[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2007107524A1 - Dispositif commutateur à commande par pression et capteur de pression associé - Google Patents

Dispositif commutateur à commande par pression et capteur de pression associé Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2007107524A1
WO2007107524A1 PCT/EP2007/052531 EP2007052531W WO2007107524A1 WO 2007107524 A1 WO2007107524 A1 WO 2007107524A1 EP 2007052531 W EP2007052531 W EP 2007052531W WO 2007107524 A1 WO2007107524 A1 WO 2007107524A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
organic layer
intrinsically
switching device
sensitive organic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2007/052531
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Olk
Alexei Boulbitch
Aloyse Schoos
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IEE International Electronics and Engineering SA
Original Assignee
IEE International Electronics and Engineering SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP06114542A external-priority patent/EP1835271A1/fr
Application filed by IEE International Electronics and Engineering SA filed Critical IEE International Electronics and Engineering SA
Publication of WO2007107524A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007107524A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
    • G01L1/205—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using distributed sensing elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
    • G01L1/247—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet using distributed sensing elements, e.g. microcapsules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
    • H01H13/702—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
    • H01H13/78—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard characterised by the contacts or the contact sites
    • H01H13/785—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard characterised by the contacts or the contact sites characterised by the material of the contacts, e.g. conductive polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2201/00—Contacts
    • H01H2201/022—Material
    • H01H2201/032—Conductive polymer; Rubber
    • H01H2201/036—Variable resistance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2203/00—Form of contacts
    • H01H2203/02—Interspersed fingers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2219/00—Legends
    • H01H2219/002—Legends replaceable; adaptable
    • H01H2219/014—LED
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2219/00—Legends
    • H01H2219/002—Legends replaceable; adaptable
    • H01H2219/018—Electroluminescent panel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2227/00—Dimensions; Characteristics
    • H01H2227/002—Layer thickness
    • H01H2227/012—Conductive rubber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2229/00—Manufacturing
    • H01H2229/002—Screen printing
    • H01H2229/004—Conductive ink

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to pressure sensors, in particular to pressure-actuatable switching devices for sensing a compressive force acting thereon, based upon intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic materials.
  • the term "intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer” designates a layer comprising or consisting essentially of an organic material (e.g. a polymer, a blend of polymers or a non-polymeric organic material) that has an intrinsic (inherent) electrical conductivity that changes as a function of applied pressure.
  • organic material e.g. a polymer, a blend of polymers or a non-polymeric organic material
  • Intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic material is the intrinsic electric conductivity of the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic material that changes, i.e. the change in conductivity is due to changes on molecular level. This is in contrast to composite pressure-sensitive materials having electrically conductive particles embedded in an insulating matrix material (see e.g. US 3,386,067).
  • a layer comprising or consisting essentially of a intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic material designates a layer, whose electrical properties are significantly, respectively essentially, determined by the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic material.
  • An intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer should thus not be limited a priori to a layer consisting exclusively of a intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic material.
  • an intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer may comprise other substances or molecules, e.g. inorganic or organic materials in general, polymers, oligomers, monomers, non-polymeric substances, e.g. molecules of organic conductors (such as, for instance, pentacene, conductive organic salts, etc.), other organic molecules (such as e.g.
  • the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer has an electrical conductivity depending upon mechanical stress applied to the layer surface. In most practical applications, such stress is applied normally to the surface of the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer (i.e. pressure). For reasons of conciseness stress applied to the surface of the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer is herein generally referred to as "pressure".
  • pressure stress applied to the surface of the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer.
  • components of the stress tensor other than the components normal to the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer may cause the same effect.
  • the intrinsically pressure-sensitive materials may be grouped into two different categories, according to the behaviour of the materials in response to pressure.
  • the materials of the first group exhibit an abrupt, step-like increase of the conductivity as a function of applied pressure.
  • the materials of the second group exhibit an essentially continuous increase as a function of applied pressure, in a relatively broad pressure range.
  • the curve representing the dependence of the conductivity of the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer upon the applied pressure is generally s-shaped.
  • the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer exhibits a low conductivity (typical for insulators) and at high pressure values it exhibits a high conductivity (typical for semiconductors or metals, depending on the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer under consideration).
  • the conductivity thus increases considerably within a certain, relatively narrow pressure interval (for polyphtalides, the increase in conductivity typically amounts to 6 to 9 orders of magnitude). It is convenient to characterize this pressure interval by two pressure values, which are herein referred to as "pressure thresholds".
  • the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer has the conductivity of an insulator; above the higher or second pressure threshold, the conductivity of the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer is that of a semiconductor or a metal. Between the said first and second thresholds, the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer undergoes a transition between the two conductivity states.
  • Most of the intrinsically pressure- sensitive organic materials presently known (such as e.g. polydiphenilenephthalide) possess relatively narrow transition intervals, i.e. the difference between the second and the first pressure thresholds is smaller than the value of the first threshold.
  • the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer can be characterized by only one pressure threshold, P c , chosen in the middle of the transition interval.
  • the materials of the second have a slower transition from the insulating state to the conductive state.
  • the transition between low conductivity and high conductivity may take place continuously in a relatively broad transition region (e.g. covering the entire working pressure range).
  • Intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic materials suitable in the context of the present invention have been disclosed, for instance, in the patents of Miyadera et al. (JP 2002-241591 A2), Tomono and Komatsu (JP 2004-013451 A2), Yusa and Miyadera (JP 2003317545 A2) and Lachinov and Salazkin (RU 2256967 and WO 2005/076289 A1 ). Further details can be found in the review articles by A. N. Lachinov et. al., Poly(phthalidylidenarylene)s: New Effects. - New Horizons of application, Synthetic Metals 71 , 2155-8 (1995) and S. N.
  • An intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic material usable in the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layers of pressure-actuatable switching devices is, for instance, poly(3,3'-phthalidylidene-4,4'-biphenylene), a polymer which, if a pressure greater than the pressure threshold P cr is applied, exhibits high (metal-like) electrical conductivity in the direction the compression (which is usually normal to the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer), whereas the conductivity in the directions normal to the compression (i.e. usually parallel to the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer) remains substantially lower (see e.g. Lachinov, et al. Synthetic Metals 57, 5046-51 (1993); Lachinov et al. Sov. Phys. JETP 75, 99-102 (1992); Lachinov et al. Synthetic Metals 41 , 805- 809 (1991 )).
  • anisotropic intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic materials There are intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic materials whose electrical conductivity substantially differs for different directions, they may be referred to as "anisotropic intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic materials". These anisotropic materials include, for instance the above-mentioned polyphthalides, whose electrical conductivity increases in the direction of the compression, whereas the conductivity transversal to this direction remains low. The anisotropic materials also include material whose electrical conductivity increases only in a direction transversal to the direction of the compression. In contrast, intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic materials whose electrical conductivity changes substantially isotropically may be referred to as “isotropic intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic materials”.
  • the pressure threshold of an intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer is a material property.
  • finding an intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic material, whose pressure threshold lies within a range defined by the application is not an obvious task.
  • pressure developed by a human finger when pressing down a button typically lies in a range from 0.03 to 0.1 atm.
  • Pressure-actuatable switching devices used as human-device interfaces are thus preferably able to provide the switching action when a pressure in the above range is applied.
  • the switching action might be desired in another pressure range.
  • the pressure range in which the switching action has to occur is fixed and a suitable intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer has then to be found according to this and other technical requirements. In some cases, there might be no intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer compatible with all the conditions.
  • a pressure-actuatable switching device for sensing a compressive force acting thereon comprises a first sheet element and a second sheet element, each one of the first and second sheet elements having a side facing towards the other sheet element and a side facing away from the other sheet element, an intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer arranged between the first and second sheet elements and an evaluation circuit.
  • the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer is electrically insulating when subjected to pressure not exceeding a certain pressure threshold and electrically conducting when subjected to pressure exceeding the pressure threshold (the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic material belongs to the first of the above-mentioned groups).
  • the evaluation circuit is electrically connected to the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer in such a way that it can evaluate whether the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer is electrically insulating or electrically conductive.
  • the first sheet element comprises, on the side facing towards the second sheet element, at least one projection of higher rigidity than the material of the pressure-sensitive organic layer, so that a compressing force acting on the pressure-actuatable switching device is concentrated while being transmitted to the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer at least preponderantly through the at least one projection.
  • the pressure exerted locally on the pressure-sensitive layer by the projection(s) exceeds the average pressure externally applied onto the switching device.
  • the compressing force may be transmitted to the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer only through the at least one projection.
  • the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic material comprises an intrinsically pressure-sensitive polymer.
  • the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic material comprises an intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic crystal or an intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic salt.
  • the evaluation circuit may comprise, for instance, an ohmmeter, a voltage source and a current meter, a current source and a voltmeter, a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and/or any other electrical component enabling it to evaluate whether the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic material is conductive or insulating.
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • the surface of the at least one projection that faces the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer determines, at least partially, the amount of pressure acting locally on the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer, for a given compressive force applied to the device.
  • F s the compressing force at which a switching action shall occur
  • P c the pressure threshold at which the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer becomes conductive.
  • the externally applied pressure at which switching shall occur is also referred to as "turn-on pressure".
  • the ratio P c /P s of the pressure threshold of the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer to the pressure at which the switching action is desired corresponds to the factor by which the externally applied pressure (compressing force divided by area A) has to be multiplied.
  • the second sheet element may comprise, on the side facing towards the first sheet element, at least one projection.
  • the at least one projection may have any suitable shapes. It may for instance be provided in form of a grid, meandrous shapes, etc.
  • the first sheet element comprises a plurality of projections.
  • the interstices between the projections are preferably at least partially filled with a filler material.
  • the filler material therefore advantageously has a substantially lower Young's modulus than the projections. More preferably, the Young's modulus of the filler material amounts to less than 50 % of the Young's modulus of the projection.
  • the Young's modulus of the filler material amounts to less than 10 % of the Young's modulus of the projection.
  • the plurality of projections may comprise wall-shaped projections, i.e. projections exhibiting, in a plane parallel to the intrinsically pressure- sensitive organic layer, little width in proportion to a length extension.
  • the length extension may be straight, curvilinear, arc-shaped, etc.
  • the wall-shaped projections are substantially straight and arranged parallel to each other.
  • the wall-shaped projections may also be arranged substantially concentrically.
  • the plurality of projections may also comprise column-shaped projections, i.e. projection exhibiting, in a plane parallel to the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer, approximately equal diameters in different directions.
  • the first sheet element advantageously comprises at least one strengthening rib extending between said projections, substantially parallel to the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer, for enhancing rigidity of said first sheet element.
  • the at least one projection tapers in direction to the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer.
  • the pressure-actuatable switching device comprises at least one ventilation channel providing fluid connection of the interstices with surroundings of the pressure-actuatable switching device, so as to compensate for changes in atmospheric pressure.
  • This feature is useful in applications of the device, in which one wishes to reduce as much as possible the influence atmospheric pressure variations, e.g. if the pressure-actuatable switching device is to be used as a button actuatable by a finger.
  • the pressure-actuatable switching device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, that are both arranged in electrical contact with the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer in such a way that they are conductively connected through the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer if the latter is subjected to pressure exceeding the pressure threshold.
  • the first and second electrodes may be resistive or conductive.
  • the first electrode is provided as an integral part of the first sheet element in the form of an electrically conductive region, e.g. the projections or at least a portion of the projections, on the side facing the second sheet element. That side is in this case also in contact with the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer.
  • the first electrode is a separate flexible electrode sandwiched between the at least one projection of the first sheet element and the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer, the first flexible electrode being in electrical contact with the intrinsically pressure- sensitive organic layer.
  • the second electrode may be provided on the second sheet element (as an integral part thereof) in the form of an electrically conductive region on the side facing the first sheet element or as a separate electrode sandwiched between the second sheet element and the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer.
  • Pressure-actuatable switching devices having their first electrode on the first side of the intrinsically pressure- sensitive organic layer and their second electrode on the second side thereof may be referred to as "through-mode" pressure-actuatable switching devices.
  • the pressure- actuatable switching devices having both their first and their second electrode on one side of the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer and a shunt electrode separate from the first and second electrodes on the other side, the shunt electrode being arranged in electrical contact with the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer in such a way that the first and second electrodes are conductively connected through the shunt electrode and the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer if the latter is subjected to pressure exceeding the pressure threshold.
  • Pressure-actuatable switching devices of this kind may be referred to as "shunt-mode" pressure-actuatable switching devices.
  • the first and second electrodes may be provided as integral parts of the first sheet element in the form of a first electrically conductive region and a second electrically conductive region on the side facing the second sheet element or as separate first and second flexible electrodes, in electrical contact with the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer, sandwiched between the first sheet element and the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer.
  • the shunt electrode may in these cases be provided as an integral part of the second sheet element, in the form of an electrically conductive region on the side facing the first sheet element, or, alternatively, as a separate electrode, in electrical contact with the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer, sandwiched between the second sheet element and the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer.
  • the first and second electrodes may be provided by the second sheet element comprising a first and a second electrically conductive regions on the side facing the second sheet element or as separate first and second electrodes, in electrical contact with the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer, sandwiched between the second sheet element and the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer.
  • the shunt electrode may be provided by the first sheet element including an electrically conductive region on the side facing the first sheet element, or alternatively, as a separate shunt electrode, in contact with the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer, sandwiched between the first sheet element and the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer.
  • the pressure-actuatable switching device is produced by using printing techniques.
  • the intrinsically pressure- sensitive organic layer may, for instance, be produced using a spin-coating method, a printing method, such as e.g. screen-printing, off-set printing, gravure printing, flexography printing and/or inkjet printing, or any other deposition method.
  • a printing method such as e.g. screen-printing, off-set printing, gravure printing, flexography printing and/or inkjet printing, or any other deposition method.
  • inkjet printing is preferred, since it allows forming layers with a well-defined thickness between about 500 nm and 5 to 10 micrometers in a single print. Higher thickness may be achieved by multiple prints.
  • the achievable lateral resolution lies in the range of tens of micrometers, e.g. 1 pixel typically corresponds to 75 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer is preferentially comprised in the range between 1 and 30 ⁇ m.
  • any suitable ink based on the intrinsically pressure- sensitive organic material may be used. Such an ink would preferably comprise 0.5 to 5 wt. % of the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic material, such as e.g.
  • a solvent such as e.g. cyclohexanone, nitrobenzene, chloroform or any other suitable solvent
  • 0.001-0.1 wt.% of additives 0.001-0.1 wt.%
  • the second and the shunt electrodes can be made of bulk material, e.g. bulk metal, but preferably they are also formed using methods such as e.g. metal evaporation or chemical precipitation or a printing process, such as e.g. screen-printing, off-set printing, gravure printing, flexography printing and/or inkjet printing.
  • the conductive structures may be e.g. be formed by screen printing using conductive inks, such as e.g.
  • silver inkjet inks e.g. Cabot AG-IJ-150-FX, Cima Nanotech IJ 242/21 , Tetenal Silver Fluid UV, Harima Chem. NanoPaste or any other suitable inks.
  • any resistive structures e.g. resistive electrodes or films
  • resistive inks include, for instance, the Acheson Electrodag PF-407C, Nicomatic LtD C- 100 or Nicomatic LtD C-200 inks for screen printing as well as, for instance, Tetenal UV Resistor LR, Tetenal UV Resistor MR, Tetenal UV Resistor HR carbon inks for inkjet printing.
  • the at least one projection, and possibly the at least one strengthening rib has been formed in a 3D inkjet printing technique.
  • the filler material may be formed in 3D inkjet printing technique.
  • 3D inkjet printing technique the structure to be formed is printed layer by layer. After printing of a layer, it is subjected to pre-curing, i.e. a partial curing. During pre- curing, the freshly printed layer is subjected to a dose of infrared or ultraviolet light (depending on the ink used for the printing) that is smaller that the dose used for complete curing.
  • the pressure-actuatable switching device comprises a filler material between the projections
  • the filler material structures are preferably raised in parallel to the projections.
  • any suitable inks may be used, for instance, Tetenal Silver Fluid UV silver inks.
  • polyethylene could be used as soft filler material because it complies with the requirement on Young's modulus mentioned above.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a through-mode pressure-actuatable switching device
  • Fig. 2 is an elevation cross-sectional view of the device of Fig. 1 under the action of external pressure
  • Fig. 3 is a detail of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 shows the dependence of the amplification factor upon the number of individual print layers forming the horizontal plate of the device of Figs. 1-3 for three distinct inter-wall distances;
  • Fig. 5 is an elevation cross-sectional view of a variant of the device of Fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 6 is an elevation cross-sectional view of a variant of the device of Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a pressure-actuatable switching device with tapering column-shaped projections;
  • Fig. 8 is an elevation cross-sectional view of a pressure-actuatable switching device of inverted geometry
  • Fig. 9 is an elevation cross-sectional view of a pressure-actuatable switching device with an additional flexible electrode
  • Fig. 10 is a partially exploded perspective view of a shunt-mode pressure- actuatable switching device
  • Fig. 11 is a partially exploded perspective view of another shunt-mode pressure-actuatable switching device
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic perspective view of a through-mode pressure-actuatable switching device of cylindrical geometry
  • Fig. 13 is an elevation cross-sectional view of the device of Fig. 12;
  • Fig. 14 is a view of the plane XIV-XIV of Fig. 13;
  • Fig. 15 is schematic perspective view of a pressure sensor;
  • Fig. 16 a cross-sectional view of another pressure sensor.
  • Figs. 1 to 3 show a through-mode pressure-actuatable switching device 10, comprising a intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12 sandwiched between a first sheet element and a second sheet element.
  • the first sheet element comprises a first conductive electrode 14 that includes a plurality of wall-shaped projections 16 on the side facing the second sheet element and the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12.
  • the second sheet element comprises a substrate 18 and a second conductive electrode 20 arranged thereon.
  • An evaluation circuit 22 is connected between the first and second electrodes for measuring the electrical resistance of the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer.
  • the interstices 24 between the different projections are filled with a soft filler material 26 (not shown in Fig. 1 for clarity of the drawing).
  • cover plate the top portion of the electrode 14 remains substantially even (as illustrated in Fig. 1 ), but with increasing pressure, the first electrode leaves its neutral position 14' and bends as exaggeratedly shown in Fig. 2.
  • the projections 16 have the form of straight walls with thickness b separated by the distance L.
  • the thickness of the cover plate is d.
  • the compressing force is transmitted to the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer only by the projections.
  • geometrical factor corresponds in this case (no filler material) to the ratio
  • K PVP, i.e. to the amplification of the pressure P' locally transmitted to the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer with respect to the externally applied pressure P.
  • K is referred to as the amplification factor.
  • the amplification factor K depends on the dimensionless parameters ⁇ and ⁇ defined as:
  • E f is the Young ' s modulus of the filler material
  • E e and v e are, respectively, the Young ' s modulus and Poisson ' s ratio of the electrode material
  • d is the thickness of the electrode plate
  • h is the height of the walls (see Fig. 3)
  • the amplification factor K can be calculated according to the expression: .. 2(CC -I) cosh ⁇ - cos ⁇
  • Fig. 5 represents a variant of the pressure-actuatable switching device of Fig. 1.
  • the sole difference resides in the amplification structure, i.e. the first electrode 14 and the filler material 26.
  • the projections 16 are wall- shaped and taper in direction towards the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12 so as to provide a better deviation of the compressing force from above the zones above the interstices filled with the filler material to the projections and enhanced rigidity of the first electrode 14 with respect to the device shown in Fig. 1.
  • the amplification of the transmitted pressure is more efficient than in the device of Fig. 1.
  • the amplification factor K is closer to the geometric parameter ⁇ .
  • the amplification structure is provided with ventilation channels 34, which connect the interstices fluidly with the surroundings of the pressure-actuatable switching device 10.
  • the ventilation channels 34 reduce the influence of variations of atmospheric pressure on the response of the device.
  • the ventilation channels may communicate with the atmosphere through special openings either in the first electrode or on side surfaces of the device.
  • the ventilation channels are preferably made as small as possible. If the first electrode and the filler material are formed using 3D inkjet printing, the smallest printable feature corresponds to 1 pixel (75 ⁇ m) which determines in this case the minimal width of the ventilation channels.
  • Fig. 7 shows a pressure-actuatable switching device, in which the projections 16 of the first sheet element are provided as columns of quadratic cross-section tapering towards the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12.
  • the interstices 24 between the column-shaped projections 16 may be filled with the soft filler material (not shown).
  • the projections are arranged in a quadratic pattern with L' being the distance between the centres of two nearest columns.
  • the amplification factor K can easily amount to 100.
  • Fig. 8 shows a through-mode pressure-actuatable switching device of inverted geometry.
  • the device comprises a first sheet element, including a substrate 19 and the first electrode 14.
  • the first electrode is arranged on the side of the substrate 19 that faces the second sheet element, which is in this case provided as the second electrode 20.
  • the first and second electrodes 14, 20 sandwich a intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12.
  • the first electrode comprises projections 16, protruding from the substantially flat portion of the first electrode that is arranged on the substrate 19.
  • the interstices between the projections 16 are filled with the soft filler material.
  • the principle of operation of the device of Fig. 8 is substantially the same as of the previously described devices.
  • the inverted configuration has the advantage that the "cover plate”, i.e. the flat part of the first electrode 14, is supported by the substrate 19. This increases the rigidity of the first electrode, even if it is thin. In this configuration, however, the second electrode 20 and the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12 rest on the projections 16 and the filler material. The rigidity of these components thus has to be chosen such that under the specified compressing forces, they do not tear. To increase the mechanical stability, the thicknesses of the second electrode 20 and the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12 can be increased or reinforcement elements, such as a reinforcement grid or reinforcement beams can be used.
  • the projections may be chosen to have simple elevation cross-section (as opposed to tapering cross-sections). Compared with the case of tapering projections, this decreases production time and cost.
  • FIG. 9 shows yet another pressure-actuatable switching device 10.
  • the device represented comprises a intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12 sandwiched between a first sheet element and a second sheet element.
  • the first sheet element comprises the first conductive electrode 14 that includes a plurality of tapering projections 16 on the side facing the second sheet element and the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12. Filler material 26 fills the interstices between the different projections.
  • the second sheet element comprises a substrate 18 and a second conductive electrode 20 arranged thereon.
  • the projections 16 of the first electrode 14 are not in direct contact with the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12 as a flexible resistive film 36 is sandwiched between the amplification structure (here the first electrode 14 with the projections 16 and the filler material 26) and the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12.
  • the shown device is connectable to an evaluation circuit by terminals 38, 40 conductively connected to the first and second electrodes 14, 20, respectively.
  • a problem that may occur in manufacturing pressure-actuatable switching devices based upon intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic materials is the formation of small through-holes in the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layers. Such through-holes may thus cause the electrode structures on both sides of the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer to be in electrical contact well below the pressure threshold specified for the particular pressure- sensitive material. In some cases, this may lead to short circuits.
  • the provision of a resistive layer arranged on at least one side of the intrinsically pressure- sensitive organic layer drastically reduces the risk of a short circuit through the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer.
  • the flexible resistive film 36 of the present embodiment prevents that the first and second electrodes come into direct contact in case of a through-hole in the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer.
  • Fig. 10 shows a shunt-mode pressure-actuatable switching device
  • the device comprises a first electrode 14 and a second electrode 20 arranged so as to interdigitate one with the other without being in direct electrical contact on a substrate 18.
  • An intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12 is arranged on top of and in electrical contact with the first and second electrodes 14, 20.
  • a shunt electrode 42 is arranged on top of and in electrical contact with the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12.
  • the shunt electrode comprises projections 16 tapering in direction of the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12.
  • Interstices 24 may be filled with the soft filler material (not shown in Fig. 10 for sake of clarity).
  • the first and second electrodes are connectable to an evaluation circuit at terminals 38 and 40.
  • the device of Fig. 10 operates as follows. When a compressing force is exerted on the device 10, pressure is transmitted locally to the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer through the projections 16 of the shunt electrode. If the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12 subjected to sufficient pressure in certain zones, it becomes conductive in thickness direction in these zones and allows an electrical current to flow from the first electrode 14 to the shunt electrode 42 and from the shunt electrode 42 to the second electrode 20. The resistance between the first and second electrodes 14, 20 thus decreases in consequence. As concerns the particular design of the device of Fig. 10, those skilled will appreciate that the substantially straight projections 16 of the shunt electrode 42 run substantially non-collinear to the teeth (or the fingers) of the first and second electrodes 14, 20. Preferably, the straight projections and the teeth of the first and second electrodes are oriented at right angle.
  • shunt-mode devices are intrinsically more robust against malfunctioning caused by through-holes.
  • the explanation of this is that in order to establish a short-circuit between the first and the second electrodes, at least two through-holes have to exist. Moreover, at least one of these though-holes has to extend between the first and the shunt electrodes and at least one has to extend between the second and the shunt electrodes. The probability for such a situation to occur is significantly reduced with respect to the probability of formation of at east one through-hole.
  • Fig. 11 shows substantially the same pressure-actuatable switching device as Fig. 10 with the difference that the shunt electrode 42 is not in direct electrical contact with the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12. Indeed, a flexible resistive film 36 is sandwiched between the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer and the shunt electrode in order to further reduce the probability of a failure of the device due to a through-hole in the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer.
  • Figs. 12 to 14 show a pressure-actuatable switching device 10 of cylindrical configuration.
  • the device comprises a first sheet element, including a substrate 19 and the first electrode 14.
  • the first electrode is arranged on the side of the substrate 19 that faces the second sheet element, which is in this case provided as the second electrode 20.
  • the first and second electrodes 14, 20 sandwich a intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12.
  • the first electrode comprises projections 16, protruding from the substantially flat portion of the first electrode that is arranged on the substrate 19.
  • the interstices 24 between the projections 16 may be filled with soft filler material.
  • the device is connectable to an evaluation circuit at terminals 38, 40.
  • the principle of operation of the device of Figs. 12-14 is the same as that of the device of Fig. 8.
  • the projections 16 have the form of concentric ring walls of wall thickness b" small compared to the wall radii.
  • the amplification factor can be approximated as K «r o /b", if the filler material in the interstices is sufficiently flexible.
  • a resistive film may additionally be provided between the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer and one of the first and second electrodes to reduce the risk of short-circuits due to through holes in the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer.
  • the device of Figs. 12 to 14 could be modified to operate in shunt mode. In this case, one could replace in the device of Figs. 12 to 14 the second electrode 20 by two interdigitating electrodes, while the pressure-amplifying structure would play the role of the shunt electrode.
  • Fig. 15 shows a pressure sensor based upon three pressure- actuatable switching devices 10.1 , 10.2, 10.3 switching at different values of the applied pressure.
  • the pressure sensor comprises a substrate 18 on which is arranged an elongated resistive electrode 44 as well as three conductive second electrodes 20. One end of the resistive electrode 44 is connected to a first terminal 46 of the pressure sensor.
  • the second electrodes 20 of the pressure-actuatable switching devices 10.1 , 10.2, 10.3 are connected at different connection locations 50.1 , 50.2, 50.3 to the resistive electrode 44 via conductive lines 54.
  • the pressure-actuatable switching devices 10.1 , 10.2, 10.3 have each a first conductive electrode 14.
  • the first conductive electrodes 14 are interconnected with one another and connected to the terminal 48 of the pressure sensor by means of a conductive cover layer 56.
  • the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 20 sandwich a intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12.
  • Each first electrode 14 comprises a plurality of projections 16 protruding towards the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12. The interstices between the projections are filled with a soft filler material 26.
  • the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layers 12 are made of the same material, but the pressure amplifying structures (i.e. the respective first electrode 14 with the projections 16 and the filler material 26) have different amplification factors K for the different pressure-actuatable switching devices 10.1 , 10.2, 10.3. As a result, the turn-on pressures of the different pressure- actuatable switching devices 10.1 , 10.2, 10.3, i.e. those values of the applied external pressure P at which the switching occurs, are different.
  • the pressure- actuatable switching devices 10.1 , 10.2, 10.3 are separated from each other by means of a soft spacer barrier 52, so that mechanical deformations occurring in one of the pressure-actuatable switching devices 10.1 , 10.2, 10.3 have negligible dependence on the mechanical deformations in the neighbouring pressure-actuatable switching device.
  • the pressure-actuatable switching devices 10.1 , 10.2, 10.3 have different values of the geometric factors ⁇ . This is illustrated in that the projections 16 have different widths bi, b2 and b ⁇ .
  • the pressure-actuatable switching devices 10.1 , 10.2, 10.3 are connected to the connection locations 50.1 , 50.2, 50.3 on the resistive electrode 44 in such a way that their geometric factors go increasing with the distance of the connection location 50.1 , 50.2, 50.3 to the terminal 46.
  • the amplification factor K is proportional to the geometric factor ⁇
  • the amplification factors of the pressure-actuatable switching devices 10.1 , 10.2, 10.3 are also arranged in increasing order.
  • Pi is the turn-on pressure of the i-th pressure-actuatable switching device
  • Ki the amplification factor of the i-th pressure-actuatable switching device
  • P c the pressure threshold of the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layers.
  • the pressure sensor of Fig. 15 thus provides a mapping of the external applied pressure on the resistance that can be measured between the terminals 46, 48.
  • Fig. 16 shows a pressure sensor of alternative construction.
  • the illustrated sensor comprises a sandwich structure of an elongated conductive shunt electrode 42 arranged on a substrate 19, a intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12 and an elongated resistive electrode 44.
  • the shunt electrode 42 comprises a plurality of projections 16.
  • an external pressure P acts on the pressure sensor as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 16, the resistive electrode 44 and the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12 are pressed onto the projections 16 of the shunt electrode 42.
  • the widths of the projections 16 vary along the longitudinal direction of the resistive electrode 44. Consequently, different geometrical factors ⁇ and thus different amplification factors K are associated to different portions 44.1 , 44.2, 44.3 of the resistive electrode 44.
  • the geometrical factor ⁇ increases from left to right.
  • the amplification factors also increase from left to right.
  • the pressure threshold P c of the intrinsically pressure-sensitive organic layer 12 does not vary significantly over the area of the pressure sensor. As a consequence, each resistive portion 44.1 , 44.2, 44.3 is shunted by the shunt electrode at different values of the applied pressure.
  • the resistance between the terminals 46, 48 is that of the entire resistive electrode 44.
  • the pressure P is assumed to be applied homogeneously to the whole area of the pressure sensor.
  • Figs. 15 and 16 are not limited to a specific number of zones with different amplification factors. In general, the higher the number of zones switching at different values of the applied pressure, the better the mapping of pressure to resistance can be achieved.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif commutateur à commande par pression pour détecter une force de compression exercée dessus, comprenant un premier élément feuille et un second élément feuille, chaque élément feuille, le premier et le second, ayant une face tournée vers l'autre élément feuille et une face opposée à l'autre élément feuille, une couche organique intrinsèquement sensible à la pression étant disposée entre le premier et le second éléments feuilles, et un circuit d'évaluation. La couche organique intrinsèquement sensible à la pression est isolante lorsqu'elle est soumise à une pression n'excédant pas un certain seuil de pression et électroconductrice lorsqu'elle est soumise à une pression excédant le seuil de pression. Le circuit d'évaluation est électriquement connecté à la couche intrinsèquement sensible à la pression de telle façon qu'il puisse évaluer si la couche organique intrinsèquement sensible à la pression est isolante ou électroconductrice. Le premier élément feuille comprend, sur la face tournée vers le second élément feuille, au moins une projection d'une rigidité supérieure à celle du matériau de la couche organique sensible à la pression de telle façon qu'une force de compression agissant sur le dispositif commutateur à commande par pression soit concentrée tout en étant transmise à la couche organique intrinsèquement sensible à la pression au moins essentiellement à travers ladite projection.
PCT/EP2007/052531 2006-03-17 2007-03-16 Dispositif commutateur à commande par pression et capteur de pression associé Ceased WO2007107524A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU91230 2006-03-17
LU91230 2006-03-17
EP06114544.7 2006-05-24
EP06114542.1 2006-05-24
EP06114542A EP1835271A1 (fr) 2006-03-17 2006-05-24 Interrupteur commandé par une pression et capteur de pression associé
EP06114544A EP1835272A1 (fr) 2006-03-17 2006-05-24 Capteur de pression

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007107524A1 true WO2007107524A1 (fr) 2007-09-27

Family

ID=38068759

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2007/052529 Ceased WO2007107522A1 (fr) 2006-03-17 2007-03-16 Dispositifs avec une couche sensible à la pression comprenant un matériau organique intrinsèquement sensible à la pression
PCT/EP2007/052532 Ceased WO2007107525A1 (fr) 2006-03-17 2007-03-16 Capteur de pression
PCT/EP2007/052531 Ceased WO2007107524A1 (fr) 2006-03-17 2007-03-16 Dispositif commutateur à commande par pression et capteur de pression associé
PCT/EP2007/052530 Ceased WO2007107523A1 (fr) 2006-03-17 2007-03-16 Capteur de pression pour mesurer une caractéristique d'une pression appliquée sur le capteur

Family Applications Before (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2007/052529 Ceased WO2007107522A1 (fr) 2006-03-17 2007-03-16 Dispositifs avec une couche sensible à la pression comprenant un matériau organique intrinsèquement sensible à la pression
PCT/EP2007/052532 Ceased WO2007107525A1 (fr) 2006-03-17 2007-03-16 Capteur de pression

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2007/052530 Ceased WO2007107523A1 (fr) 2006-03-17 2007-03-16 Capteur de pression pour mesurer une caractéristique d'une pression appliquée sur le capteur

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (4) WO2007107522A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108139775A (zh) * 2015-10-02 2018-06-08 微软技术许可有限责任公司 具有传感器的可折叠设备

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013154720A1 (fr) 2012-04-13 2013-10-17 Tk Holdings Inc. Capteur de pression comprenant un matériau sensible à la pression à utiliser avec des systèmes de commande et ses procédés d'utilisation
LU91995B1 (en) * 2012-05-10 2013-11-11 Iee Sarl The pressure-responsive seat occupancy sensor unit
WO2014043664A1 (fr) * 2012-09-17 2014-03-20 Tk Holdings Inc. Capteur de force à une seule couche
DE102013101835A1 (de) * 2013-02-25 2014-08-28 Haake Technik Gmbh Zweikanaliger, mehrlagiger taktiler Sensor
US11221706B2 (en) 2013-09-27 2022-01-11 Sensel, Inc. Tactile touch sensor system and method
JP6392361B2 (ja) 2013-09-27 2018-09-19 センセル インコーポレイテッドＳｅｎｓｅｌ，Ｉｎｃ． 容量式タッチセンサシステム及び方法
US10013092B2 (en) 2013-09-27 2018-07-03 Sensel, Inc. Tactile touch sensor system and method
EP3049901B1 (fr) * 2013-09-27 2020-11-18 Sensel, Inc. Système et procédé de capteurs tactiles résistifs
FR3015755B1 (fr) * 2013-12-19 2017-01-27 Airbus Operations Sas Dispositif de mesure comprenant des capteurs disposes dans des logements recouverts par un unique film
FR3015664B1 (fr) 2013-12-19 2017-03-10 Airbus Operations Sas Dispositif de mesure a circuit de commande unique
FR3015756B1 (fr) * 2013-12-19 2017-05-12 Airbus Operations Sas Dispositif de mesure simplifie et procede et outil de fabrication d'un tel dispositif
EP3246685B1 (fr) * 2015-01-14 2020-05-06 Nippon Mektron, Ltd. Élément sensible à la pression, capteur de pression, et procédé de fabrication d'un élément sensible à la pression
US10031605B2 (en) * 2015-04-13 2018-07-24 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Display integrated pressure sensor
JP6448474B2 (ja) * 2015-06-16 2019-01-09 三菱電機株式会社 感圧センサおよび感圧センサを備えたロボット
JP6527803B2 (ja) * 2015-10-02 2019-06-05 株式会社フジクラ 把持検出装置及びセンサ
GB201804352D0 (en) * 2018-03-02 2018-05-02 Peratech Holdco Ltd Touch-sensitive illumination
GB201903955D0 (en) * 2019-03-22 2019-05-08 Gps International Ltd Force sensor and method of manufacture
JP2022078369A (ja) * 2019-03-25 2022-05-25 アルプスアルパイン株式会社 感圧部材及び圧力検出装置
WO2021102295A1 (fr) 2019-11-21 2021-05-27 Thomas Baer Systèmes et procédés de détection de foulées de course et de marche et de frappes de pied
FR3115743B1 (fr) * 2020-11-04 2024-03-29 Faurecia Automotive Ind Pièce de revêtement pour véhicule automobile comprenant un capteur de pression
GB2628117A (en) * 2023-03-14 2024-09-18 Infi Tex Ltd Flexible pressure sensors, conductive transfers, and methods of manufacture for such

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4317012A (en) * 1979-04-26 1982-02-23 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Display board type switching device
JPS6088334A (ja) * 1983-10-19 1985-05-18 Nippon Denso Co Ltd 圧力検出器
JPS61178243A (ja) * 1985-01-31 1986-08-09 Nippon Denso Co Ltd 車両用フツトペダルセンサ
JPH02193030A (ja) * 1988-12-20 1990-07-30 Ricoh Co Ltd 圧力検出素子
US4996511A (en) * 1988-05-09 1991-02-26 Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd. Pressure-sensitive resistance element
US5431064A (en) * 1992-09-18 1995-07-11 Home Row, Inc. Transducer array
US5510812A (en) * 1994-04-22 1996-04-23 Hasbro, Inc. Piezoresistive input device
EP1492136A1 (fr) * 2003-06-23 2004-12-29 IEE International Electronics & Engineering S.A.R.L. Capteur de pression du type à feuilles
RU2256967C1 (ru) * 2004-02-03 2005-07-20 Кольцова Анастасия Андриановна Электроактивный полимер и материал на его основе

Family Cites Families (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4489302A (en) * 1979-09-24 1984-12-18 Eventoff Franklin Neal Electronic pressure sensitive force transducer
JPS60205327A (ja) * 1984-03-30 1985-10-16 Toshiba Corp 把みセンサ
JPS60218045A (ja) * 1984-04-13 1985-10-31 Toshiba Corp 把みセンサ
US4763534A (en) * 1985-01-31 1988-08-16 Robert G. Fulks Pressure sensing device
JP2596792B2 (ja) * 1988-06-08 1997-04-02 株式会社リケン 電動開閉装置の挟み込み検出装置
US4983786A (en) * 1990-01-17 1991-01-08 The University Of British Columbia XY velocity controller
US5060527A (en) * 1990-02-14 1991-10-29 Burgess Lester E Tactile sensing transducer
US5159159A (en) * 1990-12-07 1992-10-27 Asher David J Touch sensor and controller
DE4237072C1 (de) * 1992-11-03 1993-12-02 Daimler Benz Ag Resistiver Foliendrucksensor
US5695859A (en) * 1995-04-27 1997-12-09 Burgess; Lester E. Pressure activated switching device
WO1997016834A1 (fr) * 1995-11-01 1997-05-09 Gre, Incorporated Lame de capteur a piezoluminescence comprenant une couche piezoresistive
US5986221A (en) * 1996-12-19 1999-11-16 Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. Membrane seat weight sensor
US6121869A (en) * 1999-09-20 2000-09-19 Burgess; Lester E. Pressure activated switching device
JP2002241591A (ja) * 2001-02-15 2002-08-28 Hitachi Chem Co Ltd 外部刺激応答材組成物及びフィルム状外部刺激応答材
LU90783B1 (en) * 2001-05-28 2003-05-09 Ie Internat Electronics & Engi Foil-type switching element
US7019734B2 (en) * 2002-07-17 2006-03-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Resistive touch sensor having microstructured conductive layer
US6987232B2 (en) * 2003-07-14 2006-01-17 Bed-Check Corporation Sensor and method for detecting a patient's movement via position and occlusion
EP1544048A1 (fr) * 2003-12-17 2005-06-22 IEE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRONICS & ENGINEERING S.A. Dispositif de classification d'occupation d'un siege de vehicule
DE102004002479B4 (de) * 2004-01-16 2007-12-27 Siemens Ag Schaltungsanordnung zur Sitzbelegungserkennung und Gurtwarnung in einem Kraftfahrzeug
DE102004055469A1 (de) * 2004-11-17 2006-05-24 Siemens Ag Sensor mit verformungsabhängigem Widerstandswert
EP1683684A1 (fr) * 2005-01-21 2006-07-26 IEE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRONICS & ENGINEERING S.A. Détecteur vérifiable de l'occupation d'un siège

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4317012A (en) * 1979-04-26 1982-02-23 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Display board type switching device
JPS6088334A (ja) * 1983-10-19 1985-05-18 Nippon Denso Co Ltd 圧力検出器
JPS61178243A (ja) * 1985-01-31 1986-08-09 Nippon Denso Co Ltd 車両用フツトペダルセンサ
US4996511A (en) * 1988-05-09 1991-02-26 Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd. Pressure-sensitive resistance element
JPH02193030A (ja) * 1988-12-20 1990-07-30 Ricoh Co Ltd 圧力検出素子
US5431064A (en) * 1992-09-18 1995-07-11 Home Row, Inc. Transducer array
US5510812A (en) * 1994-04-22 1996-04-23 Hasbro, Inc. Piezoresistive input device
EP1492136A1 (fr) * 2003-06-23 2004-12-29 IEE International Electronics & Engineering S.A.R.L. Capteur de pression du type à feuilles
RU2256967C1 (ru) * 2004-02-03 2005-07-20 Кольцова Анастасия Андриановна Электроактивный полимер и материал на его основе

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
LACHINOV A N ET AL: "New effects in electroactive polymers: New basics for sensors", SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A, ELSEVIER SEQUOIA S.A., LAUSANNE, CH, vol. 53, no. 1, May 1996 (1996-05-01), pages 319 - 324, XP004018165, ISSN: 0924-4247 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 009, no. 232 (P - 389) 18 September 1985 (1985-09-18) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 014, no. 477 (P - 1118) 17 October 1990 (1990-10-17) *
ZHEREBOV ET AL: "Metal phase in electroactive polymer induced by uniaxial pressure", SYNTHETIC METALS, ELSEVIER SEQUOIA, LAUSANNE, CH, vol. 84, no. 1-3, January 1997 (1997-01-01), pages 735 - 736, XP005261336, ISSN: 0379-6779 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108139775A (zh) * 2015-10-02 2018-06-08 微软技术许可有限责任公司 具有传感器的可折叠设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2007107525A1 (fr) 2007-09-27
WO2007107523A1 (fr) 2007-09-27
WO2007107522A1 (fr) 2007-09-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2007107524A1 (fr) Dispositif commutateur à commande par pression et capteur de pression associé
EP1835271A1 (fr) Interrupteur commandé par une pression et capteur de pression associé
US8210994B2 (en) Pressure sensor and boxing machine using the same
US5578765A (en) Transducer array
US9904395B2 (en) Pressure sensor comprising first pressure sensitive element and second pressure sensitive element
EP2924406B1 (fr) Capteur de charge
JP2013068563A (ja) 圧力センサ
JP2014228454A (ja) 圧力センサ
CN102037531B (zh) 薄膜开关薄膜
JP2018115873A (ja) センサシート
KR101717062B1 (ko) 고감도 터치 압력 검출 장치
WO2013146995A1 (fr) Capteur de pression et module de capteur de pression
KR20170126302A (ko) 압력 센서 소자 및 압력 센서 소자 제조 방법
EP1968360A1 (fr) Procédé de fabrication d'un circuit imprimé flexible
JP2013068562A (ja) 圧力センサ
US20110114374A1 (en) Electrode plate with conductive coat and panel-type input device
JP2019138690A (ja) 圧力センサ
EP0658753A1 (fr) Réseau de transducteurs
JP7710535B2 (ja) 感圧センサユニット
KR102565808B1 (ko) 민감도 제어가 가능한 자기 유변 탄성체 기반 스트레인 게이지와 이를 포함하는 감지장치
JP7331557B2 (ja) 触覚センサ
KR102677433B1 (ko) 발열체
JP2020016550A (ja) センサシート及びその製造方法
WO2007093489A3 (fr) Dispositif d'entree de donnees a codage de sens d'activation
CN115371859A (zh) 一种应力传感器及其制备方法、应力传感装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 07727010

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 07727010

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1