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WO2007121929A1 - Parallel hybrid drive - Google Patents

Parallel hybrid drive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007121929A1
WO2007121929A1 PCT/EP2007/003454 EP2007003454W WO2007121929A1 WO 2007121929 A1 WO2007121929 A1 WO 2007121929A1 EP 2007003454 W EP2007003454 W EP 2007003454W WO 2007121929 A1 WO2007121929 A1 WO 2007121929A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electric machine
parallel hybrid
hybrid drive
internal combustion
combustion engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2007/003454
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ekkehard Pott
Michael Zillmer
Peter Lück
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
Original Assignee
Volkswagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Publication of WO2007121929A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007121929A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/427—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/11—Electric energy storages
    • B60Y2400/112—Batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/11—Electric energy storages
    • B60Y2400/114—Super-capacities
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a parallel hybrid drive for motor vehicles according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Parallel hybrid drives for motor vehicles are characterized in that the drive power can be provided by an internal combustion engine and / or a motor-driven electric machine.
  • two embodiments are to be distinguished, namely single-shaft and twin-shaft parallel hybrid drives.
  • a single-shaft parallel hybrid drive comprising an internal combustion engine, a first electric machine which is fixedly connected to the internal combustion engine, and a second electric machine which is connected via a clutch to the internal combustion engine.
  • the first electric machine serves on the one hand to start the internal combustion engine and to charge a battery.
  • the second electric machine is used for electric motor drive and a brake energy recovery, in which case the battery is also charged in the latter case.
  • a twin-shaft parallel hybrid drive comprising an internal combustion engine, a first electric machine which is fixedly connected to the internal combustion engine, and a second electric machine, wherein the internal combustion engine or the first electric machine via a first clutch and the second electric machine via a second clutch with a drive connection to the drive wheels is connectable.
  • the first electric machine is used primarily for charging a battery or for supplying electrical energy for the second electric motor-operated machine.
  • the second electric machine is used for electric motor drive and a brake energy recovery, then in the latter case also the battery is charged.
  • a vehicle drive control system comprising an internal combustion engine, a first electric machine and a second electric machine.
  • the internal combustion engine can be connected via a coupling with the second electric machine, which in turn is connected to a transmission.
  • the second electric machine is assigned an energy store at a high voltage level of, for example, 345 V, via which the second electric machine is supplied in motor operation or which is charged in regenerative operation.
  • the first electric machine is connected to a battery which is at a low voltage level of, for example, 12 V and during motor operation the first electric machine is supplied with voltage or is charged in generator mode by the first electric machine.
  • the first electric machine is used in engine operation exclusively to drive an air conditioner.
  • the achievable with electric machines torque assistance not only depends significantly on the performance and torque of the electric machine, but is also determined by the maximum possible LadeVEntladeä the energy storage and their maximum usable energy content.
  • Batteries be they lead technology, NiMH or Li-Ion, have an internal resistance that leads to high energy throughputs to a warming of the batteries, which has a life-shortening effect.
  • By external cooling the effect of heating can be reduced, but with batteries a faster, lasting change between high charging and discharging and deep discharges should be avoided. This increases the risk of not being able to fully exploit the maximum power / torque of the electric motor when driving.
  • capacitor storages Due to their structure and principle of operation, capacitor storages can also tolerate fast, lasting changes between high charging and discharging powers as well as deep discharges. Their energy content is very small.
  • the invention is based on the technical problem of providing a parallel hybrid drive which allows better utilization of the maximum torque of the second electric machine without reducing the life of the energy store.
  • the first electric machine and the second electric machine operate at a different voltage level, each electric machine having its own energy store.
  • the start of the internal combustion engine by means of the first electric machine which can also apply an additional moment when driven by the internal combustion engine (boost operation) or can serve for regenerative braking energy.
  • the energy storage of the first electric machine is designed as a capacitor storage and the energy storage of the second electric machine as a battery system.
  • the brake energy recovery can be done via the second electric machine.
  • the first and second electric machine can each be operated in addition to the regenerative braking regenerative energy to load the respective associated energy storage or a motor vehicle electrical system battery.
  • the voltage level of the second electric machine is greater than that of the first electric machine in order to keep the currents in the system when driving electrically small.
  • the energy storage of the first electric machine is preferably at or equal to 96 V, more preferably at ⁇ 72 V, more preferably at ⁇ 66 V, more preferably at ⁇ 61 V and particularly preferably at ⁇ 58 V, since then the limit for the contact protection of 60 V is not exceeded.
  • the battery system is preferably at a voltage level> 140 V, more preferably> 170 V, even more preferably> 210 V, even more preferably> 280 V and most preferably> 390 V.
  • the first electric machine preferably has a peak continuous power of 8-25 kW, more preferably 10-18 kW, and still more preferably 12-15 kW at peak voltage.
  • the second electric machine preferably has a 10s continuous power of 15-100 kW, more preferably 20-70 kW, and still more preferably 30-55 kW at peak voltage. More preferably, the peak power of the second electric machine is at least 30%, more preferably 50%, even more preferably 100% and even more preferably 200% above the level of the first electric machine.
  • the first electric machine eg as a belt-driven electric motor
  • the first electric machine can also be operated at on-board voltage level with, for example, 12 V (or 14 V) and connected to a vehicle power supply battery (eg PbA).
  • the second electric machine is z. B. connected to a high-voltage battery or to a capacitor memory with a voltage ⁇ 96 V, wherein the value of the voltage represents only a preferred value.
  • the limitation of the voltage level for the first electric machine has the further advantage that in the design of the energy storage with capacitors, the required space is not too large, since individual capacitor cells have only a rated voltage of about 2.3-2.5 V.
  • the first electric machine is designed as an asynchronous machine and the second electric machine as a permanent-magnet synchronous machine.
  • a flywheel preferably a two-mass flywheel, is arranged between the first electric machine and the clutch.
  • the clutch can be very small dimensions, since the temporary peak moments of the engine are transmitted only attenuated to the clutch.
  • the separating clutch can be operated almost wear-free, since closing and opening operations are usually carried out practically free differential speed.
  • the energy store of the first and / or second electric machine is connected via a DC / DC converter to the vehicle electrical system, wherein the one or more DC / DC converters are bidirectional in order to ensure emergency starting capability. For example, if the energy storage of the first electric machine discharged, it can be charged for the starter process by the electrical system battery.
  • a controllable charging path is arranged between the energy stores of the first and second charging paths. This also makes it possible to ensure the starting capability when the energy store of the first electric machine is discharged.
  • the first electric machine is arranged on the side of the internal combustion engine opposite the output, usually thus the belt drive side.
  • the electric machine can be optionally separated via a switchable clutch of the internal combustion engine.
  • the electric machine can be integrated in the belt drive of the internal combustion engine.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a single-shaft parallel hybrid drive
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of one of the output side of
  • the parallel hybrid drive 1 comprises an internal combustion engine 2, a first electric machine 3 and a second electric machine 4, which are connected to one another via a separable coupling 5.
  • the first electric machine 3 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the internal combustion engine 2.
  • the second electric machine 4 is preferably connected axially fixed to a transmission 6, which is designed for example as a manual switch, double-clutch transmission or converter automatic transmission. In two-shaft embodiments, however, the connection is made via a coupling.
  • the first electric machine 3 is connected via a power electronics 7 with an energy storage 8, which is preferably designed as a capacitor storage.
  • the second electric machine 4 is connected via a second power electronics 9 with a second energy storage device 10, which is preferably designed as a battery system.
  • the function of the power electronics 7 and 9 is the conversion of the AC voltage of the electric machine 3, 4 in a DC voltage for charging the energy storage 8 and 10.
  • the two electric machines 3, 4 and the associated energy storage 8, 10 work at a different voltage level, wherein the voltage level of the second energy storage 10 is greater than that of the first Energy storage 8 is.
  • the second energy storage 10 is connected via a DC / DC converter 11 to the vehicle electrical system, which operates, for example, to 12 V voltage level, whereas the second energy storage 10, for example, operates at 288 V voltage level.
  • the DC / DC converter 11 can also be integrated in the power electronics 9. Since the start of the internal combustion engine 2 is preferably carried out by the electric machine 3, a sufficient state of charge of the energy accumulator 8 should be ensured.
  • the energy storage 8 can be connected to the energy storage device 10 and / or the vehicle electrical system battery, not shown.
  • the connection to the energy storage device 10 can take place via a separate charging line or separate DC / DC converter or the DC / DC converter 1 1 is formed switchable, so that it can be switched between the on-board network and energy storage 8, wherein additionally one Adjustment of the voltage level takes place, since usually the voltage level of the energy storage 8 is greater than the vehicle electrical system voltage of 12 V, for example.
  • the function of the first electric machine 3 is, in addition to the starting of the internal combustion engine 2, the application of a boost torque when the internal combustion engine 2 provides the drive power.
  • the first electric machine 3 operates by motor and the second electric machine 4 by a generator.
  • the first electric machine 3 is used for braking energy recovery when driven by the internal combustion engine 2 and then operates as a generator, whereby the first energy storage 8 is charged.
  • the second electric machine 4 is used for driving in pure electric driving and is then operated by a motor (clutch open).
  • the brake energy recovery can be done in two ways, namely regenerative operation of the second electric machine 4 and / or the first electric machine 3 (after the clutch has been closed).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a parallel hybrid drive (19) comprising an internal combustion engine (2), a first electric machine (3), which is at least motor-operated for starting the internal combustion engine (2), and a second electric machine (4), which is at least motor-operated for generating a driving torque in the drive train. According to the invention, the internal combustion engine (2) is connected to the drive train or to the second electric machine (4) via a clutch (5), an energy storage (8, 10) being associated to the first and second electric machines (3, 4), the first (3) and second electric machine (4) operating on a different voltage level and a dedicated energy storage (8, 10) being associated to each electric machine (3, 4).

Description

Beschreibung description

ParallelhybridantriebParallel hybrid drive

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Parallelhybridantrieb für Kraftfahrzeuge gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a parallel hybrid drive for motor vehicles according to the preamble of claim 1.

Parallelhybridantriebe für Kraftfahrzeuge zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass die Antriebsleistung durch eine Brennkraftmaschine und/oder eine motorisch betriebene Elektro-Maschine zur Verfügung gestellt werden kann. Dabei sind zwei Ausführungsarten zu unterscheiden, nämlich Einwellen- und Zweiwellen-Parallelhybridantriebe.Parallel hybrid drives for motor vehicles are characterized in that the drive power can be provided by an internal combustion engine and / or a motor-driven electric machine. In this case, two embodiments are to be distinguished, namely single-shaft and twin-shaft parallel hybrid drives.

Aus der DE 199 52 953 A1 ist ein Einwellen-Parallelhybridantrieb bekannt, umfassend eine Brennkraftmaschine, eine erste Elektro-Maschine, die fest mit der Brennkraftmaschine verbunden ist, und eine zweite Elektro-Maschine, die über eine Kupplung mit der Brennkraftmaschine verbunden ist. Dabei dient die erste Elektro-Maschine einerseits zum Starten der Brennkraftmaschine und zum Laden einer Batterie. Die zweite Elektro-Maschine dient zum elektromotorischen Antrieb und einer Bremsenergierückgewinnung, wobei dann im letzteren Fall ebenfalls die Batterie geladen wird.From DE 199 52 953 A1 a single-shaft parallel hybrid drive is known, comprising an internal combustion engine, a first electric machine which is fixedly connected to the internal combustion engine, and a second electric machine which is connected via a clutch to the internal combustion engine. The first electric machine serves on the one hand to start the internal combustion engine and to charge a battery. The second electric machine is used for electric motor drive and a brake energy recovery, in which case the battery is also charged in the latter case.

Aus der DE 197 09 457 A1 ist ein Zweiwellen-Parallelhybridantrieb bekannt, umfassend eine Brennkraftmaschine, eine erste Elektro-Maschine, die fest mit der Brennkraftmaschine verbunden ist, und eine zweite Elektro-Maschine, wobei die Brennkraftmaschine bzw. die erste Elektro-Maschine über eine erste Kupplung und die zweite Elektro-Maschine über eine zweite Kupplung mit einer Antriebsverbindung mit den Antriebsrädern verbindbar ist. Dabei dient die erste Elektro-Maschine vorwiegend zum Laden einer Batterie bzw. zum Zuführen von elektrischer Energie für die motorisch betriebene zweite Elektro-Maschine. Die zweite Elektro- Maschine dient zum elektromotorischen Antrieb und einer Bremsenergierückgewinnung, wobei dann im letzten Fall ebenfalls die Batterie geladen wird.From DE 197 09 457 A1 a twin-shaft parallel hybrid drive is known, comprising an internal combustion engine, a first electric machine which is fixedly connected to the internal combustion engine, and a second electric machine, wherein the internal combustion engine or the first electric machine via a first clutch and the second electric machine via a second clutch with a drive connection to the drive wheels is connectable. In this case, the first electric machine is used primarily for charging a battery or for supplying electrical energy for the second electric motor-operated machine. The second electric machine is used for electric motor drive and a brake energy recovery, then in the latter case also the battery is charged.

Gemeinsam ist beiden Ausführungsformen, dass diese jeweils auf dem gleichen Spannungsniveau arbeiten und einen gemeinsamen Energiespeicher nutzen. Aus der EP 698 12 302 T2 ist ein Fahrzeugantriebssteuerungssystem bekannt, umfassend eine Brennkraftmaschine, eine erste Elektro-Maschine und eine zweite Elektro-Maschine. Die Brennkraftmaschine ist über eine Kupplung mit der zweiten Elektro-Maschine verbindbar, die wiederum mit einem Getriebe verbunden ist. Der zweiten Elektro-Maschine ist ein Energiespeicher auf einem hohen Spannungsniveau von beispielsweise 345 V zugeordnet, über den die zweite Elektro-Maschine im motorischen Betrieb versorgt wird bzw. der im generatorischen Betrieb geladen wird. Die erste Elektro-Maschine ist mit einer Batterie verbunden, die auf einem niedrigen Spannungsniveau von beispielsweise 12 V liegt und im motorischen Betrieb die erste Elektro-Maschine mit Spannung versorgt bzw. im generatorischen Betrieb von der ersten Elektro-Maschine geladen wird. Die erste Elektro-Maschine dient im motorischen Betrieb ausschließlich zum Antrieb einer Klimaanlage.Common to both embodiments is that they each work at the same voltage level and use a common energy store. From EP 698 12 302 T2 a vehicle drive control system is known, comprising an internal combustion engine, a first electric machine and a second electric machine. The internal combustion engine can be connected via a coupling with the second electric machine, which in turn is connected to a transmission. The second electric machine is assigned an energy store at a high voltage level of, for example, 345 V, via which the second electric machine is supplied in motor operation or which is charged in regenerative operation. The first electric machine is connected to a battery which is at a low voltage level of, for example, 12 V and during motor operation the first electric machine is supplied with voltage or is charged in generator mode by the first electric machine. The first electric machine is used in engine operation exclusively to drive an air conditioner.

Die mit Elektro-Maschinen erreichbare Drehmomentunterstützung hängt nicht nur wesentlich von der Leistung und dem Drehmoment der Elektro-Maschine ab, sondern wird ebenso durch die maximal mögliche LadeVEntladeleistung des Energiespeichers sowie deren maximal nutzbaren Energieinhalt bestimmt.The achievable with electric machines torque assistance not only depends significantly on the performance and torque of the electric machine, but is also determined by the maximum possible LadeVEntladeleistung the energy storage and their maximum usable energy content.

Batterien, sei es nun Blei-Technik, NiMH oder Li-Ion, weisen einen Innenwiderstand auf, der bei hohen Energiedurchsätzen zu einer Erwärmung der Batterien führt, die lebensdauerverkürzend wirkt. Durch externe Kühlung kann der Effekt der Erwärmung gemindert werden, dennoch ist bei Batterien ein schneller, andauernder Wechsel zwischen hohen Lade- und Entladeleistungen sowie Tiefentladungen zu vermeiden. Damit steigt das Risiko, im Fahrbetrieb die maximale Leistung/das maximale Drehmoment der Elektro-Maschine nicht voll ausnutzen zu können.Batteries, be they lead technology, NiMH or Li-Ion, have an internal resistance that leads to high energy throughputs to a warming of the batteries, which has a life-shortening effect. By external cooling, the effect of heating can be reduced, but with batteries a faster, lasting change between high charging and discharging and deep discharges should be avoided. This increases the risk of not being able to fully exploit the maximum power / torque of the electric motor when driving.

Kondensatorspeicher können aufgrund ihres Aufbaus und Wirkprinzips auch schnelle, andauernde Wechsel zwischen hohen Lade- und Entladeleistungen sowie Tiefentladungen vertragen. Ihr Energieinhalt ist jedoch sehr klein.Due to their structure and principle of operation, capacitor storages can also tolerate fast, lasting changes between high charging and discharging powers as well as deep discharges. Their energy content is very small.

Der Erfindung liegt das technische Problem zugrunde, einen Parallelhybridantrieb zu schaffen, der eine bessere Ausnutzung des maximalen Drehmoments der zweiten Elektro-Maschine erlaubt, ohne die Lebensdauer des Energiespeichers zu reduzieren.The invention is based on the technical problem of providing a parallel hybrid drive which allows better utilization of the maximum torque of the second electric machine without reducing the life of the energy store.

Die Lösung des technischen Problems ergibt sich durch den Gegenstand mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. Hierzu arbeiten die erste Elektro-Maschine und die zweite Elektro-Maschine auf einem unterschiedlichen Spannungsniveau, wobei jeder Elektro-Maschine ein eigener Energiespeicher zugeordnet ist. Hierdurch wird es möglich, sowohl hinsichtlich der Art als auch der Größe der Energiespeicher diese optimal auf die jeweiligen Funktionen der ersten und zweiten Elektro- Maschine anzupassen. Vorzugsweise erfolgt der Start der Brennkraftmaschine mittels der ersten Elektro-Maschine, wobei diese bei Antrieb durch die Brennkraftmaschine auch ein zusätzliches Moment aufbringen kann (Boost-Betrieb) oder zur Bremsenergierückgewinnung dienen kann. Dabei wird vorzugsweise der Energiespeicher der ersten Elektro-Maschine als Kondensatorspeicher und der Energiespeicher der zweiten Elektro-Maschine als Batteriesystem ausgebildet. Somit können beispielsweise mittels der ersten Elektro-Maschine wesentliche Anteile der Bremsenergierückgewinnung sowie der Boostmomentunterstützung aufgenommen bzw. zugeführt werden, wenn der Antrieb über die Brennkraftmaschine erfolgt, wobei über die zweite Elektro-Maschine primär ein reines elektrisches Fahren sichergestellt wird, wobei in dieser Betriebsart auch die Bremsenergierückgewinnung über die zweite Elektro-Maschine erfolgen kann. Die erste und zweite Elektro-Maschine können jeweils neben der Bremsenergierückgewinnung auch generatorisch betrieben werden, um die jeweils zugeordneten Energiespeicher bzw. eine Kraftfahrzeugbordnetzbatterie zu laden.The solution of the technical problem results from the subject matter with the features of claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims. For this purpose, the first electric machine and the second electric machine operate at a different voltage level, each electric machine having its own energy store. This makes it possible, both in terms of the type and the size of the energy storage to adapt them optimally to the respective functions of the first and second electric machine. Preferably, the start of the internal combustion engine by means of the first electric machine, which can also apply an additional moment when driven by the internal combustion engine (boost operation) or can serve for regenerative braking energy. In this case, preferably, the energy storage of the first electric machine is designed as a capacitor storage and the energy storage of the second electric machine as a battery system. Thus, for example, by means of the first electric machine substantial portions of the brake energy recovery and the Boostmomentunterstützung be received or supplied when the drive is via the engine, via the second electric machine primarily a pure electric driving is ensured, in this mode also the brake energy recovery can be done via the second electric machine. The first and second electric machine can each be operated in addition to the regenerative braking regenerative energy to load the respective associated energy storage or a motor vehicle electrical system battery.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Spannungsniveau der zweiten Elektro- Maschine größer als das der ersten Elektro-Maschine, um die Ströme im System bei elektrischem Fahren klein zu halten. Der Energiespeicher der ersten Elektro-Maschine liegt dabei vorzugsweise bei kleiner/gleich 96 V, weiter vorzugsweise bei < 72 V, weiter vorzugsweise bei < 66 V, weiter vorzugsweise bei < 61 V und besonders vorzugsweise bei < 58 V, da dann die Grenze für den Berührungsschutz von 60 V nicht überschritten wird.In a further preferred embodiment, the voltage level of the second electric machine is greater than that of the first electric machine in order to keep the currents in the system when driving electrically small. The energy storage of the first electric machine is preferably at or equal to 96 V, more preferably at <72 V, more preferably at <66 V, more preferably at <61 V and particularly preferably at <58 V, since then the limit for the contact protection of 60 V is not exceeded.

Das Batteriesystem liegt vorzugsweise auf einem Spannungsniveau > 140 V, weiter vorzugsweise > 170 V, noch bevorzugter > 210 V, noch weiter bevorzugt > 280 V und am bevorzugtesten > 390 V.The battery system is preferably at a voltage level> 140 V, more preferably> 170 V, even more preferably> 210 V, even more preferably> 280 V and most preferably> 390 V.

Die erste Elektro-Maschine weist vorzugsweise bei Spitzenspannung eine 10s-Dauerleistung von 8-25 kW, weiter vorzugsweise 10-18 kW und noch weiter bevorzugt von 12-15 kW auf. Die zweite Elektro-Maschine weist bei Spitzenspannung bevorzugt eine 10s-Dauerleistung von 15- 100 kW, weiter vorzugsweise von 20-70 kW und noch weiter bevorzugt von 30-55 kW auf. Weiter vorzugsweise liegt die Spitzenleistung der zweiten Elektro-Maschine mindestens 30 %, weiter vorzugsweise 50 %, noch bevorzugter 100 % und noch weiter bevorzugt 200 % über dem Niveau der ersten Elektro-Maschine.The first electric machine preferably has a peak continuous power of 8-25 kW, more preferably 10-18 kW, and still more preferably 12-15 kW at peak voltage. The second electric machine preferably has a 10s continuous power of 15-100 kW, more preferably 20-70 kW, and still more preferably 30-55 kW at peak voltage. More preferably, the peak power of the second electric machine is at least 30%, more preferably 50%, even more preferably 100% and even more preferably 200% above the level of the first electric machine.

Alternativ kann die erste Elektro-Maschine (z. B. als ein riemengetriebener Elektro-Motor) auch auf Bordnetz-Spannungsniveau mit beispielsweise 12 V (bzw. 14 V) betrieben werden und an eine Bordnetzbatterie (z. B. PbA) angeschlossen sein. Die zweite Elektro-Maschine ist dabei z. B. an einer Hochvoltbatterie oder aber an einem Kondensatorspeicher mit einer Spannung ≤ 96 V angeschlossen, wobei der Wert der Spannung nur einen bevorzugten Wert darstellt.Alternatively, the first electric machine (eg as a belt-driven electric motor) can also be operated at on-board voltage level with, for example, 12 V (or 14 V) and connected to a vehicle power supply battery (eg PbA). The second electric machine is z. B. connected to a high-voltage battery or to a capacitor memory with a voltage ≤ 96 V, wherein the value of the voltage represents only a preferred value.

Die Begrenzung des Spannungsniveaus für die erste Elektro-Maschine hat den weiteren Vorteil, dass bei der Ausbildung des Energiespeichers mit Kondensatoren der benötigte Bauraum nicht zu groß wird, da einzelne Kondensatorzellen nur eine Nennspannung von ca. 2,3-2,5 V aufweisen.The limitation of the voltage level for the first electric machine has the further advantage that in the design of the energy storage with capacitors, the required space is not too large, since individual capacitor cells have only a rated voltage of about 2.3-2.5 V.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die erste Elektro-Maschine als Asynchronmaschine und die zweite Elektro-Maschine als permanenterregte Synchronmaschine ausgebildet.In a further preferred embodiment, the first electric machine is designed as an asynchronous machine and the second electric machine as a permanent-magnet synchronous machine.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist zwischen der ersten Elektro-Maschine und der Kupplung ein Schwungrad, vorzugsweise ein Zwei-Massen-Schwungrad, angeordnet. Hierdurch kann die Kupplung sehr klein dimensioniert werden, da die temporären Spitzenmomente des Verbrennungsmotors nur gedämpft auf die Kupplung übertragen werden. Des Weiteren kann unabhängig vom Schwungrad die Trennkupplung nahezu verschleißfrei betrieben werden, da Schließ- und Öffnungsvorgänge üblicherweise praktisch differenzdrehzahlfrei erfolgen.In a further preferred embodiment, a flywheel, preferably a two-mass flywheel, is arranged between the first electric machine and the clutch. As a result, the clutch can be very small dimensions, since the temporary peak moments of the engine are transmitted only attenuated to the clutch. Furthermore, independently of the flywheel, the separating clutch can be operated almost wear-free, since closing and opening operations are usually carried out practically free differential speed.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Energiespeicher der ersten und/oder zweiten Elektro-Maschine über einen DC/DC-Wandler mit dem Kraftfahrzeugbordnetz verbunden, wobei der oder die DC/DC-Wandler bidirektional ausgebildet sind, um eine Notstartfähigkeit zu gewährleisten. Ist beispielsweise der Energiespeicher der ersten Elektro- Maschine entladen, so kann dieser für den Startervorgang durch die Bordnetzbatterie aufgeladen werden. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist eine steuerbare Ladestrecke zwischen den Energiespeichern der ersten und zweiten Ladestrecke angeordnet. Auch hierdurch kann dann die Startfähigkeit bei entladenem Energiespeicher der ersten Elektro-Maschine gewährleistet werden.In a further preferred embodiment, the energy store of the first and / or second electric machine is connected via a DC / DC converter to the vehicle electrical system, wherein the one or more DC / DC converters are bidirectional in order to ensure emergency starting capability. For example, if the energy storage of the first electric machine discharged, it can be charged for the starter process by the electrical system battery. In a further preferred embodiment, a controllable charging path is arranged between the energy stores of the first and second charging paths. This also makes it possible to ensure the starting capability when the energy store of the first electric machine is discharged.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird die erste Elektro-Maschine auf der dem Abtrieb gegenüberliegenden Seite der Brennkraftmaschine, üblicherweise somit der Riemenantriebsseite, angeordnet. Die Elektro-Maschine kann optional über eine schaltbare Kupplung von der Brennkraftmaschine getrennt werden. Ebenso kann die Elektro- Maschine in den Riemenantrieb der Brennkraft-Maschine integriert sein.In a further preferred embodiment, the first electric machine is arranged on the side of the internal combustion engine opposite the output, usually thus the belt drive side. The electric machine can be optionally separated via a switchable clutch of the internal combustion engine. Likewise, the electric machine can be integrated in the belt drive of the internal combustion engine.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert. Die Figuren zeigen:The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a preferred embodiment. The figures show:

Fig. 1 ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines Einwellen-Parallelhybridantriebes undFig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a single-shaft parallel hybrid drive and

Fig. 2 ein schematisches Blockschaltbild einer der der Abtriebsseite derFig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of one of the output side of

Brennkraftmaschine gegenüberliegend angeordneten ersten Elektro-Maschine.Internal combustion engine opposite arranged first electric machine.

Der Parallelhybridantrieb 1 umfasst eine Brennkraftmaschine 2, eine erste Elektro-Maschine 3 und eine zweite Elektro-Maschine 4, die über eine trennbare Kupplung 5 miteinander verbunden sind. Die erste Elektro-Maschine 3 ist achsfest mit der Abtriebswelle der Brennkraftmaschine 2 verbunden. Die zweite Elektro-Maschine 4 ist vorzugsweise achsfest mit einem Getriebe 6 verbunden, das beispielsweise als Handschalter, Doppel-Kupplungsgetriebe oder Wandler-Automatikgetriebe ausgebildet ist. Bei Zweiwellen-Ausführungsformen erfolgt die Anbindung hingegen über eine Kupplung. Die erste Elektro-Maschine 3 ist über eine Leistungselektronik 7 mit einem Energiespeicher 8 verbunden, der vorzugsweise als Kondensatorspeicher ausgebildet ist. Die zweite Elektro-Maschine 4 ist über eine zweite Leistungselektronik 9 mit einem zweiten Energiespeicher 10 verbunden, der vorzugsweise als Batteriesystem ausgebildet ist. Die Funktion der Leistungselektronik 7 bzw. 9 ist die Wandlung der Wechselspannung der Elektro-Maschine 3, 4 in eine Gleichspannung zum Laden der Energiespeicher 8 bzw. 10. Die beiden Elektro-Maschinen 3, 4 bzw. die zugeordneten Energiespeicher 8, 10 arbeiten dabei auf einem unterschiedlichen Spannungsniveau, wobei das Spannungsniveau des zweiten Energiespeichers 10 größer als das des ersten Energiespeichers 8 ist. Des Weiteren ist der zweite Energiespeicher 10 über einen DC/DC- Wandler 11 mit dem Kraftfahrzeugbordnetz verbunden, das beispielsweise auf 12 V- Spannungsniveau arbeitet, wohingegen der zweite Energiespeicher 10 beispielsweise auf 288 V-Spannungsniveau arbeitet. Der DC/DC-Wandler 11 kann dabei auch in die Leistungselektronik 9 integriert sein. Da vorzugsweise der Start der Brennkraftmaschine 2 durch die Elektro-Maschine 3 erfolgt, soll ein ausreichender Ladezustand des Energiespeichers 8 sichergestellt werden. Hierzu kann der Energiespeicher 8 mit dem Energiespeicher 10 und/oder der nicht dargestellten Bordnetzbatterie verbunden werden. Die Verbindung mit dem Energiespeicher 10 kann dabei über eine separate Ladeleitung bzw. separate DC/DC-Wandler erfolgen oder aber der DC/DC-Wandler 1 1 wird umschaltbar ausgebildet, so dass dieser zwischen Bordnetz und Energiespeicher 8 umgeschaltet werden kann, wobei zusätzlich eine Anpassung des Spannungsniveaus erfolgt, da üblicherweise das Spannungsniveau des Energiespeichers 8 größer als die Bordnetzspannung von beispielsweise 12 V ist.The parallel hybrid drive 1 comprises an internal combustion engine 2, a first electric machine 3 and a second electric machine 4, which are connected to one another via a separable coupling 5. The first electric machine 3 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the internal combustion engine 2. The second electric machine 4 is preferably connected axially fixed to a transmission 6, which is designed for example as a manual switch, double-clutch transmission or converter automatic transmission. In two-shaft embodiments, however, the connection is made via a coupling. The first electric machine 3 is connected via a power electronics 7 with an energy storage 8, which is preferably designed as a capacitor storage. The second electric machine 4 is connected via a second power electronics 9 with a second energy storage device 10, which is preferably designed as a battery system. The function of the power electronics 7 and 9 is the conversion of the AC voltage of the electric machine 3, 4 in a DC voltage for charging the energy storage 8 and 10. The two electric machines 3, 4 and the associated energy storage 8, 10 work at a different voltage level, wherein the voltage level of the second energy storage 10 is greater than that of the first Energy storage 8 is. Furthermore, the second energy storage 10 is connected via a DC / DC converter 11 to the vehicle electrical system, which operates, for example, to 12 V voltage level, whereas the second energy storage 10, for example, operates at 288 V voltage level. The DC / DC converter 11 can also be integrated in the power electronics 9. Since the start of the internal combustion engine 2 is preferably carried out by the electric machine 3, a sufficient state of charge of the energy accumulator 8 should be ensured. For this purpose, the energy storage 8 can be connected to the energy storage device 10 and / or the vehicle electrical system battery, not shown. The connection to the energy storage device 10 can take place via a separate charging line or separate DC / DC converter or the DC / DC converter 1 1 is formed switchable, so that it can be switched between the on-board network and energy storage 8, wherein additionally one Adjustment of the voltage level takes place, since usually the voltage level of the energy storage 8 is greater than the vehicle electrical system voltage of 12 V, for example.

Die Funktion der ersten Elektro-Maschine 3 ist neben dem Starten der Brennkraftmaschine 2 auch die Aufbringung eines Boost-Moments, wenn die Brennkraftmaschine 2 die Antriebsleistung zur Verfügung stellt. In diesem Fall arbeitet die erste Elektro-Maschine 3 motorisch und die zweite Elektro-Maschine 4 generatorisch. Des Weiteren dient die erste Elektro-Maschine 3 zur Bremsenergierückgewinnung bei Antrieb durch die Brennkraftmaschine 2 und arbeitet dann generatorisch, wodurch der erste Energiespeicher 8 aufgeladen wird.The function of the first electric machine 3 is, in addition to the starting of the internal combustion engine 2, the application of a boost torque when the internal combustion engine 2 provides the drive power. In this case, the first electric machine 3 operates by motor and the second electric machine 4 by a generator. Furthermore, the first electric machine 3 is used for braking energy recovery when driven by the internal combustion engine 2 and then operates as a generator, whereby the first energy storage 8 is charged.

Die zweite Elektro-Maschine 4 dient zum Antrieb bei reinem elektrischen Fahren und wird dann motorisch betrieben (Kupplung offen). In diesem Betrieb kann die Bremsenergierückgewinnung auf zwei Arten erfolgen, nämlich generatorischer Betrieb der zweiten Elektro-Maschine 4 und/oder der ersten Elektromaschine 3 (nachdem die Kupplung geschlossen wurde). The second electric machine 4 is used for driving in pure electric driving and is then operated by a motor (clutch open). In this operation, the brake energy recovery can be done in two ways, namely regenerative operation of the second electric machine 4 and / or the first electric machine 3 (after the clutch has been closed).

Claims

Patentansprücheclaims 1 ) Parallelhybridantrieb, umfassend eine Brennkraftmaschine, eine erste Elektro-Maschine, wobei die erste Elektro-Maschine mindestens motorisch zum Starten der Brennkraftmaschine betrieben wird, und eine zweite Elektro-Maschine, die mindestens motorisch betrieben wird, um ein Antriebsmoment im Antriebsstrang zu erzeugen, wobei die Brennkraftmaschine über eine Kupplung mit dem Antriebsstrang oder der zweiten Elektro-Maschine verbunden ist, wobei der ersten und zweiten Elektro-Maschine ein Energiespeicher zugeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Elektro-Maschine (3) und die zweite Elektro-Maschine (4) auf einem unterschiedlichen Spannungsniveau arbeiten, wobei jeder Elektro-Maschine (3, 4) ein eigener Energiespeicher (8, 10) zugeordnet ist.1) parallel hybrid drive, comprising an internal combustion engine, a first electric machine, wherein the first electric machine is operated at least by engine to start the internal combustion engine, and a second electric machine which is operated at least motor to generate a drive torque in the drive train, wherein the internal combustion engine is connected via a coupling to the drive train or the second electric machine, wherein the first and second electric machine is associated with an energy store, characterized in that the first electric machine (3) and the second electric machine ( 4) operate at a different voltage level, each electric machine (3, 4) is assigned its own energy storage (8, 10). 2) Parallelhybridantrieb nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Energiespeicher (8) der ersten Elektro-Maschine (3) als Kondensatorspeicher und der Energiespeicher (10) der zweiten Elektro-Maschine (4) als Batteriesystem ausgebildet ist.2) parallel hybrid drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy store (8) of the first electric machine (3) as a capacitor storage and the energy storage (10) of the second electric machine (4) is designed as a battery system. 3) Parallelhybridantrieb nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Energiespeicher (8) der ersten Elektro-Maschine (3) als Bordnetzbatterie und der Energiespeicher (10) der zweiten Elektro-Maschine (4) als Hochvolt-Batterie oder Kondensatorspeicher ausgebildet ist.3) parallel hybrid drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the first energy storage (8) of the first electric machine (3) as a vehicle electrical system battery and the energy storage (10) of the second electric machine (4) is designed as a high-voltage battery or capacitor storage. 4) Parallelhybridantrieb nach Anspruch 1 , 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spannungsniveau der zweiten Elektro-Maschine (4) größer als das der ersten Elektro- Maschine (3) ist.4) Parallel hybrid drive according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the voltage level of the second electric machine (4) is greater than that of the first electric machine (3). 5) Parallelhybridantrieb nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Elektro-Maschine (3) als Asynchronmaschine und die zweite Elektro-Maschine als permanenterregte Synchronmaschine ausgebildet ist. 6) Parallelhybridantrieb nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Elektro-Maschine (3) als riemengetriebenes Systems ausgebildet ist.5) Parallel hybrid drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first electric machine (3) is designed as an asynchronous machine and the second electric machine as a permanent-magnet synchronous machine. 6) Parallel hybrid drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first electric machine (3) is designed as a belt-driven system. 7) Parallelhybridantrieb nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen der ersten Elektro-Maschine (3) und der Kupplung (5) ein Schwungrad angeordnet ist.7) Parallel hybrid drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the first electric machine (3) and the clutch (5), a flywheel is arranged. 8) Parallelhybridantrieb nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Energiespeicher (8, 10) der ersten Elektro-Maschine (3) und/oder der zweiten Elektro-Maschine (4) über einen DC/DC-Wandler (11) mit einem Kraftfahrzeugbordnetz verbunden ist.8) Parallel hybrid drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy store (8, 10) of the first electric machine (3) and / or the second electric machine (4) via a DC / DC converter (11) is connected to a motor vehicle electrical system. 9) Parallelhybridantrieb nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der DC/DC- Wandler (11) bidirektional ausgebildet ist.9) Parallel hybrid drive according to claim 8, characterized in that the DC / DC converter (11) is bidirectional. 10) Parallelhybridantrieb nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine steuerbare Ladestrecke zwischen den Energiespeichern (8, 10) angeordnet ist.10) Parallel hybrid drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a controllable charging path between the energy storage devices (8, 10) is arranged. 1 1) Parallelhybridantrieb nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Elektro-Maschine (3) am riemenantriebseitigen Ende der Brennkraftmaschine (2) angeordnet ist.1 1) parallel hybrid drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first electric machine (3) on the belt drive end of the internal combustion engine (2) is arranged. 12) Parallelhybridantrieb nach Anspruch 1 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Elektro-Maschine (3) über eine trennbare Kupplung (12) mit der Brennkraftmaschine (2) verbunden ist.12) Parallel hybrid drive according to claim 1 1, characterized in that the first electric machine (3) via a separable coupling (12) with the internal combustion engine (2) is connected. 13) Parallelhybridantrieb nach Anspruch 1 1 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Elektro-Maschine (3) in den Riemenantrieb der Brennkraftmaschine (2) integriert ist. 13) parallel hybrid drive according to claim 1 1 or 12, characterized in that the first electric machine (3) in the belt drive of the internal combustion engine (2) is integrated.
PCT/EP2007/003454 2006-04-21 2007-04-20 Parallel hybrid drive Ceased WO2007121929A1 (en)

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