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WO2008070674A1 - Appareil de restriction d'écoulement et procédés - Google Patents

Appareil de restriction d'écoulement et procédés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008070674A1
WO2008070674A1 PCT/US2007/086395 US2007086395W WO2008070674A1 WO 2008070674 A1 WO2008070674 A1 WO 2008070674A1 US 2007086395 W US2007086395 W US 2007086395W WO 2008070674 A1 WO2008070674 A1 WO 2008070674A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
flow
passageway
swellable member
swellable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2007/086395
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008070674B1 (fr
Inventor
Daniel Turick
Francisco Pineda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BJ Services Co USA
Original Assignee
BJ Services Co USA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BJ Services Co USA filed Critical BJ Services Co USA
Publication of WO2008070674A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008070674A1/fr
Publication of WO2008070674B1 publication Critical patent/WO2008070674B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/08—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells responsive to flow or pressure of the fluid obtained

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to fluid collection or flow systems. In some embodiments, the present invention relates to restricting fluid flow with the use of at least one swellable member.
  • the present invention involves apparatus useful for shutting off the recovery of fluid from an earthen formation through a tubular member.
  • the tubular member includes at least one interior space and at least one port that allows fluid flow into the at least one interior space from the earthen formation.
  • a fluid flow passageway fluidly connects the earthen formation and the interior space of the tubular member.
  • At least one swellable member is expandable into the fluid flow passageway.
  • the swellable member is disposed between the port of the tubular member and the earthen formation. Upon swelling of the swellable member, the swellable member shuts off the flow of fluid into the at least one interior space of the tubular member from the earthen formation.
  • the present invention involves an inflow control device for use in a production pipe for producing oil or gas from an oil and/or gas reservoir.
  • a base pipe includes a bore and at least one port into the bore.
  • An outer pipe extends around the port and forms an annulus around the base pipe.
  • the armulus is in fluid communication with the port of the base pipe and the reservoir. Fluid from the reservoir must flow through the annulus to enter the bore of the base pipe.
  • At least one swellable member is expandable into the annulus.
  • the swellable member is disposed between the port of the base pipe and the reservoir. Upon swelling of the swellable member, the swellable member at least partially restricts the flow of fluid into the bore of the base pipe from the reservoir.
  • the base pipe includes at least one port that allows fluid flow into or out of the interior space.
  • a housing is disposed around the port of the base pipe.
  • At least one passageway is disposed within the housing and fluidly connects the interior space of the base pipe and the exterior of the base pipe. Fluid flow between the interior space and exterior of the base pipe must pass through the at least one passageway.
  • At least one swellable member is expandable into the passageway between the port(s) and the exterior of the base pipe.
  • the swellable member includes at least one swelling elastomer. Upon activation of the swelling elastomer by at least one activating agent provided into the passageway, the swellable member at least partially restricts the flow of fluid through the passageway.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention involve a method of restricting the flow of fluid from an earthen formation into an interior space of a tubular member.
  • the tubular member includes at least one port into the interior space to allow fluid flow into the interior space.
  • the method includes forming a fluid flow passageway around the tubular member and fluidly connecting the fluid flow passageway with the earthen formation and the interior space of the tubular member. Fluid entering the interior space of the tubular member from the earthen formation must flow through the fluid flow passageway.
  • At least one swellable member is positioned in the fluid flow passageway between the at least one port and the earthen formation. Fluid is allowed to flow into the fluid flow passageway from the earthen formation.
  • the swellable member expands into the fluid flow passageway upon contact with at least one activating agent, at least partially restricting the flow of fluid through the passageway and into the interior space of the tubular member from the earthen formation.
  • the present invention includes features and advantages which are believed to enable it to advance fluid flow/collection technology. Characteristics and advantages of the present invention described above and additional features and benefits will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following detailed description of various embodiments and referring to the accompanying drawings.
  • Figure 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of an example tubular member including a swellable member in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 a partial cross-sectional view of another example tubular member including two swellable members in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of the example tubular member of
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of the example tubular member of
  • Figure 2 showing a first swellable member in an activated state
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of the example tubular member of
  • Figure 6 a partial cut-away view of another example tubular member including a swellable member in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a tubular member, or base pipe, 12 having an interior space, or bore, 16.
  • the illustrated tubular member 12 includes at least one port 20 through which fluids flow into the bore 16 from the exterior of the bore 16, such as from an earthen formation 24.
  • at least one swellable member 30 is shown associated with the tubular member 12.
  • the swellable member 30 is expandable into a passageway 36 that fluidly connects the interior space 16 of the base pipe 12 to the earthen formation 24 or other source.
  • fluid entering the base pipe 12 from the earthen formation 24 must flow past the swellable member 30 into the ports 20. If the swellable member 30 swells or expands into the passageway 26, it effectively reduces the cross-section of the passageway 36, at least partially restricting the inflow of fluid into the tubular member 12.
  • the swellable member 30 may have any suitable form, construction and configuration, as long as it is capable of swelling or expanding due to one or more external influences upon it.
  • the term "swellable member” means at least one item capable of increasing in volume size in reaction to one or more external influences upon it.
  • the swellable member 30 may be designed to increase in volume upon its exposure to a particular temperature or pressure, as is and/or becomes known.
  • the swellable member 30 may be at least partially constructed of at least one swelling elastomer 32 capable of increasing in volume size in reaction to (when activated by) one or more activating agents.
  • the activating agent(s) may be any desired agent, such as, for example, water, hydrocarbons, drilling fluid or other fluids or chemicals.
  • Patent Number 6,169,058 to Le et al. entitled “Compositions and Methods for Hydraulic Fracturing” and issued on January 2, 2001
  • U.S. Patent Number 6,358,580 to Mang et al. entitled “Sealing Material Which Swells When Treated with Water” and issued on March 19, 2002
  • U.S. Patent Number 6,834,725 to Whanger et al. entitled “Reinforced Swelling Elastomer Seal Element on Expandable Tubular” and issued December 28, 2004 (including, without limitation, Column 6, line 34 - Column 7, line 47), U.S.
  • Patent Number 6,907,937 to Whanger et al. entitled “Expandable Sealing Apparatus” and issued on June 21, 2005 (including, without limitation, Column 5, line 47 - Column 7, line 30 and figures referenced therein),
  • U.S. Patent Number 6,976,542 to Henriksen et al. entitled “Mud Flow Back Valve” and issued on December 20, 2005 (including, without limitation, Column 3, lines 11-39),
  • Patent Number 7,026,272 to Reddy et al. entitled “Methods and Compositions for Sealing Oil Containing Subterranean Zones” and issued on April 11, 2006 (including, without limitation, Column 4, lines 39-55), all of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
  • the present invention is not limited to the aforementioned types of swellable members and swelling elastomers.
  • the exemplary swellable member 30 is constructed, configured and positioned to provide the desired fluid restriction action in the passageway 36.
  • the specific composition, size and location of the swellable member 30 may depend upon one or more factors, such as the size of the passageway 36 and/or ports 20, the nature of the system within which the base pipe 12 is included, and/or the nature and characteristics of the operating environment.
  • the swellable member 30 includes an elongated strip of swelling elastomer 32 that, in an inactivated state, is double-layer wrapped around the outer circumferential surface of the base pipe 12 proximate to the ports 20.
  • the illustrated swelling elastomer 32 is reactive to hydrocarbons to cause it to expand into and thus reduce the cross-section of the passageway 36.
  • the rubber composition and thickness of the exemplary swelling elastomer 32 may be selected based upon its particular application.
  • the swelling elastomer 32 may have a single or more than two wraps, or may be arranged in a different manner.
  • the swellable member 30 may be positioned with respect to the ports 20, configured and constructed in any desired manner and location. [00026] Still referring to Figure 1, the illustrated swellable member 30 is engaged with the base pipe 12 sufficient to secure its position relative to, and allow its desired expansion into, the passageway 36. For example, the swellable member 30 may be vulcanized, or otherwise attached directly, to the base pipe 12.
  • side members 40 such as annular metal seats 42, may be included to assist in securing the swellable member 30 to the base pipe 12, maintain the swellable member 30 at a pre-defined location in an inactivated state, help direct the expansion of the swelling elastomer 32 when activated or other purpose.
  • the side members 40 may, for example, be formed into or associated with the swellable member 30.
  • the swellable member 30 may include other components, such as one or more curing agents or structural members (not shown) to assist in maintaining the strength, shape or rigidity of the swellable member 30 in an activated state.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above details.
  • the swellable member 30 may be secured to a component other than the base pipe 12 at any desired location relative to the passageway 36 and ports 20.
  • multiple swellable members 30 may be included in a single base pipe 12, and a single swellable member 30 may react to multiple activating agents or external influences and/or include multiple swelling elastomer sections.
  • the swellable member 30 may be designed to partially or fully block the flow of fluid through the passageway 36, as desired.
  • first and second swellable members 44, 48 are included. In an inactivated state, the swellable members 44, 48 allow the inflow 50 of fluid through the passageway 36 and into the base pipe 12 as shown in Figure 3.
  • the first swellable member 44 is designed to block, or substantially stop, the flow of fluid into the base pipe 12.
  • the swellable member 44 may include a swelling elastomer 32 reactive to water.
  • the swellable member 44 Upon activation by contact with water entering the passageway 36, the swellable member 44 is capable of expanding in volume to generally fill the cross-section of the passageway 36, as shown in Figure 4. While a perfect seal may or may not be formed, depending upon the design and desired action of the swellable member 44, the inflow 50 of fluid is essentially blocked from entering the base pipe 12.
  • One potential application for this arrangement is in a hydrocarbon production pipe string where it is desired to generally halt the recovery of formation fluids into the base pipe 12 when water appears in the incoming formation fluid.
  • any suitable technique may be used.
  • a sliding sleeve located between the earthen formation 24 and the swellable member 30 may be opened to allow access to the interior space 16 of the base pipe 12.
  • an external influence such as a chemical solvent, may be provided into the passageway 36, such as from the bore 16 of the base pipe 12, to dissolve or reduce the size of the swellable member 30.
  • a tool may be inserted into the passageway 36 or bore 16 to move, extract or form openings in the swellable member 30.
  • the second swellable member 48 upon expansion, is designed to only partially block the passageway 36 and reduce the flow of formation fluid into the base pipe 12.
  • the swellable member 48 may include a swelling elastomer 32 reactive to hydrocarbons.
  • the swellable member 48 Upon activation by contact with oil and/or gas entering the passageway 36, the swellable member 48 is capable of expanding in volume to partially fill the cross-section of the passageway 36, as shown in Figure 5. The fluid inflow 50 is thus restricted at the swellable member 48.
  • the passageway 36 may have any desired construction, configuration and flow path and may be formed in any desired manner. Further, multiple passageways 36 may be included. In the illustrated example, the passageway 36 is an annulus 52 formed between the base pipe 12 and an annular outer housing 54 that extends over the ports 20. In other examples, the passageway 36 may have a tortuous flow path (e.g. Figure 2), include multiple sections (not shown) or other features.
  • the housing 54 may be part of a second tubular member, another system component or have any other desired form.
  • fluid may enter the passageway 36 in any suitable manner.
  • the housing 54 is associated with a screen assembly 58 positioned over a solid part of the base pipe 12.
  • the housing 54 is axially sealingly engaged with the screen assembly 58, such as by welding, so that the passageway 36 is in fluid communication with the space (not shown) formed between the screen assembly 58 and base pipe 12.
  • the illustrated screen assembly 58 includes a wire wrap screen 60 through which formation fluids pass into the passageway 36.
  • any other suitable component arrangement may be used to form and allow the flow of fluids into the passageway 36.
  • the swellable member(s) 30 may be used in an arrangement not including a screen or filter, such as where an outer surrounding pipe (not shown) has openings for drawing the fluid from an external source, or itself provides the fluids.
  • the swellable member 30 may be used in any system or operation involving fluid collection or flow.
  • the fluid flow may be reversed from the examples described above, where the fluid is moving out of the bore 16 of the tubular member 12 and restricted by the swellable member 30 as it passes through the passageway 36 to the exterior of the tubular member 12.
  • the swellable member 30 may be used in any drainage or production piping, completion component or other location where it is desired to restrict or stop the flow of fluid upon the occurrence of at least one external influence upon the swellable member 30.
  • the swellable member 30 may be used in connection with a flapper valve (not shown).
  • the swellable member 30 may be used in devices commonly known as inflow control devices, fluid flow control devices, flow restriction devices and the like. These devices are collectively referred to herein and in the appended claims as "inflow control devices”.
  • Inflow control devices ICD are sometimes used to control formation fluid flow into a hydrocarbon production pipe string. For example, in long production zones (e.g.
  • ICDs may be used at certain locations in the pipe string to restrict, or effectively choke, the inflow into the drainage pipe according to the pressure profile in the reservoir. In such instances, the ICDs may allow a more even pressure drawdown across the entire formation to evenly distributing the inflow of fluids from the reservoir to the production pipe, improving hydrocarbon production.
  • Patent Number 6,112,815 to Boe et al. entitled “Inflow Regulation Device for a Production Pipe for Production of Oil or Gas From an Oil and/or Gas Reservoii” and issued on September 5, 2006, the Aiamco ICD Specifications for Equalizer Type Completion dated October 4, 2006 and entitled “Technical Parameters for ICD (Equalizer) Production System”, and the article entitled “New, Simple Completion Methods for Horizontal Wells Improve Production Performance in High- Permeability This Oil Zones" by Kristian Brekke and S. C. Lien published in the September 1994 issue of SPE Drilling and Completion, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
  • the swellable member(s) 30 could serve the inflow control device function of limiting the flow of formation fluids into the pipe string (not shown) at the location of the base pipe 12.
  • the embodiment of Figure 1 is an example ICD.
  • formation fluid enters the inflow control device through a tortuous path, such as through a labyrinth structure or spiral or helical channels, to create a pressure drop before the fluid enters the pipe interior.
  • Sand/debris filters are also often included.
  • a profile member 68 extends into the passageway 36 to form a tortuous path for the fluid entering the bore 16 of the tubular member 12 from the earthen formation 24.
  • the illustrated tubular member 12 is associated with a premium-type screen assembly 70 having an outer shroud 72, inner shroud 76 and intermediate filter media 74.
  • one or more swellable member 30 may be included to assist in restricting the flow of hydrocarbons into the bore 16.
  • the illustrated second swellable member 48 reactive to hydrocarbons, as previously described, may enhance the flow control effect of the ICD 64.
  • Inflow control devices may also or instead include adjustable throttling or valve devices, such as a remotely controllable sleeve assembly, to assist in adjusting the flow characteristics of the ICD.
  • adjustable throttling or valve devices such as a remotely controllable sleeve assembly
  • one or more swellable member 30, as previously described may be used in an ICD that includes a valve arrangement (not shown).
  • the swellable member(s) 30 may be used in an ICD to provide the added capability of entirely shutting off a section of pipe.
  • the first swellable member 44 as described above, is capable of substantially or entirely stopping the flow of formation fluid into the interior space 16 of the base pipe 12.
  • One potential application for this arrangement is in horizontal wells when it is desirable to automatically shut off the section of pipe associated with the ICD 64 when water appears in the incoming formation fluid.
  • the swellable member(s) 30 may be used in a multiple screen arrangement, such as shown in Figure 6.
  • the swellable member 30 is expandable into a passageway 36 that fluidly connects an outer screen 80 and an inner screen 84.
  • the passageway 36 is formed by an outer base pipe 88 that extends around an inner base pipe 92.
  • the outer base pipe 88 includes, or is associated with, the outer screen 80, while the inner base pipe 92 includes, or is associated with, the inner screen 84 on the other side.
  • the outer screen 80 filters incoming fluids from the earthen formation 24, while the inner screen 84 provides secondary filtration before the fluid enters the bore 16 of the inner base pipe 92.
  • the inner screen 84 may then serve as the primary filter in place of the outer screen 80.
  • the outer screen 80 is shown as a wire wrap screen 60 and the inner screen is a premium-type screen assembly 70.
  • the screens may have any desired construction and configuration.
  • the normal flow of fluid through the illustrated dual screen device 94 is shown by arrows 96.
  • the illustrated swellable member 30 is expandable in the passageway 36 between the screens 80, 84 to restrict or stop the flow of fluid into the bore 16 of the inner base pipe 92, as desired.
  • the swellable member 30 may include a swelling elastomer 32 that swells in reaction to water to stop the flow of fluid through the passageway 36, effectively shutting the inflow of fluid into the inner base pipe 92.
  • the swellable member 30 may be designed to only partially block flow through the passageway 36 in reaction to water, hydrocarbons or any other desired activating agent, or be reactive to multiple activating agents.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne dans certains modes de réalisation un appareil pour restreindre l'écoulement de fluide provenant d'une formation terrestre dans au moins un espace intérieur d'un élément tubulaire qui comprend un passage reliant de manière fluidique la formation terrestre et au moins un espace intérieur de l'élément tubulaire. Au moins un élément gonflable peut être déployé dans le passage entre l'espace intérieur de l'élément tubulaire et la formation terrestre.
PCT/US2007/086395 2006-12-06 2007-12-04 Appareil de restriction d'écoulement et procédés Ceased WO2008070674A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US87324506P 2006-12-06 2006-12-06
US60/873,245 2006-12-06
US11/946,638 US20090120647A1 (en) 2006-12-06 2007-11-28 Flow restriction apparatus and methods
US11/946,638 2007-11-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008070674A1 true WO2008070674A1 (fr) 2008-06-12
WO2008070674B1 WO2008070674B1 (fr) 2008-10-16

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2007/086395 Ceased WO2008070674A1 (fr) 2006-12-06 2007-12-04 Appareil de restriction d'écoulement et procédés

Country Status (2)

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US (1) US20090120647A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008070674A1 (fr)

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US7703520B2 (en) 2008-01-08 2010-04-27 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Sand control screen assembly and associated methods
US7712529B2 (en) 2008-01-08 2010-05-11 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Sand control screen assembly and method for use of same
US7814973B2 (en) 2008-08-29 2010-10-19 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Sand control screen assembly and method for use of same
US7866383B2 (en) 2008-08-29 2011-01-11 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Sand control screen assembly and method for use of same
WO2011002646A3 (fr) * 2009-07-02 2011-03-31 Baker Hughes Incorporated Configuration de régulation de débit variable télécommandable et procédé
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US8069921B2 (en) 2007-10-19 2011-12-06 Baker Hughes Incorporated Adjustable flow control devices for use in hydrocarbon production
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US8544548B2 (en) 2007-10-19 2013-10-01 Baker Hughes Incorporated Water dissolvable materials for activating inflow control devices that control flow of subsurface fluids
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