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WO2007101304A1 - Appareil échangeur de chaleur - Google Patents

Appareil échangeur de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007101304A1
WO2007101304A1 PCT/AU2007/000285 AU2007000285W WO2007101304A1 WO 2007101304 A1 WO2007101304 A1 WO 2007101304A1 AU 2007000285 W AU2007000285 W AU 2007000285W WO 2007101304 A1 WO2007101304 A1 WO 2007101304A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
air
water
heat exchange
exchange region
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AU2007/000285
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Graham Rowley
Michael Christopher Power
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AUSTRALIAN WATER CONDITIONERS Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
AUSTRALIAN WATER CONDITIONERS Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2006901172A external-priority patent/AU2006901172A0/en
Application filed by AUSTRALIAN WATER CONDITIONERS Pty Ltd filed Critical AUSTRALIAN WATER CONDITIONERS Pty Ltd
Priority to AU2007222890A priority Critical patent/AU2007222890A1/en
Priority to US12/281,911 priority patent/US20090301114A1/en
Publication of WO2007101304A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007101304A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
    • F28C1/08—Arrangements for recovering heat from exhaust steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
    • F28C2001/006—Systems comprising cooling towers, e.g. for recooling a cooling medium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchange apparatus of the type which transfers heat from a coolant or refrigerant to a fluid.
  • Air conditioners and industrial cooling towers operate using this principle. Air conditioning systems have an evaporator that removes heat from the internal air and transfers it to a refrigerant and a condenser that removes heat from the refrigerant and transfers the heat outdoors. Air cooled condensers use air to remove heat from the refrigerant. Water cooled condensers and water towers work on the principle of evaporative cooling.
  • the present invention will be described with particular reference to heat exchange apparatus of the cooling tower type. However it will be appreciated that the invention may apply to suitable type of heat exchange apparatus whereby a fluid is used to lower the temperature of a refrigerant or coolant.
  • Cooling towers are used to recycle cooling water used in an industrial process. Many processes such as refineries, steel mills, petrochemical and manufacturing plants, electric utilities and paper mills use equipment or processes that require temperature control. Cooling water provides this control. Cooling towers were designed to cool heated water such that it could be recycled. Cooling towers are also used in cooling systems in commercial buildings.
  • Cooling towers lower the temperature of water by contacting the water with ambient air resulting in partial evaporation of the water. The evaporation lowers the temperature of the water. The air containing evaporated water is exhausted into the atmosphere. The evaporated water leaves behind salts and other chemicals in the water which has not evaporated. This build up may lead to corrosion and scaling. In order to control the concentration of such chemicals, water is drawn or bled off for disposal. Fresh or make up water must be added to compensate for the loss of both evaporated and drawn off water. It is considered desirable to be able to reduce water loss from cooling towers.
  • an apparatus for transferring heat from a coolant to a fluid in a coolant recycling system including; a heat exchange region through which the fluid flows such that heat is transferred from the coolant to the fluid and a recycling loop for recycling the fluid flowing from the heat exchange region, whereby the fluid is cooled in the recycling loop before being returned to the heat exchange region.
  • the fluid may be a gas or a liquid and is typically air or water respectively.
  • the condenser is typically water or air cooled.
  • the fluid is air, emission of pollutants into the atmosphere may be decreased or even eliminated.
  • the fluid is air and the coolant is water.
  • coolant In the heat exchange region, heat is transferred from coolant to the fluid.
  • one of the coolant or fluid is a gas such as air and the other of the coolant or fluid is a liquid such as water
  • the coolant and fluid are typically in intimate contact.
  • the fluid and liquid are separated, for example one of the fluid or coolant may be circulated through a cooling coil, fin or the like.
  • the coolant may be any suitable coolant and includes a refrigerant of the type used in air conditioning systems.
  • the refrigerant is housed in a condenser and heat is removed from the condenser by the fluid.
  • the apparatus includes a recycling loop for recycling the fluid after heat transfer from the coolant.
  • the fluid is cooled in the recycling loop. Cooling may be accomplished by any suitable means. Cooling may be conducted by passive means, such as by the use of heat exchange coils, fins or the like which may vent heat to the atmosphere.
  • the recycling loop includes a cooling device.
  • a typical cooling device is a condensing coil, supplied by cold water by refrigeration or from other process cold water. When using cold water to cool air, this is typically sprayed into the air so as to establish intimate contact between cold water and the air.
  • the fluid is typically cooled to a temperature below ambient. This may be compared to conventional cooling systems where the fluid is typically at ambient temperature.
  • a preferred apparatus whereby air is cooled to below ambient temperature may include means for optimizing induction and/or forced cooling. Such means may include nozzles designed to optimize water droplet size and/or methods for directing air past the droplets.
  • the cooling device is sufficient to condense at least part of the evaporated water in the exhaust air flow.
  • substantially all of the water in the exhaust air is condensed and returned as coolant.
  • Conventional evaporative cooling towers trickle water though cooling elements or fill media designed to optimize the evaporative cooling process. It will be appreciated that such elements may not be necessary where the primary cooling mechanism is not evaporative cooling. Avoiding or minimizing the use of such cooling elements or media may enable capital and running costs to be reduced. Still further, the overall size of the system may be reduced when compared to conventional evaporative cooling towers.
  • the cooling means is sufficient to condense at least part of any evaporated water in the exhaust air flow. Preferably, substantially all of the water in the exhaust air is condensed and returned as coolant.
  • an apparatus for transferring heat from heated coolant water to air including; a heat exchange region through which air and water flow and heat is transferred from the water to the air; a recycling loop for cooling air flowing from the heat exchange region and returning cooled air to the heat exchange region, the air being cooled sufficiently so as to condense at least some of any water that evaporated into the air in the heat exchange region.
  • the flow of air though the heat exchange region and recycling loop fluid flow may be directed by air induced fans, forced draught fans or both. This is to be compared with some types of conventional air cooled or evaporative cooling devices which are open to the atmosphere such that the fluid, in this case air, is drawn from and vented into the atmosphere.
  • the apparatus of the invention typically has a housing which is closed to the atmosphere and houses both the heat exchange region and the recycling loop.
  • the housing may have a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the recycled loop is external to the housing and fluidly connected to the outlet and inlet. It may be appreciated that the inlet and outlets of existing cooling towers or evaporative cooling units may be modified in this manner thereby enabling such units to be retrofitted according to the present invention.
  • a method of modifying a heat transfer apparatus having a fluid inlet, a heat exchange region where heat is transferred from a coolant to the fluid and an outlet for exhausting heated fluid to the atmosphere; the method including providing a recycle loop between the outlet and the inlet, whereby fluid is cooled in the recycling loop before being returned to the heat exchange region through the inlet.
  • a method of transferring heat from a coolant to a fluid comprising directing a flow of fluid into a heat exchange region such that heat is transferred from, the coolant to the fluid, cooling the fluid after said heat transfer and recycling the cooled fluid back to the heat exchange region.
  • the temperature of the air is cooled to a temperature below that which favours the growth of Legionella pneumophila.
  • this temperature is below 20 0 C, most preferably about 15°C.
  • Legionella pneumophila is a genus of bacteria responsible for a respiratory infection known as Legionnaire's disease. Legionella pneumophila appears in almost every ground and surface water. Cooling towers provide an ideal environment for the growth of Legionella pneumophila. In order to address this potential problem, cooling tower water is periodically dosed with halogens such as chorine or bromine and regular maintenance cleaning of the system. It may be appreciated that by maintaining a low temperature within the tower, the use of such chemicals may be minimized or avoided
  • Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of a first preferred apparatus of the invention ;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic drawing of a further preferred apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic drawing of a further preferred apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a preferred apparatus of the present invention.
  • This apparatus has been retrofitted to an existing cooling tower 10 as used to recycle coolant water in an industrial plant.
  • the existing cooling tower 10 is of the conventional type whereby nozzles (not shown) introduce jets of water into the top of the tower. Rising air contacts the water and evaporative cooling of the water takes place in a heat exchange region 9 of the tower 10.
  • the heat exchange region 9 includes a fill material for increasing the surface area and maximising water/air contact.
  • Fan 11 draws the air upwards through the water droplets.
  • the cooled water collects in a reservoir 12 at the bottom of the tower 10 and is then recycled to the plant for cooling. Conventionally, the exhaust air and evaporated water are vented to the atmosphere.
  • the recycle loop 13 includes a cooling unit 15.
  • the cooling unit 15 has a fin coil radiator 16.
  • the fins 16 are cooled to a temperature of between about 0 to about 10 0 C.
  • a fan 17 draws exhaust air from the upper part of the cooling tower through a diffuser 18 towards fins 16.
  • the exhaust air is typically at a temperature of about 45° and after passing through the cooling unit reaches a temperature of 20 0 C or below.
  • evaporated water condenses out of the air and is collected in a second reservoir 19. The collected water is directed to reservoir 12 and the cooled air is returned to the tower through inlet 20.
  • inlet and outlet dampers 21, 22 allows inlet air or exhaust air to be vented if desired.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a further preferred apparatus of the invention in the form of a cooling tower 30.
  • the cooling tower 30 receives coolant water from an industrial plant and disperses this water through nozzles 32.
  • the tower also has a fan 31 for drawing air through water droplets dispersed by nozzles 32 and a reservoir 33 as per conventional cooling towers. Cooled water is pumped from the reservoir 33 back to the industrial plant.
  • the apparatus includes an air cooling unit 34 in the form of a water cooled condenser located above water nozzles 32.
  • the condenser typically operates at a temperature of between about 0 to about 6°C.
  • the cooling tower does not include conventional cooling elements which are used to optimise evaporative cooling. Air is drawn upwards by fan 31 past the cooling unit 34 and redirected in the direction of arrows A through a passageway 35 defined between outer
  • the apparatus includes an air temperature sensor to measure the temperature of the recycled air.
  • the sensor is coupled to an automated control device for controlling the cooling unit 34 such control may increases energy efficiency of the system and to control the level of cooling which may be necessary to accommodate for seasonal temperature variations.
  • the design of the water nozzles, air temperature and air flow is such that the water droplet size and flow optimize induction or forced cooling rather than evaporative cooling.
  • Evaporated water condenses in passageway 35 and is received in reservoir 33.
  • FIG 3 shows another embodiment of a cooling tower 50 which has been retrofitted to include a recycling loop 51 according to the present invention.
  • the cooling tower 50 is similar to that as shown in figure 1 and the same reference numbers are used to describe the same features.
  • the cooling tower 50 recycles cooling water from an industrial chiller 52 .
  • the chiller 52 may provide cooling for an air conditioning system. Water from the chiller is introduced into the upper part of the cooling tower through nozzles 53.
  • the fan 11 draws air upwards which meets the downward flowing water and cooling of the water takes place in a heat exchange region 9 of the tower. Cooled water collects in reservoir 12.
  • the reservoir has two outlets 54, 55.
  • Outlet 54 directs water through pump 56 to chiller 52.
  • the other outlet 55 directs water to the recycling loop 51 which will be discussed in further detail below.
  • the rising air flow leaving the heat exchange region 9 is drawn though a drift eliminator 57 which removes air borne water droplets from the air flow.
  • the air is directed through a swirl plate 58 to create a swirling air flow to a first cooling chamber 59.
  • Cooling chamber 59 has a series of spray nozzles 60 for spraying chilled water onto the swirling air.
  • the chilled water is sourced from reservoir 12.
  • Water from outlet 55 is pumped to a refrigeration unit 61 where it is chilled.
  • the chilled water then flows to spray nozzles 60.
  • the chilled water reduces the temperature of the air in chamber 59.
  • Evaporated water in the air flow condenses and is collected in reservoir 62, located at the base of chamber 59. Water from reservoir 62 is recycled to the upper part of the tower 50 at a location above the heat exchange region and is sprayed into the heat exchange region through spray nozzles 63. It may be appreciated that the temperature of water sprayed from nozzles 63 is lower than that sprayed from nozzles 53. This difference in temperature facilitates heat transfer from water introduced from chiller 52.
  • the recycling loop 51 includes a second cooling chamber 64. Air from first cooling chamber 59 flows through to second chamber 64 through drift eliminator 65. A further set of spray nozzles 66 sprays water cooled in refrigeration unit 61 into the second cooling chamber 64. This further cools the air before it is re-introduced into the heat exchange region 9 of the cooling tower 51 through inlet 67.
  • the level of salts or other impurities in the water is kept at a constant level which ameliorates the need for a bleed and make-up water supply.
  • a further advantage of the sealed system is that the risk of airborne Legionella being lost from the system to the atmosphere is reduced or avoided. Still further, by maintaining the recycled water temperature below that required for Legionella growth the use of chemicals or other Legionella control methods is unnecessary. Still further the ingress of dirt, dust, and organisms which may cause biofouling may also be reduced or even eliminated.
  • a still further advantage of the reduced temperature is that the mode of cooling changes from being predominantly evaporative to induced or forced cooling. This may increase cooling efficiency, avoid or reduce the need for cooling elements or media, thereby reducing costs and overall size of the apparatus when compared to conventional evaporative cooling towers.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil (10) pour transférer de la chaleur à partir d'un caloporteur vers un fluide dans un système de recyclage de caloporteur, l'appareil comprenant une région d'échange de chaleur (9) à travers laquelle le fluide s'écoule de telle façon que la chaleur soit transférée du caloporteur vers le fluide et une boucle de recyclage (13) pour recycler le fluide s'écoulant de la région d'échange de chaleur, le fluide étant refroidi dans cette boucle de recyclage avant d'être renvoyé dans la région d'échange de chaleur.
PCT/AU2007/000285 2006-03-08 2007-03-07 Appareil échangeur de chaleur Ceased WO2007101304A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2007222890A AU2007222890A1 (en) 2006-03-08 2007-03-07 Heat exchange apparatus
US12/281,911 US20090301114A1 (en) 2006-03-08 2007-03-07 Heat exchange apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2006901172A AU2006901172A0 (en) 2006-03-08 Heat exchange apparatus
AU2006901172 2006-03-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007101304A1 true WO2007101304A1 (fr) 2007-09-13

Family

ID=38474543

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2007/000285 Ceased WO2007101304A1 (fr) 2006-03-08 2007-03-07 Appareil échangeur de chaleur

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20090301114A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101573582A (fr)
AU (1) AU2007222890A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007101304A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10260761B2 (en) * 2010-05-18 2019-04-16 Energy & Environmental Research Center Foundation Heat dissipation systems with hygroscopic working fluid
US10808948B2 (en) 2010-05-18 2020-10-20 Energy & Environmental Research Center Heat dissipation systems with hygroscopic working fluid
US10845067B2 (en) 2010-05-18 2020-11-24 Energy & Enviornmental Research Center Hygroscopic cooling tower for waste water disposal
US9016352B2 (en) 2012-05-21 2015-04-28 Calvary Applied Technologies, LLC Apparatus and methods for cooling rejected heat from server racks
US8436246B1 (en) 2012-10-19 2013-05-07 Calvary Applied Technologies, LLC Refrigerant line electrical ground isolation device for data center cooling applications
WO2015147819A1 (fr) * 2014-03-27 2015-10-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Système de refroidissement d'équipement de pompage
FR3064052B1 (fr) * 2017-03-16 2019-06-07 Technip France Installation de liquefaction de gaz naturel disposee en surface d'une etendue d'eau, et procede de refroidissement associe
CN112725645A (zh) * 2020-12-22 2021-04-30 大冶市兴进铝业有限公司 一种新型铝型材制备装置

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SU1460571A1 (ru) * 1987-06-26 1989-02-23 Производственное объединение "Харьковский моторостроительный завод "Серп и молот" Вентил торна градирн
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JP2003065686A (ja) * 2001-08-23 2003-03-05 Ebara Shinwa Ltd 冷却塔及びこれに使用される遮光板
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20090301114A1 (en) 2009-12-10
CN101573582A (zh) 2009-11-04
AU2007222890A1 (en) 2007-09-13

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