, Arthralgien, Gelenkergüsse, Serositiden, wie Pleuritis und Perikarditis.The invention thus also relates to a pharmaceutical combination pack for the simultaneous or time-staggered administration of an IgM-containing agent prepared according to the invention together with a further anti-inflammatory drug, an immunosuppressive drug and / or a cytostatic drug. With the therapeutic agent prepared according to the present invention, it is possible to treat a variety of clinical diseases of lupus erythematosus, such as nephritis, especially glomerulonephritis, including persistent proteinuria and acute and chronic renal failure as well as other organ manifestations such as butterfly erythema, mucous ulcer, Polyarthritis, in particular non-deforming polyarthritis, arthralgias, articular effusions, serositides such as pleurisy and pericarditis.
Auch die Behandlung mittels Plasmapherese, d.h. ein Plasmaaustausch mittels apparativer Entfernung von Autoantikörpern (Immunapherese), kann mit der Verabreichung des erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Mittels kombiniert werden, bzw. mittels den erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Fraktionen können entsprechende Apheresevorrichtungen hergestellt werden. Die Erfindung soll an dem folgenden Beispiel näher erläutert werden.Also, the treatment by means of plasmapheresis, ie a plasma exchange by means of apparative removal of autoantibodies (immunoapheresis), can be combined with the administration of the agent prepared according to the invention, or by means of the fractions used according to the invention, appropriate apheresis devices can be produced. The invention will be explained in more detail by the following example.
Die Wirksamkeit des erfindungsgemäß erhältlichen Mittels wurde an einem Maussystem (NZB x NZW (B/W)-Mäuse) getestet. Diese Mäuse stellen ein Standardtiermodell dar, welches typische Autoantikörper bildet wobei sich nach 6 bis 8 Monaten spontan eine Glomerulonephritis entwickelt. Aus solchen Mäusen wurden drei Behandlungsgruppen mit jeweils 10 Mäusen gebildet. Dabei waren jeweils A: eine Kontrollgruppe, die keine Therapie erhielt.The effectiveness of the agent obtainable according to the invention was tested on a mouse system (NZB x NZW (B / W) mice). These mice represent a standard animal model that forms typical autoantibodies, with spontaneous glomerulonephritis developing after 6 to 8 months. From such mice, three treatment groups of 10 mice each were formed. Each A: was a control group that received no therapy.
B: eine Gruppe, die ab einem Alter von 4 Monaten in wöchentlichen Abständen 300 μg (bezogen auf den Proteingehalt) des erfindungsgemäß erhaltenen Mittels intravenös verabreicht erhielt. C: eine Gruppe, die eine subkutane Injektion von jeweils 300 μg des erfin- dungsgemäßen Mittels ab einem Alter von 4 Monaten in wöchentlichen Abständen erhielt.B: a group receiving intravenously administered 300 μg (in terms of protein content) of the agent obtained according to the invention at weekly intervals from 4 months of age. C: a group receiving a subcutaneous injection of 300 μg each of the agent of the invention from 4 months of age at weekly intervals.
Dabei zeigte sich, dass in der Kontrollgruppe A nach durchschnittlich 32 +/- 2 Wochen sämtliche Versuchstiere verstorben waren. Sowohl bei den erfin- dungsgemäß, mittels einer intravenösen Verabreichung (Gruppe B) behandelten Tieren als auch bei den mittels einer subkutanen Verabreichung behandelten Tieren (Gruppe C) wurde eine durchschnittliche Überlebensdauer von 37,5 +/- 3 Wochen erreicht. Diese Wirkung ist um so überraschender, da die Mäuse gegen die verabreichten Humanproteine eine allergische Reaktion entwickelten. Trotz dieser induzierten Allergie zeigte sich eine deutliche Überlebensrate bei den erfindungsgemäß behandelten Mäusen. It was found that in control group A all animals had died after an average of 32 +/- 2 weeks. Both the animals treated by intravenous administration (Group B) and the animals treated by subcutaneous administration (Group C) achieved an average survival of 37.5 +/- 3 weeks. This effect is all the more surprising since the mice developed an allergic reaction against the administered human proteins. Despite this induced allergy, a clear survival rate was found in the mice treated according to the invention.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007001521A DE102007001521A1 (en) | 2007-01-10 | 2007-01-10 | Use of Cohn-Oncley fractions II and II / III for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus |
| DE102007001521.8 | 2007-01-10 |
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| WO2008083680A2 true WO2008083680A2 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
| WO2008083680A3 WO2008083680A3 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
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| PCT/DE2008/000043 Ceased WO2008083680A2 (en) | 2007-01-10 | 2008-01-10 | Use of cohn-oncley fractions ii/iii and/or iii for production of a pharmaceutical preparation for treating and preventing organ manifestations in autoimmune diseases |
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| DE (1) | DE102007001521A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2008083680A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011124668A1 (en) | 2010-04-08 | 2011-10-13 | Universitätsspital Basel | Plasma-derived immunoglobulin for use in the treatment and prevention of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (iris) |
| CN104958761A (en) * | 2010-05-26 | 2015-10-07 | 巴克斯特国际公司 | Method to produce an immunoglobulin preparation with improved yield |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2901822A1 (en) * | 1979-01-18 | 1980-07-31 | Biotest Serum Institut Gmbh | METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN IMMUNOGLOBULIN SOLUTION SUITABLE FOR THE INTRAVENOUS APPLICATION THAT IGM CONTAINS IN A CONCENTRATED FORM |
| DE3927111C3 (en) | 1989-08-17 | 1994-09-01 | Biotest Pharma Gmbh | Process for the preparation of unmodified intravenous IgM and / or IgA-containing immunoglobulin preparations |
| ES2421736T3 (en) * | 1998-06-09 | 2013-09-05 | Csl Behring Ag | Procedure for the preparation of immunoglobulins for intravenous administration and other immunoglobulin products |
| PL196770B1 (en) * | 1998-06-09 | 2008-01-31 | Statens Seruminstitut | Process for producing immunoglobulins for intravenous administration and other immunoglobulin products |
| US20020098182A1 (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2002-07-25 | Richard Weisbart | Treatment of immune-mediated diseases by oral administration of plasma fractions enriched in immunoglobulin G |
| DE10127712A1 (en) * | 2001-06-07 | 2002-12-19 | Torsten Witte | Use of immunoglobulin M for treatment and prevention of systemic lupus erythematosus, administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly |
-
2007
- 2007-01-10 DE DE102007001521A patent/DE102007001521A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2008
- 2008-01-10 WO PCT/DE2008/000043 patent/WO2008083680A2/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011124668A1 (en) | 2010-04-08 | 2011-10-13 | Universitätsspital Basel | Plasma-derived immunoglobulin for use in the treatment and prevention of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (iris) |
| CN104958761A (en) * | 2010-05-26 | 2015-10-07 | 巴克斯特国际公司 | Method to produce an immunoglobulin preparation with improved yield |
| CN104958761B (en) * | 2010-05-26 | 2021-01-01 | 百深公司 | Method for preparing IgG-enriched composition from blood plasma |
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| DE102007001521A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
| WO2008083680A3 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
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