[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2007105291A1 - Pile a combustible - Google Patents

Pile a combustible Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2007105291A1
WO2007105291A1 PCT/JP2006/304877 JP2006304877W WO2007105291A1 WO 2007105291 A1 WO2007105291 A1 WO 2007105291A1 JP 2006304877 W JP2006304877 W JP 2006304877W WO 2007105291 A1 WO2007105291 A1 WO 2007105291A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power generation
fuel cell
housing
fuel
generation unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2006/304877
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masami Tsutsumi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fujitsu Ltd
Original Assignee
Fujitsu Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fujitsu Ltd filed Critical Fujitsu Ltd
Priority to PCT/JP2006/304877 priority Critical patent/WO2007105291A1/fr
Publication of WO2007105291A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007105291A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
    • H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
    • H01M8/2475—Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
    • H01M8/248—Means for compression of the fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2455—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with liquid, solid or electrolyte-charged reactants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel cell, and more particularly to a configuration of a fuel cell with improved durability.
  • Recent portable information devices have been further reduced in size, weight, and functionality!
  • the battery used as a power source has steadily progressed in the small, light and high capacity.
  • the most common driving power source in current mobile phone devices is a lithium ion battery.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have a high driving voltage and battery capacity at the beginning of practical use, and performance improvements have been made in line with advances in mobile phone devices.
  • there are limits to improving the performance of lithium-ion batteries and lithium-ion batteries are no longer able to meet the demands for driving power sources for mobile phone devices that are becoming more sophisticated in the future.
  • a fuel cell supplies a fuel electrode (anode electrode) with fuel, generates electrons and protons (H +), and reacts the protons with oxygen supplied to an air electrode (force sword electrode).
  • This is a device that generates electricity. Electrons generated at the anode move to the power sword through the external circuit (conductor), and power can be taken out.
  • the anode electrode and the force sword electrode are placed facing each other with the electrolyte layer in between.
  • the structure of this power generation unit is called MEA (Membrane Electrode Assembly).
  • Patent Document 2 JP 2004-362849 A
  • the conventional method described above has a problem that the MEA multilayer structure is complicated and the manufacturing process of the fuel cell is increased.
  • an object of the present invention is to realize a structure capable of closely contacting the MEA during power generation with a simple structure.
  • a close contact holding means capable of closely holding the MEA power generation unit by an exothermic reaction during power generation is provided.
  • a housing is arranged facing the MEA, and the housing is made of a material that can be deformed as the temperature rises.
  • the housing material bends in the direction of pressing the MEA due to the exothermic reaction during power generation.
  • the MEA is fixed to the housing using a shape memory alloy panel, and the position of the housing material is changed in the direction of pressing the MEA due to the temperature rise during power generation.
  • the fuel cell comprises:
  • the close-contact holding means is a housing disposed to face the power generation unit, and the housing is made of a material that deforms as the temperature rises, for example, bimetal. Is done.
  • the housing may have irregularities on the surface.
  • the close-contact holding means presses and holds the power generation unit against the housing as the temperature rises, and the housing is arranged to face the power generation unit. And a shape memory alloy panel.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the appearance of a fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present invention and its cross-sectional structure.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a first configuration example of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a view showing a pressing state of the housing against the MEA when the housing surface is uneven.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the MEA of the fuel cell of FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a second configuration example of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing improved durability of the fuel cell of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 (a) is a schematic view showing an example of an external configuration of a fuel cell 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 1 (b) is a longitudinal sectional view thereof.
  • the fuel cell 10 is accommodated in a fuel cell casing 11 having openings 17 on the front surface and the back surface.
  • the fuel cell 10 includes a fuel tank 13 that stores liquid fuel, a power generation unit (MEA) 15, and a vaporization unit that vaporizes the liquid fuel and supplies the fuel to the MEAl 5 in a gas phase. 14 and a housing 12 holding MEA 15.
  • the liquid fuel is, for example, a 30% to 100% aqueous methanol solution, and preferably a 90% or higher aqueous methanol solution.
  • the vaporization section 14 is a vaporized film formed of a non-porous material having methanol permeability, such as a perfluorosulfonic acid material, a perfluorosulfonic acid material having a carboxyl group, a silicone material, or a polyimide material ( And a mask layer with an opening (not shown) for preventing and holding the vaporized film from being deformed.
  • MEA 15 includes an electrolyte layer 23 and a pair of electrodes 21 and 22 sandwiching the electrolyte layer 23.
  • the fuel electrode (anode electrode) 21 located on the fuel tank 13 side oxidizes the fuel supplied in the vapor phase from the vaporization section 14 to extract protons and electrons. That is, the anode electrode is an electrode on the side where the fuel is oxidized.
  • the generated protons are transported to the air electrode (force sword electrode) 22 located on the opposite side of the fuel tank 13 through the electrolyte layer 23 formed of an ionic conductor having no electronic conductivity.
  • the force sword electrode 22 generates water (steam) from ions generated by reducing oxygen and electrons and protons generated at the anode electrode 21. That is, the force sword electrode 22 is an electrode on the side which reduces at least oxygen as an active substance.
  • the fuel housing 11 has an opening 17 so that outside air can be introduced into the force sword electrode 22.
  • the fuel cell housing 11 has the openings 17 on the front and the back because it employs a series configuration in which the MEAs 15 are arranged on both sides of the fuel tank 13, respectively.
  • the opening 17 may be provided on either the front side or the back side.
  • Leads (not shown) are connected to the anode electrode 21 and the force sword electrode 22 of each MEA 15, and supply electrons generated by the anode electrode 21 to an external circuit.
  • the housing 12 fixes the MEA 15 during power generation to prevent the MEA 15 from peeling off from repeated discharge.
  • the housing 12 is made of a bimetal material. In addition to this, any material may be used as long as it can be deformed as the temperature rises.
  • the housing 12 is arranged to face each of the MEAs 15 located on both sides of the fuel tank 13.
  • the corner portion of each housing 12 is pressed against the casing 11 or the other housing 12 by a bolt or the like (not shown).
  • the temperature of the MEA 15 and its vicinity increases due to an exothermic reaction.
  • the bimetal material is brought into close contact with the MEA 15 by bending in the direction in which the MEA 15 is pressed due to a temperature rise with a large curvature coefficient due to a temperature change. That is, the electrolyte layer 23, the fuel electrode 21, and the air electrode 22 are pressed and brought into close contact with each other.
  • a nanometal is a plate-like member in which two or more metals or alloys having different thermal expansion coefficients are bonded together.
  • two types of metal plates with different coefficients of thermal expansion are made by adding manganese, chromium, copper, etc. to an alloy of iron and nickel, and bonded together by cold rolling.
  • the housing 12 is set so that the metal (or alloy) with the higher thermal expansion coefficient is located on the side in contact with the MEA 15.
  • FIG. 3 is a view showing a pressing state of the housing 12 against the MEA 15 when the surface of the bimetallic housing 12 is provided with irregularities.
  • the bimetal housing 12 may have a flat surface as shown in Fig. 2. However, by providing irregularities on the surface as shown in Fig. 3, the adhesion spot for MEA15 with respect to 15 is increased and the adhesion effect is further enhanced. Can do.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the MEA 15.
  • the MEA 15 has a fuel electrode (anode electrode) 21 on one side of the electrolyte layer 23 and an air electrode (force sword electrode) 22 on the other side.
  • an anode catalyst layer 21a and an anode current collector 21b are laminated in this order from the electrolyte layer 23 side.
  • the anode catalyst layer 21a is made of a porous conductive material such as carbon paper containing fine particles of an alloy made of a transition metal such as platinum (Pt) or platinum and ruthenium (Ru), carbon powder, and high molecules forming the electrolyte layer 23. The film is applied and filled.
  • the anode current collector 21b also has a metal mesh force such as SUS and Ni, and efficiently takes out the electrons generated in the anode catalyst layer 21a.
  • the force sword electrode 22 is laminated in the order of the force sword catalyst layer 22a and the force sword current collector 22b from the electrolyte layer 23 side. Similar to the anode catalyst layer 21a, the force sword catalyst layer 22a is composed of alloy fine particles made of a transition metal such as platinum (Pt), carbon powder, and a polymer that forms the electrolyte layer 23, such as carbon paper. A porous conductive film is applied and filled.
  • the force sword current collector 22b also has a metal mesh force such as SUS or Ni, and efficiently supplies electrons to the force sword catalyst layer 22a.
  • the electrolyte layer 23 is a polyperfluorosulfonic acid polymer (resin) membrane represented by a Nafion membrane manufactured by DuPont.
  • the electrolyte layer 23 itself is easily bent by the power generation of the MEA 15. This deflection causes the MEA 15 to peel off, but as shown in Fig. 2, the housing 21 that holds the MEA 15 is made of bimetal to maintain the introduction of air into the air electrode 22 while generating power. MEA can be pressed and held inside.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a second configuration example for fixing the MEA 15 during power generation.
  • MEA15 is held against Nosing 32 using shape memory alloy panel 18. To do.
  • a shape memory alloy is a material that returns to its original shape when heated even if it is deformed by applying a force at a temperature below the transformation point after processing the material into a certain shape and applying an appropriate heat treatment. have. Therefore, even if the panel in the compressed state is processed into the original shape with a shape memory alloy and then deformed at room temperature to extend the entire length of the panel, the original compressed shape is restored due to the increase in environmental temperature. Return.
  • the MEA 15 is held against the nosing 32 by the shape memory alloy panel 18 deformed at room temperature.
  • the housing 32 in FIG. 5 does not need to be made of bimetal, and for example, an appropriate material such as SUS or ceramics is used.
  • the shape memory alloy vane 18 When the temperature rises due to the discharge of the MEA 15 during power generation of the fuel cell, the shape memory alloy vane 18 returns to its original compressed shape, and a force is applied in the direction in which the gusset 12 is pressed against the MEA 15. . By this pressing force, the fuel electrode, the air electrode, and the electrolyte layer can be brought into close contact with each other, and peeling can be prevented.
  • the MEA 15 can be held in close contact with each other even when the discharge accompanying the power generation of the fuel cell is repeated. Can be improved.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing improvement in durability of the fuel cell of the present invention.
  • the horizontal axis of the graph is the number of repetitions, and the vertical axis is the discharge capacity.
  • a square mark indicates a discharge capacity when the bimetallic housing 12 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is used, and a diamond mark indicates a discharge capacity when a general SUS304 housing is used.
  • the fuel cell using the bimetal housing 12 as in the present embodiment has a substantially constant discharge capacity even after repeated discharges 50 times, and exhibits good durability.
  • the bimetal housing 12 bends and presses in the direction in which the air electrode 22 is brought into close contact with the electrolyte layer 23 as the temperature rises with the power generation of the fuel cell, so that the MEA 15 is prevented from being peeled off.
  • the durability of the fuel cell can be dramatically improved.
  • the same effect can be obtained when the shape memory alloy panel is used.
  • an opening may be formed in the force housing 12 in which the housing 12 is installed independently of the fuel cell casing 11 and used as a part of the casing. Further, when the housing is used independently of the fuel cell casing 11 having the opening 17, the opening may be formed in the housing 12 itself.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

On cherche à réaliser une structure d'architecture simple permettant un contact étroit de MEA pendant la production de courant. La présente invention concerne une pile à combustible comprenant une partie de production de courant (15) ayant une couche d'électrolyte (23) et, disposées de façon opposée par rapport à la couche d'électrolyte interposée entre, une électrode d'anode (21) et une électrode de cathode (23), et comprenant des moyens de mise en contact étroit (12) pour réaliser de façon mécanique un contact étroit et retenir la structure laminée au moyen d'une réaction exothermique pendant la production de courant de la partie de production de courant.
PCT/JP2006/304877 2006-03-13 2006-03-13 Pile a combustible Ceased WO2007105291A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2006/304877 WO2007105291A1 (fr) 2006-03-13 2006-03-13 Pile a combustible

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2006/304877 WO2007105291A1 (fr) 2006-03-13 2006-03-13 Pile a combustible

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007105291A1 true WO2007105291A1 (fr) 2007-09-20

Family

ID=38509142

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2006/304877 Ceased WO2007105291A1 (fr) 2006-03-13 2006-03-13 Pile a combustible

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2007105291A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009117326A (ja) * 2007-11-05 2009-05-28 Hyundai Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池スタック用エンドプレートおよびその製造方法
WO2010038869A1 (fr) * 2008-10-02 2010-04-08 日本特殊陶業株式会社 Batterie de piles à combustible à oxyde solide
JP2010153240A (ja) * 2008-12-25 2010-07-08 Sharp Corp 燃料電池
JP2010541135A (ja) * 2007-09-25 2010-12-24 オングストローム パワー インク． 燃料電池カバー
US8628890B2 (en) 2004-05-04 2014-01-14 Societe Bic Electrochemical cells having current-carrying structures underlying electrochemical reaction layers
US9673476B2 (en) 2007-09-25 2017-06-06 Intelligent Energy Limited Fuel cell systems including space-saving fluid plenum and related methods

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4522205Y1 (fr) * 1966-02-03 1970-09-03
JPS61285676A (ja) * 1985-06-13 1986-12-16 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池
JPS6255874U (fr) * 1985-09-27 1987-04-07
JPS6223022Y2 (fr) * 1981-05-21 1987-06-11
JPH0620294Y2 (ja) * 1987-04-14 1994-05-25 三菱重工業株式会社 固体電解質燃料電池
JPH06231794A (ja) * 1993-02-03 1994-08-19 Hitachi Ltd 積層型燃料電池
JPH10284108A (ja) * 1997-03-31 1998-10-23 Toyota Motor Corp 固体電解質と、これを用いた燃料電池、水素ポンプ、酸素濃度センサおよび水蒸気濃度センサ
JP2000106201A (ja) * 1998-09-30 2000-04-11 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池
JP2003075403A (ja) * 2001-09-03 2003-03-12 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd ガスセンサ

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4522205Y1 (fr) * 1966-02-03 1970-09-03
JPS6223022Y2 (fr) * 1981-05-21 1987-06-11
JPS61285676A (ja) * 1985-06-13 1986-12-16 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池
JPS6255874U (fr) * 1985-09-27 1987-04-07
JPH0620294Y2 (ja) * 1987-04-14 1994-05-25 三菱重工業株式会社 固体電解質燃料電池
JPH06231794A (ja) * 1993-02-03 1994-08-19 Hitachi Ltd 積層型燃料電池
JPH10284108A (ja) * 1997-03-31 1998-10-23 Toyota Motor Corp 固体電解質と、これを用いた燃料電池、水素ポンプ、酸素濃度センサおよび水蒸気濃度センサ
JP2000106201A (ja) * 1998-09-30 2000-04-11 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池
JP2003075403A (ja) * 2001-09-03 2003-03-12 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd ガスセンサ

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8628890B2 (en) 2004-05-04 2014-01-14 Societe Bic Electrochemical cells having current-carrying structures underlying electrochemical reaction layers
US9017892B2 (en) 2004-05-04 2015-04-28 Societe Bic Electrochemical cells having current-carrying structures underlying electrochemical reaction layers
JP2010541135A (ja) * 2007-09-25 2010-12-24 オングストローム パワー インク． 燃料電池カバー
US9673476B2 (en) 2007-09-25 2017-06-06 Intelligent Energy Limited Fuel cell systems including space-saving fluid plenum and related methods
JP2009117326A (ja) * 2007-11-05 2009-05-28 Hyundai Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池スタック用エンドプレートおよびその製造方法
WO2010038869A1 (fr) * 2008-10-02 2010-04-08 日本特殊陶業株式会社 Batterie de piles à combustible à oxyde solide
US20110171554A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2011-07-14 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Solid oxide fuel cell apparatus
JP5519491B2 (ja) * 2008-10-02 2014-06-11 日本特殊陶業株式会社 固体酸化物形燃料電池
US9123936B2 (en) 2008-10-02 2015-09-01 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Solid oxide fuel cell apparatus
JP2010153240A (ja) * 2008-12-25 2010-07-08 Sharp Corp 燃料電池

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP5438900B2 (ja) 電気化学的装置
JP5127770B2 (ja) スタック及びこれを備えた燃料電池発電システム
US7875405B2 (en) Side-by-side fuel cells
US8663870B2 (en) Electrochemical device comprising linked bonded bodies
JP4781626B2 (ja) 燃料電池
WO2003088399A1 (fr) Batterie de piles a combustible, dispositif electrique, ordinateur portable et procede de commande d'une batterie de piles a combustible
JP2006253135A (ja) 燃料電池用スタック，および燃料電池用スタックを用いる燃料電池システム
JPWO2004075331A1 (ja) 燃料電池およびその製造方法
WO2007105291A1 (fr) Pile a combustible
Jaouen et al. Adhesive copper films for an air-breathing polymer electrolyte fuel cell
JP5235581B2 (ja) 燃料電池セパレータ
WO2008105790A9 (fr) Systèmes de piles à combustible augmentés par des appareils à ultrasons et procédés d'utilisation
JP2004214040A (ja) 燃料電池
JP2005353561A (ja) 燃料電池
JP2005340158A (ja) 燃料電池モジュール
US20080152980A1 (en) Membrane electrode assembly, method of producing the membrane electrode assembly, and fuel cell using the membrane electrode assembly
CN100463265C (zh) 单极的膜电极组件
Baek et al. Development of foldable air-breathing polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for power sources of next-generation flexible electronics
CN100438171C (zh) 复合膜及燃料电池
US20070048584A1 (en) Fuel cell
JP2007273433A (ja) セルユニット、セル接続方法、及び、燃料電池
JP2006520995A (ja) 電気化学エネルギー源およびそのようなエネルギー源を内蔵する電子装置
KR20140088884A (ko) 수동 직접 메탄올 연료전지의 제조방법 및 수동 직접 메탄올 연료전지
JP2006107819A (ja) 電源装置
KR20090095642A (ko) 연료전지

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 06715600

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 06715600

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP