[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2007109009A3 - Foamed-wall container having a silvery appearance - Google Patents

Foamed-wall container having a silvery appearance Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2007109009A3
WO2007109009A3 PCT/US2007/006264 US2007006264W WO2007109009A3 WO 2007109009 A3 WO2007109009 A3 WO 2007109009A3 US 2007006264 W US2007006264 W US 2007006264W WO 2007109009 A3 WO2007109009 A3 WO 2007109009A3
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
preform
polymer
container
foamed
micro cellular
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2007/006264
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2007109009A2 (en
Inventor
Frank E Semersky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Plastic Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Plastic Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/384,979 external-priority patent/US7790255B2/en
Application filed by Plastic Technologies Inc filed Critical Plastic Technologies Inc
Priority to JP2009501453A priority Critical patent/JP2009530205A/en
Priority to BRPI0708939-2A priority patent/BRPI0708939A2/en
Priority to AU2007227660A priority patent/AU2007227660C1/en
Priority to PCT/US2007/006264 priority patent/WO2007109009A2/en
Priority to CA2646320A priority patent/CA2646320C/en
Priority to MX2008011900A priority patent/MX2008011900A/en
Priority to EP07752928A priority patent/EP1999517A4/en
Publication of WO2007109009A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007109009A2/en
Priority to AU2007349178A priority patent/AU2007349178B2/en
Priority to PCT/US2007/082226 priority patent/WO2008112024A1/en
Priority to US12/526,134 priority patent/US20100323139A1/en
Priority to EP07854345A priority patent/EP2117795A4/en
Priority to MX2009009709A priority patent/MX2009009709A/en
Priority to CA2678123A priority patent/CA2678123C/en
Publication of WO2007109009A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007109009A3/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US12/276,687 priority patent/US20090072427A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/38Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation
    • B65D81/3865Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation drinking cups or like containers
    • B65D81/3867Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation drinking cups or like containers formed of foam material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/08Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using several expanding or moulding steps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/0005Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the material
    • B29C49/0006Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the material for heating or cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/06Injection blow-moulding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C2049/023Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison using inherent heat of the preform, i.e. 1 step blow moulding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/78Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C49/786Temperature
    • B29C2049/7861Temperature of the preform
    • B29C2049/7862Temperature of the preform characterised by temperature values or ranges
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10Polymers of propylene
    • B29K2023/12PP, i.e. polypropylene
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2027/00Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2027/06PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2067/00Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2077/00Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/04Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
    • B29K2105/041Microporous
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/04Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
    • B29K2105/046Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous with closed cells
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/25Solid
    • B29K2105/253Preform
    • B29K2105/258Tubular
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0018Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
    • B29K2995/0022Bright, glossy or shiny surface

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Molding Of Porous Articles (AREA)

Abstract

A container comprises a micro cellular foamed polymer, and a non- reactive gas contained within the micro cellular foam cells, wherein the container has a silvery appearance. The process for making the container comprises injection molding a polymer preform having a non-reactive gas entrapped within the walls thereof, cooling the preform to a temperature below the polymer softening temperature, reheating the preform to a temperature above the polymer softening temperature, and blow molding the preform, to prepare a container comprising a micro cellular foamed polymer having a non- reactive gas contained within the micro cellular foam cells.
PCT/US2007/006264 2006-03-20 2007-03-12 Foamed-wall container having a silvery appearance Ceased WO2007109009A2 (en)

Priority Applications (14)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2009501453A JP2009530205A (en) 2006-03-20 2007-03-12 Foamed wall container with silver appearance
BRPI0708939-2A BRPI0708939A2 (en) 2006-03-20 2007-03-12 container, process for preparing a container, process for preparing a micro-cellular preform, and plastic container having a foamed structure
AU2007227660A AU2007227660C1 (en) 2006-03-20 2007-03-12 Foamed-wall container having a silvery appearance
PCT/US2007/006264 WO2007109009A2 (en) 2006-03-20 2007-03-12 Foamed-wall container having a silvery appearance
CA2646320A CA2646320C (en) 2006-03-20 2007-03-12 Foamed-wall container having a silvery appearance
MX2008011900A MX2008011900A (en) 2006-03-20 2007-03-12 FOAM WALL CONTAINER WITH SILVER APPEARANCE.
EP07752928A EP1999517A4 (en) 2006-03-20 2007-03-12 EXTENDED WALLED CONTAINER WITH SILVER APPEARANCE
CA2678123A CA2678123C (en) 2007-03-12 2007-10-23 Foamed-wall container having a non-transparent appearance
MX2009009709A MX2009009709A (en) 2007-03-12 2007-10-23 Foamed-wall container having a non-transparent appearance.
AU2007349178A AU2007349178B2 (en) 2007-03-12 2007-10-23 Foamed-wall container having a non-transparent appearance
PCT/US2007/082226 WO2008112024A1 (en) 2007-03-12 2007-10-23 Foamed-wall container having a non-transparent appearance
US12/526,134 US20100323139A1 (en) 2006-03-20 2007-10-23 Foamed-wall container having a non-transparent appearance
EP07854345A EP2117795A4 (en) 2007-03-12 2007-10-23 CONTAINER WITH FOAM WALLS WITH AN IMPROPER APPEARANCE
US12/276,687 US20090072427A1 (en) 2006-03-20 2008-11-24 Process for varying the appearance of a container having a foamed wall

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/384,979 US7790255B2 (en) 2006-03-20 2006-03-20 Foamed-wall container having a silvery appearance
US11/384,979 2006-03-20
PCT/US2007/006264 WO2007109009A2 (en) 2006-03-20 2007-03-12 Foamed-wall container having a silvery appearance

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/384,979 Continuation-In-Part US7790255B2 (en) 2006-03-20 2006-03-20 Foamed-wall container having a silvery appearance

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/384,979 Continuation-In-Part US7790255B2 (en) 2006-03-20 2006-03-20 Foamed-wall container having a silvery appearance
US12/526,134 Continuation-In-Part US20100323139A1 (en) 2006-03-20 2007-10-23 Foamed-wall container having a non-transparent appearance

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007109009A2 WO2007109009A2 (en) 2007-09-27
WO2007109009A3 true WO2007109009A3 (en) 2007-11-29

Family

ID=39760539

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2007/006264 Ceased WO2007109009A2 (en) 2006-03-20 2007-03-12 Foamed-wall container having a silvery appearance

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1999517A4 (en)
JP (1) JP2009530205A (en)
AU (1) AU2007227660C1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0708939A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2646320C (en)
MX (1) MX2008011900A (en)
WO (1) WO2007109009A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101639743B1 (en) * 2012-03-26 2016-07-14 도요세이칸 그룹 홀딩스 가부시키가이샤 Stretched foam plastic molded article having metallic appearance
JP7610336B2 (en) 2021-02-04 2025-01-08 東洋製罐グループホールディングス株式会社 Synthetic resin containers and preforms

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6169266B1 (en) * 1998-03-25 2001-01-02 Xirom, Inc. Etching of multi-layered coated surfaces to add graphic and text elements to an article
US20040081915A1 (en) * 2002-10-28 2004-04-29 Andrews Ann E. Process to produce a custom-color overlay
US20050181161A1 (en) * 2004-02-17 2005-08-18 Semersky Frank E. Container having a foamed wall
US6939071B1 (en) * 2000-02-29 2005-09-06 Fragrance Systems International Roll-on applicator

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3558751A (en) * 1964-07-22 1971-01-26 Owens Illinois Inc Method of making a foamed container having an integral neck portion
JPS6019511A (en) * 1983-07-14 1985-01-31 Orion Kasei Kk Preparation of hollow heat insulating container
JPS6153021A (en) * 1984-08-23 1986-03-15 Mitsubishi Gas Chem Co Inc Method of manufacturing foam containers
US6352426B1 (en) * 1998-03-19 2002-03-05 Advanced Plastics Technologies, Ltd. Mold for injection molding multilayer preforms
WO1999033636A1 (en) * 1997-12-23 1999-07-08 Coraltech Limited Thermoforming or blow moulding of injection moulded preforms
US20020122838A1 (en) * 2001-01-04 2002-09-05 Anderson Jere R. Blow molding method and system
JP4391887B2 (en) * 2004-05-31 2009-12-24 株式会社吉野工業所 Laminated molded body
CA2569639A1 (en) * 2004-06-10 2005-12-29 Advanced Plastics Technologies Luxembourg S.A. Methods and systems for cooling molds

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6169266B1 (en) * 1998-03-25 2001-01-02 Xirom, Inc. Etching of multi-layered coated surfaces to add graphic and text elements to an article
US6939071B1 (en) * 2000-02-29 2005-09-06 Fragrance Systems International Roll-on applicator
US20040081915A1 (en) * 2002-10-28 2004-04-29 Andrews Ann E. Process to produce a custom-color overlay
US20050181161A1 (en) * 2004-02-17 2005-08-18 Semersky Frank E. Container having a foamed wall

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MX2008011900A (en) 2008-10-17
EP1999517A2 (en) 2008-12-10
BRPI0708939A2 (en) 2011-06-14
CA2646320C (en) 2014-09-16
AU2007227660B2 (en) 2012-04-05
CA2646320A1 (en) 2007-09-27
AU2007227660C1 (en) 2012-09-20
AU2007227660A1 (en) 2007-09-27
WO2007109009A2 (en) 2007-09-27
EP1999517A4 (en) 2012-07-18
JP2009530205A (en) 2009-08-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2005081756A3 (en) Container having a foamed wall
WO2009036328A3 (en) Methods for blow molding solid-state cellular thermoplastic articles
WO2009031814A3 (en) Blow molding for container equipped with divided receptacle
EP1942137A4 (en) Water soluble biodegradable material
WO2006084212A3 (en) A process for forming a container by stretch blow molding and container formed thereby
EP1961709A4 (en) Process for production of molded articles, glass material, and method for determing the surface shapes of glass material and mold
WO2009044887A1 (en) Storage of reagent
WO2006113428A3 (en) Method for manufacturing blow molded containers, a base assembly for forming the containers and such a container
WO2010015219A3 (en) Method and apparatus for blow molding receptacles
WO2010093524A3 (en) Method for manufacturing a plurality of shaped foam articles
BRPI0509773A (en) preforms, bottles and method for making preforms and bottles
ZA200709639B (en) Injection molded preform, stretch blow molded container and method for reducing the cycle time for making it
WO2009079724A3 (en) Preform and container for contaminable products and method for the manufacturing thereof
DE502007006996D1 (en) METHOD FOR PRODUCING A PLASTIC CONTAINER, PREPARATION FOR MAKING A PLASTIC CONTAINER AND PLASTIC CONTAINER
WO2007107822A3 (en) Apparatuses and methods for manufacturing containers
IL180765A0 (en) Low temperature molding process for making solid biodegradable articles
EP2580271A4 (en) Foamed articles exhibiting improved thermal properties
WO2012000621A3 (en) Method for producing a plastics article and blow mould for carrying out the method
WO2011000504A3 (en) Method for producing an item made of thermoplastic plastic
WO2007109009A3 (en) Foamed-wall container having a silvery appearance
WO2008078650A1 (en) Cellular products and process for production thereof
WO2011159015A3 (en) Method for preparing fabric-integrated cross-linked foamed product
WO2012037054A3 (en) Mold delay for increased pressure for forming container
IN2012DN01408A (en)
WO2009054212A1 (en) Polypropylene resin foamed beads and foam moldings

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 07752928

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2646320

Country of ref document: CA

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: MX/a/2008/011900

Country of ref document: MX

Ref document number: 2007227660

Country of ref document: AU

Ref document number: 12008502101

Country of ref document: PH

Ref document number: 4967/CHENP/2008

Country of ref document: IN

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 200780009709.6

Country of ref document: CN

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2009501453

Country of ref document: JP

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2007227660

Country of ref document: AU

Date of ref document: 20070312

Kind code of ref document: A

REEP Request for entry into the european phase

Ref document number: 2007752928

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2007752928

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1020087025361

Country of ref document: KR

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2008137352

Country of ref document: RU

Kind code of ref document: A

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: PI0708939

Country of ref document: BR

Kind code of ref document: A2

Effective date: 20080919