WO2007105070A1 - Procede et dispositif d’ εchauffement par micro-ondes - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif d’ εchauffement par micro-ondes Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007105070A1 WO2007105070A1 PCT/IB2007/000597 IB2007000597W WO2007105070A1 WO 2007105070 A1 WO2007105070 A1 WO 2007105070A1 IB 2007000597 W IB2007000597 W IB 2007000597W WO 2007105070 A1 WO2007105070 A1 WO 2007105070A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- product
- irradiation zone
- zone
- displacement
- infrared radiation
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/66—Circuits
- H05B6/68—Circuits for monitoring or control
- H05B6/688—Circuits for monitoring or control for thawing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B2/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
- A23B2/80—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
- A23B2/82—Thawing subsequent to freezing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/70—Feed lines
- H05B6/704—Feed lines using microwave polarisers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/78—Arrangements for continuous movement of material
- H05B6/782—Arrangements for continuous movement of material wherein the material moved is food
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B40/00—Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods and devices for heating products by microwaves, that is to say by irradiating the products with an electromagnetic wave whose frequency is suitable for stirring certain molecules contained in the product.
- Microwave ovens are usually part of the equipment of private and professional kitchens.
- Electromagnetic waves are generated by a magnetron and are brought by a waveguide into the cooking chamber.
- the magnetron generally comprises a cylindrical anode composed of resonant cavities, and a heating cathode which releases electrons into the vacuum interaction space between the cathode and the anode. Magnets accelerate the electrons in the interaction space, and a continuous electric field is applied between the anode and the cathode. The movement of the electrons around the cathode generates electromagnetic oscillations in the resonant cavities. Part of the electromagnetic waves thus generated is taken by the waveguide, which leads them to the cooking chamber.
- the dimensions of the cavities of the anode are chosen so that the electromagnetic waves emitted have a frequency of 2450 MHz.
- Water molecules which are dipolar in nature, that is to say with a barycentre of negative charges different from the barycentre of positive charges, tend to orient themselves by following the electric field composing the electromagnetic waves present in the cooking cavity. Because of the alternative nature of these electromagnetic waves, the water molecules are thus oriented successively in one direction and then in the other at the speed of variation of the electromagnetic wave, that is to say oscillating 4 billion. 900 million times per second.
- the electromagnetic waves generated by a magnetron travel the entire cooking chamber by reflecting on the walls of the enclosure, and enter randomly into the walls. products placed inside the cooking chamber. It is thus electromagnetic waves called "multimode".
- the absorbed power P in the product depends on the intensity of the electric field E to which the product is subjected, its frequency f, and the dielectric loss factor ⁇ "characteristic of the material constituting the product, according to the approximate formula:
- a difficulty is the heterogeneous nature of the product irradiated by the microwaves: certain zones of the product may have a dielectric loss factor greater than other zones of the product, depending on various parameters such as the nature of the product. product, its temperature, its physical state frozen or thawed.
- Another difficulty results from the reflection of electromagnetic waves, which do not penetrate the product and provide no heating, while being redirected to other areas of the cooking chamber and possibly to the magnetron with the risk of destroying it .
- an additional difficulty results from the very low dielectric loss factor of the water in the solid state, which necessitates the provision of longer defrosting cycles, in which periods of microwave irradiation and waiting periods without irradiation, in an attempt to avoid the appearance of a very significant heterogeneity between already defrosted areas and still frozen areas of the same product. It follows from these phenomena that microwave heat treatments are relatively slow.
- the document WO 82/00403 aims to accelerate the microwave thawing of frozen animal quarters, by applying a stream of cold air to the surface of the animal quarters, the cold air ensuring the cooling of the animal quarters. the surface of animal quarters and thus favoring the penetration of microwaves within the product.
- the microwaves used are of the multimode type, in an enclosure having a high reflectivity wall. Animal quarters are moved inside the enclosure, and can rotate to receive microwaves from multiple directions.
- the speed of heat treatment by such a device remains however insufficient, especially in the case of frozen products, and there is a significant risk of destruction of magnetrons because of the reflection of electromagnetic waves. It is found that it takes about 120 seconds to bring to a temperature of about 80 ° C., in a relatively homogeneous manner, a product such as a hamburger initially frozen at -18 ° C. Cooking requires additional time.
- the food is generally heated by contact with a hot surface such as a hot plate, a pan, a pan, or by infrared radiation by embers or electrical resistors. These heating techniques can be fast, but act mainly from the surface of the product, and thus cause a more intense heating of the surface.
- the heart of the product receives the heat energy by conduction from the surface, and thus receives a less intense heating. This still results in a limit in the speed of heat treatment if one wants to avoid too much heterogeneity of treatment between the surface of the product and the core of the product.
- the problem proposed by the present invention is to substantially increase the speed of heat treatment of products such as foods, including foods that are initially in the frozen state, to bring them to a thawed state and fit for consumption.
- the invention also aims to enable the automation of heat treatment.
- the goal is for example to cook an initially frozen hamburger at -18 ° C, thawing and cooking being done in less than a minute.
- the invention results from the idea of using the abrupt and significant variation of the factor of dielectric losses of water at the transition from its solid state to its liquid state.
- the dielectric loss factor of pure frozen water is 0.003.
- the usual frozen products have a water content that can range from 0% to 95%. It is therefore possible that their dielectric loss factor in the frozen state varies considerably.
- Frozen food products can thus generally have a factor of dielectric losses ranging from 0.1 to 1.8, depending on the presence of salts, the nature of the dry matter, etc. In the thawed state, the same food products have a dielectric loss factor also variable, averaging about 14.
- the dielectric loss factor of a food product changes from a value of 1, 6 in the frozen state to a value of about 14 in the thawed state.
- the use of this phenomenon is organized by the application of monomode microwaves in a reduced area of product which itself moves appropriately in direction and in speed.
- the invention provides a microwave heating method for thawing and heat treating a frozen product, comprising at least one step of defrosting during wherein a portion of the product is placed in an irradiation zone subjected to monomode electromagnetic radiation with superposition of opposite wave trains and relative displacement of the irradiation zone and the product relative to the other so that the irradiation zone travels all the frozen product and in a speed and a direction such that the irradiated portion of product continuously extends, during said movement, on either side of a border between a zone already thawed of irradiated portion of product and an adjacent frozen area of irradiated portion of product.
- said at least one irradiated portion of product contains a moving boundary located at each instant between a thawed zone of irradiated portion of product and a still frozen area of irradiated portion of product.
- a moving boundary located at each instant between a thawed zone of irradiated portion of product and a still frozen area of irradiated portion of product.
- the moving boundary takes the form of the irradiation zone, and is generally rectilinear.
- the thawed area of irradiated product portion has a high dielectric loss factor, which thus concentrates the transformation of electromagnetic waves into heat energy, which locally raises the temperature of the product in the thawed area of irradiated product portion.
- the heat present in the thawed portion of the irradiated product portion propagates across the boundary into the adjacent, still frozen area of irradiated portion of product, causing it to thaw.
- the boundary thus tends to move naturally to the still frozen portion of the product, and away from the product portion which previously constituted the thawed portion of the irradiated portion of product.
- the irradiation zone is displaced with respect to the product (or, which amounts to the same, the product with respect to the irradiation zone) by following, in direction and speed, the natural displacement of the border.
- the energy of the electromagnetic waves is used to warm the only zone Thawed adjacent to the boundary, and thus, by thermal conduction along a short path, rapidly defrost the frozen zone adjacent to the boundary.
- the thawing of the product is thus very substantially accelerated, by combining a large absorption of the electromagnetic waves in the thawed zone of irradiated product portion, and a rapid thermal conduction towards the still frozen zone of irradiated portion of product.
- the extent of the thawed portion of the irradiated portion of the product is limited to the area immediately adjacent to the border with the frozen portion of the irradiated portion of product, which is made possible by single-mode electromagnetic radiation whose energy is concentrated on a narrow zone of product on either side of the boundary between the thawed portion and the still frozen portion. This avoids unnecessarily heating the thawed areas farther from the border, areas that would not have a significant effect of heat conduction to areas still frozen.
- the irradiation zone has an elongated shape in an elongation direction, defining a boundary line between the thawed zone and the adjacent frozen product zone.
- the relative displacement of the irradiation zone and the product is transverse to the direction of elongation.
- the electromagnetic radiation propagates in the irradiation zone in a direction of propagation substantially perpendicular to the direction of elongation and the direction of the relative displacement.
- the irradiation zone has, in the direction of elongation, a length substantially equal to a corresponding first dimension of the product to be treated;
- the irradiation zone has, in the direction of movement, a width less than its length and significantly less than the size of the product to be treated in the same direction of displacement.
- the irradiation zone is fixed and the product is mobile.
- the faces of the product receiving the electromagnetic waves are generally subjected to additional heating, which can cause a flow of liquids or greases.
- additional heating can cause a flow of liquids or greases.
- the problems of reflection of the electromagnetic waves towards the magnetron can be solved by providing that, during the relative displacement of the irradiation zone and the product, the injected electromagnetic power is adapted to the size and to the dielectric properties of the irradiated portion of the product. to be treated, so as to ensure permanently in the irradiated portion control of the power density, preferably at a level substantially equal to or slightly different from the absorbable power density of the irradiated portion of the product.
- the regulation of the power density can be effected by varying the relative speed of displacement between the irradiation zone and the product and / or by the variation of the global electromagnetic power injected.
- the invention provides for applying the above method to the treatment of products to be thawed, baked and grilled on the surface.
- the product is exposed to at least one infrared radiation.
- This pretreatment with infrared radiation when it is applied to products such as meat products, by heating their surface to more than about 208 0 C, produces a crust which is both an aesthetic element by its browning, and a protective element which encloses the heart of the product and subsequently avoids drying out during irradiation by microwaves during step b) of heating.
- the surface area thus treated by infrared is a superficial zone substantially transparent to microwaves, which further promotes microwave core heating of the product.
- the infrared radiation (s) may be applied to the product in the vicinity of the irradiation zone, resulting in a scanning infrared application according to the relative displacement of the product.
- the infrared radiation (s) can be applied simultaneously over the entire surface of the product.
- the product is exposed to short wave infrared radiation and long wave infrared radiation.
- the short infrared waves dry a surface film of the product, while the long infrared waves act on a greater depth and thus increase warming of the superficial zone of the product.
- an air stream is generated to evacuate the evaporated water and dry the product surface.
- This arrangement further improves the quality and effectiveness of the surface crust.
- it is best to keep the product in shape and position.
- the invention proposes a microwave heating device for carrying out the above method, and comprising:
- radiation generation means for generating, in at least one irradiation zone, monomode electromagnetic radiation with wave trains propagating in opposite directions in a direction of propagation,
- displacement means for ensuring the relative displacement of the irradiation zone and the product to be treated in a direction of displacement transverse to the direction of propagation of the radiation, and at a speed appropriate to follow the movement of a boundary between defrosted zone and still frozen zone of the product to be treated.
- the irradiation zone preferably has an elongated shape in an elongation direction
- the displacement means produce a relative displacement in a direction of displacement transverse to the direction of elongation
- ways radiation generation generates monomode electromagnetic radiation with a direction of propagation substantially perpendicular to the direction of elongation and the direction of travel.
- the device comprises means for controlling the power density injected into the product, for injecting preferably a power density permanently substantially equal to or slightly different from the absorbable power density of the product.
- the means for regulating the injected power density may comprise means for controlling the overall electromagnetic power and / or the speed of movement of the product to be treated with respect to the irradiation zone, so as to permanently adapt the power overall electromagnetic and / or velocity as a function of volume and dielectric properties of the irradiated portion of the product.
- the device further comprises means for generating infrared radiation for applying infrared radiation to the surface of the product upstream of the irradiation zone or zones.
- the infrared radiation generating means may be arranged to apply infrared radiation simultaneously over the entire surface of the product, preferably with suction and / or air circulation means for drying the surface of the product. exposed to infrared radiation.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the variation of the factor of dielectric losses as a function of temperature, for distilled water and for some other usual foods
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a microwave heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a cross-section of the perspective view of FIG. 2 taken diagonally along the plane I-1;
- FIGS. 4 to 7 illustrate four successive steps in the operation of the device of FIGS. 2 and 3, during a microwave heating process according to one embodiment of the invention;
- - Figure 8 illustrates in perspective the defrosting method according to the invention applied to a disc-shaped product;
- the microwave heating device comprises radiation means for generating a monomode electromagnetic radiation in an irradiation zone 1 , means for holding products to be treated 2, and displacement means 3 to ensure the relative displacement of the product to be treated and the irradiation zone 1.
- the device is adapted to process a product 4.
- the product 4 is in the form of a disk (FIG. 8), which will be held in a vertical plane of displacement, to apply a single-mode electromagnetic radiation in the irradiation zone 1 where the radiation propagates in the direction of the thickness "e" of the product 4.
- the radiation means for generating the single-mode electromagnetic radiation comprise a first generator assembly 5 and a second generator assembly 6, each adapted to generate a monomode electromagnetic radiation in a respective half of the irradiation zone 1: the first generator assembly 5 produces a single-mode electromagnetic radiation in the first half 1a of the irradiation zone 1, while the second generator set 6 produces a single-mode electromagnetic radiation in the second half 1b of the irradiation zone 1.
- the first generator set 5 comprises a magnetron 5a which, through an orifice 5b, introduces an electromagnetic wave into two opposite waveguides 5c and 5d in a half-ring of rectangular cross-section arranged symmetrically on each other on both sides. other of the vertical plane of displacement.
- the waveguides 5c and 5d each have a median plane of vertical symmetry perpendicular to the vertical plane of displacement.
- the waveguides 5c and 5d conduct the electromagnetic waves up to a convergence volume 1c which contains the corresponding radiation zone portion 1a and which itself has a parallelepipedal shape located between the respective two respective exit orifices 5e. and 5f ( Figure 3) rectangular waveguides 5c and 5d.
- the thickness E of the irradiation zone 1, or distance between the outlet orifices 5e and 5f, is little greater than the thickness of the product 4 that it is desired to treat.
- two wave trains coming from the waveguides 5c and 5d are superimposed, being in opposite directions and directed toward each other in the direction of propagation connecting the outlet ports 5e and 5f.
- the second generator set 6 has the same structure as the first generator set 5, with a magnetron 6a and two opposite waveguides 6c and 6d.
- the monomode electromagnetic radiation generating means may be of the type already described in US 4,775,770, which is cited here as a reference.
- the waveguides 5c and 5d are shaped, in known manner, so as to favor the propagation of a single mode of radiation.
- Such means for generating single-mode electromagnetic radiation produce a radiation whose intensity is maximum in the median plane of symmetry of the waveguides (illustrated by the elongation direction H-II in FIG. 4), and whose intensity decreases rapidly on both sides of the median plane of symmetry.
- the electromagnetic energy is concentrated essentially in the immediate vicinity of the median plane, which defines the position and the width of the irradiation zone 1 shown in dotted lines in FIG. 4. It will be considered that the irradiation zone 1 is defined. by the narrow portion of the convergence volume 1c which receives more than 60% of the energy of the single-mode electromagnetic radiation.
- the magnetrons work advantageously at a frequency of between 2 and 3 GHz, preferably at a frequency of 2.45 GHz.
- the means for holding products 2 to be treated comprise, in the illustrated embodiment, a carriage 2a cradle, having a cavity 2b adapted to receive and contain a product 4 to be treated, with an upper opening 2c for the introduction and the removal of the product 4 to be treated and with two open side faces and provided with 2d quartz retaining rods, on either side of the product
- the carriage 2a may be made of metal, or any other material suitable for supporting infrared radiation and microwave radiation.
- the displacement means 3 intended to ensure the relative displacement of the irradiation zone 1 and the product 4 to be treated, are adapted to guide the carriage 2a and the product 4 to be treated that it contains in sliding in a direction of relative displacement illustrated by the arrow 7, to scroll the product 4 to be treated in front of the irradiation zone 1.
- the displacement means 3 comprise upper guides 3a and lower guides 3b, and may include motorization means such as a 2nd cylinder to move the carriage 2a along the guides 3a and 3b at a suitable speed.
- the irradiation zone 1 has an elongated shape in the direction of elongation H-II, in the median plane of the waveguides 5c, 5d, 6c, 6d of the generator sets 5 and 6, and the displacement means 3 produce a relative displacement in a direction of displacement 7 which is transverse to the direction of elongation H-II.
- the irradiation zone 1 has, in the direction of elongation H-II, a length L1 substantially equal to the height of the product 4 to be treated.
- the irradiation zone 1 has, in the transverse direction which is in the median plane and perpendicular to the direction of displacement 7, a thickness E less than the thickness of the product 4 to be treated.
- This transverse direction of thickness E is also the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic waves in the irradiation zone 1. In that the electromagnetic wave is essentially concentrated near the median plane of symmetry containing the direction of elongation.
- the irradiation zone 1 has, in the direction of displacement 7, a reduced width L2, much smaller than the dimension of the product 4 to be treated in the direction of displacement 7.
- the irradiation zone 1 is fixed, and the moving means 3 move the product 4 to be treated with respect to the irradiation zone 1 which is fixed.
- the carriage 2a is urged by a second cylinder itself controlled by a control device 8.
- the device illustrated further comprises means for controlling the power density injected into the product to be treated.
- the reason is that the power density injected should preferably be substantially equal to the power that can absorb the product in the physical state in which it is, to prevent unabsorbed electromagnetic waves pass through the product and return magnetrons 5a and 6a, thus risking their destruction.
- the control device 8 also drives the magnetrons 5a and 6a, to which it is connected by respective control lines 5g and 6g, and the control device 8 is connected to the 2nd cylinder by a control line 2f.
- the Control device 8 is adapted to regulate the power density in the product so that it is permanently substantially equal to or slightly different from the absorbable power density of the product.
- control device 8 controls the overall electromagnetic power delivered by the magnetrons 5a and 6a to permanently adapt the overall electromagnetic power as a function of the volume and the dielectric properties of the irradiated portion of the product.
- control device 8 continuously adapts the speed of movement of the carriage 2a by the cylinder 2 as a function of the volume of product present in the irradiation zone 1: for a product form 4 disc such that illustrated in FIG. 4, it is understood that the volume of product increases from a zero volume when the product 4 is tangent to the irradiation zone 1 at the beginning of penetration of the product into the irradiation zone 1, and then increases until to reach a maximum when a diameter of the product is present in the irradiation zone 1, then decreases to zero when the product 4 again becomes tangent to the irradiation zone 1.
- the device 8 can vary the speed of movement of the carriage 2a, with a greater speed at the beginning of penetration of the product in the irradiation zone 1, then decreasing the speed as a larger volume.
- the product discharge is in the irradiation zone 1, then gradually increasing the speed until the product passes through the irradiation zone 1.
- the heating device further comprises means for generating an infrared radiation 9, for applying infrared radiation to the surface of the product 4 upstream of the irradiation zones 1, 1a and 1b.
- the means for generating infrared radiation 9 are controlled by the control means 8, to which they are connected by a control line 9c.
- the infrared radiation may be applied to only a portion of the surface of the product 4, as shown in the figures, or may advantageously be applied simultaneously to the entire surface of the product 4.
- the infrared radiation can be produced by infrared lamps 9a, 9b placed on either side of the guides 3a and 3b, upstream of the irradiation zone 1 in the direction of movement 7 of the carriage 2a, and vicinity of the irradiation zone 1.
- the infrared radiation lamps 9a and 9b may be strips arranged vertically, parallel to the main faces of the product 4 and perpendicular to the direction of travel 7 of the carriage 2a.
- the infrared radiation lamps 9a and 9b may successively comprise, in the direction of movement 7, first of all at least one shorter wave infrared radiation lamp, then at least one longer wave infrared radiation lamp.
- suction and / or air circulation means 10 for example a suction turbine connected to the zone occupied by the infrared radiation lamps 9a and 9b and connected to the irradiation zone. 1.
- the suction means 10 are controlled by the control means 8, to which they are connected by a control line 10a.
- the carriage 2a can advantageously be made of stainless steel. It may advantageously also comprise elements such as vertical quartz rods 2d, which are transparent to the electromagnetic waves during their passage through the irradiation zone 1, and which contribute to the maintenance of the shape and position of the product 4 during its treatment in the irradiation zone.
- vertical quartz rods 2d which are transparent to the electromagnetic waves during their passage through the irradiation zone 1, and which contribute to the maintenance of the shape and position of the product 4 during its treatment in the irradiation zone.
- a bare product 4 is treated, devoid of any packaging envelope.
- the carriage 2a is away from the irradiation zone 1, and can receive the product 4 to be treated by the upper opening 2c of the cavity 2b.
- the carriage 2a is then moved in the direction of displacement 7 towards the irradiation zone 1.
- the product 4 to be treated passes in front of the means for generating infrared radiation 9, which generate infrared radiation applied to the main faces of the product 4.
- the product 4 to be treated passes in front of the zone irradiation 1, and is thus subjected to electromagnetic waves producing its heating heart.
- the product 4 to be treated arrives at the end of passage in front of the irradiation zone 1, and thus the thawing step is completed.
- the movement illustrated in the successive figures 4 to 7 constitutes a first step a) of defrosting, during which the product 4 is partially irradiated by the monomode electromagnetic radiation generated. in the irradiation zone 1. Only a portion of the product 4 is irradiated in the irradiation zone 1, and a relative displacement of the irradiation zone 1 and the product 4 relative to one another is effected. such that the irradiated portion of product 4 continuously comprises at least one thawed portion of an irradiated portion of product and an adjacent frozen portion of an irradiated portion of product.
- step b) i.e., when the thawed product 4 has moved away from the irradiation zone 1, as illustrated in FIG. 7, a subsequent step b) can be undertaken.
- heating consisting in partially irradiating the product 4 by a single-mode electromagnetic radiation, by placing at least one irradiated portion of product in an irradiation zone such as the irradiation zone 1, and making a relative displacement of the zone irradiation and the product relative to the product to a predetermined temperature.
- the power delivered by the magnetrons during this second heating passage may be higher than the power delivered during the first thawing passage.
- Curve A corresponds to pure water
- curves B, C, D, E and F correspond respectively to cooked beef, raw beef, cooked carrots, mashed potatoes, cooked ham.
- a product containing water for example a food to be heat treated, has a very low dielectric losses.
- electromagnetic waves applied to the product tend to be reflected or pass through the product, and to return to the magnetrons.
- the larger dielectric loss factor allows a greater transformation of the electromagnetic energy into heat.
- the invention takes advantage of this phenomenon, by treating the product so as to permanently preserve, in the irradiation zone, at least a portion of thawed product that will concentrate the electromagnetic waves by heating and transmit this heating by conduction to the adjacent area not yet thawed.
- the disk-shaped product 4 has a thickness e and a diameter D. It is only partially contained in the irradiation zone 1 which itself has a parallelepipedal shape of height L1, of length L2, and of thickness E .
- the thickness E of the irradiation zone is greater than the thickness e of the product 4.
- the height L1 of the irradiation zone is greater than the diameter D of the product 4.
- the length L2 of the irradiation zone is clearly less than the diameter D of the product 4.
- the irradiation zone 1 has an elongate shape in a direction of elongation H-Il 1 vertical in FIG.
- the product 4 has, essentially along the direction of elongation H-II, a boundary F between a thawed part
- the product 4 is in the frozen state, entirely outside the irradiation zone 1. It is displaced in the direction illustrated by the arrow V.
- the electromagnetic waves propagate in the product 4, in the direction of its thickness e.
- the relative displacement between the irradiation zone 1 and the product 4 is effected in the direction of displacement V.
- the irradiation zone is elongated in the direction of elongation H-1.
- the application of single-mode electromagnetic waves makes it possible to concentrate in an irradiation zone 1 of width L 2 of about 12 mm on either side of the elongation direction H-II more than 60% of the energy of the electrodes.
- electromagnetic waves applied to the product 4 thus concentrating the energy so as to optimize the conduction phenomenon on either side of the boundary F, between the thawed zone 4a and the still frozen zone 4b of the product 4.
- the The heating process according to the invention is a hybrid heating process in which intrinsic heating by electromagnetic waves collaborates with conductive heating, permanently and controlled.
- the result is a very significant increase in the speed of the heat treatment, at least in the defrosting step. Compared to microwave heating without scanning, it is considered that the defrosting time according to the invention is reduced by 50%.
- pre-treatment by infrared accelerates this process even further, by carrying out a surface treatment of the product which both generates a crust that is relatively impervious and transparent to electromagnetic waves, with an already thawed portion of product underlayer underneath. crust.
- the waves are also absorbed by the defrosted product portion of the crust, which increases the length of the border zone between the thawed portion and the still frozen portion of product, thus ensuring an acceleration of the defrosting process. It was thus possible to achieve a very significant acceleration of the heat treatment of the product. For example, in less than 45 seconds, it has been possible to properly bake hamburgers previously frozen at -18 ° C, with the final state a surface crust of appropriate appearance and consistency, and with a proper cooking at heart.
- the hamburgers subject of this test initially had a weight of 113 grams, and a disc shape having a thickness of 12.5 millimeters. During their treatment according to the invention, they were arranged and moved as illustrated in the figures.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
- Freezing, Cooling And Drying Of Foods (AREA)
- Electric Ovens (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07733951A EP2003994A1 (fr) | 2006-03-13 | 2007-03-13 | Procede et dispositif d chauffement par micro-ondes |
| CA002647926A CA2647926A1 (fr) | 2006-03-13 | 2007-03-13 | Procede et dispositif d'echauffement par micro-ondes |
| JP2008558931A JP2009529867A (ja) | 2006-03-13 | 2007-03-13 | マイクロ波加熱方法及びデバイス |
| US12/282,683 US20090101639A1 (en) | 2006-03-13 | 2007-03-13 | Microwave heating method and device |
| MX2008011572A MX2008011572A (es) | 2006-03-13 | 2007-03-13 | Metodo y dispositivo de calentamiento por microondas. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0650846 | 2006-03-13 | ||
| FR0650846A FR2898461A1 (fr) | 2006-03-13 | 2006-03-13 | Procede et dispositif d'echauffement par micro-ondes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2007105070A1 true WO2007105070A1 (fr) | 2007-09-20 |
Family
ID=37450918
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2007/000597 Ceased WO2007105070A1 (fr) | 2006-03-13 | 2007-03-13 | Procede et dispositif d’ εchauffement par micro-ondes |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090101639A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2003994A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2009529867A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2647926A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2898461A1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MX2008011572A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2007105070A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012098183A1 (fr) * | 2011-01-21 | 2012-07-26 | Creative Heating Services Sa | Procédé pour fournir de l'énergie thermique directe et homogène à un substrat fluide |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3397296A (en) | 1964-06-02 | 1968-08-13 | Ass Elect Ind | Heating of substances by electrical energy at microwave frequencies |
| WO1982000403A1 (fr) * | 1980-08-11 | 1982-02-18 | Iverlund B | Procede de decongelation d'aliments congeles et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
| US4409453A (en) * | 1976-05-19 | 1983-10-11 | Smith Donald P | Combined microwave and impingement heating apparatus |
| US5153403A (en) * | 1988-06-06 | 1992-10-06 | Showa Denko K.K. | Process and apparatus for thawing frozen food |
| FR2722638A1 (fr) * | 1994-07-13 | 1996-01-19 | Marzat Claude | Dispositif applicateur de micro-ondes notamment pour la cuisson de produits sur un support metallique |
| WO2003079730A1 (fr) | 2002-03-20 | 2003-09-25 | Rimm Technologies Corporation N.V. | Procede et appareil combinant un champ micro-onde focalise et des moyens de translation |
| US20030209542A1 (en) * | 2002-05-13 | 2003-11-13 | Harris George M. | Apparatus and method for microwave processing of food products |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0136453B2 (fr) * | 1983-08-10 | 1992-08-26 | Snowdrift Corp. N.V. | Procédé et dispositif pour chauffer des objets au moyen de micro-ondes |
| JP2707452B2 (ja) * | 1988-06-06 | 1998-01-28 | 東海高熱工業株式会社 | 冷凍食品の解凍方法およびその装置 |
| JPH02198526A (ja) * | 1989-01-27 | 1990-08-07 | Toshiba Ceramics Co Ltd | 石英ガラス製調理器具 |
| FR2686401A1 (fr) * | 1992-01-17 | 1993-07-23 | Moulinex Sa | Machine de decongelation et de rechauffage d'une preparation alimentaire surgelee, et procede de chauffage s'y rapportant. |
| US7495196B2 (en) * | 2001-12-14 | 2009-02-24 | All-Clad Metalcrafters Llc | Food cooking or warming apparatus with self-regulating inductor |
-
2006
- 2006-03-13 FR FR0650846A patent/FR2898461A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-03-13 US US12/282,683 patent/US20090101639A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-03-13 EP EP07733951A patent/EP2003994A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-03-13 CA CA002647926A patent/CA2647926A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2007-03-13 WO PCT/IB2007/000597 patent/WO2007105070A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2007-03-13 MX MX2008011572A patent/MX2008011572A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-03-13 JP JP2008558931A patent/JP2009529867A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3397296A (en) | 1964-06-02 | 1968-08-13 | Ass Elect Ind | Heating of substances by electrical energy at microwave frequencies |
| US4409453A (en) * | 1976-05-19 | 1983-10-11 | Smith Donald P | Combined microwave and impingement heating apparatus |
| WO1982000403A1 (fr) * | 1980-08-11 | 1982-02-18 | Iverlund B | Procede de decongelation d'aliments congeles et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
| US5153403A (en) * | 1988-06-06 | 1992-10-06 | Showa Denko K.K. | Process and apparatus for thawing frozen food |
| FR2722638A1 (fr) * | 1994-07-13 | 1996-01-19 | Marzat Claude | Dispositif applicateur de micro-ondes notamment pour la cuisson de produits sur un support metallique |
| WO2003079730A1 (fr) | 2002-03-20 | 2003-09-25 | Rimm Technologies Corporation N.V. | Procede et appareil combinant un champ micro-onde focalise et des moyens de translation |
| US20030209542A1 (en) * | 2002-05-13 | 2003-11-13 | Harris George M. | Apparatus and method for microwave processing of food products |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2003994A1 (fr) | 2008-12-24 |
| FR2898461A1 (fr) | 2007-09-14 |
| US20090101639A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
| CA2647926A1 (fr) | 2007-09-20 |
| MX2008011572A (es) | 2008-10-29 |
| JP2009529867A (ja) | 2009-08-27 |
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