WO2007111526A1 - Processing line for grinding materials in particular waste tires - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to equipment for grinding different type materials, mainly for recycling waste, defective or discarded during production car tires and rubber-containing production wastes etc into a reusable material. The aim of said invention is to increase the efficiency of grinding of industrial rubber articles. The inventive processing line comprises the following units positioned in a processing sequence: a conveyor (7), a material radially cutting machine (8), a mechanism (9) for arranging split parts into a strip, a mechanism (2) for forcedly supplying material to a grinding area, a disintegrator (4) provided with a cylindrical working tool (5) which is horizontally positioned therein, a sorter (6) embodied in the form of an inclined wire-mesh filter and a ventilation system which is used for cooling the tool and removing a ground product and is provided with discharging air ducts (15) a fan (16) and a magnetic separator (17). The lower part of a supporting table (3) is embodied in such a way that it is equidistant to the tool (5) and is provided with horizontal channels embodied through the entire width thereof. Said line is also provided with a supply air duct (20) connecting the grinding area to atmosphere.

Description

 LINE OF GRINDING MATERIALS, PREFERREDLY Worn-out TIRES

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the field of processing of secondary raw materials, and more particularly to equipment for grinding it, and is intended primarily for the processing of worn, damaged or rejected tires in the manufacture of tires, rubber products, etc. to obtain material suitable for reuse.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Rubber products that have been used up for their life make up a significant share of human polluting products. The most acute problem is the disposal of worn tires, especially large ones, only a small part of which are recycled, as a result of which a huge number of them accumulate in landfills.

The simplest example of the recycling of rubber products is their incineration, which is widely used especially in relation to worn tires. However, such disposal will significantly pollute the environment.

Processing rubber products and obtaining rubber crumbs from them by known methods includes, as a rule, the following basic operations: cutting products into pieces, grinding, separating reinforcing metal and textile elements from rubber, further grinding of rubber crumb and its separation from small residues of reinforcing elements. For the implementation of grinding, cutting equipment, roll machines, rotary knife crushers, mills and traders are used. As a rule, magnetic separators are used to separate metal cord from rubber.

It is known to use a cryogenic technique for transferring rubber to an embrittled state by cooling to a glass transition temperature and subsequent grinding (RF patent JN ° 9185 for the utility model “Installations for processing tires)); RF application N ° 93008432 for the invention "Device for cryogenic processing of polymeric material)); RF application N ° 93004316 for the invention of a "Device for grinding worn tires"; RF application N ° 92008730 for the invention “Device for grinding materials at low temperatures)); RF application N ° 2001128875 for the invention “Utility rubber processing line))).

A common drawback of cryogenic processing plants is the high energy costs associated with the need to achieve and maintain low temperatures in the working chamber, including during mechanical crushing of the product into fragments. In addition, the entire process of grinding rubber at low temperature requires the use of a unique technique that can work in such conditions, thermal insulation of the entire complex, isolation of chilled chips from atmospheric air and the solution of a number of complex technical problems. Also known installation for grinding rubber materials by mechanical destruction. So, for example, the known line for processing worn tire tires (RF patent N ° 2140357), including a machine for cutting tires into pieces, hammer mill, fine grinder, cord remover and classifier for fractionation of pieces of rubber and crumbs.

A known production line for processing worn tires, including a bead cutter for preliminary removal of bead rings from tires, a machine for cutting tires into pieces, a hammer mill, a fine grinder, devices for removing cord and a classifier for fractioning pieces of rubber and crumbs (RF patent N2043924).

A disadvantage of the known production lines is the low reliability of its operation and the inefficient operation of equipment for energy consumption due to the use of a hammer crusher in the line, which places high demands on the modes of material supply. In addition, the low quality of the final product — rubber crumb, in which there are elements of textile and metal cords, multi-stage processing, and a large spread in the resulting fractions — are among the significant disadvantages. A known tire recycling line, comprising a machine for pre-grinding tires connected by transport devices, equipped with textile cord suction systems, a machine for producing large rubber crumbs and a machine for producing fine crumbs, between which a magnetic device is installed above the transport device (RF patent N ° 2145541). The suction system is an exhaust ventilation system made in the form of sequentially installed dust fan, cyclone and textile cord separation filter.

The disadvantages of the known line is the low reliability and low quality of the commercial product. Also known is the recycling line for used tires (RF patent

N ° 2172243), comprising a tire grinding machine connected by transport devices, equipped with textile cord suction systems, a machine for producing large rubber crumbs and a machine for producing fine crumbs, between which a magnetic device is mounted above the transport device. The line is additionally equipped with a machine for radial cutting of tires and an additional machine for highlighting the metal part of the side ring. The latter are connected by transport devices with a machine for grinding tires. The line is equipped with an additional magnetic device installed above the transport device after the machine to obtain fine crumbs. The line is equipped with additional installations for separating textile cord, installed after the magnetic separators. The textile cord suction system is made in the form of a forced ventilation system.

A common drawback of mechanical methods for processing rubber products is the release of large quantities of environmentally harmful volatile products from rubber, which is heated by mechanical grinding. In addition, mechanical methods are characterized by significant energy consumption and do not allow efficient processing of rubber products, reinforced with metal, for example, tires with metal cord, and receive high-quality secondary raw materials - rubber crumb.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed invention, i.e. the prototype is an installation for the disintegration of materials (RF patent N ° 44581 for the utility model “Installations for the disintegration of materials)), publication 2005). The known installation is equipped with a system of preliminary preparation of the processed material, a system of forced supply of the processed material, a fan cooling system for the working area and the processing tool, and a system for removal and separation of disintegration products. The installation also contains a percussion processing tool connected to the drive, the impact of which on the material being processed is organized in the form of a shock wave with a high impact, incl. ultrasonic, frequency. The system of preliminary preparation of the processed material is made in the form of a die mounted on a fixed support, which is a table, the shape and profile of which is selected from the condition of organizing it by the side faces of the unloading waves. The forced feed system of the processed material is made in the form of a set of rotating rolls feeding the processed material to the die, the outlet of which is located with a minimum clearance relative to the processing tool. The system for removal and separation of disintegration products contains a fan, a cooler and a magnetic separator.

A disadvantage of the known installation is that the design of the cutting tool percussion with a set of working parts that do not have air gaps between them, does not allow to increase the dispersion of the processed material, which reduces the efficiency of material processing. In addition, the system of preliminary preparation of material for grinding, made in the form of a die, does not allow to increase its uniformity, and the presence of only a fan cooling system does not provide sufficient air flow to the working area and the processing tool, which negatively affects the processing productivity, leads to worsening conditions cooling the tool, to reduce its durability. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is aimed at eliminating the above disadvantages, namely, to increase the grinding efficiency of rubber products by improving tool cooling, which allows to increase processing performance, and to increase the uniformity and dispersion of the obtained crushed material.

To solve the problem in the grinding line of materials, mainly used tires, containing a preliminary material preparation system located in the technological sequence, a mechanism for forcing it into the grinding zone, a support table, a disintegrator with a cylindrical working tool horizontally installed in it, and a ventilation system for cooling the tool and evacuation grinding products having evacuation ducts, a fan and a magnetic separator, according to the claimed The utility model line is additionally equipped with a classifier installed in the process chain after disintegrator and made in the form of an inclined strainer.

Other differences of the claimed line is that the working surface of the supporting table is located in a horizontal plane coinciding with the axis of the working tool of the disintegrator, and the lower part of the table facing the tool is made equidistant to the tool with a radius greater than the radius of the tool by 2-5 mm and has a vertical the plane is an arc shape limited by an angle of 45-90 °, and in the said equidistant part of the table, horizontal channels for air are made along its entire width.

Additional differences of the present invention from the prototype are that the preliminary material preparation system comprises a conveyor installed in series, a machine for radially cutting the material and a mechanism for spreading the cut parts into the belt, and the mechanism for forcing the material into the grinding zone is made in the form of sequentially placed in a horizontal plane, at least two lower and two upper drive rolls, the upper rolls being vertically movable, p In this case, the working surface of all rolls is corrugated.

The following differences of the claimed design are that the disintegrator tool is made in the form of a set of disk cutters installed coaxially with an air gap between them, the working part of each of which has a corrugated surface, while the flutes of each cutter are located relative to the grooves of adjacent milling cutters in a checkerboard pattern, and the cutting edge of each groove is lenticular in shape.

In addition, the line is equipped with an additional supply air duct connecting the grinding zone with the atmosphere and is equipped with a removable hopper installed in the lower part of the classifier.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed invention is characterized by the presence of new elements, their relative position, relationships between each other and the form of execution of the elements.

A patent search showed that currently there is no known line for grinding materials, mainly worn tires, which has the same set of essential features as the proposed one. The implementation of the preliminary material preparation system in the form of a conveyor installed in series, a machine for radially cutting material and a mechanism for expanding the cut parts into a tape, and supplying the line with a classifier installed in the process chain after the disintegrator and made in the form of an inclined screen, will allow cutting and straightening before grinding cut parts into a tape, separating the crushed parts by size in the classifier and removing crumbs of material, leaving them beyond the required size, which are deposited in a removable bunker installed at the bottom of the classifier, which will, in turn, improve the uniformity of crumb rubber. The supply of the inventive material grinding line with an additional supply air duct connecting the upper and lower grinding zones with the atmosphere, the implementation of the disintegrator tool in the form of a set of disk cutters having a grooved working surface and installed with an air gap between them, and the execution of the lower part of the support table in equidistant tools will allow for additional air flow through the duct, which allows for the processing of a greater amount of material per unit time, which will entail battle increased productivity line processing of the material, improving dispersion of the rubber crumb produced.

The location of the grooves of each cutter of the working tool of the disintegrator relative to the grooves of the neighboring cutters in a checkerboard pattern will reduce the load on the drive of the tool by reducing dynamic impact, which will increase the tool life, which means the efficiency of the grinding line.

The implementation of the cutting edge of the lentil-shaped tool is selected empirically and allows for more uniform grinding of the material, which increases its uniformity. In addition, the implementation of the working part of the corrugated disk milling cutters improves the cooling conditions of the tool, preventing its lubrication from a rubber product as a result of exposure to high temperatures arising in the grinding zone, which, ultimately, will increase the productivity of the tool. The execution of the lower part of the table is equidistant to the tool with a radius 2-5 mm greater than the radius of the tool, and in the form of an arc limited by an angle of 45-90 °, provides optimal conditions for the flow of air to the tool, and hence its cooling. If you go beyond these limits, the amount of air flow decreases.

The installation of the upper rolls with the possibility of vertical movement allows you to adjust the gap between the corresponding lower and upper rolls, reducing it in the direction of movement of the material, which will ensure reliable fixing of the crushed material.

Thus, all of the above combined distinctive features from the prototype signs will increase, ultimately, the efficiency of grinding material, including worn-out car tires.

The above proves that the combination of features distinctive from the prototype provides the possibility of using the claimed technical solution for the processing of worn, damaged or rejected in the manufacture of car tires, waste rubber products to obtain material suitable for reuse, for example in road construction, in the manufacture of various structural, heat-insulating and anti-corrosion materials, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention is illustrated by drawings, in which Fig. L shows a schematic line for grinding material; in Fig.2 - view A in Fig.l (support table with a disintegrator). BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The structural embodiment of the claimed invention will be examined with a specific example.

The inventive material grinding line, intended primarily for the processing of used tires, contains a preliminary material preparation system 1, a mechanism 2 for forcing it into the grinding zone, a support table 3, a disintegrator 4 (Polytechnical Dictionary, ed. “Soviet Encyclopedia)), M., 1980, p.140) with a cylindrical working tool 5 horizontally installed in it, classifier 6 (Polytechnical Dictionary, ed. “Soviet Encyclopedia)), M., 1980, p.223) and ventilation th tool cooling system and evacuation of grinding products. The system of preliminary preparation of material for processing contains installed in series and connected by a vehicle, for example a conveyor 7, a machine 8 for radial cutting of tires, for example a bevel cutter (see, for example, RF patents N22051034, N ° 2044649; US patent N ° 3701296; German patent Ns2629115 and others) and the mechanism 9 for expanding the cut parts into a tape (see, for example, Polytechnical Dictionary, ed. "Soviet Encyclopedia)), M., 1980, p. 414).

The mechanism 2 for the forced feeding of the material to be processed into the grinding zone is made in the form of at least two fixed lower 10 rolls installed in series in a horizontal plane and located opposite them at least two upper 11 leading rolls, having the possibility of vertical movement, for example, spring-loaded springs 12.

Such a structural embodiment of the forced feeding mechanism 2 allows to provide an adjustable gap between the corresponding upper and lower rolls, decreasing along the movement of the material towards the grinding zone. All rolls

10 and 11 have a corrugated work surface.

The support table 3 has a working surface located in a horizontal plane coinciding with the axis of the working tool 5 of the disintegrator 4. The lower part of the support table 3 facing the tool 5 is made equidistant to the tool, has an arc shape in the vertical plane bounded by a central angle α = 45-90 ^° with a radius "R" exceeding the radius "g" of the tool by 2-5 mm. In said lower part of the support table 3, along its entire width, horizontal channels 13 are provided for air passage.

The working tool 5 of the disintegrator 4 is made in the form of a set of disk cutters having a corrugated working surface and installed with an air gap between them. The working part of each disk mill has a corrugated surface. The flutes of each mill of the working tool of the disintegrator are located relative to the flutes of the neighboring cutters in a checkerboard pattern and have a lenticular shape of the cutting edge.

The classifier b is made in the form of a strainer inclined to the air flow, in the lower part of which a removable hopper 14 is installed.

The ventilation system for cooling the tool and the evacuation of grinding products is made in the form of a forced-air exhaust system containing evacuation ducts 15, connecting fan 16, classifier 6 and magnetic separator 17 (Polytechnical Dictionary, ed. “Soviet Encyclopedia)), M., 1980, p. 471), filters 18 separating the selected components of recycled tires and bins 19 for collecting metal waste and crushed rubber crumb (disintegrate). The grinding zone (disintegrator 4) is equipped with an additional supply air duct 20, which communicates the upper and lower parts of the zone with the atmosphere. The line for grinding worn tires works as follows.

Worn tires to be processed by a loader (not shown in the drawing) are stacked on a conveyor 7, which feeds them to a radial cutting machine 8, where the tire is divided into pieces in the form of strips, together with metal cord, coming into the mechanism 9, where they are straightened into a tape. The straightened strips are fed into an adjustable gap between the upper H and the lower 10 rolls of the forced material feeding mechanism 2, which is preliminarily adjusted by a certain amount due to the movement of the upper 11 rolls in a vertical plane, and this gap decreases along the movement of the material to the grinding zone, resulting in stable clamping of the tire strip between the rollers.

The cut strips are picked up by the corrugated working surfaces of the rolls 10 and 11 and then fed to the support table 3 and to the disintegrator 4. Passing through the disintegrator, the tire strips are crushed by disk cutters 5 together with metal cord into crumbs and picked up by the air flow created by a fan 16 and coming through an additional supply air duct 20 connected to the atmosphere.

Carried away by the vacuum created by the fan 16, the mixture of air with the products of grinding the tire (rubber), passing through the evacuation duct 15, enters the classifier 6, where the fractionation of rubber and crumbs by size occurs, while large pieces are separated, crumbling under the influence of their own weight from the inclined strainer into a removable hopper 14. Next, the mixture of air and rubber crumb enters the magnetic separator 17, in which the particles of metal oxide are separated from the stream of fine rubber crumb from the last by feeding them to separate bins 19.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The inventive line allows to increase the grinding efficiency of rubber products, including worn tires, allows to process the tire completely, including both the tread part and the bead. The line has high productivity due to improved cooling of the working tool and the grinding grinding zone.

Claims

Claim 1. A line for grinding materials, mainly used tires, containing a preliminary material preparation system located in the technological sequence, a mechanism for forcing it into the grinding zone, a support table, a disintegrator with a cylindrical working tool horizontally installed in it, and a ventilation system for cooling the tool and evacuation of grinding products, having evacuation ducts, a fan and a magnetic separator, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a class an identifier installed in the technological chain after the disintegrator and made in the form of an inclined mesh filter, and an additional supply air duct connecting the grinding zone to the atmosphere, and the material preliminary preparation system contains a conveyor installed in series, a machine for radial cutting of material and a mechanism for straightening the cut parts into a tape, while the tool of the disintegrator is made in the form of a set of disk cutters having a corrugated working surface and installed with air the gap between them, the working surface of the support table is located in a horizontal plane coinciding with the axis of the disintegrator tool, and the lower part of the table facing the tool is made equidistant to the tool with a radius 2-5 mm greater than the radius of the tool and has an arc shape in the vertical plane, a limited angle of 45-90 °, and in the said equidistant part of the table along its entire width there are horizontal channels for air, and the grooves of each mill of the working tool of the disintegrator are located relative to the flutes of adjacent milling cutters in a checkerboard pattern and have a lenticular shape of the cutting edge. 2. The line according to claim I _5, characterized in that the mechanism for forcing the material into the grinding zone is made in the form of at least two lower and two upper drive rolls arranged sequentially in the horizontal plane, while the upper rolls have the possibility of vertical movement. 3. The line according to claim 2, characterized in that the working surface of all the rolls is made corrugated. 4. The line according to p. I ₅ characterized in that it is equipped with a removable hopper installed in the lower part of the classifier.