WO2008071801A1 - Polymerdispersionen, die hochverzweigte polycarbonate enthalten - Google Patents
Polymerdispersionen, die hochverzweigte polycarbonate enthalten Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008071801A1 WO2008071801A1 PCT/EP2007/064004 EP2007064004W WO2008071801A1 WO 2008071801 A1 WO2008071801 A1 WO 2008071801A1 EP 2007064004 W EP2007064004 W EP 2007064004W WO 2008071801 A1 WO2008071801 A1 WO 2008071801A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
- C08J3/07—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media from polymer solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/24—Homopolymers or copolymers of amides or imides
- C09D133/26—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylamide or methacrylamide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2369/00—Characterised by the use of polycarbonates; Derivatives of polycarbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/10—Transparent films; Clear coatings; Transparent materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
- C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31507—Of polycarbonate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to polymer dispersions containing highly branched polycarbonates, a process for their preparation and their use.
- Aqueous polymer dispersions which form polymer films on evaporation of the aqueous dispersion medium have found widespread use. They serve for example as binders, the z. For paints, or as coating agents for coating leather, paper or plastic films are of interest.
- the solid, particulate or powdered polymer compositions obtainable by drying from such aqueous dispersions also serve as additives for a wide variety of applications.
- Polymer dispersions and the emulsion polymers contained in them are used, for example, for papermaking, as adhesive raw materials, for membrane production, as binders or auxiliaries for leather and textiles, in the nonwoven area, in detergents and cleaners, in the construction sector, for the modification of plastics, in hydraulically setting compounds , as components for toner formulations, as additives in electrophotographic applications, etc.
- aqueous polymer dispersions which have the highest possible solids content with the lowest possible viscosity. These are particularly suitable for the production of paper coating slips, with a particular low viscosity being sought with regard to workability.
- a higher solids content has the advantage that less water has to be removed during drying and thus energy costs can be saved.
- the performance properties of the coated paper, z. B. its resistance to mechanical stress, in particular the Rupffesttechnik, as well as its optical Appearance image, z. B. smoothness and gloss, and the printability should be as good as possible.
- WO 00/29495 describes a coating composition containing a solvent, an alkyd resin (polyester resin) and a star polymer.
- the star polymers serve as modifiers for improving the application properties of the Laminating agent, for. B. to achieve a lower viscosity. They are derived from polyfunctional thiols which have at least three vinylically unsaturated side chains.
- WO 01/9641 1 describes amphiphilic star polymers which have a mercaptan-based core and at least three polymer arms emanating therefrom, and the use of these star polymers for the stabilization of aqueous polymer dispersions.
- WO 2004/016700 describes a water-based copolymer dispersion obtainable by copolymerization using at least one dendritic polymer functionalized with alkylene groups.
- the copolymer dispersions obtained in this way are distinguished by improved "blocking" properties.
- WO 2004/016701 describes an aqueous homo- or copolymer dispersion obtainable by emulsion polymerization, in which an alkenyl-functionalized dendrimer is used as additive.
- the composition can be used as a binder for coatings.
- WO 2004/037928 describes an air-drying aqueous resin composition consisting of a fatty acid-functionalized hyperbranched polymer which dries in the air, a non-amphiphilic alkyd resin, a dryer and a stabilizer.
- WO 2005/003186 describes a process for the preparation of aqueous polymer dispersions based on copolymers which contain at least one hydrophilic allyl, vinyl, maleic or diene monomer in copolymerized form, the polymerization taking place in the presence of at least one dendritic polymer.
- the dendritic polymer also makes it possible to use highly hydrophobic monomers having a water solubility of less than 0.001 g / l for emulsion polymerization.
- the use of dendritic polycarbonates as an additive to polymer dispersions is not described.
- WO 2005/026234 describes highly functional, highly branched or hyperbranched polycarbonates and their preparation and for the production of printing inks. An application in polymer dispersions is not described.
- the present invention is based on the object to provide aqueous polymer dispersion having improved performance properties available. These should in particular have a low viscosity and / or a high solids content. Surprisingly, it has been found that this object is achieved by the use of highly branched polycarbonates in aqueous polymer dispersions.
- a first subject of the invention is therefore an aqueous polymer dispersion Pd) comprising:
- the invention further provides a process for preparing an aqueous polymer dispersion Pd) by free-radical emulsion polymerization of at least one monomer M), in which at least one highly branched polycarbonate is added before and / or during and / or after the emulsion polymerization.
- An addition after the emulsion polymerization also comprises an addition in the context of the formulation of a product which comprises an emulsion polymer based on at least one ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated monomer M).
- a paint or a paper coating As a paint or a paper coating.
- Further objects of the invention are methods for modifying the performance properties of an aqueous polymer dispersion Pd) and the use of at least one aqueous polymer dispersion Pd) as a binder in paints and paper coating slips.
- highly branched polycarbonates are used to prepare the polymer dispersions.
- the term "highly branched polycarbonates” in the context of this invention generally designates polycarbonates, which are characterized by a highly branched structure and high functionality.
- highly branched polymers For general definition of highly branched polymers, reference is also made to P. J. Flory, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2718, and H. Frey et al., Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, No. 14, 2499, (which, by derogation from the definition herein, is termed "hyperbranched polymers").
- hyperbranched polycarbonates according to the invention include star polymers, dendrimers, arborols and various highly branched polycarbonates, such as especially hyperbranched polycarbonates.
- Star polymers are polymers in which three or more chains originate from one center.
- the center can be a single atom or an atomic group.
- Dendrimers are derived structurally from the star polymers, but the individual chains are in turn branched star-shaped. They arise, starting from small molecules, by a constantly repeating reaction sequence, whereby ever higher branches result, at whose ends in each case functional groups are, which are in turn starting point for further branchings. Thus, with each reaction step, the number of monomer end groups grows exponentially, resulting in an end, in the ideal case spherical, tree structure.
- a characteristic feature of dendrimers is the number of reaction stages (generations) carried out for their construction. Due to their uniform structure (ideally, all branches contain exactly the same number of monomer units), dendrimers are essentially monodisperse, i. H. they usually have a defined molecular weight.
- Molecular, such as structurally uniform hyperbranched polymers are also referred to below as uniformly dendrimers.
- “Hyperbranched polymers” in the context of this invention are highly branched polymers which, in contrast to the abovementioned dendrimers, are both molecularly and structurally nonuniform. They have side chains and / or side branches of different length and branching as well as a molecular weight distribution (polydispersity).
- the highly branched polycarbonates used according to the invention preferably have a degree of branching (DB) per molecule of from 10 to 100%, preferably from 10 to 90% and in particular from 10 to 80%.
- T is the average number of terminal monomer units
- Z is the mean number of branching monomer units
- L is the average number of linearly bound monomer units.
- Dendrimers generally have a degree of branching DB of at least
- Hyperbranched polycarbonates preferably have a degree of branching DB of from 10 to 95%, preferably from 25 to 90% and in particular from 30 to 80%.
- Hyperbranched polycarbonates are generally simpler and thus more economical to produce than polycarbonate dendrimers. So z.
- the preparation of the monodisperse dendrimers is complicated by the need to introduce and remove protecting groups at each linking step and to require intensive purification operations prior to the commencement of each new growth stage, which is why dendrimers can usually only be produced on a laboratory scale.
- Hyperbranched polycarbonates with their molecular weight distribution can be particularly advantageous for the viscosity properties of the dispersions modified with them. Hyperbranched polycarbonates also have a more flexible structure than the dendrimers.
- polycarbonate in the context of the invention also encompasses compounds which, in addition to carbonate groups, have further functional groups, such as poly (estercarbonates), poly (ether carbonates), poly (etherester carbonates), etc.
- polycarbonates which have a weight-average molecular weight M w in the range from about 500 to 500,000, preferably 750 to 200,000, in particular 1,000 to
- the molar mass determination can be carried out by gel permeation chromatography with a standard such as polymethylmethacrylate.
- the highly branched polycarbonate polymer dispersion Pd in an amount of 0.1 to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 20 wt .-%, in particular from 1, 0 to 10 wt. -%, based on the weight fraction of the emulsion polymer added.
- the addition of the highly branched polycarbonate can take place before and / or in and / or after the free-radical emulsion polymerization for the preparation of Pd).
- a special embodiment relates to the use of highly branched polycarbonates which have a weight-average particle diameter of less than 150 nm, more preferably less than 100 nm and most preferably less than 80 nm.
- the weight-average particle diameter is greater than 0.5 nm, particularly preferably greater than 1 nm, in particular greater than 1.5 nm and especially greater than 2 nm.
- alkyl includes straight-chain and branched alkyl groups. Suitable short-chain alkyl groups are, for. B. straight-chain or branched Ci-C7-alkyl, preferably d-C ⁇ -alkyl and particularly preferably Ci-C4-alkyl groups.
- Suitable longer-chain Cs-Cso-alkyl groups are straight-chain and branched alkyl groups. These are preferably predominantly linear alkyl radicals, as they also occur in natural or synthetic fatty acids and fatty alcohols and oxo alcohols. These include z.
- alkyl includes unsubstituted and substituted alkyl radicals.
- alkyl also apply to the alkyl moieties in arylalkyl.
- Preferred arylalkyl radicals are benzyl and phenylethyl.
- C 8 -C 32 -alkenyl in the context of the present invention represents straight-chain and branched alkenyl groups which may be mono-, di- or polyunsaturated. Preferably, it is Cio-C2o-alkenyl.
- alkenyl includes unsubstituted and substituted alkenyl radicals. Specifically, these are predominantly linear alkenyl radicals, as they also occur in natural or synthetic fatty acids and fatty alcohols and oxo alcohols.
- octenyl nonenyl, decenyl, undecenyl, dodecenyl, tridecenyl, tetradecenyl, pentadecenyl, Hexadecenyl, heptadecenyl, octadecenyl, nonadecenyl, linolyl, linolenyl, eleostearyl and oleyl (9-octadecenyl).
- alkylene in the context of the present invention stands for straight-chain or branched alkanediyl groups having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, eg. As methylene, 1, 2-ethylene, 1, 3-propylene, etc.
- Cycloalkyl is preferably C4-C8-cycloalkyl, such as cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl.
- aryl in the context of the present invention comprises mononuclear or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon radicals which may be unsubstituted or substituted.
- aryl is preferably phenyl, ToIyI, XyIyI, mesityl, Duryl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl or naphthyl, particularly preferably phenyl or naphthyl, said aryl groups in the case of a substitution generally 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, preferably 1, 2 or 3 substituents can carry.
- AB X monomers are suitable for the synthesis of hyperbranched polymers suitable for use in the process according to the invention. These have two different functional groups A and B, which can react with each other to form a linkage.
- the functional group A is contained only once per molecule and the functional group B twice or more times (eg AB2 or AB3 monomers).
- the AB X monomers can be incorporated completely in the form of branches into the hyperbranched polymer, they can be incorporated as terminal groups, thus still have x free B groups, and they can be linear (x-1) -free groups B groups are incorporated.
- the hyperbranched polymers obtained have a greater or lesser number of B groups, either terminal or as side groups.
- B groups either terminal or as side groups.
- the hyperbranched polycarbonates used according to the invention preferably have at least four further functional groups in addition to the carbonate groups resulting from the synthesis of the hyperbranched structure.
- the maximum number of these functional groups is usually not critical. However, it is often not more than 500.
- the proportion of functional groups is 4 to 100, especially 5 to 80, and more particularly 6 to 50.
- Hyperbranched polymers terminated with OH, COOH and / or ROC (OO) O groups have proven to be particularly advantageous.
- Suitable hyperbranched polycarbonates can be prepared, for example by
- R a and R b may have the same or different meanings.
- R a and R b have the same meanings.
- R a and R b are selected from C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, C 5 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, C ⁇ -do-Aryl and C 6 -C 10 -aryl-C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, as defined above.
- R a and R b can also stand together for C 2 -C 6 -alkylene.
- R a and R b are particularly preferably selected from straight-chain and branched C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, as defined above.
- Dialkyl or diaryl carbonates may, for. Example, be prepared from the reaction of aliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic alcohols, preferably monoalko- get with phosgene. Furthermore, they can also be prepared via oxidative carbonylation of the alcohols or phenols by means of CO in the presence of noble metals, oxygen or NO x .
- diaryl or dialkyl carbonates see also "Ullmann 's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry", 6 th Edition, 2000 Electronic Release, Verlag Wiley-VCH.
- suitable carbonates include aliphatic or aromatic carbonates, such as ethylene carbonate, 1, 2 or 1, 3-propylene carbonate, diphenyl carbonate, ditolyl carbonate, dixylyl carbonate, dinaphthyl carbonate, ethylphenyl carbonate, dibenzyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, diisobutylcarboxylate. nat, dipentyl carbonate, dihexyl carbonate, dicyclohexyl carbonate, diheptyl carbonate, di-octyl carbonate, didecylacarbonate and didodecyl carbonate.
- aliphatic or aromatic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, 1, 2 or 1, 3-propylene carbonate, diphenyl carbonate, ditolyl carbonate, dixylyl carbonate, dinaphthyl carbonate, ethylphenyl carbonate, dibenzy
- Aliphatic carbonates are preferably used, in particular those in which the radicals comprise 1 to 5 carbon atoms, such as.
- the radicals comprise 1 to 5 carbon atoms, such as.
- the organic carbonates are reacted with at least one aliphatic alcohol (B) which has at least three OH groups or mixtures of two or more different alcohols.
- Examples of compounds having at least three OH groups are glycerol, trimethylolmethane, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1, 2,4-butanetriol, tris (hydroxymethyl) amine, tris (hydroxyethyl) amine, tris (hydroxypropyl) amine, pentaerythritol, bis (trimethylol propane), di (pentaerythritol), di- tri- or oligoglycerols, or sugars, such as.
- glucose tri- or higher functional polyetherols based on tri- or higher functional alcohols and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide, or polyesterols.
- glycerol trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1, 2,4-butanetriol, pentaerythritol, and their polyetherols based on ethylene oxide or propylene oxide are particularly preferred.
- polyhydric alcohols can also be used in mixture with difunctional alcohols (B '), with the proviso that the mean OH functionality of all the alcohols used together is greater than 2.
- suitable compounds having two OH groups include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1, 2 and 1, 3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1, 2, 1, 3 and 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 2-, 1, 3- and 1, 5-pentanediol, hexanediol, cyclopentanediol, cyclohexanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, difunctional polyether or polyesterols.
- reaction of the carbonate with the alcohol or alcohol mixture to the high-functionality hyperbranched polycarbonate used according to the invention takes place with elimination of the monofunctional alcohol or phenol from the carbonate molecule.
- the highly functional hyperbranched polycarbonates formed by the process described are terminated after the reaction, ie without further modification, with hydroxyl groups and / or with carbonate groups. They dissolve well in various solvents, eg. Example, in water, alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, butanol, alcohol / water mixtures, acetone, 2-butanone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate, methoxyethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate.
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, butanol, alcohol / water mixtures, acetone, 2-butanone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate, methoxyethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide,
- a highly functional polycarbonate is to be understood as meaning a product which, in addition to the carbonate groups which form the polymer backbone, end or side, further at least four, preferably at least eight functional groups.
- the functional groups are carbonate groups and / or OH groups.
- the number of terminal or pendant functional groups is not limited to the top, but products having a very large number of functional groups may have undesirable properties such as high viscosity or poor solubility.
- the high-functionality polycarbonates of the present invention generally have not more than 500 terminal or pendant functional groups, preferably not more than 100, in particular not more than 50 terminal or pendant functional groups.
- condensation product (K) In the preparation of the high-functionality polycarbonates, it is necessary to adjust the ratio of the compounds containing OH groups to the carbonate so that the resulting simplest condensation product (referred to hereinafter as condensation product (K)) has on average either one carbonate group and more than one OH group. Contains group or an OH group and more than one carbonate group.
- the simplest structure of the condensation product (K) of a carbonate (A) and a di- or polyalcohol (B) gives the arrangement XY n or YX n , where X is a carbonate group, Y is a hydroxyl group and n usually a number between 1 and 6, preferably between 1 and 4, more preferably between 1 and 3.
- the reactive group which results as a single group, is hereinafter referred to as "focal group”.
- condensation product (K) from a carbonate and a trihydric alcohol at a conversion ratio of 1: 1 results in the average molecule of the type XY2, illustrated by the general formula 2.
- Focal group here is a carbonate group.
- R has the meaning defined above and R 1 is an aliphatic radical.
- R 2 is an organic, preferably aliphatic radical, R and R 1 are defined as described above.
- the simple condensation products (K) described by way of example in the formulas 1 to 5 preferably react according to the invention intermolecularly to form highly functional polycondensation products, referred to below as polycondensation products (P).
- the reaction to give the condensate (K) and densationseck for polycondensation (P) is usually carried out at a temperature of 0 to 250 ° C, preferably at 60 to 160 0 C in substance or in solution.
- all solvents can be used which are inert to the respective starting materials.
- the condensation reaction is carried out in bulk.
- the monofunctional alcohol ROH or the phenol liberated in the reaction can be removed from the reaction equilibrium by distillation, optionally at reduced pressure, to accelerate the reaction.
- Suitable catalysts are compounds which catalyze esterification or transesterification reactions, e.g.
- DMC double metal cyanide
- potassium hydroxide potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, diaZabicyclooctane (DABCO), diazabicyclononene (DBN), diazabicycloundecene (DBU), imidazoles, such as imidazole, 1-methylimidazole or 1,2-dimethylimidazole, titanium tetrabutoxide, titanium tetraisopropylate, dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dilaurate, Zinndioctoat, zirconium acetylacetonate or mixtures thereof used.
- DABCO diaZabicyclooctane
- DBN diazabicyclononene
- DBU diazabicycloundecene
- imidazoles such as imidazole, 1-methylimidazole or 1,2-dimethylimidazole
- titanium tetrabutoxide titanium tetraisopropylate
- dibutyltin oxide dibut
- the addition of the catalyst is generally carried out in an amount of 50 to 10,000, preferably from 100 to 5000 ppm by weight, based on the amount of the alcohol or alcohol mixture used.
- the intermolecular polycondensation reaction both by adding the appropriate catalyst and by selecting a suitable temperature.
- the average molecular weight of the polymer (P) can be adjusted via the composition of the starting components and over the residence time.
- the condensation products (K) or the polycondensation products (P), which were prepared at elevated temperature, are usually stable at room temperature for a longer period.
- condensation reaction may result in polycondensation products (P) having different structures that have branches but no crosslinks.
- the polycondensation products (P) ideally have either a carbonate group as a focal group and more than two OH groups or an OH group as a focal group and more than two carbonate groups.
- the number of reactive groups results from the nature of the condensation products used (K) and the degree of polycondensation.
- R and R 1 are as defined above.
- the temperature can be lowered to a range in which the reaction comes to a standstill and the product (K) or the polycondensation product (P) is storage-stable.
- a polycondensation product (P) with desired the degree of polycondensation is present, the product (P) to terminate the reaction, a product with respect to the focal group of (P) reactive groups are added.
- a product with respect to the focal group of (P) reactive groups are added.
- the product (P) may be added with, for example, a mono-, di- or polyisocyanate, an epoxy group-containing compound or an OH group-reactive acid derivative.
- the preparation of the high-functionality polycarbonates according to the invention is usually carried out in a pressure range from 0.1 mbar to 20 bar, preferably at 1 mbar to 5 bar, in reactors or reactor cascades which are operated batchwise, semicontinuously or continuously.
- the products can be further processed after preparation without further purification.
- the polycarbonates in addition to the functional groups already obtained by the reaction, can be given further functional groups.
- the functionalization can during the molecular weight or later, d. H. after completion of the actual polycondensation.
- Such effects can be z. B. by adding compounds during the polycondensation, in addition to hydroxyl or carbonate groups further functional groups or functional elements, such as mercapto, primary, secondary or tertiary amino groups, ether groups, derivatives of carboxylic acids, derivatives of sulfonic acids, derivatives of phosphonic acids, aryl radicals or long-chain alkyl radicals.
- further functional groups or functional elements such as mercapto, primary, secondary or tertiary amino groups, ether groups, derivatives of carboxylic acids, derivatives of sulfonic acids, derivatives of phosphonic acids, aryl radicals or long-chain alkyl radicals.
- ethanolamine, propanolamine, isopropanolamine, 2- (butylamino) ethanol, 2- (cyclohexylamino) ethanol, 2-amino-1-butanol, 2- (2'-aminoethoxy) ethanol or higher can be used Alkoxylation products of ammonia, 4-hydroxypiperidine, 1-hydroxyethylpiperazine, diethanolamine, dipropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, tris (hydroxyethyl) aminomethane, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine or isophoronediamine.
- mercapto groups can be z.
- mercaptoethanol or thioglycerol used.
- Tertiary amino groups can be z.
- B. by incorporation of N-methyldiethanolamine, N-methyldipropanolamine or N, N-dimethylethanolamine produce.
- Ether groups may, for. B. by condensation of di- or higher-functional polyetherols are generated.
- Long-chain alkyl radicals can be introduced by reaction with long-chain alkanediols, the reaction with alkyl or aryl diisocyanates generates polycarbonates having alkyl, aryl and urethane groups.
- Subsequent functionalization can be obtained by reacting the resulting highly functional, hyperbranched polycarbonate with a suitable functionalizing reagent which can react with the OH and / or carbonate groups of the polycarbonate.
- hyperbranched polycarbonates may, for. B. be modified by the addition of acid group or isocyanate groups containing molecules.
- polycarbonates containing acid groups can be obtained by reaction with compounds containing anhydride groups.
- hydroxyl-containing high-functionality polycarbonates by reaction with alkylene oxides, for.
- alkylene oxides for.
- ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide are converted into highly functional polycarbonate polyether polyols.
- a great advantage of the method according to the invention lies in its economy. Both the conversion to a condensation product (K) or polycondensation product (P) and the reaction of (K) or (P) to polycarbonates with other functional groups or elements can be carried out in a reaction apparatus, which is technically and economically advantageous.
- At least one o ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated monomer M) is used, which is preferably selected from esters of ⁇ , ß-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with Ci-C2o-alkanols, vinyl aromatics, esters of vinyl alcohol with d C 5 -monocarboxylic acids, ethylenically unsaturated nitriles, vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic and sulfonic acids, phosphorus-containing monomers, esters of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids with C 2 -C 3 0 -alkanediols, amides ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated Mono- and dicarboxylic acids with C 2 -C 30 -aminoalco
- Suitable esters of ⁇ , ß-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with Ci-C2o-alkanols are methyl (meth) acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, n Butyl (meth) acrylate, sec-butyl (meth) acrylate, tert-butyl (meth) acrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, n-hexyl (meth) acrylate, n-heptyl (meth) acrylate, n-octyl ( meth) acrylate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl (meth) acrylate, ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, n-nonyl (me
- Preferred vinyl aromatic compounds are styrene, 2-methylstyrene, 4-methylstyrene, 2- (n-butyl) styrene, 4- (n-butyl) styrene, 4- (n-decyl) styrene and particularly preferably styrene.
- Suitable esters of vinyl alcohol with Ci-C3o-monocarboxylic acids are, for. Vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate, vinyl propionate, vinyl versatate and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable ethylenically unsaturated nitriles are acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable vinyl halides and vinylidene halides are vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, ⁇ -chloroacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, glutaconic acid, aconitic acid, fumaric acid, the half esters of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 10 , preferably 4 to 6 C atoms, for.
- Example maleic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, sulfoethyl acrylate, sulfoethyl methacrylate, sulfopropyl acrylate, sulfopropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-acryloxypropylsulfon- acid, 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropylsulfonklare, styrenesulfonic acid and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid.
- Preferably z Preferably z.
- styrene sulfonic acids such as styrene-4-sulfonic acid and styrene-3-sulfonic acid and the alkaline earth or alkali metal salts thereof, for.
- styrene sulfonic acids such as styrene-4-sulfonic acid and styrene-3-sulfonic acid and the alkaline earth or alkali metal salts thereof, for.
- sodium styrene-3-sulfonate and sodium styrene-4-sulfonate Particularly preferred are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof.
- Examples of phosphorus-containing monomers are, for.
- vinylphosphonic acid and allyl phosphonic acid are also suitable.
- diesters of phosphonic acid and phosphoric acid which are readily alkylated with a hydroxyalkyl (meth) and additionally simply with a different alcohol, eg. As an alkanol, are esterified.
- Suitable hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates for these esters are those mentioned below as separate monomers, in particular 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, etc.
- Corresponding dihydrogenphosphate ester monomers include phosphoalkyl ( meth) acrylates, such as 2-phosphoethyl (meth) acrylate,
- esters of phosphonic acid and phosphoric acid with alkoxylated hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates eg.
- phosphoalkyl crotonates are also suitable.
- phosphoalkyl maleates are also suitable.
- phosphoalkyl fumarates are also suitable.
- phosphodialkyl (meth) acrylates are also suitable.
- phosphodialkyl (meth) acrylates are described in WO 99/25780 and US 4,733,005, which is incorporated herein by reference.
- Suitable esters of ⁇ , ß-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with C 2 -C 3o-alkanediols are, for. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 3-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 3-hydroxybutyl methacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl methacrylate,
- Suitable primary amides of ⁇ , ß-ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and their N-alkyl and N, N-dialkyl derivatives are acrylic acid amide, methacrylamide,
- N-pentadecyl (meth) acrylamide N-palmityl (meth) acrylamide
- N-vinyl lactams and derivatives thereof are, for. N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpiperidone, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-vinyl-5-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-5-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-6-methyl-2-piperidone, N-vinyl-6-ethyl-2-piperidone, N-vinyl-7-methyl-2-caprolactam, N-vinyl-7-ethyl-2-caprolactam, etc.
- Suitable open-chain N-vinyl amide compounds are, for example, N-vinylformamide, N-vinyl-N-methylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-ethylacetamide, N-vinylpropionamide, N-vinyl-N-methylpropionamide and N-vinylbutyramide.
- Suitable esters of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with amino alcohols are N, N-dimethylaminomethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-diethylaminoethyl acrylate,
- Suitable amides of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with diamines which have at least one primary or secondary amino group are N- [2- (dimethylamino) ethyl] acrylamide, N- [2- (dimethylamino) ethyl] methacrylamide, N- [3- (dimethylamino) propyl] acrylamide, N- [3- (dimethylamino) propyl] methacrylamide, N- [4- (dimethylamino) butyl] acrylamide, N- [4- (dimethylamino) butyl] methacrylamide, N - [2- (diethylamino) ethyl] acrylamide, N- [4- (dimethylamino) cyclohexyl] acrylamide, N- [4- (dimethylamino) cyclohexyl] methacrylamide, etc.
- Suitable monomers M) are furthermore N, N-diallylamines and N, N-diallyl-N-alkylamines and their acid addition salts and quaternization products.
- Alkyl is preferably Ci-C24-alkyl. Preference is given to N, N-diallyl-N-methylamine and N, N-diallyl-N, N-dimethylammonium compounds, such as. As the chlorides and bromides.
- Suitable monomers M) are also vinyl- and allyl-substituted nitrogen heterocycles, such as N-vinylimidazole, N-vinyl-2-methylimidazole, vinyl- and allyl-substituted heteroaromatic compounds, such as 2- and 4-vinylpyridine, 2- and 4-allylpyridine, and the salts thereof.
- Suitable C 2 -C 8 monoolefins and nonaromatic hydrocarbons having at least two conjugated double bonds are e.g. For example, ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, isoprene, butadiene, etc.
- Suitable polyether (meth) acrylates are compounds of the general formula (A)
- H 2 C C - CY (CH 2 CH 2 O) k (CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) O), Ra
- k and I independently of one another represent an integer from 0 to 100, the sum of k and I being at least 3,
- R a is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 5 -C 8 -cycloalkyl or Ce-Cu-aryl,
- R b is hydrogen or C 1 -C 8 -alkyl
- Y is O or NR C , wherein R c is hydrogen, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl or C 5 -C 8 -cycloalkyl.
- k is an integer from 3 to 50, especially 4 to 25.
- I is an integer from 3 to 50, in particular 4 to 25.
- R a in the formula (A) is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl, lauryl, PaI - mityl or stearyl.
- R b is preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl or n-hexyl, in particular hydrogen, methyl or ethyl.
- R b is particularly preferably hydrogen or methyl.
- Y in the formula (A) is O.
- At least one polyether (meth) acrylate is used in the free-radical emulsion polymerization for the preparation of Pd). This will then preferably in an amount up to 25 wt .-%, preferably up to 20 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the monomers M) used. It is particularly preferable to use 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably 1 to 15% by weight, of at least one polyether (meth) acrylate for the emulsion polymerization. Suitable polyether (meth) acrylates are, for.
- Suitable polyetherols can be readily prepared by reacting ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide and / or epichlorohydrin with a starter molecule such as water or a short-chain alcohol R a -OH.
- the alkylene oxides can be used individually, alternately in succession or as a mixture.
- the polyether acrylates can be used alone or in mixtures for the preparation of the emulsion polymers used according to the invention.
- the polymer dispersion Pd) preferably comprises at least one polyether (meth) acrylate in copolymerized form, which is selected from compounds of the general formulas I or II or mixtures thereof
- H 2 C CC O (CH 2 CH 2 O) n - Ra
- H 2 C C - CO (CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) O) n - R a
- n is an integer from 3 to 15, preferably 4 to 12,
- R a represents hydrogen, C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, C 5 -C 8 -cycloalkyl or C 6 -C 4 -aryl,
- R b is hydrogen or methyl.
- Suitable polyether (meth) acrylates are commercially available, for. In the form of various Bisomer® products from Laporte Performance Chemicals, UK. This includes z. Bisomer® MPEG 350 MA, a methoxypolyethylene glycol monomethacrylate. According to a further preferred embodiment, no polyether (meth) acrylate is used in the free-radical emulsion polymerization for the preparation of Pd).
- At least one urea group-containing monomer is used in the free radical emulsion polymerization for the preparation of Pd). This is preferably used in an amount of up to 25% by weight, preferably up to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers M). With particular preference, 0.1 to 20% by weight, in particular 1 to 15% by weight, of at least one urea group-containing monomer is used for the emulsion polymerization.
- Suitable urea group-containing monomers are, for. N-vinyl or N-allyl urea or derivatives of imidazolidin-2-one. These include N-vinyl- and N-allylimidazolidin-2-one, N-vinyloxyethyl-imidazolidin-2-one,
- Preferred urea group-containing monomers are
- N- (2-Acryloxyethyl) imidazolidin-2-one and N- (2-methacryloxyethyl) imidazolidin-2-one Particularly preferred is N- (2-methacryloxyethyl) imidazolidin-2-one (2-ureidomethacrylate, UMA).
- no urea group-containing monomer is used in the free-radical emulsion polymerization for the preparation of Pd).
- the abovementioned monomers M) can be used individually, in the form of mixtures within a monomer class or in the form of mixtures of different monomer classes.
- At least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 60% by weight, in particular at least 80% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers M), of at least one monomer M1) which is selected from esters ⁇ are preferably used for the emulsion polymerization , .beta.-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with C 1 -C 20 -alkanols, vinylaromatics, esters of vinyl alcohol with C 1 -C 30 -monocarboxylic acids, ethylenically unsaturated nitriles, vinyl halides, vinylidene halides and mixtures thereof (main monomers).
- the monomers M1) in an amount of up to 99.9 wt .-%, particularly preferably up to 99.5 wt .-%, in particular up to 99 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the monomers M), used for emulsion polymerization.
- the main monomers M1) are preferably selected from methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, sec-butyl (meth) acrylate, tert-butyl (meth) acrylate, n-pentyl (meth) acrylate, n-hexyl (meth) acrylate, n-heptyl (meth) acrylate, n-octyl (meth) acrylate, Ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, styrene, 2-methylstyrene, vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, butadiene and mixtures thereof.
- At least one further monomer M2) which is generally present to a lesser extent can be used in the free-radical emulsion polymerization for the preparation of Pd).
- at least one monomer M2) which is selected are used for the emulsion polymerization among ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids and the anhydrides and half-esters of ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, (meth) acrylamides, C 1 -C 10 -hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates, C 1 -C 10 -hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylamides and mixtures thereof.
- the monomers M2) if present, in an amount of at least 0.1 wt .-%, more preferably at least 0.5 wt .-%, in particular at least 1 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the monomers M) , used for emulsion polymerization.
- the monomers M2) are specifically selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, maleic anhydride, acrylic acid amide, methacrylamide, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethylacrylamide, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylamide, and mixtures thereof.
- Ci-Cio-alkyl (meth) acrylate and at least one vinyl aromatic, especially
- n-butyl acrylate methyl methacrylate, styrene; n-butyl acrylate, styrene; n-butyl acrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, styrene; Ethylhexyl acrylate, styrene; Ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, styrene.
- the aforementioned particularly suitable monomer combinations may moreover contain small amounts of further monomers M2). These are preferably selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide and mixtures thereof.
- At least one crosslinker can be used.
- Monomers having a crosslinking function are compounds having at least two polymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated, non-conjugated double bonds in the molecule.
- a networking can also z.
- the complementary groups can both be bound to the emulsion polymer for crosslinking, a crosslinker can be used, which is capable of being able to enter into a chemical crosslinking reaction with functional groups of the emulsion polymer.
- Suitable crosslinkers are z. As acrylic esters, methacrylic esters, allyl ethers or vinyl ethers of at least dihydric alcohols. The OH groups of the underlying alcohols may be completely or partially etherified or esterified; however, the crosslinkers contain at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups.
- Examples of the underlying alcohols are dihydric alcohols such as 1, 2-ethanediol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 2-butanediol, 1, 3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1, 4-butanediol , But-2-ene-1, 4-diol, 1, 2-pentanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol,
- ethylene oxide or propylene oxide In addition to the homopolymers of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, it is also possible to use block copolymers of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide or copolymers which contain incorporated ethylene oxide and propylene oxide groups.
- underlying alcohols having more than two OH groups are trimethylolpropane, Glycerine, pentaerythritol, 1, 2,5-pentanetriol, 1, 2,6-hexanetriol, cyanuric acid, sorbitan, sugars such as sucrose, glucose, mannose.
- the polyhydric alcohols can also be used after reaction with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide as the corresponding ethoxylates or propoxylates.
- the polyhydric alcohols can also be first converted by reaction with epichlorohydrin in the corresponding glycidyl ether.
- crosslinkers are the vinyl esters or the esters of monohydric, unsaturated alcohols with ethylenically unsaturated Cs-C ⁇ -carboxylic acids, for example acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid or fumaric acid.
- examples of such alcohols are allyl alcohol, 1-buten-3-ol, 5-hexen-1-ol, 1-octen-3-ol, 9-decen-1-ol, dicyclopentenyl alcohol, 10-undecen-1-ol, cinnamyl alcohol , Citronellol, crotyl alcohol or cis-9-octadecen-1-ol.
- esterify the monohydric, unsaturated alcohols with polybasic carboxylic acids for example malonic acid, tartaric acid, trimellitic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, citric acid or succinic acid.
- crosslinkers are esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids with the polyhydric alcohols described above, for example oleic acid, crotonic acid, cinnamic acid or 10-undecenoic acid.
- crosslinking agents are straight-chain or branched, linear or cyclic, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons which have at least two double bonds which must not be conjugated in aliphatic hydrocarbons, eg. B. divinylbenzene, divinyltoluene, 1, 7-octadiene, 1, 9-decadiene, 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene, trivinylcyclohexane or polybutadienes having molecular weights of 200 to 20,000.
- crosslinking agents are the acrylic acid amides, methacrylic acid amides and N-allylamines of at least divalent amines.
- Such amines are for. B. 1, 2-diaminoethane, 1, 3-diaminopropane, 1, 4-diaminobutane, 1, 6-diaminohexane,
- 1, 12-dodecanediamine, piperazine, diethylenetriamine or isophoronediamine are also suitable.
- amides of allylamine and unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, or at least dibasic carboxylic acids, as described above.
- triallylamine and Triallylmonoalkylammoniumsalze, z As triallylmethylammonium chloride or methyl sulfate, suitable as a crosslinker.
- N-vinyl compounds of urea derivatives at least difunctional amides, cyanurates or urethanes, for example of urea, ethyleneurea, propyleneurea or tartaramide, eg. N, N'-divinylethyleneurea or N, N'-divinylpropyleneurea.
- crosslinkers are divinyldioxane, tetraallylsilane or tetravinylsilane.
- water-soluble crosslinkers are used.
- the crosslinking monomers also include those which, in addition to an ethylenically unsaturated double bond, a reactive functional group, eg. Example, an aldehyde group, a keto group or an oxirane group, which can react with an added crosslinker.
- a reactive functional group eg. Example, an aldehyde group, a keto group or an oxirane group, which can react with an added crosslinker.
- the functional groups are keto or aldehyde groups.
- the keto or aldehyde groups are preferably bonded to the polymer by copolymerization of copolymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated compounds with keto or aldehyde groups.
- Suitable such compounds are acrolein, methacrolein, vinyl alkyl ketones having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, formylstyrene, (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters having one or two keto or aldehyde, or an aldehyde and a keto group in Alkyl radical, wherein the alkyl radical preferably comprises a total of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, for.
- B. (meth) acryloxyalkylpropanale, as described in DE-A-2722097.
- N-oxoalkyl (meth) acrylamides as described, for.
- the crosslinkers are preferably a compound having at least 2 functional groups, in particular 2 to 5 functional groups, which can undergo a crosslinking reaction with the functional groups of the polymer, especially the keto or aldehyde groups. These include z. As hydrazide, hydroxylamine or oxime ether or amino groups as functional groups for the crosslinking of the keto or aldehyde groups. Suitable compounds with hydrazide groups are, for. B.
- hydrazide compounds having a molecular weight of up to 500 g / mol.
- Particularly preferred hydrazide compounds are dicarboxylic acid dihydrazides having preferably 2 to 10 C atoms. These include z.
- adipic dihydrazide, sebacic dihydrazide and isophthalic dihydrazide are Suitable compounds having hydroxylamine or oxime ether groups are, for. As mentioned in WO 93/25588.
- a surface crosslinking can be additionally produced.
- the crosslinking component is preferably used in an amount of 0.0005 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.001 to 2.5 wt .-%, in particular 0.01 to 1, 5 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the polymerization used monomers (including the crosslinker) used.
- a specific embodiment relates to polymer dispersions Pd) which contain no crosslinker in copolymerized form.
- the radical polymerization of the monomer mixture M) can be carried out in the presence of at least one regulator.
- Regulators are preferably used in an amount of 0.0005 to 5 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 0.001 to 2.5 wt .-% and in particular from 0.01 to 1, 5 wt .-%, based on the total weight the monomers used for the polymerization used.
- Regulators are generally compounds with high transfer constants. Regulators accelerate chain transfer reactions and thus cause a reduction in the degree of polymerization of the resulting polymers without affecting the gross reaction rate. In the case of the regulators, one can distinguish between mono-, bi- or polyfunctional regulators depending on the number of functional groups in the molecule which can lead to one or more chain transfer reactions. Suitable regulators are described, for example, extensively by KC Berger and G. Brandrup in J. Brandrup, EH Immergut, Polymer Handbook, 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1989, pp 11/81 - 11/141 ,
- Suitable regulators are, for example, aldehydes, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionic aldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde.
- regulators formic acid, its salts or esters, such as ammonium formate, 2,5-diphenyl-1-hexene, hydroxylammonium sulfate, and hydroxylammonium phosphate.
- halogen compounds for example, alkyl halides, such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, bromotrichloromethane, bromoform, allyl bromide and benzyl compounds, such as benzyl chloride or benzyl bromide.
- alkyl halides such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, bromotrichloromethane, bromoform, allyl bromide
- benzyl compounds such as benzyl chloride or benzyl bromide.
- Suitable regulators are allyl compounds, such as. Allyl alcohol, functionalized allyl ethers such as allyl ethoxylates, alkyl allyl ethers, or glycerol monoallyl ethers. Preference is given to using compounds which contain sulfur in bound form as regulators.
- Compounds of this type are, for example, inorganic hydrogen sulfites, disulfites and dithionites or organic sulfides, disulfides, polysulfides, sulfoxides and sulfones. These include di-n-butyl sulfide, di-n-octyl sulfide, diphenyl sulfide, thiodiglycol, ethylthioethanol, diisopropyl disulfide, di-n-butyl disulfide, di-n-hexyl disulfide, diacetyl disulfide, diethanol sulfide, di-t-butyl trisulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dialkyl sulfide, Dialkyl disulfide and / or diaryl sulfide.
- polymerization regulators are thiols (compounds which contain sulfur in the form of SH groups, also referred to as mercaptans).
- Preferred regulators are mono-, bi- and polyfunctional mercaptans, mercaptoalcohols and / or mercaptocarboxylic acids.
- Examples of these compounds are allyl thioglycolates, ethyl thioglycolate, cysteine, 2-mercaptoethanol, 1, 3-mercaptopropanol, 3-mercaptopropane-1, 2-diol, 1, 4-mercaptobutanol, mercaptoacetic acid, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, mercaptosuccinic acid, thioglycerol, thioacetic acid, thio urea and alkylmercaptans such as n-butylmercaptan, n-hexylmercaptan or n-dodecylmercaptan.
- bifunctional regulators containing two sulfur atoms in bonded form are bifunctional thiols such as. As dimercaptopropanesulfonic acid (sodium salt), dimercaptosuccinic acid, dimercapto-1-propanol, dimercaptoethane, dimercaptopropan, dimercaptobutane, dimercaptopentane, dimercaptohexane, ethylene glycol bis-thioglycolate and butanediol-bis-thioglycolate.
- polyfunctional regulators are compounds containing more than two sulfur atoms in bonded form. Examples of these are trifunctional and / or tetrafunctional mercaptans.
- controllers can be used individually or in combination with each other.
- a specific embodiment relates to polymer dispersions Pd) which are prepared by free-radical emulsion polymerization without addition of a regulator.
- the monomers can be polymerized by means of free-radical initiators.
- the peroxo and / or azo compounds customary for this purpose can be used, for example alkali metal or ammonium peroxydisulfates, diacetyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, succinyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl perbenzoate, tert. Butyl perpivalate, tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, tert-butyl permaleinate, cumene hydroperoxide,
- red / ox reduction / oxidation
- the red / ox initiator systems consist of at least one usually inorganic reducing agent and one inorganic or organic oxidizing agent.
- the oxidation component is z. B. to the above-mentioned initiators for emulsion polymerization.
- the reduction components are, for. B. to alkali metal salts of sulfurous acid, such as.
- the red / ox initiator systems can be used with the concomitant use of soluble metal compounds whose metallic component can occur in multiple valence states. Usual Red / Ox initiator systems are z.
- the amount of initiators is generally 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, based on all monomers to be polymerized. It is also possible to use a plurality of different initiators in the emulsion polymerization.
- the preparation of the polymer dispersion Pd) is usually carried out in the presence of at least one surface-active compound.
- suitable protective colloids can be found in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume XIV / 1, Macromolecular Materials, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1961, pp. 411 to 420.
- Suitable emulsifiers are also found in Houben-Weyl, Methoden of Organic Chemistry, Volume 14/1, Macromolecular Materials, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1961, pages 192 to 208.
- Suitable emulsifiers are anionic, cationic and nonionic emulsifiers. Emulsifiers whose relative molecular weights are usually below those of protective colloids are preferably used as surface-active substances.
- nonionic emulsifiers are araliphatic or aliphatic nonionic emulsifiers, for example ethoxylated mono-, di- and trialkylphenols (EO-).
- alkyl radical C 4 -C 0
- ethoxylates of long-chain alcohols EO units: 3 to 100
- polyethylene oxide / polypropylene oxide homo- and copolymers may contain randomly distributed alkylene oxide or polymerized in the form of blocks.
- ethoxylates of long-chain alkanols alkyl radical C1-C30, average degree of ethoxylation 5 to 100
- those having a linear C 12 -C 20 -alkyl radical and a mean degree of ethoxylation of from 10 to 50 and also ethoxylated monoalkylphenols alkyl radical C1-C30, average degree of ethoxylation 5 to 100
- those having a linear C 12 -C 20 -alkyl radical and a mean degree of ethoxylation of from 10 to 50 and also ethoxylated monoalkylphenols alkyl radical C1-C30, average degree of ethoxylation 5 to 100
- Suitable anionic emulsifiers are for example alkali metal and ammonium salts of alkyl sulfates (alkyl: C8-C22), nole of sulfuric monoesters of ethoxylated alkali (EO degree: from 2 to 50, alkyl radical: Ci2-Ci8) and ethoxylated alkylphenols (EO units: 3 to 50, alkyl radical: C4-C9), of alkylsulfonic acids (alkyl radical: C12-C18) and of alkylarylsulfonic acids (alkyl radical: Cg-Cis).
- alkyl sulfates alkyl: C8-C22
- nole of sulfuric monoesters of ethoxylated alkali EO degree: from 2 to 50, alkyl radical: Ci2-Ci8 and ethoxylated alkylphenols (EO units: 3 to 50, alkyl radical: C4-C9)
- alkylsulfonic acids al
- emulsifiers can be found in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume XIV / 1, Macromolecular Substances, Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, 1961, pp. 192-208).
- anionic emulsifiers are bis (phenylsulfonic acid) ethers or their alkali metal or ammonium salts which carry a C 4 -C 24 -alkyl group on one or both aromatic rings. These compounds are well known, for. From US-A-4,269,749, and commercially available, for example as Dowfax® 2A1 (Dow Chemical Company).
- Suitable cationic emulsifiers are preferably quaternary ammonium halides, e.g. Trimethylcetylammonium chloride, methyltrioctylammonium chloride, benzyltriethylammonium chloride or quaternary compounds of N-C6-C20-alkylpyridines, -morpholines or -imidazoles, e.g. B. N-Laurylpyridinium chloride.
- quaternary ammonium halides e.g. Trimethylcetylammonium chloride, methyltrioctylammonium chloride, benzyltriethylammonium chloride or quaternary compounds of N-C6-C20-alkylpyridines, -morpholines or -imidazoles, e.g. B. N-Laurylpyridinium chloride.
- the amount of emulsifier is generally about 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, based on the amount of monomers to be polymerized.
- the highly branched polycarbonates used according to the invention are generally dispersible in water. Not deviating from water, however, are highly branched polycarbonates which have undergone a polymer-analogous reaction with hydrophobic groups.
- the highly branched polycarbonates are suitable for the preparation of a polymer dispersion Pd) without the use of surface-active substances, such as emulsifiers, protective colloids or monomers having dispersing groups.
- the polymer dispersions Pd) can also be added to conventional auxiliaries and additives.
- auxiliaries and additives include, for example, the pH-adjusting substances, reduction and bleaching agents, such as.
- the alkali metal salts of hydroxymethanesulfinic acid eg Rongalit.RTM. C from BASF Aktiengesellschaft
- complexing agents eg. As glycerol, methanol, ethanol, tert-butanol, glycol, etc.
- alcohols eg. As glycerol, methanol, ethanol, tert-butanol, glycol, etc.
- the polymerization is generally carried out at temperatures in a range from 0 to 150 0 C, preferably 20 to 100 0 C, more preferably 30 to 95 0 C.
- the polymerization is preferably carried out at atmospheric pressure, but is also possible a polymerization under elevated pressure, for example the autogenous pressure of the components used for the polymerization.
- the polymerization takes place in the presence of at least one inert gas, such as. As nitrogen or argon.
- the polymerization medium may consist of water only, as well as of mixtures of water and thus miscible liquids such as methanol. Preferably, only water is used.
- the emulsion polymerization can be carried out both as a batch process and in the form of a feed process, including a stepwise or gradient procedure.
- the feed process in which one submits a portion of the polymerization or a polymer seed, heated to the polymerization, polymerized and then the remainder of the polymerization, usually over several spatially separate feeds, of which one or more of the monomers in pure or in emulsified Form, continuously, stepwise or with the addition of a concentration gradient while maintaining the polymerization of the polymerization zone supplies.
- the manner in which the initiator is added to the polymerization vessel in the course of the free radical aqueous emulsion polymerization is known to those of ordinary skill in the art. It can be introduced both completely into the polymerization vessel, or used continuously or in stages according to its consumption in the course of the free radical aqueous emulsion polymerization. In detail, this depends in a manner known per se to those skilled in the art both on the chemical nature of the initiator system and on the polymerization temperature. Preferably, a part is initially charged and the remainder supplied according to the consumption of the polymerization.
- the dispersions formed during the polymerization can be subjected to a physical or chemical aftertreatment following the polymerization process.
- Such methods are, for example, the known methods for residual monomer reduction, such as.
- the post-treatment by addition of polymerization initiators or mixtures of polymerization initiators at suitable temperatures, aftertreatment of the polymer solution by means of steam or ammonia vapor, or stripping with inert gas or treating the reaction mixture with oxidizing or reducing reagents, adsorption such as the adsorption of impurity on selected media such as As activated carbon or ultrafiltration.
- the obtained aqueous polymer dispersion Pd) usually has a solids content of 20 to 70 wt .-%, preferably 40 to 70 wt .-%, particularly preferably 45 to 70 wt .-% and particularly preferably from 45 to 65 wt .-%, based on the polymer dispersion.
- the highly branched and especially hyperbranched polycarbonates used according to the invention are distinguished by good compatibility with a multiplicity of different dispersions.
- the highly branched polycarbonates used according to the invention are advantageously suitable for modifying the rheological properties.
- a further subject of the invention is therefore a process for modifying the rheological properties of an aqueous polymer dispersion Pd), in which process at least one highly branched polycarbonate is added thereto.
- Suitable polycarbonates are those mentioned above. At least one hyperbranched polycarbonate is preferably used.
- the addition of at least one highly branched polycarbonate generally leads to a reduction in viscosity compared to an aqueous polymer dispersion Pd) without the addition of highly branched polycarbonates.
- the addition of the highly branched polycarbonate can be carried out after the free-radical emulsion polymerization for the preparation of Pd). It is also possible to add in the course of radical emulsion polymerization.
- the second variant is preferred if, in addition to the viscosity, a further performance property of Pd) is to be modified. This is especially the case for preparing low viscosity, high solids dispersions Pd).
- the highly branched polycarbonate of the polymer dispersion Pd) in an amount of 0.1 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 20 wt .-%, in particular from 1, 0 to 10 wt. -%, based on the weight fraction of the emulsion polymer added.
- the determination of the viscosity can be carried out according to DIN EN ISO 3219 at a temperature of 23 0 C with a rotational viscometer.
- the highly branched polycarbonates used according to the invention are furthermore advantageously suitable for increasing the solids content.
- Another subject of the The invention therefore relates to a process for preparing an aqueous polymer dispersion Pd) having an increased solids content by free-radical emulsion polymerization of at least one monomer M), in which at least one highly branched polycarbonate is added before and / or during and / or after the emulsion polymerization.
- Suitable polycarbonates are those mentioned above. At least one hyperbranched polycarbonate is preferably used.
- the highly branched polycarbonate prior to the free-radical emulsion polymerization to produce Pd). It is also possible to add in the course of radical emulsion polymerization.
- the addition of the hyperbranched polycarbonate can then be continuous over the entire duration of the polymerization or over a limited time interval.
- the addition of the highly branched polycarbonate can also take place in one or more batches.
- the aqueous phase in which the emulsion polymerization is carried out is preferably more than 50% by weight of the highly branched polycarbonate, particularly preferably more than 70% by weight, very particularly preferably more than 80% by weight. and in particular more than 90% by weight before 90% by weight of all the monomers which form the emulsion polymer are polymerized.
- 80 to 100% by weight of the highly branched polycarbonates are added after at least 50% by weight of the monomers which form the emulsion polymer have already been polymerized.
- the content of the emulsion polymer and the hyperbranched polycarbonates in the aqueous polymer dispersion Pd) is preferably at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 55% by weight, in particular at least 58% by weight, especially at least 60% by weight. , More particularly at least 65 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the aqueous polymer dispersion.
- the starting materials can be polymerized in the desired high concentration, with the above solids contents of the polymer dispersion being achieved directly.
- the highly branched polycarbonate of the polymer dispersion Pd) is preferably used in an amount of from 0.1 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular 1, for the preparation of an aqueous polymer dispersion Pd) with an increased solids content. 0 to 15 wt .-%, based on the weight fraction of the emulsion polymer added.
- a defined amount (about 5 g) of the polymer ticasri- gen at 140 0 C and dried in an oven to constant weight of the solids content are weighed.
- the highly branched polycarbonates used according to the invention are furthermore advantageously suitable for controlling the glass transition temperature T G of the emulsion polymers present in the aqueous polymer dispersions Pd).
- the addition is preferably carried out before and / or during the emulsion polymerization.
- the glass transition temperature can be determined according to DIN 53765 according to the DSC method (differential scanning calorimetry), for. Example by means of a DSC device DSC 822, TA series of the company. Mettler-Toledo, Germany.
- the highly branched polycarbonates used according to the invention are furthermore advantageously suitable for reducing the minimum film-forming temperature MFT.
- the addition is preferably carried out after the emulsion polymerization.
- aqueous polymer dispersions Pd) according to the invention which contain an emulsion polymer and at least one highly branched polycarbonate, can be used as such or mixed with other polymers as binder compositions in aqueous coating compositions, such as, for example, As dye or paint mixtures used.
- Suitable further polymers are, for. B. film-forming polymers.
- a further subject of the invention is a binder composition which contains an aqueous polymer dispersion (Pd) as described above or consists of such a polymer dispersion (Pd).
- the binder composition also comprises the highly branched polycarbonate (s) (s) added to the polymer dispersion (Pd).
- the binder composition may comprise at least one further film-forming polymer.
- these include z. B. alkyd resins. Suitable alkyd resins are, for. B. water-soluble alkyd resins, which preferably have a weight-average molecular weight of 5000 to 40,000. Alkyd resins having a weight-average molecular weight of more than 40,000, especially more than 100,000, are also suitable.
- An alkyd resin is understood to mean a polyester which is esterified with a drying oil, a fatty acid or the like (U. Poth, Polyester and Alkyd resins, Vincentz Network 2005).
- Suitable water-soluble alkyd resins are alkyd resins having a sufficiently high acid number, preferably in the range of 30 to 65 mg KOH / g. These may optionally be partially or completely neutralized.
- the weight average molecular weight Preferably, weight is 8000 to 35,000 and more preferably 10,000 to 35,000.
- a specific embodiment is therefore a coating composition comprising at least one dispersion Pd) and at least one hyperbranched polycarbonate, but no film-forming polymer other than the emulsion polymer contained in the polymer dispersion.
- the binder compositions according to the invention are preferably used in aqueous paints. These paints are for example in the form of an unpigmented system (clearcoat) or a pigmented system.
- the proportion of pigments can be described by the pigment volume concentration (PVK).
- PVK (VP + VF) x 100 / (V P + V F + V 6 ).
- paints can be classified using the PVK as follows:
- Another object of the invention is therefore a paint in the form of an aqueous composition containing
- a first preferred embodiment is a paint in the form of a clearcoat which contains no pigments and fillers.
- a second preferred embodiment is a paint in the form of a disperse dye.
- the proportion of Pd) on the above coating agent refers to solid, i. H. Emulsion polymer and hyperbranched polycarbonate (s), without water.
- Emulsion paints generally contain from 30 to 75% by weight, and preferably from 40 to 65% by weight, of non-volatile constituents. This is to be understood as meaning all constituents of the preparation which are not water, but at least the total amount of binder, filler, pigment, low-volatile solvents (boiling point above 220 ° C.), eg. As plasticizers, and polymeric adjuvants. This accounts for about
- pigments and fillers eg. As color pigments, white pigments and inorganic fillers. These include inorganic white pigments, such as titanium dioxide, preferably in rutile form, barium sulfate, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, basic lead carbonate, antimony trioxide, lithopones (zinc sulfide + barium sulfate) or colored pigments, for example iron oxides, carbon black, graphite, zinc yellow, zinc green, ultramarine, manganese black, Contains antimony black, manganese violet, Paris blue or Schweinfurter green.
- the emulsion paints of the invention may also organic color pigments, for. B.
- Suitable fillers are for.
- aluminosilicates such as feldspars, silicates such as kaolin, talcum, mica, magnesite, alkaline earth metal carbonates such as calcium carbonate, for example in the form of calcite or chalk, magnesium carbonate, dolomite, alkaline earth sulfates such as calcium sulfate, silica, etc.
- alkaline earth metal carbonates such as calcium carbonate, for example in the form of calcite or chalk, magnesium carbonate, dolomite, alkaline earth sulfates such as calcium sulfate, silica, etc.
- Naturally finely divided fillers are preferred.
- the fillers can be used as individual components. In practice, however, filler mixtures have proven particularly useful, for. Calcium carbonate / kaolin, calcium carbonate / talc. Glossy paints generally have only small amounts of very finely divided fillers.
- Finely divided fillers can also be used to increase the hiding power and / or to save on white pigments.
- blends of color pigments and fillers are preferably used.
- the coating composition according to the invention may comprise further auxiliaries with at least one highly branched polycarbonate as additive, optionally additional film-forming polymers and pigment / filler.
- auxiliaries include, in addition to the emulsifiers used in the polymerization, wetting agents or dispersants, such as sodium, potassium or ammonium polyphosphates, alkali metal and ammonium salts of acrylic or maleic anhydride copolymers, polyphosphonates, such as 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid sodium and Naphthalinsulfonklaresalze, especially their sodium salts.
- wetting agents or dispersants such as sodium, potassium or ammonium polyphosphates, alkali metal and ammonium salts of acrylic or maleic anhydride copolymers
- polyphosphonates such as 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid sodium and Naphthalinsulfonkladifsalze, especially their sodium salts.
- auxiliaries are leveling agents, defoamers, biocides and thickeners.
- Suitable thickeners are z.
- Associative thickener such as polyurethane thickener.
- Amount of thickener is preferably less than 1 wt .-%, more preferably less than 0.6 wt .-% thickener, based on the solids content of the paint.
- the preparation of the paint according to the invention is carried out in a known manner by mixing the components in mixing devices customary for this purpose. It has proven useful to prepare an aqueous paste or dispersion from the pigments, water and optionally the adjuvants, and then to first mix the polymeric binder, ie, as a rule, the aqueous dispersion of the polymer with the pigment paste or pigment dispersion.
- the paints according to the invention generally contain from 30 to 75% by weight and preferably from 40 to 65% by weight of nonvolatile constituents. These are to be understood as meaning all constituents of the preparation which are not water, but at least the total amount of binder, pigment and auxiliary agent based on the solids content of the paint. The volatile constituents are predominantly water.
- Suitable paints are high gloss paints.
- the gloss of the paint can be determined according to DIN 67530.
- the paint with 240 ⁇ m gap width is applied to a glass plate and dried for 72 hours at room temperature.
- the specimen is placed in a calibrated reflectometer and, at a defined angle of incidence, the extent to which the reflected light has been reflected or scattered is determined.
- the determined reflectometer value is a measure of the gloss (the higher the value, the higher the gloss).
- the gloss of the high-gloss coatings is preferably greater than 60 at 20 ° and greater than 80 at 60 °.
- the reflectometer value is determined at 23 0 C and dimensionless given as a function of the angle of incidence, z. B. 40 at 20 °.
- the paint of the invention can be applied in a conventional manner to substrates, for. B. by brushing, spraying, dipping, rolling, knife coating, etc.
- It is preferably used as a decorative paint, i. H. used for coating buildings or parts of buildings. It may be mineral substrates such as plasters, gypsum or plasterboard, masonry or concrete, wood, wood materials, metal or paper, z. B. wallpaper or plastic, z. B. PVC act.
- mineral substrates such as plasters, gypsum or plasterboard, masonry or concrete, wood, wood materials, metal or paper, z. B. wallpaper or plastic, z. B. PVC act.
- the paint for building interior parts z.
- interior walls, interior doors, wainscoting, banisters, furniture, etc. use.
- the paints of the invention are characterized by easy handling, good processing properties and high hiding power.
- the paints are low in emissions. They have good performance properties, eg. B. good water resistance, good wet adhesion, especially on alkyd paints, good block strength, good paintability and they show a good course when applied.
- the tool used can be easily cleaned with water.
- novel aqueous polymer dispersion Pd) with the addition of highly branched polycarbonates are also suitable for use as binders, for. B. in paper coating slips.
- Pd) polymer dispersions according to the invention for use in paper coating slips preferably comprise an emulsion polymer which comprises in copolymerized form at least one monomer M) or a monomer combination selected from:
- vinyl aromatic in particular styrene
- olefin selected from C2-C8 monoolefins and non-aromatic hydrocarbons having at least two conjugated double bonds (in particular butadiene).
- a special embodiment of the emulsion polymer are polybutadiene binders which contain in copolymerized form butadiene and a vinylaromatic, in particular styrene, and optionally at least one further monomer.
- the weight ratio of butadiene to vinyl aromatic is z. From 10:90 to 90:10, preferably from 20:80 to 80:20.
- polybutadiene binders the emulsion polymer being at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, particularly preferably at least 80% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, of hydrocarbons having 2 double bonds , in particular butadiene, or mixtures of such hydrocarbons with vinyl aromatics, in particular styrene.
- a further special embodiment of the emulsion polymer are polyacrylate binders which comprise at least one C 1 -C 10 -alkyl (meth) acrylate or a mixture of at least one C 1 -C 10 -alkyl (meth) acrylate and at least one vinylaromatic (in particular styrene) in copolymerized form.
- the emulsion polymers contained in the polybutadiene binders and the polyacrylate binders may contain other monomers, for.
- monomers with carboxylic acid sulfonic acid or phosphonic acid groups.
- the emulsion polymers contain at least one ethylenically unsaturated acid in an amount of 0.05 wt .-% to 5 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the monomers used, in copolymerized form.
- hydroxyl-containing monomers in particular Ci-Cio-hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates, or amides such as (meth) acrylamide.
- Ingredients include paper coating slips in particular
- auxiliaries for.
- the binder used is the above aqueous polymer dispersion Pd), which contains the emulsion polymer and the highly branched polycarbonates.
- natural polymers, such as starch can be used with.
- the proportion of the above aqueous polymer dispersion (calculated as solids, that is to say emulsion polymer and highly branched polycarbonates, without water) is at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight or 100% by weight, based on the total amount of binder.
- the paper coating slips preferably comprise binders in amounts of from 1 to 50 parts by weight, more preferably from 5 to 20 parts by weight, of binder, based on 100 parts by weight of pigment.
- Suitable thickeners b) are, in addition to synthetic polymers, in particular cellulose, preferably carboxymethylcellulose.
- pigment d is understood here as inorganic solids. These solids are responsible as pigments for the color of the paper coating slip (especially white) and / or have only the function of an inert filler.
- the pigment is generally white pigments, e.g. As barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfoaluminate, kaolin, talc, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, chalk or coating Clay or silicates.
- the preparation of the paper coating slip can be done by conventional methods.
- the paper coating slips of the invention have a low viscosity and are well suited for the coating of z. B. raw paper or cardboard.
- the coating and subsequent drying can be carried out by customary methods.
- the coated papers or cardboard have good performance properties, in particular, they are also good in the known printing processes, such as flexo, high, low or Printable offset. Especially in the offset process they produce a high pick resistance and a fast and good color and water acceptance.
- the papers coated with the paper coating slips can be used well in all printing processes, in particular in offset printing.
- Another object of the invention is the use of an aqueous polymer dispersion Pd), as defined above, as adhesive, for membrane production, as binders or auxiliaries for leather and textiles, in the nonwoven area, in detergents and cleaners, in the construction sector, for the modification of plastics , in hydraulically setting compositions, as components for toner formulations or as an additive in electrophotographic applications.
- Pd aqueous polymer dispersion
- HBP 1 hyperbranched polycarbonate
- the reflux condenser was passed through a distillation apparatus consisting of a 20 cm packed column, a descending condenser and a receiver , exchanged and distilled off the ethanol formed in the reaction continuously.
- the reaction mixture was cooled to 100 0 C and to neutralize the potassium carbonate 85% phosphoric acid (0.5 g) was added until a pH - value of less than 7 had set.
- the mixture was stirred at 100 ° C. for a further 1 h.
- residual monomers and residues of ethanol were removed at 140 ° C. and 40 mbar for 10 minutes. Subsequently, the product was cooled and analyzed.
- Dispersion D1 (according to the invention): dispersion of acrylic acid, acrylamide, n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate
- Feed 4 3.30 g of deionized water 2.20 g of ammonia (25%)
- Feed 8 9.35 g of sodium hydroxide solution (10%)
- Comparative dispersion VD2 (without hyperbranched polymer): dispersion of acrylic acid, acrylamide, n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate
- Feed 3 3.30 g of demineralized water 2.20 g of ammonia (25%)
- Feed 5 7.87 g deionized water 4.20 g acetone bisulfite (13.10%)
- Feed 7 9.35 g of sodium hydroxide solution (10%)
- feed 3 was then metered in within 15 minutes and then the feeds 4 and 5 were added in parallel within 1 hour, after which stirring was continued for 15 minutes.
- the reaction mixture was then allowed to cool to 30 ° C. in the course of 90 minutes and, after reaching this temperature, feed 6 was added.
- feed 7 was likewise added at 30 ° C. and then the reaction batch was cooled to room temperature.
- the Brookfield viscosity was determined with spindle 6 (D1) and the spindle 7 (VD2) at 23 0 C.
- the dispersion of the invention has a significantly lower viscosity.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007800513250A CN101605852B (zh) | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-14 | 含有高度支化聚碳酸酯的聚合物分散体 |
| BRPI0721119 BRPI0721119A2 (pt) | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-14 | Dispersão polimérica aquosa, processo para a preparação da mesma, método de modificação das propriedades reológicas de uma dispersão polimérica aquosa, composição aglutinante, material de revestimento, usos de uma composição aglutinante, de uma dispersão polimérica aquosa e de pelo menos um policarbonato altamente ramificado, pasta para o revestimento de papel, e, papelão ou papel |
| AU2007331458A AU2007331458B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-14 | Polymer dispersions containing highly branched polycarbonates |
| EP07857638A EP2102283A1 (de) | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-14 | Polymerdispersionen, die hochverzweigte polycarbonate enthalten |
| JP2009540788A JP5279722B2 (ja) | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-14 | 高分枝ポリカーボネート含有のポリマー分散液 |
| CA2670987A CA2670987C (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-14 | Polymer dispersions comprising highly branched polycarbonates |
| US12/518,896 US8314178B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-14 | Polymer dispersions containing highly branched polycarbonates |
| NO20092256A NO20092256L (no) | 2006-12-15 | 2009-06-11 | Polymerdispersjoner inneholdende sterkt forgrenede polykarbonater |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06126273 | 2006-12-15 | ||
| EP06126273.9 | 2006-12-15 | ||
| EP07121034 | 2007-11-19 | ||
| EP07121033.0 | 2007-11-19 | ||
| EP07121032 | 2007-11-19 | ||
| EP07121032.2 | 2007-11-19 | ||
| EP07121033 | 2007-11-19 | ||
| EP07121034.8 | 2007-11-19 |
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| WO2008071801A1 true WO2008071801A1 (de) | 2008-06-19 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2007/064004 Ceased WO2008071801A1 (de) | 2006-12-15 | 2007-12-14 | Polymerdispersionen, die hochverzweigte polycarbonate enthalten |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8314178B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2102283A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP5279722B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20090097933A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2007331458B2 (de) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0721119A2 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2670987C (de) |
| NO (1) | NO20092256L (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2008071801A1 (de) |
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- 2007-12-14 EP EP07857638A patent/EP2102283A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-12-14 KR KR1020097014699A patent/KR20090097933A/ko not_active Ceased
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011089078A1 (de) * | 2010-01-20 | 2011-07-28 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung einer wässrigen polymerisatdispersion |
| WO2011101395A1 (de) | 2010-02-18 | 2011-08-25 | Basf Se | Polymerdispersion, die ein hochverzweigtes polycarbonat mit ungesättigten fettsäuregruppen enthält |
| JP2013519768A (ja) * | 2010-02-18 | 2013-05-30 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | 不飽和脂肪酸基を有する高分岐ポリカーボネートを含有する、ポリマー分散液 |
| US8530567B2 (en) | 2010-02-18 | 2013-09-10 | Basf Se | Polymer dispersion which comprises a highly branched polycarbonate having unsaturated fatty acid groups |
| WO2016034618A1 (en) | 2014-09-02 | 2016-03-10 | Basf Se | Aqueous pesticide microemulsion |
| WO2016034615A1 (en) | 2014-09-02 | 2016-03-10 | BASF Agro B.V. | Aqueous insecticide formulation containing hyperbranched polymer |
| US10785973B2 (en) | 2014-09-02 | 2020-09-29 | Basf Se | Aqueous pesticide microemulsion |
| EP3781622B1 (de) * | 2018-04-20 | 2022-10-12 | Basf Se | Haftklebstoffzusammensetzung mit auf vernetzung über keto- oder aldehydgruppen beruhendem gelgehalt |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BRPI0721119A2 (pt) | 2015-01-27 |
| KR20090097933A (ko) | 2009-09-16 |
| CA2670987C (en) | 2016-07-19 |
| EP2102283A1 (de) | 2009-09-23 |
| NO20092256L (no) | 2009-09-15 |
| US20100035065A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
| JP2010513586A (ja) | 2010-04-30 |
| CA2670987A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
| JP5279722B2 (ja) | 2013-09-04 |
| AU2007331458B2 (en) | 2013-06-13 |
| US8314178B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 |
| AU2007331458A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
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