WO2008069167A1 - Mat material for raising seedlings made of non-wood fiber - Google Patents

Abstract

It is intended to provide a mat material which is a material made of an abandoned or unutilized wood-free vegetable fiber and usable as a substitute for soil in raising seedlings and by which rice seedlings can be highly smoothly raised without causing growth disorders in raising rice seedlings. A material for raising rice seedlings in the shape of a porous mat which is obtained by mixing a pulp material made of a powdery matter obtained by finely grinding a herbaceous plant belonging to the family of Poaceae and disinfecting with boiling water, a non-heated granular material of fresh bamboo having been ground to give a length in the fiber direction of several mm or less and a granular material of palm having been ground to give a length in the fiber direction of several mm or less too, adding water to the mixture, stirring and kneading the mixture and then compression molding it into a plate followed by dewatering and drying.

Description

 Specification

 Mat material for raising seedlings made of non-wood fiber

 Technical field

 [0001] The present invention relates to a mat-shaped seedling bed material for raising rice seedlings, which is made of biodegradable non-woody plant fibers suitable for use in growing rice seedlings.

 Background art

 Conventionally, in order to grow rice seedlings for rice planting, there is a means for direct seeding and raising seedlings in a field, and in the case of machine-planted seedlings, soil as soil for raising seedlings in rectangular shallow tray shape. It is common practice to cover the soil to a suitable thickness and grow it in a nursery room under heat preservation and humidification conditions.

 [0003] Therefore, the present inventor changed the conventional rice seedling breeding method using this general soil and used it as a seedling bed instead of a culture soil, a force that was being disposed of without being used, natural These plants are individually crushed into powdery particles using plants other than wood, such as bamboo, rattan and rattan, for example, which make effective use of unused plants that have been left undisturbed. Mix and agitate, and raise the seedling by forming the material into a mat of required shape, plant rice together with the mat-like material to the field, and the mat-like material is biodegraded in the field and used as fertilizer for seedling We have proposed a nursery bed for rice that has been reduced by itself.

 Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-187617

 Disclosure of the invention

 Problem that invention tries to solve

However, one of the technical ideas for forming a mat material for raising seedlings = a raising nursery bed described in the prior art involves discharging a growth inhibitor to rice seedlings possessed by fresh bamboo by heating and disinfecting bamboo. The aim was to promote normal growth of rice seedlings by preventing or reducing them.

[0005] In order to supplement the water purification function and the heat generation suppression function inherently possessed by raw bamboo lost by heating and disinfecting this raw bamboo, an in-floor water retention agent or Care was taken to solve the problem by mixing and using a fungicide. However, even after that, as a result of continuing research on the means for preventing the growth inhibitors from being released to rice seedlings possessed by this raw bamboo, as a result, the solution means will be clarified and clarified. We have disclosed the means here and will apply for a new patent.

 [0007] The main issue that has been investigated in this study is that plants that produce and discharge harmful chemicals that adversely affect the growth of rice seedlings (alleopathy = allelopathy = outbreak plants) are fresh bamboos. Rather, it has come to find out that ginger is more likely to be larger.

 [0008] Therefore, in order to further confirm this tendency, the experiment was repeated, and the material obtained by boiling and sterilizing both bamboo and rattan, bamboo was left as raw bamboo, the material obtained by boiling and disinfecting only rattan, and further Also, with regard to palm mixed with these materials, various combinations such as boiled and fresh ones are manufactured, and at the same time, the mixing ratio of bamboo wood to bamboo material and mixing ratio of palm are calculated. Produce 100 to 150 or more sheets of 20 or more kinds of mat materials which were changed variously, spread seed meal, change temperature condition and humidity condition, repeat growth experiment of rice seedling, compare the growth situation in detail. However, in the case of seedlings grown to about 10 to 12 cm, the seedlings grown on mats where both bamboo and rattan were boiled and disinfected were generally similar to the ones with slightly stems and thin roots, but Of raw bamboo, which is a raw material of boiled salmon only. Seedlings were grown in the wood, the stems may be thicker and most steadily growing roots, Nemawari was also good.

 [0009] Also, when the seedlings grown in this manner are transferred to the field, the bamboo remains as raw bamboo compared to the seedlings grown with the mat material in which the bamboo and rattan are both boiled and disinfected. Seedlings grown with only mats boiled and disinfected were found to have better survival in the field.

 [0010] The change in leaf color of the seedlings grown with mats boiled with bamboo and rattan from about 14 days after the planting to this field, and about 14 days after the leaf height grew to about 20 to 24 cm The growth rate of the leaves and roots of the seedlings that were grown with the mat material in which the bamboo was left as raw bamboo and the rattan was boiled and disinfected was faster than the speed of (greening) and the elongation speed of the roots. The stretching speed also grew fast and smoothly.

[0011] Seedlings grown with a mat material in which only this bamboo is left as raw bamboo and boil-disinfected with this latter bamboo are compared with seedlings grown using earth and sand as a floor soil for raising seedlings that has generally been put to practical use. However, the speed of leaf planting to the field was fast, and the speed of leaf elongation and the speed of root growth were also the fastest, and they grew most smoothly.

 [0012] Also, in comparison to the end of the autumn harvest period, compared to the case of seedlings grown with mat material boiled and disinfected with bamboo and rattan, and seedlings grown with a growing bed using general soil. In the case of seedlings grown with a mat material, in which only bamboo is left as raw bamboo, is battered and disinfected, it has the best earing power S, and the yield of bamboo with few immature ears is less with bamboo and bamboo shoots. Can be expected to increase 5 to 8% by weight compared to seedlings grown with mat materials boiled and disinfected together, and 6 to 10% by weight compared to seedlings grown on a general soil bed Was confirmed.

 [0013] Furthermore, in the case of a seedling grown with a mat material in which bamboo is left as raw bamboo and only a rattan is boiled and disinfected, as compared to a seedling grown with a mat material in which both bamboo and rattan are boiled and disinfected. Not only was it possible to confirm the above difference, but as another phenomenon, it was possible to confirm that almost no wrinkles generated in the mat material observed at the time of growing the seedlings were almost zero. It has come to be considered that this may be related to the purification action of water and the antibacterial action, in particular, the reproduction inhibitory action of putrefactive bacteria, which natural bamboo has originally.

 [0014] At the time of development of the prior art described in the cited reference 1, the raw bamboo fiber was hard, rigid, and difficult to be fitted compared to bamboo and palm fibers, so the raw bamboo was boiled with hot water. Force that prioritized to increase the familiarity with other fibers by boiling The results of the research over the years mentioned above show that the rigidity of raw bamboo and the lack of familiarity with other plant materials To compensate for this by making it into fine powdery particles, actively use this to reduce the water purification performance and bactericidal performance originally possessed by fresh bamboo, and to release harmful chemical substances to disseminate rice. We decided to finely crush and boil the herbaceous plants of the rice family, which has been confirmed to inhibit growth, in particular rice straw. It seems that there is no difference in the growth of the seedlings, regardless of the power of boiling and disinfecting the persimmons in the state of the raw material before grinding, and whether it is after grinding and processing into powder.

However, in the mat material used in the above-mentioned experiment, after the koji is crushed and pulped, it is boiled for 40 minutes in hot water at 80 ° C., and the boiled koji material is used as another raw bamboo. It was used as a whole binder by mixing it with the perm material. The mixed material thus prepared was rolled up, compression-molded into a predetermined shape, and dried. Means to solve the problem

 [0016] The composition of the mat material for raising seedlings of non-woody plant fibers of the present invention based on the results of the present investigations is a powder formed by boiling hot water disinfected powder which is a finely ground herbaceous plant of rice family. Rup material, unheated granular material of raw bamboo crushed and crushed to a length of several mm or less in the fiber direction, and palm granular material crushed and crushed to a length of several mm or less in the fiber direction as well The mixed material obtained by adding water, stirring, and kneading to the mixed mixture is compression molded into a plate shape, and it is formed into a porous mat shape which is dewatered and dried.

 [0017] In the practice of the present invention, it is decided to use as the herbaceous plant of the rice family, which is the most easily obtained and generally used effectively, which has been burned or left untouched. The material has been cut into pieces of appropriate length before grinding processing, and the force of heating and disinfecting with hot water, and the power of heating and disinfecting with hot water after grinding and processing, Use hot water disinfected ones.

 Further, the proportions of the above three types of mixed materials are as follows: 15 to 30% by weight of a pulp material obtained by processing the powdery material of herbaceous plant of rice family; 40 to 70% by weight of unheated granular material of raw bamboo; It is preferable that there is no hindrance to the growth of rice seedling S, which is suitably blended in the range of 15 to 30% by weight of powdery particulate matter.

 [0019] The term "raw bamboo" as used herein refers to a raw material which is not subjected to boiling treatment of bamboo plants including commonly known bamboo and other bamboos such as light bamboo and bamboo. The “herbaceous plant of rice family” is a herbaceous plant of rice family excluding woody plants such as bamboo 葦, and is mainly composed of moths * thin * rice * wheat * wheat 'corn, sugarcane and other herbs. Use unnecessary things of use. On behalf of this rice plant, it may be referred to simply as "rose" below. "Palm" includes leaves of palm, palm, etc., and is a plant classified in the family Azalea.

 Effect of the invention

[0020] The mat material for raising seedlings made of non-woody plant fiber according to the present invention is made up of the powdery material of herbaceous plant of rice family, the powdery granular material of bamboo, and the powdery granular material of palmaceous plant material. It is a raw material obtained by disinfecting the powdery substance of the herbaceous plant of the rice family in hot water, which is pre-pulped, and the powder and powder of bamboo is a raw material which is not subjected to heat sterilization. Particulates of plant family plants may be disinfected with heat, but there is no need to use raw ones, so use raw ones and mix the mixture of these three ingredients with water, stir, and knead Compress into a plate of a predetermined thickness Since it is molded and dewatered and dried to form a porous mat, the fiber of hard raw bamboo fiber is interwoven with palm fiber and fiber of soft rice grass plant that has been pulped in advance, and binder is used. As a result, it is possible to obtain a porous matting material which can maintain the necessary viscosity not easily broken and can easily permeate the water with good water permeability.

 [0021] In addition, the release of chemical substances, which has particularly affected the growth of rice seedlings, which has been identified by many years of experiments, has been significantly reduced by heat treatment, and the water purification action and sterilization possessed by fresh bamboo. By effectively utilizing the action and growth, the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is greatly suppressed, and at least the seedlings grow to a predetermined length in the field until at least the seedlings live in the field of the fixed planting area. In the meantime, it was possible to expect the remarkable effect of promoting smooth growth with good survival of the seedlings by the purification action of fresh bamboo.

 [0022] Also, as described above, the pulped powdery material of herbaceous plants of rice family intercalated with powdery particles of raw bamboo or between powdery particles of palmaceous plants, or palmaceous plants Since the cement powder acts as a gluing agent together with the powder particles, no auxiliary agent such as a sizing agent or a binder is necessarily required to produce a mat material. In particular, it is also possible to achieve the advantage of being able to significantly reduce the occurrence and reproduction of Aspergillus, even in that it does not require the mixing of cloth laver or starch, which is considered to be one of the causes of the occurrence of mulberry.

 The non-timber vegetable fiber mat material for raising seedlings according to the present invention is placed in a shallow dish-shaped seedling-growing container, and the surface of the seed meal scattered on the surface thereof is, for example, a toilet paper. , The bonds between the fibers are very thin or extremely weak, so that they are thin enough to absorb water, and if they absorb water, the bonds between the fibers or the materials will be released or broken, and the form as a paper can not be maintained and it is short. / After covering with a sheet material formed of fibers or powder, watering the top of the sheet causes the sheet material to be disintegrated by absorption of water and to conform to and cover individual shapes of the seed meal, and The space and hollows of the material are filled, and the free movement of the seed meal is suppressed and stabilized on the mat material. As a result, the disintegrated and deformed body of the sheet material which has absorbed water covers the individual seeds and protects them from drying, and the initial moisture necessary for germination of the seeds is supplied from the disintegrates of the sheet and the mat on the lower surface. It has the advantage of being able to be used for seedling-specific seedling-promoting seedling growth, which promotes

As described above, the sheet material collapsing due to water absorption as mentioned here is a fiber when it absorbs water. The sheet material made of short fibers or powder that breaks or disintegrates, or bonds between materials, is preferred to be a material that naturally decomposes in the field after raising seedlings, so this should be used according to the present invention. Forming with a mat-forming material, such as the powder of rice bran, is one of the preferable means. In addition, this seed coat covering sheet material may be an extremely thin sheet material such as the toilet paper of the above-mentioned example! /, In order to more surely achieve the prevention of seed drying and the humidity maintaining function, It is preferable to use a plurality of such ultra-thin sheet materials in layers, or use a sheet material formed to a thickness of, for example, about! 2 mm or a mesh sheet on which a minute mesh is formed.

 In this way, after covering the seed coat with a sheet material, a flat plate of about 5 kg in weight formed of thinning material etc. is placed thereabove to protect the seed coat from drying and germination Force S to take measures to promote. In this case, since it is not necessary to use soil and sand again on the seed pot for uniform soil cover work, it is possible to omit the soil cover work using soil and earth, and there is an advantage that it is possible to finish the sowing work extremely simply. is there. In addition, the mat material made in this way is lightweight and convenient to handle!

 Brief description of the drawings

 FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a seedling breeding mat material.

 [FIG. 2] A partially cutaway perspective view showing a sowing state on a mat material.

 [FIG. 3] A schematic side view showing a state in which the upper part of the seeding meal is covered with an extremely thin paper.

 [Figure 4] A schematic side view showing a state in which the upper surface of Figure 3 is being watered.

 [FIG. 5] A schematic side view showing the presser plate placed on the top of FIG.

 [Fig. 6] A schematic side view showing the presser plate removed.

 [Fig. 7] A schematic side view showing a state in which the young sprout has risen.

 [Fig. 8] A side view schematically showing the condition in which the young seedlings are taken out of the closed box.

 Explanation of sign

[0027] 1 pinewood

 2 Raw bamboo powder

 Particulate matter of 3 palmaceous plants

4 Powdered herbaceous plants of rice family 5 Closed box

 6 matt material Honoreda

 Seven species of salmon

 7a sprout

 7b young roots

 8 Permeable ultra thin paper

 9 Presser plate

 10 unfinished mat seedlings

 BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the attached drawings. Drawing is a figure explaining the example of this invention, and FIG. 1 is the perspective view which showed a part of mat material for seedling breeding, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the state which carried out sowing seeding on the upper surface of mat material. 3 is a schematic side view of a state in which the upper part of the rice bran is covered with an extremely thin paper, FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a state in which the upper surface of the thin paper is watered, and FIG. The side view shown, FIG. 6 is a schematic side view with the presser plate removed. Fig. 7 is a schematic side view of the young sprout rising state, and Fig. 8 is a schematic side view of the unfinished seedlings taken out of the closed box.

 [0029] The mat material 1 for raising seedlings made of non-woody plant fibers shown in the examples is raw material of raw bamboo, powdery and granular material of palmaceous plant fiber, and moss which is a kind of herbaceous plant of rice family. It is formed into a flat plate using the pulp material of The mixing ratio of this mixed material is 15 to 30% by weight of the pulp material of the herbaceous plant of rice family, 40 to 70% by weight of unheated powder particles of raw bamboo, and 15 to 30 weight of powder particles of palm. It is preferable that the mixture is in the range of 10% in that the growth rate of the seedlings is good and the fruiting is good.

[0030] In the material of this example, a coarsely ground chip obtained by crushing raw bamboo to a length of about 3 mm in the fiber direction with a crusher is further subjected to a crusher to form powder particles of raw bamboo, Particulates obtained by grinding the fibers of palmaceous plants, and the material obtained by drying the straw, which has been cut to an appropriate length of about 30 to 40 cm, are placed in a cauldron for about 40 minutes at about 80 to 90 degrees Celsius. The material boiled and boiled with hot water is heated and dried, the pulverized material is pulped, the thickness is about 5 mm, the pulp material is dewatered and dewatered with a net conveyor, and further the powder of bamboo charcoal and bamboo vinegar, The mixture was placed in a large-sized mixing pot and uniformly mixed and mixed to form a mixed material as a raw material.

[0031] More specifically, 50% by weight of raw bamboo powder and granular material: 25% by weight of palm plant powder and granular material: 25% by weight of boiled bran pulp and, in this example, further powder of bamboo charcoal 2% by weight of the total weight and 1% by weight of bamboo vinegar were placed in a cauldron and stirred and mixed so that the respective raw materials were sufficiently uniformly mixed, to obtain a molding material.

This molding material is removed from the cauldron by placing it on a net-like conveyor, putting it in a compression mold at a temperature of about 200 ° C. and a pressure of about 3.5 kg / cm 2, compressing for 30 seconds, and mat-like 3 cm thick The mat material shown in Fig. 1 was formed by drying it with compressed air with a blower and using the warm air blower and the radiant heat with a heater during the wet and rainy seasons of the rainy season. .

 Using this mat material, mat seedlings of rice were grown through the progress shown in FIGS. 2 to 8 described in detail below. Reference numeral 21 shown in FIG. 1 denotes a large number of small holes formed on the surface of the mat material 1, which are formed for preventing migration of seed balls, preventing slippage and promoting water absorption of the mat. However, this small hole is not always necessary.

 Thus, the mat material 1 for raising seedlings having an outer size of approximately 28 cm in length, 58 cm in width, and 3 cm in thickness is taken as a first step, and the inner area is 28 cm in length, as shown in FIG. In a rectangular shallow dish-shaped holder 6 (resin case) formed 58 cm wide and 5 cm deep, it is accommodated in a “directly placed” state without the intervention of moss or earth and sand. This dish-shaped holder 6 used a container for cultivating a mechanical seedling that used current soil.

 Next, as a second step, as shown in FIG. 2, seed rice 7 is scattered on the upper surface of the mat material 1 in the holder 6 uniformly at a density 4 times to 5 times the amount of normal sowing. . This mowing also used a lumbering machine to a container for cultivating a machine seedling using current soil.

 Next, as the third step, as shown in FIG. 3, when the entire top surface of the seed meal 7 after sowing is absorbed with water, the fragile ultra-thin paper has the property that the bonds between the fibers are broken and deformed. In the experiment, the toilet paper was covered as a stack of three.

After this process, or before covering the upper surface of this seed coat 7 with the ultra-thin paper 8, as shown in FIG. 4, with the multiple holders 6 after seeding, room humidity is applied to the entire bottom surface. A non-woven water-absorbing mat 51 for holding is used to seal the sealable seedling growth box 5 which is sealable. Arranged in.

 Subsequently, as the fourth step, as shown in FIG. 4, water is sprayed uniformly from the upper side of the extremely thin paper 8 using a funnel W or the like on the upper surface of all the holders 6 in this arrayed state. 7 and mat material 1 were watered in a water-wet condition. By this watering, the very thin paper 8 on the seed pad is deformed by water absorption and changes so as to wrap the upper surface of the seed pad 7 and functions to fill the gap between the seed pots and protect it from drying. Then, it was made for seed moth 7 to act to compensate for the initial humidity required for germination.

 As a fifth step, as shown in FIG. 5, a holding plate which is the same shape and size as the mat material 1, that is, a rectangle measuring 28 cm long and 58 cm wide, and its own weight is about 5 kg Place 9 on seeding pods as a weight to prevent drying and block light. In this state, the inside of the sealed box 5 was airtightly sealed to prevent the room from drying and the external light was also largely cut to make it dim.

 Under such a pressure-sealed state, rooting of seed meal 7 is promoted, and after 11 days under this state, generation of radicle 7 b from various kinds of rice straw 7 is sufficiently advanced under pressing plate 9, It was possible to confirm that the juvenile 7a in the lying posture also grew to such an extent that its dimensions reached the first criterion (about 3 cm). That is, in this example, it was possible to promote rooting and germination of the seed meal 7 to a state in which ambient light may be applied on the 11th day after sowing.

 Therefore, as the sixth step, as shown in FIG. 6, the closed top plate of the upper part of the closed box 5 is opened and placed on the individual mat material 1 as shown by the arrow A in FIG. The holding plate 9 was removed, and the seedling was covered with a cold plate so that it could receive external light so that it would not receive direct sunlight. In this way, after one full day, the young shoots who were sleeping turned up entirely and greening began, and on the next day, the young shoots were almost fully raised and the greening advanced considerably. Also, the young roots were in the mat 1.

 In this way, after 3 days, the cold potato was removed, and the seedlings were allowed to be exposed to the external light, and it took about a week after removing the presser plate 9 and, in this example, the 18th day after sowing As shown in FIG. 7, when the presser plate 9 is removed, the juveniles 7a, which were in the lying posture, stand up almost in parallel and stand upright, and are fully greened, and the height is the second judgment standard (about 8 cm Reached).

As described above, as the eighth step, the uncompleted seedlings 10 grown to the second judgment standard are taken out from the closed box 5 together with the holder 6 as shown by the arrow B in FIG. Move to the process It was placed in the open paddy field and allowed to continue growing under natural conditions for about 10 days. This training was carried out with the holder 6 kept.

 [0044] The mat seedlings thus grown to the extent that rice planting is possible after the acclimatizing action has passed are transplanted to the field, in this case, to the paddy field. This transplanting to the paddy field is carried out by taking out the mat-like seedling from the holder 6 and placing it on the seedling platform of the rice transplanter, as with the conventional seedling grown using soil, and putting several mats together with the mat material. I planted the machine while dividing it.

 Seedlings thus planted in the machine grew extremely well, and their survival in the field increased, and in the autumn they were able to harvest a little more good rice than general.

Claims

The scope of the claims  [1] A pulp material formed of hot water disinfected powder which is finely ground a herbaceous plant of rice family, and unheated granular material of raw bamboo crushed and crushed to a length of several mm or less in fiber direction, Similarly, a mixture obtained by mixing water and stirring / kneaded with a mixture of palm powder particles crushed and crushed to a length in the fiber direction of several mm or less is compression molded into a plate, and it is dehydrated and dried. Mat material for raising seedlings made of non-wood vegetable fiber formed in a mat-like shape.  [2] The non-wood fiber product according to claim 1, wherein the powdery matter of the herbaceous plant of rice family is a powdery matter of mulberry, which has been subjected to heat sterilization with hot water before being ground and processed. Mat material for raising seedlings.  [3] The powdery material of a herbaceous plant of rice family is a powdery material of mulberry, which has been subjected to heat sterilization with hot water after being crushed and processed. Mat material for.  [4] The proportion of the mixture is 15 to 30% by weight of pulp material of herbaceous plant of rice family, 40 to 70% by weight of unheated powdery granular material of raw bamboo, 15 to 30% by weight of granular powder of palm The mat material for raising seedlings according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is a mixture obtained by mixing them.