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WO2008070922A1 - Chambre de flux - Google Patents

Chambre de flux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008070922A1
WO2008070922A1 PCT/AU2007/001927 AU2007001927W WO2008070922A1 WO 2008070922 A1 WO2008070922 A1 WO 2008070922A1 AU 2007001927 W AU2007001927 W AU 2007001927W WO 2008070922 A1 WO2008070922 A1 WO 2008070922A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
flux
gases
accumulation
accumulation chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AU2007/001927
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Donald De Vries
Cirilo Bernardo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CO2CRC Technologies Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
CO2CRC Technologies Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2006906995A external-priority patent/AU2006906995A0/en
Application filed by CO2CRC Technologies Pty Ltd filed Critical CO2CRC Technologies Pty Ltd
Priority to AU2007332157A priority Critical patent/AU2007332157A1/en
Publication of WO2008070922A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008070922A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0026—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment using an alternating circulation of another gas

Definitions

  • This invention concerns a flux chamber suitable for measuring subsurface gas fluxes.
  • the invention is a method for operating the flux chamber.
  • Carbon Dioxide Geosequestration is developing into a viable means of reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere and so reducing the anthropogenic contribution to global warming.
  • CO2 Geosequestration is a complex subject involving experts from many fields, and one of the areas of interest is the environmental monitoring of a sequestration site.
  • One objective of industry and regulators is to ensure that the sequestration activity does not have an adverse effect on the environment.
  • CO2 may seep up to the surface from its underground natural storage site and at a high enough rate to affect the water table, surface vegetation, or in extreme circumstances pose a risk to human and animal health.
  • As part of the environmental assurance monitoring it is desirable to monitor subsurface CO2 and Methane (CH4) as a means of detecting anomalous measurements which may be associated with the sequestration operations.
  • CH4 Methane
  • the most prevalent method for measuring soil gas is to drive a hollow tube into the ground and to extract a small gas sample from this tube for analysis in the laboratory.
  • This technique offers high precision measurements of gases such as carbon dioxide and methane as well as isotopic analyses of these gases; an isotopic analysis is a useful aid in establishing whether the source of carbon dioxide or methane is predominantly biological (plants and bacteria) or geological (fossil fuels).
  • this technique is labour intensive and is not suitable for long-term continuous monitoring.
  • Gas flux which is the amount of a gas emitted per area over a period of time, can be estimated for the subsurface using soil gas concentration measurements and models of the permeability of the soil in which the measurement was made.
  • This technique is subject to large errors due to the lack of adequate soil gas permeability measurements.
  • the common method of gas flux measurement is to place a 'flux chamber' on the surface of a patch of ground and to sample and measure gas concentrations in that chamber at regular intervals of time.
  • the chief disadvantage of using such a flux chamber is that, in most areas, the observed gas flux will be due primarily to biological activity in a shallow portion of the top soil.
  • the invention is a flux chamber suitable for burial in the ground for long periods of time where it measures the subsurface gas fluxes.
  • the flux chamber comprises:
  • a gas sensor within the accumulation chamber to measure the concentration of the gas or gases of interest.
  • a filter or semi-permeable membrane may be located at the lower end of the accumulation chamber to allow gases to enter the accumulation chamber but reject liquid water, dirt, and other undesirable substances.
  • Such a device offers measurements complementary to existing equipment, which are of value primarily to monitoring carbon dioxide at geosequestration sites.
  • the flux chamber may comprise a bell which could be manufactured from stainless steel.
  • the pipes extending above the accumulation chamber may be fitted with valves to isolate the chamber and control ingress and egress of gases.
  • a mechanical guard may be located at the lower end of the accumulation chamber below the semi-permeable membrane to assist in rejecting solids.
  • the accumulation chamber contains an integral gas sensor and thus avoids dilution problems associated with extracting samples for analysis.
  • the subsurface flux chamber allows frequent in-situ measurements of gas concentrations at any particular depth required by operational procedures. Furthermore, the measurements can easily be converted to flux values.
  • the subsurface flux chamber may be installed at any desired depth, typically to avoid the large gas fluxes associated with topsoil biological activity.
  • An environmental sensor suite may also be placed within the accumulation chamber to provide the pressure, temperature, and humidity measurements needed to obtain the most precise calculations of gas concentrations and fluxes.
  • Computer memory may be provided in the device for storage of data.
  • a transmitter may be provided to relay the data back to base.
  • the flux chamber may be linked to a communications network, particularly a mobile communications network, so that it can automatically and periodically report the results of its activities, for instance by short message.
  • the invention is a method for measuring subsurface gas fluxes, comprising the steps of:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a subsurface flux chamber. Best Modes of the Invention
  • the subsurface flux chamber 10 has an inlet pipe 12 and an outlet pipe 14 extending vertically upwards from the chamber. At the above ground end of the inlet pipe 12, there is a filter 16 to keep out dust and liquid water, and a pump 18 to move air. At the above ground end of the outlet pipe 14 there is also a filter 20.
  • the flux chamber 10 is manufactured from a material which can withstand soil conditions over long periods of time; thermally conducting materials such as 316 Stainless Steel are preferred to less thermally conductive materials like poly vinyl chloride (PVC) since thermal equilibrium with the environment is desirable.
  • the flux chamber 10 is essentially a bell, sealed at the top and sides and open at the bottom to the gases of interest.
  • an electronics enclosure 22 which contains circuitry essential to operation.
  • an accumulation chamber 24 sealed on the sides and top in which gases are accumulated from below, a gas sensor 26 and an environmental sensor suite 28 for measuring the pressure, temperature, and humidity of the gas in the chamber.
  • the gas sensor 26 will usually be compact devices such as 'pellistors' or the Vaisala Carbocap® as examples.
  • the electronics within the chamber are minimised to prevent them from influencing the gas fluxes by, for example, warming the immediate environment.
  • the bulk of the electronics is contained in the electronics enclosure 22 with essential wiring passing through the chamber wall via airtight electrical feedthroughs (not shown).
  • a filter or semipermeable membrane 30 is positioned at the bottom of the accumulation chamber 24 to allow gases of interest to enter the accumulation chamber but reject liquid water, dirt, and other undesirable substances.
  • a mechanical guard 32 is also provided for physical protection of the filter/membrane 30.
  • the filter/membrane 30 may be any porous or semipermeable material which does not react in the soil environment; such materials may include fine stainless steel mesh, porous ceramic, polyethylene mesh, laser perforated membranes (metallic or otherwise), or any number of semipermeable materials available from W.L.Gore and Associates, including GORE-TEX® or similar materials.
  • Valves 34 and 36 are located in the inlet 12 and outlet 14 pipes to isolate the accumulation chamber 24 and control the ingress and egress of gases to and from it.
  • a flood sensor 38 is located inside the accumulation chamber 24 just above the membrane 30, to provide a warning of rising water levels or damage to the membrane. In the event of a flood the sensor's warning is used to shut down the flux chamber operations until the water level recedes.
  • the flux chamber 10 and accumulation chamber 24 can be built to any size necessary, however since the flux chamber is to be buried in the ground a small size is desirable.
  • the flux chamber 10 is buried below the topsoil, so that it does not collect gases that are strongly influenced by biological activity in the topsoil.
  • the accumulation chamber 24 is flushed with air from the atmosphere via the inlet 12 and outlet 14 pipes, filters 16 and 20 and pump 18.
  • the general airflow is indicated in the drawing by arrows.
  • the accumulation chamber 24 is then isolated via the valves 34 and 36 in the pipes 12 and 14.
  • the soil gases 40 are then allowed to permeate and build up in the accumulation chamber 24 over an appropriate period of time; this is known as the accumulation stage.
  • the concentration of the gas or gases of interest is measured at regular intervals using the gas sensor 26. For instance the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, or both, within the accumulation chamber may be measured.
  • An absolute flux can be estimated based on the internal volume of the accumulation chamber, and the permeability and area of the filter/membrane 30.
  • the optional environmental sensor package 28 can be used to measure the pressure, temperature, and humidity of the air within the accumulation chamber 24. These measurements are essential for correcting gas measurements if the most precise values are desired.
  • the environmental sensors may also provide indirect information about the overall condition of the sensor. Periodically, the accumulation chamber 24 is flushed again and the cycle of operation recommenced.
  • an optional skirting may be built into or attached to the lower part of the accumulation chamber to improve flux measurements in conditions where the filter/membrane may provide enough resistance to gas permeation to cause the gas which would otherwise be accumulated to leak around the outer surface of the accumulation chamber.
  • the electronics enclosure is not necessarily integrated into the accumulation chamber since heat generated by the electronics may affect the performance of the system. As a result the electronics enclosure may be separated from the accumulation chamber if it is found to influence gas fluxes by warming up the soil in the vicinity of the accumulation chamber.
  • the pump can flush the gas in the accumulation chamber either by pressurising the chamber and allowing gases to vent through the second tubing, or by pumping gases out of the chamber and allowing air to come in through the second tubing.
  • the lengths and termination of the inlet and outlet pipes within the accumulation chamber are of some importance and will vary according to whether a tube is functioning as an inlet or outlet and requirements of optimal flushing of the chamber while preventing spattering of dirt onto the gas sensor.
  • the gas sensor can measure other gases besides CO2 and CH4, for instance it could measure total hydrocarbons or radon, or many others.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

Dans un premier aspect, la présente invention concerne une chambre de flux permettant la mesure de flux de gaz en subsurface. Ladite chambre de flux comprend : une chambre d'accumulation dans laquelle, en cours d'utilisation, de l'air issu de l'atmosphère est régulièrement injecté; un filtre ou une membrane semi-perméable permettant l'introduction de gaz d'intérêt dans la chambre d'accumulation mais rejetant l'eau liquide, la poussière et d'autres substances indésirables; et un capteur de gaz intégré destiné à mesurer la concentration de gaz d'intérêt, autrement dit de dioxyde de carbone et de méthane. Le dispositif selon l'invention est utile pour surveiller des sites de géoséquestration de dioxyde de carbone. Dans un autre aspect, l'invention concerne un procédé d'utilisation dudit dispositif.
PCT/AU2007/001927 2006-12-14 2007-12-13 Chambre de flux Ceased WO2008070922A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2007332157A AU2007332157A1 (en) 2006-12-14 2007-12-13 Flux chamber

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2006906995 2006-12-14
AU2006906995A AU2006906995A0 (en) 2006-12-14 Flux Chamber

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008070922A1 true WO2008070922A1 (fr) 2008-06-19

Family

ID=39511158

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2007/001927 Ceased WO2008070922A1 (fr) 2006-12-14 2007-12-13 Chambre de flux

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2007332157A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008070922A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010069030A1 (fr) * 2008-12-15 2010-06-24 St. Francis Xavier University Procédé de mesure du flux d'un gaz de sol
WO2012032306A1 (fr) 2010-09-10 2012-03-15 The University Of York Système et procédé de mesure de débit de gaz
WO2013020063A1 (fr) * 2011-08-03 2013-02-07 Colorado State University Research Foundation Mesure d'un flux gazeux à l'aide de pièges
FR2983299A1 (fr) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-31 IFP Energies Nouvelles Methode de detection d'un flux de co2 profond par la determination conjointe de la composition en co2, n2 et o2 des sols
CN104316645A (zh) * 2014-10-09 2015-01-28 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 土壤co2、ch4和n2o通量协同测定装置
JP2015200525A (ja) * 2014-04-04 2015-11-12 国立大学法人九州大学 ガスモニター装置
WO2017078950A1 (fr) 2015-11-06 2017-05-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Capteur de gaz avec chambre d'échantillonnage pouvant être scellée
WO2019106379A3 (fr) * 2017-11-30 2019-07-04 Cniguard Ltd Moniteur pour infrastructure souterraine

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3862576A (en) * 1972-05-22 1975-01-28 Louis August Pogorski Geochemical exploration method
US4468588A (en) * 1982-02-10 1984-08-28 Rca Corporation Cathode support structure for an in-line electron gun assembly
JP2001141197A (ja) * 1999-11-15 2001-05-25 Shimizu Corp 高圧気体貯蔵施設および高圧気体貯蔵施設における漏洩検知方法
US6405135B1 (en) * 2000-07-18 2002-06-11 John J. Adriany System for remote detection and notification of subterranean pollutants
US6543189B1 (en) * 2000-01-10 2003-04-08 Argent Industrial L.P. Environmental protection and detection system
US20060046297A1 (en) * 2004-08-31 2006-03-02 Ball Raymond G In situ remedial alternative and aquifer properties evaluation probe system
FR2880123A1 (fr) * 2004-12-28 2006-06-30 Rech S Geol Et Minieres Brgm E Dispositif de mesure in situ des parametres d'ecoulement d'un gaz emanant

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3862576A (en) * 1972-05-22 1975-01-28 Louis August Pogorski Geochemical exploration method
US4468588A (en) * 1982-02-10 1984-08-28 Rca Corporation Cathode support structure for an in-line electron gun assembly
JP2001141197A (ja) * 1999-11-15 2001-05-25 Shimizu Corp 高圧気体貯蔵施設および高圧気体貯蔵施設における漏洩検知方法
US6543189B1 (en) * 2000-01-10 2003-04-08 Argent Industrial L.P. Environmental protection and detection system
US6405135B1 (en) * 2000-07-18 2002-06-11 John J. Adriany System for remote detection and notification of subterranean pollutants
US20060046297A1 (en) * 2004-08-31 2006-03-02 Ball Raymond G In situ remedial alternative and aquifer properties evaluation probe system
FR2880123A1 (fr) * 2004-12-28 2006-06-30 Rech S Geol Et Minieres Brgm E Dispositif de mesure in situ des parametres d'ecoulement d'un gaz emanant

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
KLUSMAN: "Rate measurements and detection of gas microseepage to the atmosphere from an enhanced oil recovery/sequestration project, Rangely, Colorado, USA", APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY, vol. 18, no. 12, December 2003 (2003-12-01), pages 1825 - 1838 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN *

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010069030A1 (fr) * 2008-12-15 2010-06-24 St. Francis Xavier University Procédé de mesure du flux d'un gaz de sol
US8712692B2 (en) 2008-12-15 2014-04-29 St. Francis Xavier University Method of measuring the flux of a soil gas
WO2012032306A1 (fr) 2010-09-10 2012-03-15 The University Of York Système et procédé de mesure de débit de gaz
WO2013020063A1 (fr) * 2011-08-03 2013-02-07 Colorado State University Research Foundation Mesure d'un flux gazeux à l'aide de pièges
US8714034B2 (en) 2011-08-03 2014-05-06 Colorado State University Research Foundation Gas flux measurement using traps
FR2983299A1 (fr) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-31 IFP Energies Nouvelles Methode de detection d'un flux de co2 profond par la determination conjointe de la composition en co2, n2 et o2 des sols
JP2015200525A (ja) * 2014-04-04 2015-11-12 国立大学法人九州大学 ガスモニター装置
CN104316645A (zh) * 2014-10-09 2015-01-28 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 土壤co2、ch4和n2o通量协同测定装置
WO2017078950A1 (fr) 2015-11-06 2017-05-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Capteur de gaz avec chambre d'échantillonnage pouvant être scellée
EP3371569A4 (fr) * 2015-11-06 2019-08-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Capteur de gaz avec chambre d'échantillonnage pouvant être scellée
WO2019106379A3 (fr) * 2017-11-30 2019-07-04 Cniguard Ltd Moniteur pour infrastructure souterraine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2007332157A8 (en) 2009-07-16
AU2007332157A1 (en) 2008-06-19

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