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WO2008056248A2 - Procédé et système de refroidissement d'hydrocarbures - Google Patents

Procédé et système de refroidissement d'hydrocarbures Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008056248A2
WO2008056248A2 PCT/IB2007/003433 IB2007003433W WO2008056248A2 WO 2008056248 A2 WO2008056248 A2 WO 2008056248A2 IB 2007003433 W IB2007003433 W IB 2007003433W WO 2008056248 A2 WO2008056248 A2 WO 2008056248A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lumen
production fluid
passive
unit
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2007/003433
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008056248A3 (fr
Inventor
John Daniel Friedemann
Eric Smedstad
Kunal Dutta-Roy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vetco Gray Scandinavia AS
Original Assignee
Vetco Gray Scandinavia AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vetco Gray Scandinavia AS filed Critical Vetco Gray Scandinavia AS
Publication of WO2008056248A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008056248A2/fr
Publication of WO2008056248A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008056248A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to GB0908290A priority Critical patent/GB2456952A/en
Priority to NO20092218A priority patent/NO20092218L/no
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
    • B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
    • B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
    • B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/26—Pigs or moles, i.e. devices movable in a pipe or conduit with or without self-contained propulsion means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/26—Pigs or moles, i.e. devices movable in a pipe or conduit with or without self-contained propulsion means
    • F16L55/28—Constructional aspects
    • F16L55/30—Constructional aspects of the propulsion means, e.g. towed by cables
    • F16L55/32—Constructional aspects of the propulsion means, e.g. towed by cables being self-contained
    • F16L55/34—Constructional aspects of the propulsion means, e.g. towed by cables being self-contained the pig or mole being moved step by step
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
    • F17D1/16—Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/20—Arrangements or systems of devices for influencing or altering dynamic characteristics of the systems, e.g. for damping pulsations caused by opening or closing of valves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and to a system for conversion of a sub- sea hydrocarbon production fluid from above a solids formation temperature to below the said temperature for further transport through a flowline in the form of slurry.
  • the solids may be hydrates which are formed as a mixture of gas and water is cooled under pressure, or wax, asphalte- nes, organic and inorganic salts which are dissolved in the production fluid at production temperature and which precipitate below that temperature or pressure. Obviously, uncontrolled agglomeration and deposition of solids on the tubing interior successively result in reduced flow.
  • a third technology is to accept the heat and pressure loss and to control the process.
  • This solution can generally be referred to as "cold or sub-cooled flow technology".
  • cold flow solutions method and apparatus are provided by which the production fluid is cooled to a solids formation temperature at a location from where the production fluid is further transported as slurry at the lower temperatures.
  • the lumen is contained in a heat ex- changer containment through which a coolant medium is circulated in order to lower the temperature of the production fluid to a solids formation temperature.
  • Drawbacks in prior art solutions are complex installation and unstable or unsatisfactory operation. None of the prior art solutions have paid significant attention to installation ability and operability of a sub-sea system.
  • the cold flow technology essentially protects a flowline downstream of a cold flow device. Flow upstream of the cold flow device is still susceptible of flow assurance issues such as wax and hydrates. For this reason, the flowlines upstream of the cold flow device must be insulated and/ or treated, as is usual practise today.
  • An object of the invention is therefore to provide a method and a system that improve the cold-flow technology through simplified installation, reduced installation costs, and enhanced and steady operation of a slurry formation system and method.
  • the object is achieved by a method for cooling a subsea production fluid of hydrocarbon product from above a solids formation temperature for further transport below the said temperature as slurry, comprising the steps of feeding the production fluid through a lumen by which heat is transferred through the lumen wall to an ambient cooling medium, such as sea water, for precipitation of material dissolved in the production fluid, as well as the step of dislodging any attaching solid matter from the lumen wall by means of a runner passing with the production fluid flow through said lumen.
  • the production fluid is initially cooled to a temperature still above the solids formation temperature at a location upstream of said lumen.
  • the initial cooling step provides more efficient control of hydrate and /or wax formation in a temperature transition zone.
  • the initial cooling also permits reduced dimensions and a more compact design of structures operating in the transition zone, as the amount of energy to be transferred from the production fluid to a cooling medium in the transition zone is likewise reduced in result of the preceding cooling step.
  • the method further comprises the step of feeding the production fluid through a passive unit comprising a first lumen, as viewed in the flow direction of production fluid, the first lumen preferably having no runner passing there through.
  • the method further comprises the step of feeding the production fluid through the first lumen in the form of a helix configuration arranged in the passive unit.
  • the method includes the step of feeding the pre-cooled production fluid from the passive unit through a second lumen in the form of a he- lix configuration arranged in an active unit located downstream of the passive unit, and running a flexible runner through the second lumen of the active unit.
  • a subsea hydrocarbon production fluid cooling sys- tern comprising a passive unit and an active unit arranged in succession in the production fluid flow, wherein the passive unit comprises a first lumen having an inlet in flow communication with a hydrocarbon product flowline, said first lumen arranged to receive the production fluid at a temperature above a solids formation temperature and to discharge the same at a lower temperature above the solids formation temperature via an outlet, said outlet from the first lumen being in flow communication with an inlet to a second lumen arranged in the active unit, from which second lumen the production fluid is discharged as slurry via an outlet in flow communication with the flowline downstream of the active unit.
  • At least one of the lumens of the passive and active unit has a helix configuration.
  • a helical lumen of the active unit is preferably arranged for the passage of a flexible runner there through.
  • the helical lumen of the passive and/ or the active unit is arranged vertically on a substructure.
  • the helical lumen of the passive and active units may be stacked vertically above each other in a substructure.
  • the substructure, supporting the passive and/ or active units, can be arranged on the sea bed.
  • the flow related pressure loss in the device can be controlled in such a manner that the combined pressure and temperature losses are controlled to minimize the rate of formation of the formed solids.
  • One or both of the passive and active units may be encased in a housing, containing a cooling medium.
  • Permanently mounted devices may further be arranged to provide external circulation of cooling medium surrounding the lumen/ lumens.
  • the system may further be configured to allow access such as for cleaning purposes.
  • the piping comprised in the system may further advantageously be coated in view of increasing heat transfer to the ambient and to reduce accumulation of fouling material from the surrounding environment.
  • Fig. 1 shows the set up of cooperating passive and active units in a system according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows in a side view a preferred embodiment of a cooling loop comprised in the passive and/ or active units
  • Fig. 3 illustrates schematically the cooling process including passive and active steps according to the present invention.
  • reference number 1 indicates a cut out portion of a flowline 1 through which a produced hydrocarbon fluid is transported in a flow direction F from a production site located upstream, i.e. at the left hand side of the drawing, towards a sea-based or land-based host plant located downstream, at the right hand side of the drawing.
  • the production fluid is cooled in steps from a production temperature at which hydrates and/ or wax are dissolved in the fluid, to a lower temperature at which the hydrates and/ or wax precipitates into solid matter entrained in the fluid.
  • the stepped cooling process relies on a passive unit 2 in cooperation with an active unit 3 located in series therewith and downstream.
  • Each unit 2, 3 comprises a cooling loop including a continuous lumen defined by a tubular wall.
  • the successive passive and active units 2 and 3 are preferably located as close as will be practical to a production site or a manifold connecting to a number of hydrocarbon product wells. Albeit the passive and active units are shown as separated in the drawing, a distance between the units may be reduced to a minimum.
  • Each of the passive and active units may be individually enclosed in a separate housing 4, or they may be together enclosed in a common housing containing a cooling medium. Alternatively, the passive and active units 2 and 3 may be exposed to the ambient sea-water.
  • the production fluid having a temperature above a solids formation temperature enters via an inlet 5, passes a cooling loop 6 and exits via an outlet 7 at a reduced temperature which is still above the solids formation temperature.
  • the production fluid exiting the outlet 7 of the passive unit is thus still characterized by hydrates and/ or wax dissolved in the fluid.
  • the cooling loop 6 com- prises a lumen 8 which is defined by a tube-shaped lumen wall 9, through which heat is transferred from the production fluid to an ambient coolant, such as sea- water, illustrated in the drawing through the arrow H.
  • Valves 10 are controllable for bypass of production fluid and for isolation of the cooling loop 6.
  • Controls and monitoring devices 11 may be enclosed in a separate capsule and connected to a remote operator's control via power and signal wires (not shown).
  • the production fluid which exits from the passive unit at a temperature above a solids formation temperature enters via an inlet 5', passes a cooling loop 6' and exits as slurry via an outlet 7' at a temperature which is below the solids formation temperature.
  • the production fluid which enters the inlet 5' of the active unit thus contain hydrates and/ or wax dissolved in the fluid, which is suc- cessively cooled to below the solids formation temperature in the active unit to exit as slurry via the outlet 7' of the active unit.
  • the active unit 3 comprises a lumen 8' which is defined by a tube-shaped lumen wall 9', through which heat is transferred from the production fluid to an ambient coolant, such as sea- water, illustrated in the drawing through the arrow H.
  • Valves 10' are controllable for bypass of production fluid and for isolation of the cooling loop 6'.
  • Controls and monitoring devices 11 ' may be enclosed in a separate capsule and connected to a remote operator's control via power and signal wires (not shown).
  • the active unit 3 has a movable pig or runner 12 circulating with the production fluid inside lumen 8'.
  • the temperature of the production fluid is reduced below a hydrate and/ or wax formation temperature, eventually resulting in solids attaching to the lumen wall.
  • the runner is effective for dislodging any attaching solid matter from the lumen wall.
  • a flexible runner 12 is preferred.
  • a flexible runner may be formed with radial flanges supported from a flexible stem, the flanges being operative for scraping the inside of the lumen wall upon passage of the runner through the lumen. Gate valves through the lumen wall for entrance and exit of the runner are known "in the art, and indicated in the drawing at 15.
  • one or more passive and/ or active units may be arranged in the flow of production fluid, if appropriate.
  • Each of the passive and active units 2, 3 may comprise a valve and control block and the associated cooling loop/loops mounted on a substructure.
  • the cooling loops may be placed directly on the seabed, and equipped with appropriate means and controls meeting with shut- in inhibition requirements.
  • a cooling loop 6, 6' of helix configuration is sup- ported from a sub-structure 13.
  • the sub-structure 13 and the cooling loop 6, 6' may be seated on the sea bed and open to the ambient sea-water, or may be enclosed in a housing (not shown) containing a cooling medium into which heat is transferred from the production fluid through the helical wall 9, 9', said wall defining a helical lumen for passage of the production fluid.
  • the helical loop 6, 6' may be supported in vertical orientation as illustrated. The vertical orientation will provide the advantage of drainage control and simplified inhibition in case of shut-ins.
  • the sub-structure may be arranged for a horizontal support of the helical cooling loop. In both cases, columns 14 may be comprised in the sub-structure for fixation of the cooling loop.
  • the helical loop 6, 6' is connected to the flowline 1 via inlet and outlet piping, equipped with corresponding bypass and isolation valves 10" substantially as discussed above.
  • Control and monitoring equipment 11" would typically be correspondingly supported on the sub-structure 13.
  • the necessary wiring and connectors for power supply and control can be composed of proven sub-sea equipment known to the skilled person.
  • the cooling loop of helical configuration may advantageously be applied to one or both of the passive and active units 2 and/ or 3, respectively.
  • the set up includes the units arranged in succession, horizontally side by side, or vertically above each other.
  • a flexible runner 12 is insertable through adequate gates for passage through the helical lumen together with the production fluid. Suitable structure of such gate is already known in the art and need no further explanation. Gates are advantageously duplicated to make possible the use of backup runners, if appropriate.
  • the passive and active units 2, 3 are thus arranged in succession, and operative for a stepped cooling of the produced hydrocarbon fluid as is schematically illustrated in fig. 3.
  • the passive unit 2 is located on the upstream side of a temperature window representing a hydrate and/ or wax transition zone, wherein the fluid is cooled in the active unit 3 to below a hydrate and/ or wax formation temperature.
  • the first step of the cooling system will thus mainly depend on the length and di- ameter of the cooling loop 6, defining the first lumen 8 of the passive unit 2.
  • the piping of cooling loops 6, 6' may have a diameter of 6, 8 or 10 inches, e.g.
  • the length of the cooling loop 6', defining the second lumen 8' of the active unit 3, may in this example be in the order of about 250-500 m.
  • the stack height in a vertical orientation of the helical loop may be estimated to, e.g., 15 times the inner diameter of the helical piping.
  • cooling loops should be designed according to methods appropriate to marine applications.
  • Surface coatings when applied should be chosen to ensure optimal heat transfer and simultaneous control of surface accumulations and corrosion by-products.
  • a preferred embodiment would typi- cally include use of corrosion resistant materials in the construction of recycle/cooling loops as an alternative to the use of corrosion resistant coatings.
  • the helical designs illustrated herein allows for access to the tubing for removal from accumulations to the piping surface. Such removal can be performed using permanently mounted pumping devices designed to provide sufficient circulation of external water to remove marine growth or sediments from the piping. When used continuously, these circulation devices can also increase the cooling capacity of the cooling loops.
  • Such a system can be installed in several modified embodiments of the present invention.
  • the illustrated embodiment also allows for cleaning using remotely or robotically operated devices or by direct access via divers or other human operated submarine devices.
  • the cooling system is preferably designed to be self-draining, and may preferably also include features for chemical injection and inhibition of the system during shut-in periods of the field operation.
  • Solids formation may be further enhanced by pressure loss.
  • the flow related pres- sure loss in the device can be controlled in such a manner that the combined pressure and temperature losses are controlled to minimize the rate of formation of the formed solids.
  • tubing and flow-paths may advantageously be designed to control both the pressure and temperature loss in order to control the formation of solids formed by pressure /temperature reduction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Pipeline Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé servant à refroidir un fluide de production sous-marine d'hydrocarbures depuis un niveau supérieur à une température de formation de solides afin d'en continuer le transport à une température inférieure à ladite température, sous forme de boue liquide. Ceci consiste à faire passer le fluide de production à travers un conduit (8), de manière à transférer la chaleur à travers la paroi (9') dudit conduit à un milieu de refroidissement ambiant permettant de précipiter le matériau dissous dans le fluide de production, ainsi qu'à déloger toute matière solide collante au moyen d'un élément mobile (12) passant à travers le conduit en même temps que le fluide de production. Ce dernier est initialement refroidi à une température encore supérieure à la température de formation de solides, au niveau d'un emplacement situé en amont dudit conduit (81). L'invention concerne également un système de refroidissement de fluide de production d'hydrocarbures sous-marins, qui comprend une unité passive (2) et une unité active (3) placées consécutivement dans le flux de fluide de production, ladite unité passive (2) comportant un premier conduit (8) et ladite unité active comportant un deuxième conduit (8') conçus pour recevoir le fluide de production prérefroidi depuis le premier conduit de l'unité passive et pour évacuer ledit fluide sous forme de boue liquide contenant des solides entraînés dans le fluide de production.
PCT/IB2007/003433 2006-11-09 2007-11-09 Procédé et système de refroidissement d'hydrocarbures Ceased WO2008056248A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0908290A GB2456952A (en) 2006-11-09 2009-05-14 A method and a system for hydrocarbon production cooling
NO20092218A NO20092218L (no) 2006-11-09 2009-06-09 Fremgangsmate og system for kjoling av hydrokarbonproduksjon

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US85777506P 2006-11-09 2006-11-09
US60/857,775 2006-11-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008056248A2 true WO2008056248A2 (fr) 2008-05-15
WO2008056248A3 WO2008056248A3 (fr) 2008-07-24

Family

ID=39364893

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2007/003439 Ceased WO2008056252A2 (fr) 2006-11-09 2007-11-09 Système et procédé de production d'hydrocarbures sous-refroidis comprenant un élément mobile entraîné
PCT/IB2007/003433 Ceased WO2008056248A2 (fr) 2006-11-09 2007-11-09 Procédé et système de refroidissement d'hydrocarbures
PCT/IB2007/003437 Ceased WO2008056250A2 (fr) 2006-11-09 2007-11-09 Procédé et système de production d'hydrocarbures sous-refroidis comprenant la macération de précipités

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2007/003439 Ceased WO2008056252A2 (fr) 2006-11-09 2007-11-09 Système et procédé de production d'hydrocarbures sous-refroidis comprenant un élément mobile entraîné

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2007/003437 Ceased WO2008056250A2 (fr) 2006-11-09 2007-11-09 Procédé et système de production d'hydrocarbures sous-refroidis comprenant la macération de précipités

Country Status (5)

Country Link
BR (2) BRPI0718664A2 (fr)
GB (3) GB2456953A (fr)
NO (3) NO20092219L (fr)
RU (3) RU2009120141A (fr)
WO (3) WO2008056252A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7703535B2 (en) 2005-07-29 2010-04-27 Benson Robert A Undersea well product transport
US8256519B2 (en) 2008-07-17 2012-09-04 John Daniel Friedemann System and method for sub-cooling hydrocarbon production fluid for transport

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8334141B2 (en) 2008-01-03 2012-12-18 Baker Hughes Incorporated Hydrate inhibition test loop
US9068451B2 (en) 2010-03-11 2015-06-30 Sinvent As Treatment of produced hydrocarbon fluid containing water
US10578128B2 (en) 2014-09-18 2020-03-03 General Electric Company Fluid processing system

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US3900041A (en) * 1974-05-13 1975-08-19 Marathon Oil Co Modification of particle hardness in waxy crude oil slurries
US3910299A (en) * 1974-11-15 1975-10-07 Marathon Oil Co Transportation of waxy hydrocarbon mixture as a slurry
US4697426A (en) * 1986-05-29 1987-10-06 Shell Western E&P Inc. Choke cooling waxy oil
US5096461A (en) * 1989-03-31 1992-03-17 Union Oil Company Of California Separable coal-oil slurries having controlled sedimentation properties suitable for transport by pipeline
US5676848A (en) * 1992-02-18 1997-10-14 Benson; Robert A. Method of separating employing a continuous re-entrant lumen with wall conditioning elements
GB9302096D0 (en) * 1993-02-03 1993-03-24 Century Associates Limited Pipeline pig control apparatus
NO304382B1 (no) * 1996-09-06 1998-12-07 Norske Stats Oljeselskap FremgangsmÕte for Õ °ke transporterbarheten av en tungolje
US6070417A (en) * 1999-03-29 2000-06-06 Benson; Robert A. Method for making slurry
EP1418817A1 (fr) * 1999-07-12 2004-05-19 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Procede permettant de reduire l'accumulation de solides dans des flux d'hydrocarbures produits dans des puits
US6789938B2 (en) * 2001-08-29 2004-09-14 Conagra Grocery Products Company Device and method for removing build-up on measurement gauges
US7918283B2 (en) * 2004-12-20 2011-04-05 Shell Oil Company Method and apparatus for a cold flow subsea hydrocarbon production system
US7703535B2 (en) * 2005-07-29 2010-04-27 Benson Robert A Undersea well product transport

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7703535B2 (en) 2005-07-29 2010-04-27 Benson Robert A Undersea well product transport
US8033336B2 (en) 2005-07-29 2011-10-11 Benson Robert A Undersea well product transport
US8256519B2 (en) 2008-07-17 2012-09-04 John Daniel Friedemann System and method for sub-cooling hydrocarbon production fluid for transport

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2456954A (en) 2009-08-05
GB0908290D0 (en) 2009-06-24
WO2008056252A2 (fr) 2008-05-15
NO20092218L (no) 2009-06-09
WO2008056250A2 (fr) 2008-05-15
GB0908292D0 (en) 2009-06-24
WO2008056248A3 (fr) 2008-07-24
RU2009120141A (ru) 2010-12-20
NO20092220L (no) 2009-06-09
GB2456953A (en) 2009-08-05
BRPI0718663A2 (pt) 2013-11-26
WO2008056252A3 (fr) 2008-07-31
WO2008056250A3 (fr) 2008-07-03
RU2009120140A (ru) 2010-12-20
BRPI0718664A2 (pt) 2013-11-26
RU2009120139A (ru) 2010-12-20
NO20092219L (no) 2009-06-09
GB2456952A (en) 2009-08-05
GB0908291D0 (en) 2009-06-24

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