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WO2007119130A1 - Pile à combustible - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2007119130A1
WO2007119130A1 PCT/IB2007/000720 IB2007000720W WO2007119130A1 WO 2007119130 A1 WO2007119130 A1 WO 2007119130A1 IB 2007000720 W IB2007000720 W IB 2007000720W WO 2007119130 A1 WO2007119130 A1 WO 2007119130A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cathode
catalyst
water electrolysis
fuel cell
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2007/000720
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Manabu Kato
Yuichi Orikasa
Tohru Morita
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyota Motor Corp
Original Assignee
Toyota Motor Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyota Motor Corp filed Critical Toyota Motor Corp
Publication of WO2007119130A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007119130A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/923—Compounds thereof with non-metallic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
    • H01M4/8615—Bifunctional electrodes for rechargeable cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
    • H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
    • H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/8689—Positive electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
    • H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1039—Polymeric electrolyte materials halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel cell, and more particularly concerns a fuel cell able to suppress material degradation when a cathode is exposed to a high potential state.
  • a fuel cell generates electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction in a membrane electrode assembly (hereinafter "MEA") which includes an electrolyte membrane and electrodes (i.e., an anode and a cathode) arranged on both sides of the electrolyte membrane.
  • MEA membrane electrode assembly
  • the electrical energy that is generated is then extracted from the MEA via separators arranged on both sides of the MEA.
  • PEFC polymer electrolyte fuel cells
  • PEFCs are also receiving much attention as power supplies that are ideal for electric vehicles and as mobile power supplies because they exhibit high energy-conversion efficiency, have a short startup time, and the system is small and lightweight.
  • a single cell of a PEFC includes an electrolyte membrane and an anode and a cathode. Both the anode and the cathode each have at least a catalyst layer.
  • the theoretical electromotive force of a single cell is 1.23 volts.
  • single cells are normally stacked together in series to form a stack. End plates or the like are then arranged on both ends of the stack in the stacking direction to form a stacked fuel cell that generates sufficient electromotive force for it to be used in electric vehicles and the like.
  • the electrochemical reaction which is what originally generates electricity in the PEFC, progresses in the following stages for example.
  • hydrogen delivered to the anode is broken down into hydrogen ions and electrons in the presence of a catalyst (such as platinum-supported carbon).
  • the hydrogen ions that are freed then travel to the cathode by passing through an electrolyte membrane, which conducts ions when moist. Because the electrolyte membrane only allows ions to pass through, the freed electrons, which are unable to pass through the electrolyte membrane, travel to the cathode via an external circuit. It is the movement of electrons by which the fuel cell generates electricity. Meanwhile, water is produced by the reaction of oxygen, which is delivered to the cathode, with the electrons and hydrogen ions that have traveled to the cathode.
  • the insides of the cells are in various gas states so the anode may be exposed to a high potential state.
  • the constituent material of the anode such as Pt, C, etc.
  • JP-T-2003-508877 describes mixing a water electrolysis catalyst with an electrode catalyst to prevent a carrier of an anode catalyst from eroding when there is a shortage of hydrogen.
  • the publication asserts that the resulting catalyst further increases resistance against battery reversal of a fuel cell.
  • Japanese Patent Application Publication No. JP-A-2004-22503 describes a fuel electrode of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell that includes at least one reaction layer that contacts a solid polymer electrolyte membrane and promotes the fuel cell reaction and at least one water splitting layer that contacts a diffusion layer and decomposes water in the fuel electrode using an electric current.
  • the reference asserts that the described electrode provides a fuel electrode for a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell that inhibits the decrease in the electrode characteristics even when there is a shortage of fuel.
  • the "proton-exchange membrane fuel cell" in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. JP-A-2004-22503 corresponds to the PEFC described above and the "fuel electrode" corresponds to the anode described above.
  • Japanese Patent Application Publication No. JP-A-2005-149742 describes a catalyst carrier electrode for a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell, which has a catalyst layer that contains a metal-supported catalyst, in which a catalyst metal is carried on a conductive metal oxide, in a catalyst layer where at least one side is contacting an electrolyte layer.
  • the reference asserts that the described electrode inhibits the release of the catalyst metal, and thus maintains the power generating performance of the fuel cell over an extended period, by inhibiting the carrier from eroding on both the cathode and the anode by having a metal-supported catalyst that uses a conductive metal oxide that is resistant to erosion.
  • JP-A-2005-149742 corresponds to the PEFC described above.
  • Japanese Patent Application Publication No. JP-A-2005-135671 describes an electrode that is formed of at least catalyst metal particles, a catalyst carrier, the main component of which is two or more types of carbon with different electron conductivities, and a proton conducting member.
  • the electrode includes more of the catalyst carrier having the highest electron conductivity than it does of the other catalyst carrier.
  • JP-A-2005-135671 asserts that with the described electrode the release and aggregation of catalyst metals is suppressed, and thus maintains the power generating performance of the fuel cell over an extended period, by inhibiting the erosion of the catalyst carrier in both the anode and the cathode.
  • a PEFC can be provided that is able to suppress a decrease in electrode characteristics even when there is a shortage of fuel, such as hydrogen, and the anode is in a high potential state.
  • fuel such as hydrogen
  • the inventors have for the first time found that when the fuel supply returns to normal after a shortage, the cathode side is exposed to a high potential state such that material degradation occurs on the cathode side as well. Therefore, the technologies described in Published Japanese Translation of PCT application, JP-T-2003-508877 and Japanese Patent Application Publication No.
  • JP-A-2004-22503 are unable to suppress material degradation on the cathode side. Also, while the technologies described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. JP-A-2005-149742 and Japanese Patent Application Publication No. JP-A-2005-135671 are able to suppress erosion of the carrier, an oxidation reaction of the carrier and the like occurs in the presence of water so the suppression of erosion by these technologies is insufficient.
  • the invention thus provides a fuel cell that suppresses material degradation even when a cathode is exposed to a high potential state.
  • One aspect of the invention relates to a fuel cell that includes an anode provided with a catalyst layer, a cathode provided with a catalyst layer, and an electrolyte membrane arranged between the anode and the cathode, as well as a water electrolysis catalyst provided on the cathode.
  • At the very least a catalyst that contributes to the promotion of the anode reaction is provided on the catalyst layer of the anode (hereinafter “anode catalyst layer”). Also, at the very least a catalyst, such as platinum, (hereinafter “normal catalyst”), which contributes to the promotion of the cathode reaction, is provided on the catalyst layer of the cathode (hereinafter “cathode catalyst layer”).
  • the term “water electrolysis catalyst” refers to a catalyst that promotes a water electrolysis reaction better than a normal catalyst does in a potential environment in which a water electrolysis reaction can take place.
  • the normal catalyst is platinum
  • specific examples of the water electrolysis catalyst can be Ir type material such as Ir and IrO 2 , Ru type material such as RuO 2 , or a combination of the two, for example.
  • the water electrolysis catalyst is provided on the cathode, when the cathode is in a high potential state, the water electrolysis reaction is promoted thus reducing the amount of water that may react with the constituent material of the cathode. Therefore, a fuel cell is provided that suppresses material degradation even if the cathode is exposed to a high potential state.
  • a water electrolysis layer, the catalyst layer arranged on one side of the water electrolysis layer, and a diffusion layer arranged on the other side of the water electrolysis layer may be provided on the cathode, and the water electrolysis catalyst may be provided on the water electrolysis layer.
  • catalyst layer refers to a cathode catalyst layer provided on a normal catalyst and the term “diffusion layer” refers to a layer that is provided in order to evenly diffuse a reaction gas (oxygen containing gas) to the catalyst layer (hereinafter the diffusion layer will be referred to as “cathode diffusion layer”).
  • the water electrolysis catalyst is provided on the water electrolysis layer, which is a different layer than the catalyst layer provided on the normal catalyst. Therefore, it is possible to promote the water electrolysis reaction when the cathode is exposed to a high potential state without reducing the frequency at which the cathode reaction takes place at times such as during normal operation of the fuel cell when a sufficient amount of reaction gas is being supplied to the anode and cathode. Accordingly, the invention provides a fuel cell which that suppresses material degradation when the cathode is exposed to a high potential state without adversely affecting performance during normal operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view schematically showing the structure of an example of a portion of a fuel cell according to one example embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 2 A and 2B are charts showing I- V characteristics before and after holding a cell in a high potential state according to the example embodiment and a comparative example.
  • equation (2) is an oxidation reaction of carbon in which carbon reacts with the water.
  • the carbon provided on the cathode for example, carbon carrying the catalyst or carbon constituting a cathode diffusion layer
  • equation (3) is an oxidation reaction of platinum in which platinum cations (Pt 2+ ) are dissolved in water.
  • equation (1) is an electrolysis reaction of water. If the reaction in equation (1) is preferentially promoted over the reactions in equations (2) and (3), then the electrolysis reaction of water can be preferentially promoted over the oxidation reactions of carbon and platinum so that degradation of the constituent material of the cathode can be suppressed. Moreover, if the electrolysis reaction of water is preferentially promoted, then the amount of water that reacts with the carbon in equation (2) and the water into which the Pt 2+ may be dissolved in equation (3) is reduced, which also suppresses the reactions in equations (2) and (3) and thus suppresses the degradation of the constituent member of the cathode.
  • the fuel cell according to the example embodiment of the invention has a water electrolysis catalyst provided on the cathode.
  • the water electrolysis catalyst catalyzes the electrolysis of water better than the normal catalyst in the cathode. Accordingly, the fuel cell according to the example embodiment of the invention suppresses material degradation of the cathode when the cathode is exposed to a high potential state.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view schematically showing the structure of a portion of a fuel cell according to an example embodiment of the invention.
  • the stacking direction of the cell is the left-right direction in the drawing.
  • the fuel cell 10 of the example embodiment includes an MEA 5 that includes an electrolyte membrane 1, an anode catalyst layer 2a and a cathode catalyst layer 3a; an anode diffusion layer 2b and a cathode diffusion layer 3b; and two separators 6a and 6b. More specifically, the anode catalyst layer 2a is arranged on one side of the electrolyte membrane 1 and the cathode catalyst layer 3 a is arranged the other side of the electrolyte membrane 1.
  • the anode diffusion layer 2b is then arranged on one side of the MEA 5 and the cathode diffusion layer 3b is arranged on the other side of the MEA 5. Finally, the separator 6a is then arranged on the outside of the anode diffusion layer 2b, and the separator 6b is arranged on the outside of the cathode diffusion layer 3b.
  • a water electrolysis layer 4 is arranged between the cathode catalyst layer 3a and the cathode diffusion layer 3b.
  • the anode catalyst layer 2a and the anode diffusion layer 2b form the anode 2 and the catalyst cathode layer 3a, the water electrolysis layer 4, and the cathode diffusion layer 3b form the cathode 3.
  • Reaction gas passages 7a are formed in the side of the separator 6a that is closest to the anode diffusion layer 2b, and reaction gas passages 7b are formed in the side of the separator 6b that is closest to the cathode diffusion layer 3b. Coolant passages, not shown, are also formed in the separators 6a and 6b. Also, normal catalysts of platinum-supported carbon, for example, are provided on the anode catalyst layer 2a and the cathode catalyst layer 3a, while an electrolyte component, such as NAFIONTM (a registered trademark of DuPont Corp.) and IrO 2 , which serves as a water electrolysis catalyst 4x carried on carbon, is provided on the water electrolysis layer 4.
  • NAFIONTM a registered trademark of DuPont Corp.
  • IrO 2 which serves as a water electrolysis catalyst 4x carried on carbon
  • the fuel cell 10 in this example embodiment is provided with a water electrolysis layer 4, which includes the water electrolysis catalyst 4x, on the cathode 3. Therefore, even in an environment in which a water electrolysis reaction may occur due to the cathode 3 being exposed to a high potential state during the operation of the fuel cell 10, the amount of water can be reduced by preferentially promoting the reaction in equation (1). As a result, the reactions in equations (2) and (3) are suppressed. Therefore, the fuel cell of the example embodiment suppresses degradation of the constituent material of the cathode even if the cathode is exposed to a high potential state.
  • the fuel cell 10 described above is provided with the water electrolysis catalyst 4x in the water electrolysis layer 4 and the normal catalyst in the cathode catalyst layer 3a.
  • the fuel cell of the invention is not limited to this structure, however.
  • the normal catalyst and the water electrolysis catalyst may both be provided on the cathode catalyst layer and the water electrolysis layer omitted.
  • degradation of the cathode constituent material may be suppressed by preferentially promoting the reaction in equation (1) when the cathode is exposed to a high potential state.
  • the initial performance may decline.
  • the fuel cell 10 of the example embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1 is able to suppress both a decline in initial performance and a decline in performance when the cathode is in a high potential state.
  • the structures of the MEA 5, the anode diffusion layer 2b and the cathode diffusion layer 3b are not particularly limited and may be the same as the structures used in a related PEFC.
  • the water electrolysis catalyst may be provided on the anode 2.
  • the structure provides a fuel cell that suppresses a decline in performance at times such as when there is a shortage of hydrogen and during recovery from that shortage.
  • the type or structure of the catalyst is not particularly limited.
  • suitable water electrolysis catalysts include, for example, Ir type material such as Ir and IrO 2 , Ru type material such as RuO 2 , or a combination of the two.
  • the water electrolysis layer may also be formed of only the water electrolysis catalyst.
  • the water electrolysis catalyst may be carried on a conductive substance (such as carbon).
  • IrO 2 ZC commercially available IrO 2 that is carried on carbon
  • IrO 2 ZC having a mass ratio of IrO 2 to C of 3:7 to 6:4, inclusive, may be used as the water electrolysis catalyst.
  • the surface density of the IrO 2 on the side in which the direction of cell stacking is the normal direction may be made 0.01 mg/cm 2 or more. From the perspective of performance, for example, that surface density may be made 1.0 mg/cm or less.
  • the water electrolysis layer 4 having the structure described above is provided with an electrolyte component of Nafion or the like, but the water electrolysis layer of the invention may employ alternative electrolyte components.
  • a cell according to the invention in which a water electrolysis catalyst is provided on the cathode, (hereinafter “cell of the example embodiment") and a cell in which no water electrolysis catalyst is provided on the cathode (hereinafter “cell of the comparative example”) were manufactured and the performance of each cell when the cathodes were exposed to a high potential state was examined.
  • cell of the example embodiment a water electrolysis catalyst is provided on the cathode
  • cell of the comparative example a cell in which no water electrolysis catalyst is provided on the cathode
  • An MEA was manufactured by spray coating both sides of an electrolyte membrane (such as Nafion 112) with an ink-like component that was adjusted by dispersing a normal catalyst, such as platinum-supported carbon, in an electrolyte component, such as Nafion, dissolved in a solvent, such as a mixture of water, methanol, and 2-propanol and then drying it.
  • an electrolyte membrane such as Nafion 112
  • an ink-like component that was adjusted by dispersing a normal catalyst, such as platinum-supported carbon, in an electrolyte component, such as Nafion, dissolved in a solvent, such as a mixture of water, methanol, and 2-propanol and then drying it.
  • a water electrolysis layer was formed on a cathode diffusion layer by applying an ink-like component, which was adjusted by dispersing IrO 2 ZC that was purchased on the open market in an electrolyte component that had been dissolved in a solvent, to one side of a cathode diffusion layer made of carbon paper or the like such that the content of the IrO 2 was 0.1 mg/cm 2 .
  • the cell of the example embodiment was then made by stacking an anode diffusion layer made of carbon paper or the like, the MEA, and the cathode diffusion layer and the water electrolysis layer to create a stack, and then arranging separators on both sides of the stack.
  • the cell of the comparative example is made by the same method used to make the cell of the example embodiment except that the water electrolysis layer is not formed on the cathode diffusion layer.
  • the I-V characteristics of the cell of the example embodiment before and after applying the potential were examined by supplying hydrogen gas at full humidity to the anode catalyst layer of the cell of the example embodiment and supplying nitrogen gas at full humidity to the cathode catalyst layer, maintaining the temperature of the electrolyte membrane at 80 0 C, and applying a potential from an external source such that the cathode electrode potential is 1.5 volts higher than the anode electrode potential for three minutes.
  • the I-V characteristics of the cell of the comparative example before and after applying the potential were also examined in the same manner.
  • the I-V characteristics of the cell of the example embodiment are shown in FIG. 2A and the I-V characteristics of the cell of the comparative example are shown in FIG. 2B.
  • the vertical axis represents the cell voltage (V), and the horizontal axis represents the current density (A/cm 2 ). Also, “BEFORE” indicates the I-V characteristics before the potential was applied and “AFTER” indicates the I-V characteristics after the potential was applied.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

Pile à combustible (10) comprenant une anode (2) et une cathode (3), toutes deux munies d'une couche de catalyseur (2a, 3a), ainsi qu'une membrane à électrolyte (1) disposée entre l'anode (2) et la cathode (3). Un catalyseur pour l'électrolyse de l'eau (4x) est fourni sur la cathode (3). La dégradation matérielle peut être supprimée même lorsque la cathode (3) est exposée à un potentiel élevé.
PCT/IB2007/000720 2006-04-14 2007-03-22 Pile à combustible Ceased WO2007119130A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2006011827 2006-04-14
JP2006-11827 2006-04-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007119130A1 true WO2007119130A1 (fr) 2007-10-25

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010025118A1 (fr) * 2008-08-25 2010-03-04 3M Innovative Properties Company Nanocatalyseur de pile à combustible avec tolérance à l’inversion de tension
WO2011021034A1 (fr) * 2009-08-20 2011-02-24 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Couche de catalyseur
JP2014013742A (ja) * 2012-07-03 2014-01-23 Hyundai Motor Company Co Ltd 燃料電池用アノードの製造方法
US10833343B2 (en) 2017-01-26 2020-11-10 Typher Yom Air-water concentration cell
EP2475034B1 (fr) 2010-12-23 2020-11-25 Greenerity GmbH Ensembles électrode-membrane pour piles à combustible pem
US11489186B2 (en) 2017-01-26 2022-11-01 Typher Yom Air-water concentration cell

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WO2003032418A2 (fr) * 2001-10-10 2003-04-17 Lynntech Inc. Electrode catalytique bifonctionnelle
US20040126644A1 (en) * 2002-12-30 2004-07-01 Bett John A. S. Fuel cell having a corrosion resistant and protected cathode catalyst layer
US6936370B1 (en) * 1999-08-23 2005-08-30 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Solid polymer fuel cell with improved voltage reversal tolerance

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WO2010025118A1 (fr) * 2008-08-25 2010-03-04 3M Innovative Properties Company Nanocatalyseur de pile à combustible avec tolérance à l’inversion de tension
US8637193B2 (en) 2008-08-25 2014-01-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Fuel cell nanocatalyst with voltage reversal tolerance
WO2011021034A1 (fr) * 2009-08-20 2011-02-24 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Couche de catalyseur
EP3547426A1 (fr) * 2009-08-20 2019-10-02 Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells Limited Couche de catalyseur
EP2475034B1 (fr) 2010-12-23 2020-11-25 Greenerity GmbH Ensembles électrode-membrane pour piles à combustible pem
JP2014013742A (ja) * 2012-07-03 2014-01-23 Hyundai Motor Company Co Ltd 燃料電池用アノードの製造方法
US10833343B2 (en) 2017-01-26 2020-11-10 Typher Yom Air-water concentration cell
US11489186B2 (en) 2017-01-26 2022-11-01 Typher Yom Air-water concentration cell

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