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WO2007109976A1 - A process for recycling ni and co from nickel oxide ore or nickel silicate ore - Google Patents

A process for recycling ni and co from nickel oxide ore or nickel silicate ore Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007109976A1
WO2007109976A1 PCT/CN2007/000783 CN2007000783W WO2007109976A1 WO 2007109976 A1 WO2007109976 A1 WO 2007109976A1 CN 2007000783 W CN2007000783 W CN 2007000783W WO 2007109976 A1 WO2007109976 A1 WO 2007109976A1
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Prior art keywords
nickel
ore
cobalt
silicate
grade
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PCT/CN2007/000783
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Yu Zhang
Xiaoming Cheng
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/005—Preliminary treatment of ores, e.g. by roasting or by the Krupp-Renn process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
    • C22B1/244—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic
    • C22B1/245—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic with carbonaceous material for the production of coked agglomerates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
    • C22B23/021—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes by reduction in solid state, e.g. by segregation processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for recovering nickel or cobalt from nickel oxide or nickel silicate ore. It belongs to the field of mineral processing engineering. Background technique
  • nickel Due to the excellent properties of nickel metal, nickel has become an indispensable raw material for the defense industry and the civil industry, and it has an extremely important position and role in the national economy.
  • nickel deposits There are three types of nickel deposits known in the world: copper-nickel sulfide deposits, nickel oxide deposits, and weathering shell nickel silicate deposits.
  • the nickel oxide deposit is a loose clay-like ore composed of hydrated leaching of nickel-containing olivine in the tropical or subtropical region through large-scale long-term weathering leaching. Due to the oxidation of iron, the ore is red, so it is called laterite ore. Laterite ore and nickel silicate deposits account for three-quarters of the world's reserves, but currently nickel is mainly smelted from nickel sulphide ore, accounting for about 60%.
  • nickel silicate mine The main reason is the extraction of nickel from nickel sulphide ore, the use of simple and economical mechanical beneficiation methods, and the nickel oxide ore.
  • the smelting technology of nickel silicate mine has not yet passed, and it is impossible to sort nickel oxide ore by conventional beneficiation methods, especially Nickel silicate mine is difficult to use.
  • China's second largest nickel ore Yuanjiang nickel mine is a nickel silicate mine. The reserves have been surveyed and cleared to about 540,000 tons. Since the Soviet Union helped us build in the 1950s, it has been nearly 60 years old, but it has not been very good so far. Development.
  • China's nickel resources had less than 7 million tons of reserves (metals), and under the existing mining technology conditions, the available for mining was even lower.
  • China's nickel ore is dominated by poor ore, and is concentrated in a few provinces and autonomous regions.
  • the Jinchuan mining area in Gansu is the largest copper-copper-nickel deposit in the country, accounting for 70% of the national reserves; the second is Xinjiang, the nickel metal reserves are around 860,000 tons; the third place is Jinping and Yuanjiang in Yunnan.
  • the reserves of nickel ore are less than 700,000 tons, while the Yuanjiang nickel ore is a nickel silicate mine.
  • the Jianchaling in Shaanxi ranks four, and the reserves of nickel-gold ore are around 200,000 tons. However, it is mainly lean ore, and the rich ore with a grade above 1% is less than 40,1.
  • Sichuan's Zhouba nickel mine mining, indiscriminate mining
  • molybdenum-nickel mine near Zunyi
  • Guizhou Fanjingshan copper-nickel-nickel mine
  • nickel mines in Guangxi North Guangxi area the degree of investigation is very low and it is difficult to calculate reserves. With the deepening of exploration work, it is possible to find nickel oxide ore resources with large reserves and good quality.
  • the known basic treatment methods for nickel oxide ore and nickel silicate are as follows: nickel iron smelting, sulfur smelting, reduction roasting, ammonia leaching, and high pressure sulfuric acid leaching.
  • the factories that use ferronickel smelting mainly include French Nickel's New Caledonian Donanbo Smelter, Columbia's Cerro Tossa Plant, and Sumitomo Corporation's Hachino Smelter.
  • the product produced has a nickel mass fraction of 20 to 30% and a nickel recovery of 90 to 95%. Cobalt cannot be recovered.
  • the process firstly breaks the ore to 50 ⁇ 150mm, then sends it to the drying kiln to dry until the ore is neither bonded nor pulverized, and then sent to the calcined rotary kiln, at 700 ° C, drying, preheating and calcining to produce calcined sand.
  • the nickel-sulphur smelting production process is to add sulphur to produce low-nickel sulphur in the 1500 ⁇ 1600 °C smelting process for producing ferronickel smelting process, and then to produce high-nickel sulphur by converter blowing.
  • the main factories producing high-nickel sulphur are France Nickel's New Caledonian Donibo smelter, Sulawesi, Indonesia, and Thoreau Ak Smelter.
  • High nickel sulfur products generally have a nickel mass fraction of 79% and a sulfur mass fraction of 19.5%.
  • the full process nickel recovery rate is about 70%.
  • the reduction roasting ammonia leaching process is to dry and grind the laterite ore, and to reduce and calcine at a temperature of 600 to 700 ° C to reduce nickel, cobalt and part of iron to an alloy, and then to carry out a countercurrent ammonia leaching of 4 stages, using nickel and cobalt.
  • Ammonia forms a property of the complex, and a valuable metal such as nickel or cobalt enters the leachate.
  • the leaching solution is sulfided and precipitated, and the mother liquor is precipitated to remove iron and ammonia to produce basic nickel sulphate.
  • the basic nickel sulphate is then calcined to form nickel oxide, and the nickel powder can also be produced by reduction.
  • the high-pressure acid leaching process dissolves valuable metals such as nickel and cobalt with iron and aluminum minerals with dilute sulfuric acid at a temperature of 250 to 270 ° C and a temperature of 4 to 5 MPa.
  • a certain pH is controlled.
  • Conditions such as iron, aluminum and silicon are hydrolyzed into the slag, and nickel and cobalt are selectively introduced into the solution.
  • the leachate is neutralized and precipitated with hydrogen sulfide to produce high quality nickel-cobalt sulfide.
  • Nickel cobalt sulfide Produce the final product through a traditional refining process.
  • the earliest pressurized acid leaching smelter was the Mao's smelting plant in Cuba.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for recovering valuable minerals such as nickel and cobalt from nickel oxide ore and nickel silicate ore.
  • the material is treated by chlorination and roasting-magnetic separation process, and the nickel grade is 5 ⁇ 15%, the recovery is 80 ⁇ 85%; the cobalt grade is 0.3 ⁇ 1.7%. , recovery rate of 70 ⁇ 80% nickel-cobalt mixed concentrate.
  • Raw ore treatment The raw ore nickel oxide or nickel silicate mine is ground to -200 mesh to 80-90wt%, and the coke powder is added to the ore weight of 5 ⁇ 15% (to ensure the weak reduction in the next separation roasting furnace) Atmosphere), 10 ⁇ 30 chlorinating agent, 0.1 ⁇ 1.0% auxiliary agent, made into pellets with a particle size of 5 ⁇ 15mm, then dried, dried to a water content of ⁇ 5 ⁇ 10wt%, the chlorinating agent includes sodium chloride (NaCl) or calcium chloride (C a Cl 2) one kind of said adjuvant comprises copper chloride (CuCl), ammonium chloride (NH 4 C1), P551, MOP, dimethylsulfide One or more of the copper carbamic acid, the adjusted coke powder ratio is used to ensure the weak reduction atmosphere in the next roasting treatment furnace,
  • Separation roasting treatment After drying, the pellets enter the separation rotary kiln for roasting.
  • the pulverized coal is used to provide the required heat, and the counter-flow roasting method is adopted. The direction of addition is reversed.
  • the temperature of the high temperature zone of the control rotary kiln is 1000 ⁇ 1300°C
  • the temperature of the kiln tail is 400 ⁇ 600°C
  • the rotation speed of the rotary kiln is 0.75 ⁇ 2 rev/min
  • the residence time of the material in the furnace is 1 ⁇ 2 hours.
  • Magnetic separation treatment After the water quenching, the isolated product is crushed and ground to -200 mesh accounted for 75 ⁇ 95wt%, and then entered into a magnetic separator with a magnetic field strength of 1500 ⁇ 3000 Gauss. When the ore grade is 0.8 ⁇ 2%, When the cobalt grade is 0.08 ⁇ 0.15%, the nickel grade is 5 ⁇ 15% and the recovery is 80 ⁇ 85% after the separation and roasting. The cobalt grade is 0.3 ⁇ 1.7%, and the recovery is 70 ⁇ 80% nickel. Cobalt mixed concentrate;
  • the present invention recovers valuable metals such as nickel and cobalt in a more comprehensive manner, and has good economic benefits.
  • FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention. detailed description
  • Example 1 Yuanjiang nickel silicate ore, the ore contains 1.2% nickel, the cobalt grade is 0.08 ⁇ 0.1%, the ore is broken to -3mm-Omm, and then polished with Raymond to -200 mesh, 80 ⁇ 90wt%, The coke powder with a particle size of -3mm - 0mm is 12.5wt%, the chlorinating agent CaCl 2 is 25wt%, and the auxiliary agent MOP is 0.5%.
  • Example 2 Philippine laterite nickel ore.
  • the ore sample is taken from the Philippines.
  • the ore contains 1.28% nickel and 0.041% cobalt.
  • the ore is crushed to -3 mm - 0 mm, and then ground with Raymond to -200 mesh to account for 80 to 90 wt%, and coke powder having a particle size of -3 mm to 0 mm is added to 10 wt%/.
  • chlorinating agent (NaC 1) 30 wt%, auxiliary (copper dimethyl thiocarbamate) 0.6wt% mixed ball, particle size 5-100mm, dry in air to moisture ⁇ 3 ⁇ 5% , adding high temperature zone temperature of 1000 ⁇ 1200 °C, kiln tail temperature of 400 ⁇ 500 °C in the isolation rotary kiln, roasting, rotary kiln rotation speed of 1 rev / min, roasting time 1.5 ⁇ 2 hours, roasting fuel for pulverized coal, The roasting method is countercurrent roasting, the calcined product is discharged into the pool and quenched, and the water quenched product is mined. After crushing and grinding, the fineness of grinding is -200 mesh and 90% by weight.
  • the magnetic product is nickel-cobalt mixed concentrate, mixed concentrate.
  • the nickel grade was 6.44%, the recovery was 82.03%, the cobalt grade was 0.19%, and the recovery was 71.14%.
  • Example 3 Hanyuan cobalt-nickel ore, the ore contains 0.14% nickel and 0.25% cobalt. The ore is crushed to -3mm ⁇ 0mm, and then rubbed with Raymond to -200 mesh to occupy 80 ⁇ 90wt%, and the coke powder with a particle size of -3mm ⁇ 0mm is added with 5wt%, chlorinating agent (CaCl 2 ) 23wt%, and auxiliary agent.
  • chlorinating agent CaCl 2
  • the refined nickel grade is 0.72%, the recovery rate is 4.67%, the cobalt grade is 1.12%, and the recovery rate is 4.07°/.
  • the total recovery of cobalt is 70.1%, and the total recovery of nickel is 71.29%.

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Description

从氧化镍矿或硅酸镍矿回收镍和钴的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种从氧化镍、硅酸镍矿中回收镍、钴的方法。属矿物加工工 程领域。 背景技术
由于镍金属的优异性能， 使镍已成为国防工业和民用工业不可缺少的原 料，在国民经济中具有极其重要的地位和作用。世界上已知的镍矿床有三种类 型： 即铜镍硫化矿床、氧化镍矿床及风化壳硅酸镍矿床。氧化镍矿床是含镍橄 榄岩在热带或亚热带地区经过大规模的长期的风化淋滤变质而成的， 是由铁、 铝、 硅等含水氧化物组成的疏松的粘土状矿石。 由于铁的氧化， 矿石呈红色， 所以被称为红土矿。红土矿和硅酸镍矿床占目前世界储量的四分之三，但是目 前镍金属主要由硫化镍矿冶炼而成，约占 60%。主要原因是从硫化镍矿中提取 镍， 可以使用简单、 经济的机械选矿方法， 而氧化镍矿. 硅酸镍矿的选冶技术 尚未过关，无法用常规选矿方法分选氧化镍矿，尤其是硅酸镍矿，利用难度大。 我国的第二大镍矿元江镍矿属硅酸镍矿， 已勘査清储量为 54万吨左右， 从 50 年代苏联帮助我们建设至今已有近 60年的历史， 但至今未能很好的开发。
在当前镍市场需求强劲的情况下，世界镍生产商和投资商纷纷看好在一些 氧化镍矿资源丰富的国家发展和增加镍的生产来满足镍市场的需求。例如氧化 镍矿贮量最大的古巴， 近几年一直在进行火法处理 Saprolite矿的招商引资工 作， 以增加 3〜5万 t镍的年生产能力。 氧化镍矿资源质量最好 (含镍品最高) 的国家新喀里多尼亚，世界几个大的镍生产商都在那里进行一些新建和扩建工 程以增加 8〜12万 t的年生产能力。 菲律宾、 印度尼西亚也有一些镍生产商和 投资商在那里寻求发展。截至 2003年底， 我国镍资源保有储量 (金属)不到 700 万 t， 在现有采矿技术条件下， 可供开采的就更低了。 而且我国镍矿以贫矿为 主， 又集中在少数几个省区。据地勘资料表明， 甘肃金川矿区是全国最大的硫 化铜镍矿床， 占全国保有储量的 70%; 其次是新疆， 镍金属储量在 86万 t左 右； 居第三位的是云南的金平和元江， 镍矿储量不到 70万 t， 而元江镍矿是硅 酸镍矿， 选冶难度大。 陕西的煎茶岭居算四位， 镍金矿储量在 20万 t左右， 但以贫矿为主， 品位在 1 %以上的富矿不到 4万1。 此外， 四川的舟巴镍矿 (民 采， 乱采滥挖)、 贵州遵义附近钼镍矿、 梵净山硫化铜镍矿， 广西桂北地区也 发现镍矿点。 但勘察程度非常低， 难以计算储量。 随着勘探工作深入开展， 有 可能发现贮量较大、 质量较好的氧化镍矿资源。
公知的氧化镍矿、 硅酸镍矿采用的基本处理方法有以下四种： 镍铁熔炼、 造硫熔炼、 还原焙烧一氨浸出、 高压硫酸浸出。
采用镍铁熔炼的工厂主要有法国镍公司的新喀里多尼亚多尼安博冶炼厂、 哥伦比亚塞罗马托莎厂、 日本住友公司的八户冶炼厂。产出的产品中镍质量分 数为 20〜30%， 镍回收率为 90〜95%， 钴不能回收。 该工艺首先将矿石破碎 到 50〜150mm， 然后送干燥窑干燥到矿石既不黏结又不太粉化， 再送煅烧回 转窑， 在 700°C温度下， 干燥、 预热和煅烧， 产出焙砂； 在焙砂加入电炉后， 再加入 10〜30mm的挥发性煤， 经过 100CTC的还原熔炼， 产出粗镍铁合金； 粗镍铁合金再经过吹炼产出成品镍铁台金。
镍造硫熔炼生产工艺是在生产镍铁熔炼工艺的 1500〜1600°C熔炼过程 中， 加入硫磺， 产出低镍硫， 再通过转炉吹炼生产高镍硫。 生产高镍硫的主要 工厂有法国镍公司的新喀里多尼亚多尼安博冶炼厂、 印度尼西亚的苏拉威 西，梭罗阿科冶炼厂。 高镍硫产品一般镍质量分敷为 79%， 硫质量分数为 19.5%。 全流程镍回收率约 70%。
还原焙烧氨浸出工艺是将红土矿干燥、 磨碎， 在 600〜700°C温度下还原 焙烧， 使镍、 钴和部分铁还原成合金， 然后再 4级逆流氨浸， 利用镍和钴可与 氨形成配和物的特性， 使镍、 钴等有价金属进入浸出液。 浸出液经硫化沉淀， 沉淀母液再除铁、蒸氨，产出碱式硫酸镍，碱式硫酸镍再经煅烧转化成氧化镍， 也可以经还原生产镍粉。到目前为止， 世界上采用该工艺处理红土矿的仅有澳 大利亚 QNI公司的雅布鲁精炼厂和古巴的尼加罗冶炼厂。 一般生产的镍块中 镍质量分数达 90%， 全流程镍的回收率达到 75〜80%。 与火法冶炼流程相比， 钴可以部分回收， 回收率约 40〜50%。
高压酸浸工艺是在 250〜270°C， 4〜5MPa的高温高压条件下， 用稀硫酸 将镍、 钴等有价金属与铁、 铝矿物一起溶解， 在随后的反应中， 控制一定的 pH值等条件， 使铁、 铝和硅等杂质元素水解进入渣中， 镍、 钴选择性进入溶 液。 浸出液用硫化氢还原中和、 沉淀， 产出高质量的镍钴硫化物。 镍钴硫化物 通过传统的精炼工艺配套产出最终产品。最早的加压酸浸冶炼厂是古巴的毛阿 冶炼厂，其设计年处理矿石 200万 t，产品为镍钴硫化物，镍钴产量分别为 2.27 万 t和 2000t， 镍、 钴回收率分别达到 90%〜95%和 80%〜90%， 高于氨浸流 程和火法流程。加压酸浸的金属回收率高，但是近年来投产的采用加压酸浸工 艺的工厂并没有达到预期的理想效果。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种氧化镍矿、硅酸镍矿中回收镍、钴等有价矿物的 方法。针对氧化镍矿、硅酸镍矿特性， 采用氯化离析焙烧一磁选工艺对物料进 行处理， 可得镍品位为 5〜15%， 回收率为 80〜85%；钴品位为 0.3〜1.7%， 回 收率为 70〜80%的镍钴混合精矿。
发明通过以下技术方案来实现：
1 . 原矿处理： 将原矿氧化镍矿或硅酸镍矿进行破磨至 -200 目占 80— 90wt%， 加入原矿重量 5〜15%的焦炭粉 （保证下一步离析焙烧处理炉内的弱 还原气氛）、 10〜30的氯化剂、 0.1〜1.0%的助剂， 制成粒径 5〜15mm球团， 然后进行千燥， 干燥至含水分 <5〜10wt%， 所述氯化剂包括氯化钠 （NaCl) 或氯化钙 （CaCl2) 中的一种， 所述助剂包括氯化铜 （CuCl)、 氯化氨 (NH4C1)、 P551、 MOP, 二甲基硫代氨基甲酸铜中的一种或几种， 用调整焦炭粉配比保 证下一步离析焙烧处理炉内的弱还原气氛，·
2. 离析焙烧处理： 干燥后球团进入离析回转窑进行焙烧， 为了使炉料达 到离析所要求的温度， 采用燃烧煤粉的方式提供所需的热量， 并用逆流式焙烧 方式（物料加入方向与燃料加入方向相反）进行， 控制离析回转窑高温带温度 为 1000〜1300°C， 窑尾温度为 400〜600°C， 回转窑转速 0.75〜2转 /分钟， 物 料在炉内停留时间 1〜2小时， 可得镍钴铁合金弥散分布的离析产品， 离析产 品出炉后水淬；
3. 磁选处理： 水淬后的离析产品破碎磨矿至 -200目占 75〜95wt%后进入 磁场强度为 1500〜3000高斯的磁选机选别， 当原矿镍品位为 0.8〜2%， 钴品 位为 0.08〜0.15%时，离析焙烧一磁选后可得镍品位为 5〜15%，回收率为 80〜 85%； 钴品位为 0.3〜1.7%， 回收率为 70〜80%的镍钴混合精矿；
4. 尾气处理 对离析焙烧处理回转窑尾气进行烟尘收集和尾气酸雾净化处理，烟尘收集 后返回制团， 尾气经酸雾净化处理后达标排放。
与公知技术相比本发明具有的优点及积极效果
( 1 ) 本发明流程简单易行， 投资周期短， 见效快。
(2) 本发明与公知技术相比， 较全面的回收了镍、 钴等有价金属， 具有 较好的经济效益。
(3 ) 本发明在回收有价金属的同时， 注意环境的保护， 基本做到了无尾 排放。 附图说明
图 1为本发明的工艺流程图。 具体实施方式
实施例 1 : 元江硅酸镍矿， 原矿含镍品位 1.2%， 钴品位 0.08〜0.1%， 将 原矿破碎到 -3mm— Omm， 再用雷蒙磨磨至 -200目占 80〜90wt%， 加入粒度为 -3mm— 0mm的焦炭粉 12.5wt%、 氯化剂 CaCl225wt%、 助剂 MOP 0.5 ％混 勾团球， 制成粒径 8-15mm 的球团， 在空气中凉干至水分 <8%， 加入高温带 温度为 1000〜1200°C， 窑尾温度为 400〜500°C的离析回转窑中离析焙烧， 回 转窑转速 1.2转 /分钟， 焙烧时间 1一 1.2小时， 焙烧燃料为粉煤， 焙烧方式为 逆流式焙烧， 焙烧产品卸入水池中水淬， 水淬产品捞出经破碎后磨矿， 磨矿细 度为 -200目占 75〜78wt%， 用磁场强度 H=2800± 50高斯的磁选机分选，磁性 产品即为镍钴混合精矿，混合精矿镍品位 11.5%,回收率 84.5%，钴品位 0.56%， 回收率 78.5%。
实旆例 2: 菲律宾红土镍矿， 矿样取自菲律宾， 原矿中含镍品位 1.28%， 钴品位 0.041%。 将原矿破碎到 -3mm— 0mm， 再用雷蒙磨磨至 -200 目占 80〜 90wt%, 加入粒度为 -3mm〜0mm的焦炭粉 10wt°/。、 氯化剂 (NaC 1)30 wt%、 助 剂 (二甲基硫代氨基甲酸铜 )0.6wt%混匀团球， 粒级 5-100mm， 在空气中凉干至 水分 <3〜5%， 加入高温带温度为 1000〜1200°C， 窑尾温度为 400〜500°C的 离析回转窑中离析焙烧， 回转窑转速 1转 /分钟， 焙烧时间 1.5〜2小时， 焙烧 燃料为粉煤， 焙烧方式为逆流式焙烧， 焙烧产品卸入水池中水淬， 水淬产品捞 出经破碎后磨矿， 磨矿细度为- 200目占 90wt%.， 用磁场强度 H=2000±50高 斯的磁选机分选， 磁性产品即为镍钴混合精矿， 混台精矿镍品位为 6.44%， 回 收率为 82.03%， 钴品位为 0.19%， 回收率为 71.14%。
实施例 3: 汉源钴镍矿， 原矿含镍品位 0.14%， 钴品位 0.25%。 将原矿破 碎到 -3mm〜0mm， 再用雷蒙磨磨至 -200目占 80〜90wt%，加入粒度为 -3mm〜 0mm的焦炭粉 5wt%、氯化剂（CaCl2) 23wt%、助剂（CuCl: NH4C1=1:1 ) lwt% 混匀团球， 粒级 8-15mm， 在空气中凉干至水分 <3〜5%， 加入高温带温度为 1000〜1300°C， 窑尾温度为 500〜600°C的离析回转窑中离析焙烧， 回转窑转 速 2转 /分钟，焙烧时间 1-1.5小时，焙烧燃料为粉煤，焙烧方式为逆流式焙烧， 焙烧产品卸入水池中水淬，水淬产品捞出经破碎后磨矿，磨矿细度为 -200目占 95wt%,用磁场强度 H= 1800±50高斯的磁选机分选，磁性产品即为镍钴混合 精矿 I， 精矿镍品位 2.12%, 回收率 66.62%， 钴品位 3.5%， 回收率 ' 66.03%; 再用磁场强度 H=3000高斯的磁选机扫选， 得到磁性产品镍钴混合精矿 II， 精矿镍品位 0.72%， 回收率 4.67%， 钴品位 1.12%， 回收率 4.07°/。， 钴总回收 率 70.1%， 镍总回收率 71.29%。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种从氧化镍矿硅酸镍矿回收镍钴的方法， 其特征在于： 将原矿氧化 镍矿或硅酸镍矿进行破磨， 加入原矿重量 5〜15%的焦炭粉、 10〜30%的氯化 剂、 0.1〜1.0%的助剂制团， 干燥， 干燥后球团进入离析回转窑进行焙烧， 控 制离析回转窑高温带温度为 1000〜3000°C， 窑尾温度为 400〜600°C， 回转窑 转速 0.75〜2转 /分钟， 焙烧时间 1〜2小时， 得镍钴铁合金离析产品， 经水淬 后的离析产品进入磁场强度为 1500〜3000高斯的磁选机选别， 得镍钴混合精 矿。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种从氧化镍矿硅酸镍矿回收镍钴的方法， 其 特征在于： 原矿含镍品位 1.2%， 钴品位 0.08〜0.1%或镍品位 1.28%， 钴品位 0.041%或镍品位 0.14%， 钴品位 0.25%。
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种从氧化镍矿硅酸镍矿回收镍钴的方法， 其特征在于： 所述氯化剂为氯化钠或氯化钙的一种。
4. 根据权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的一种从氧化镍矿硅酸镍矿回收镍钴的方 法， 其特征在于： 所述助剂包括氯化铜、 氯化氨、 P551、 MOP, 二甲基硫代氨 基甲酸铜中的一种或几种。
5. 根据权利要求 1、 2、 3或 4所述的一种从氧化镍矿硅酸镍矿回收镍钴 的方法， 其特征在于： 原矿氧化镍矿或硅酸镍矿破磨至 -200目占 80〜90wt%， 制成粒径 5〜15mm球团， 干燥至含水分 <5〜10wt%。
6. 根据权利要求 1-5 中任一所述的一种从氧化镍矿硅酸镍矿回收镍钴的 方法， 其特征在于： 经水淬后的离析产品破碎磨矿至 -200 目占 75〜95wt°/ ¾ 入磁选机选别。
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