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WO2007034262A1 - Méganucléases hétérodimériques et leur utilisation - Google Patents

Méganucléases hétérodimériques et leur utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007034262A1
WO2007034262A1 PCT/IB2005/003083 IB2005003083W WO2007034262A1 WO 2007034262 A1 WO2007034262 A1 WO 2007034262A1 IB 2005003083 W IB2005003083 W IB 2005003083W WO 2007034262 A1 WO2007034262 A1 WO 2007034262A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
meganuclease
anyone
heterodimeric meganuclease
heterodimeric
sequence
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PCT/IB2005/003083
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English (en)
Inventor
Philippe Duchateau
Frédéric PAQUES
Original Assignee
Cellectis
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cellectis filed Critical Cellectis
Priority to PCT/IB2005/003083 priority Critical patent/WO2007034262A1/fr
Priority to DK06744673.2T priority patent/DK1863909T3/da
Priority to AT06744673T priority patent/ATE466933T1/de
Priority to PCT/IB2006/001271 priority patent/WO2006097854A1/fr
Priority to EP06744673.2A priority patent/EP1863909B2/fr
Priority to US11/908,798 priority patent/US7897372B2/en
Priority to JP2008501447A priority patent/JP2008535484A/ja
Priority to ES06744673T priority patent/ES2347684T3/es
Priority to AU2006224248A priority patent/AU2006224248B2/en
Priority to EP10004717A priority patent/EP2327772A1/fr
Priority to CN200680012709.7A priority patent/CN101198694B/zh
Priority to EP10004688A priority patent/EP2327773A1/fr
Priority to PCT/IB2006/001203 priority patent/WO2006097853A1/fr
Priority to CA2600033A priority patent/CA2600033C/fr
Priority to EP10004689A priority patent/EP2327771A1/fr
Priority to DE602006014107T priority patent/DE602006014107D1/de
Priority to EP10004687A priority patent/EP2325307A1/fr
Priority to US11/908,934 priority patent/US20110158974A1/en
Publication of WO2007034262A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007034262A1/fr
Priority to US12/859,905 priority patent/US20110072527A1/en
Priority to US13/422,902 priority patent/US8715992B2/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
    • C12N9/16—Hydrolases (3) acting on ester bonds (3.1)
    • C12N9/22—Ribonucleases [RNase]; Deoxyribonucleases [DNase]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
    • C12N15/8201—Methods for introducing genetic material into plant cells, e.g. DNA, RNA, stable or transient incorporation, tissue culture methods adapted for transformation
    • C12N15/8213—Targeted insertion of genes into the plant genome by homologous recombination
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an heterodimeric meganuclease comprising two domains of different meganucleases which are in two separate polypeptides, said heterodimeric meganuclease being able to cleave a chimeric DNA target sequence comprising one different half of each parent meganuclease DNA target sequence.
  • the invention relates also to a vector encoding said heterodimeric meganuclease, to a cell, an animal or a plant modified by said vector and to the use of said herodimeric meganuclease and derived products for genetic engineering, genome therapy and antiviral therapy.
  • Meganucleases are by definition sequence-specific endonucleases with large (>12 bp) cleavage sites and they can be used to achieve very high levels of gene targeting efficiencies in mammalian cells and plants (Rouet et al., MoI. Cell. Biol., 1994, 14, 8096-106; Choulika et al., MoI. Cell.
  • ZFP Cys2-His2 type Zinc-Finger Proteins
  • Homing Endonucleases are a widespread family of natural meganucleases including hundreds of proteins (Chevalier and Stoddard, Nucleic Acids Res., 2001, 29, 3757-74). These proteins are encoded by mobile genetic elements which propagate by a process called "homing”: the endonuclease cleaves a cognate allele from which the mobile element is absent, thereby stimulating a homologous recombination event that duplicates the mobile DNA into the recipient locus (Kostriken et al, Cell; 1983, 35, 167-74; Jacquier and Dujon, Cell, 1985, 41, 383-94).
  • LAGLIDADG refers to the only sequence actually conserved throughout the family and is found in one or (more often) two copies in the protein.
  • Proteins with a single motif form homodimers and cleave palindromic or pseudo-palindromic DNA sequences (figure 1), whereas the larger, double motif proteins, such as l-Scel are monomers and cleave non palindromic targets.
  • Seven different LAGLIDADG proteins have been crystallized, and they exhibit a very striking conservation of the core structure, that contrasts with the lack of similarity at the primary sequence level (Jurica et al., MoI. Cell., 1998, 2, 469-76; Chevalier et al., Nat. Struct. Biol., 2001, 8, 312-6 ; Chevalier et al. J. MoI.
  • LAGLIDADG LAGLIDADG Homing Endonuclease Core Domains
  • DNA binding depends on the four ⁇ strands from each domain, folded into an antiparallel ⁇ -sheet, and forming a saddle on the DNA helix major groove.
  • Analysis of l-Cre ⁇ structure bound to its natural target shows that in each monomer, eight residues establish direct interactions with seven bases (Jurica et al., 1998, precited). Residues Q44, R68 and R70 contact three consecutive base pairs at positions 3 to 5 and -3 to -5 (figure 1).
  • the catalytic core is central, with a contribution of both symmetric monomers/domains.
  • other domains can be found: for example, Fl-Sce ⁇ , an intein, has a protein splicing domain, and an additional DNA-binding domain (Moure et al., 2002, precited; Grindl et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 1998, 26, 1857-62).
  • the inventors By coexpressing two domains from different meganucleases, the inventors have engineered functional heterodimeric meganucleases, which are able to cleave chimeric targets.
  • This new approach which can be applied to any meganuclease (monomer with two domains or homodimer), including the variants derived from wild-type meganucleases, considerably enriches the number of DNA sequences that can be targeted, resulting in the generation of dedicated meganucleases able to cleave sequences from many genes of interest.
  • Potential applications include the cleavage of viral genomes specifically or the correction of genetic defects via double-strand break induced recombination, both of which lead to therapeutics.
  • the invention concerns a heterodimeric meganuclease comprising two domains of different meganucleases (parent meganucleases), wherein said domains are in two separate polypeptides which are able to assemble and to cleave a chimeric DNA target sequence comprising one different half of each parent meganuclease DNA target sequence.
  • each subunit is expressed from a separate polypeptide.
  • the two poly- peptides which are different and originate from different meganucleases assemble to form a functional heterodimeric meganuclease.
  • nucleosides are designated as follows: one-letter code is used for designating the base of a nucleoside: a is adenine, t is thymine, c is cytosine, and g is guanine.
  • r represents g or a (purine nucleotides)
  • k represents g or t
  • s represents g or c
  • w represents a or t
  • m represents a or c
  • y represents t or c (pyrimidine nucleotides)
  • d represents g, a or t
  • v represents g, a or c
  • b represents g, t or c
  • h represents a, t or c
  • n represents g, a, t or c.
  • meganuclease an endonuclease having a double- stranded DNA target sequence of 14 to 40 pb.
  • Said meganuclease is either a dimeric enzyme, wherein each domain is on a monomer or a monomeric enzyme comprising the two domains on a single polypeptide.
  • - by “meganuclease domain” is intended the region which interacts with one half of the DNA target of a meganuclease and is able to associate with the other domain of the same meganuclease which interacts with the other half of the DNA target to form a functional meganuclease able to cleave said DNA target.
  • meganuclease variant a meganuclease obtained by replacement of at least one residue in the amino acid sequence of the wild-type meganuclease (natural meganuclease) with a different amino acid.
  • - by "functional variant” is intended a variant which is able to cleave a DNA target sequence, preferably said target is a new target which is not cleaved by the parent meganuclease.
  • LAGLIDADG Homing Endonuclease Core Domain is intended the characteristic ⁇ fold of the homing endonuclease of the LAGLIDADG family, corresponding to a sequence of about one hundred amino acid residues.
  • the LAGLIDADG Homing Endonuclease Core Domain corresponds to the residues 6 to 94.
  • target is intended a 14 to 40 bp double- stranded palindromic, partially palindromic (pseudo-palindromic) or non-palindromic polynucleotide sequence that is recognized and cleaved by a meganuclease.
  • These terms refer to a distinct DNA location, preferably a genomic location, at which a double stranded break (cleavage) is to be induced by the meganuclease.
  • the DNA target is defined by the 5' to 3' sequence of one strand of the double-stranded polynucleotide.
  • the palindromic DNA target sequence cleaved by wild-type l-Crel presented in figure 1 is defined by the sequence 5'- t -12 C -11 a -1 oa -9 a -8 a -7 c -6 g -5 t -4 c -3 g -2 t- ia+ 1 c+2g+3a+4C+5g+6t+7t+8t+9t+iog+iia+i2 (SEQ ID NO :1), wherein the bases interacting with R68, Q44 and R70 are from positions -5 to -3 and +5 to +3.
  • chimeric DNA target or "hybrid DNA target” is intended the fusion of a different half of each parent meganuclease DNA target sequence.
  • vector is intended a nucleic acid molecule capable of transporting another nucleic acid to which it has been linked.
  • - by “homologous” is intended a sequence with enough identity to another one to lead to a homologous recombination between sequences, more particularly having at least 95 % identity, preferably 97 % identity and more preferably 99 %.
  • Identity refers to sequence identity between two nucleic acid molecules or polypeptides. Identity can be determined by comparing a position in each sequence which may be aligned for purposes of comparison. When a position in the compared sequence is occupied by the same base, then the molecules are identical at that position. A degree of similarity or identity between nucleic acid or amino acid sequences is a function of the number of identical or matching nucleotides at positions shared by the nucleic acid sequences.
  • Various alignment algorithms and/or programs may be used to calculate the identity between two sequences, including FASTA, or BLAST which are available as a part of the GCG sequence analysis package (University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.), and can be used with, e.g., default settings.
  • the polypeptides forming the heterodimeric meganuclease of the invention may derive from a natural (wild-type) meganuclease or a functional variant thereof.
  • variants are variants having a modified specificity, ie variants able to cleave a DNA target sequence which is not cleaved by the wild-type meganuclease.
  • variants may have amino acid variation at positions contacting the DNA target sequence or interacting directly or indirectly with said
  • the polypeptides forming the heterodimeric meganuclease of the invention may comprise, consist essentially of or consist of, one domain as defined above.
  • said polypeptide may consist of the entire open reading frame of the meganuclease (full-length amino acid sequence).
  • Said peptides may include one or more residues inserted at the NH 2 terminus and/or COOH terminus of said domain.
  • a methionine residue is introduced at the NH 2 terminus
  • a tag epipe or polyhistidine sequence
  • said tag is useful for the detection and/or the purification of said polypeptide.
  • the cleavage activity of the heterodimeric meganuclease of the invention may be measured by a direct repeat recombination assay, in yeast or mammalian cells, using a reporter vector, as described in the PCT Application WO 2004/067736.
  • the reporter vector comprises two truncated, non-functional copies of a reporter gene (direct repeats) and a chimeric DNA target sequence within the intervening sequence, cloned in a yeast or a mammalian expression vector (figure 2).
  • the chimeric DNA target sequence is made of one different half of each parent meganuclease (figure 5).
  • Coexpression of the two polypeptides results in the assembly of a functional heterodimer which is able to cleave the chimeric DNA target sequence. This cleavage induces homologous recombination between the direct repeats, resulting in a functional reporter gene, whose expression can be monitored by appropriate assay.
  • each polypeptide comprises the LAGLIDADG Homing Endonuclease Core Domain of a different LAGLIDADG homing endonuclease or a variant thereof; said LAGLIDADG homing endonuclease may be either a homodimeric enzyme such as l-Crel, or a monomeric enzyme such as l-Dm ⁇ l.
  • the LAGLIDADG homing endonuclease may be selected from the group consisting of : 1-Sce ⁇ , l-Chul, l-Crel, l-Csml, Vl-Scel, Fl-THI, PI-MM, l-Ceul, l-Scell, l-Sce III, HO, PI-CM, PI-CM, Vl-Aael, Vl-Bsul, Vl-Dhal, Vl-Dral, Vl-Mavl, PI-McM, VI-Mful, Vl-Mfll, V ⁇ -Mgal, Vl-Mgol, VI-MM, Vl-Mkal, FI-MIeI, VI-Mmal, PI-MM, Vl-Msml, VI-MM, PI-MM, PI-Mxel, VI-NpuI, Vl-Pful, VI-Rmal, Vl-Spbl, PI- Sspl, VI-
  • one of the polypeptide comprises the LAGLIDADG Homing Endonuclease Core Domain of an I-Oel variant having at least one substitution in positions 44, 68, and/or 70 of I-Crel, by reference to the amino acid numbering of the l-Crel sequence SWISSPROT P05725.
  • Said polypeptide may for example consist of the entire open reading frame of said l-Crel variant.
  • said residues in positions 44, 68, and/or 70 of I-Crel are replaced with an amino acid selected in the group consisting of: A, D, E, G, H, K, N 5 P, Q 5 R, S, T D, E, H, K 5 N 5 Q 5 R 5 S, T 5 Y.
  • said l-Crel variant further comprises the mutation of the aspartic acid in position 75, in an uncharged amino acid, preferably an asparagine (D75N) or a valine (D75V).
  • said heterodimeric LAGLIDADG homing endonucleases comprising two polypeptides derived from I- CVeI and/or l-Crel variant(s) having at least one substitution in positions 44, 68, and/or 70 of l-Crel, cleaves a chimeric DNA target comprising the sequence: C -H a -1O a- 9a. 8 a -7 c.6n-5n.
  • n is a, t, C 5 or g (SEQ ID NO: 2).
  • one of the polypeptide has a glutamine (Q) in position 44.
  • one of the polypeptide has an alanine (A) or an asparagine in position 44; the l-Crel variants A44, R68, S70 and A44, R68, S70, N75 are examples of such polypeptide. More preferably, for cleaving a chimeric DNA target, wherein n -4 is A or n +4 is T, one of the polypeptide has an alanine (A) or an asparagine in position 44; the l-Crel variants A44, R68, S70 and A44, R68, S70, N75 are examples of such polypeptide. More preferably, for cleaving a chimeric DNA target, wherein n -4 is
  • C or n+ 4 is G
  • one of the polypeptide has a lysine (K) in position 44
  • the 1-OeI variants K44, R68, E70 and K44, R68, E70, N75 are examples of such a polypeptide.
  • the subject-matter of the present invention is also a recombinant vector comprising two polynucleotide fragments, each encoding a different poly- peptide as defined above.
  • One type of preferred vector is an episome, i.e., a nucleic acid capable of extra-chromosomal replication.
  • Preferred vectors are those capable of autonomous replication and/or expression of nucleic acids to which they are linked.
  • Expression vectors capable of directing the expression of genes to which they are operatively linked are referred to herein as "expression vectors”.
  • a vector according to the present invention comprises, but is not limited to, a YAC (yeast artificial chromosome), a BAC (bacterial artificial), a baculovirus vector, a phage, a phagemid, a cosmid, a viral vector, a plasmid, a RNA vector or a linear or circular DNA or RNA molecule which may consist of chromo- somal, non chromosomal, semi-synthetic or synthetic DNA.
  • expression vectors of utility in recombinant DNA techniques are often in the form of "plasmids" which refer generally to circular double-stranded DNA loops which, in their vector form are not bound to the chromosome.
  • Viral vectors include retrovirus, adenovirus, parvovirus (e. g. adeno- associated viruses), coronavirus, negative strand RNA viruses such as orthomyxovirus (e. g., influenza virus), rhabdovirus (e. g., rabies and vesicular stomatitis virus), paramyxovirus (e. g. measles and Sendai), positive strand RNA viruses such as picor- navirus and alphavirus, and double-stranded DNA viruses including adenovirus, herpesvirus (e.
  • orthomyxovirus e. g., influenza virus
  • rhabdovirus e. g., rabies and vesicular stomatitis virus
  • paramyxovirus e. g. measles and Sendai
  • positive strand RNA viruses such as picor- navirus and alphavirus
  • double-stranded DNA viruses including adeno
  • Herpes Simplex virus types 1 and 2 Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus
  • poxvirus e. g., vaccinia, fowlpox and canarypox
  • Other viruses include Norwalk virus, togavirus, flavivirus, reoviruses, papovavirus, hepadnavirus, and hepatitis virus, for example.
  • Vectors can comprise selectable markers, for example: neomycin phosphotransferase, histidinol dehydrogenase, dihydrofolate reductase, hygromycin phosphotransferase, herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase, adenosine deaminase, glutamine synthetase, and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase for eukaryotic cell culture ; TRPl for S. cerevisiae; tetracycline, rifampicin or ampicillin resistance in E. col ⁇ .
  • selectable markers for example: neomycin phosphotransferase, histidinol dehydrogenase, dihydrofolate reductase, hygromycin phosphotransferase, herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase, adenosine deaminase,
  • said vectors are expression vectors, wherein the sequences encoding the polypeptides of the invention are placed under control of appropriate transcriptional and translational control elements to permit production or synthesis of said polypeptides.
  • said polynucleotides are comprised in expression cassette(s). More particularly, the vector comprises a replication origin, a promoter operatively linked to said encoding polynucleotide, a ribosome site, an RNA-splicing site (when genomic DNA is used), a polyadenylation site and a transcription termination site. It also can comprise an enhancer. Selection of the promoter will depend upon the cell in which the polypeptide is expressed.
  • said vector includes a targeting construct comprising sequences sharing homologies with the region surrounding the chimeric DNA target sequence as defined above.
  • said targeting DNA construct comprises: a) sequences sharing homologies with the region surrounding the chimeric DNA target sequence as defined above, and b) sequences to be introduced flanked by sequence as in a).
  • the invention also concerns a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cell which is modified by two polynucleotides or a vector as defined above, preferably an expression vector.
  • the invention also concerns a non-human transgenic animal or a transgenic plant, characterized in that all or part of their cells are modified by two polynucleotides or a vector as defined above.
  • a cell refers to a prokaryotic cell, such as a bacterial cell, or eukaryotic cell, such as an animal, plant or yeast cell.
  • polynucleotide sequences encoding the polypeptides as defined in the present invention may be prepared by any method known by the man skilled in the art. For example, they are amplified from a cDNA template, by polymerase chain reaction with specific primers. Preferably the codons of said cDNA are chosen to favour the expression of said protein in the desired expression system.
  • the recombinant vector comprising said polynucleotides may be obtained and introduced in a host cell by the well-known recombinant DNA and genetic engineering techniques.
  • the heterodimeric meganuclease of the invention is produced by expressing the two polypeptides as defined above; preferably said polypeptides are co- expressed in a host cell modified by two expression vectors, each comprising a polynucleotide fragment encoding a different polypeptide as defined above or by a dual expression vector comprising both polynucleotide fragments as defined above, under conditions suitable for the co-expression of the polypeptides, and the heterodimeric meganuclease is recovered from the host cell culture.
  • the subject-matter of the present invention is further the use of a heterodimeric meganuclease, two polynucleotides, preferably both included in one expression vector (dual expression vector) or each included in a different expression vector, a dual expression vector, a cell, a transgenic plant, a non-human transgenic mammal, as defined above, for molecular biology, for in vivo or in vitro genetic engineering, and for in vivo or in vitro genome engineering, for non-therapeutic purposes.
  • a heterodimeric meganuclease two polynucleotides, preferably both included in one expression vector (dual expression vector) or each included in a different expression vector, a dual expression vector, a cell, a transgenic plant, a non-human transgenic mammal, as defined above, for molecular biology, for in vivo or in vitro genetic engineering, and for in vivo or in vitro genome engineering, for non-therapeutic purposes.
  • Non therapeutic purposes include for example (i) gene targeting of specific loci in cell packaging lines for protein production, (ii) gene targeting of specific loci in crop plants, for strain improvements and metabolic engineering, (iii) targeted recombination for the removal of markers in genetically modified crop plants, (iv) targeted recombination for the removal of markers in genetically modified microorganism strains (for antibiotic production for example).
  • it is for inducing a double-strand break in a site of interest comprising a chimeric DNA target sequence, thereby inducing a DNA recombination event, a DNA loss or cell death.
  • said double-strand break is for: repairing a specific sequence, modifying a specific sequence, restoring a functional gene in place of a mutated one, attenuating or activating an endogenous gene of interest, introducing a mutation into a site of interest, introducing an exogenous gene or a part thereof, inactivating or detecting an endogenous gene or a part thereof, translocating a chromosomal arm, or leaving the DNA unrepaired and degraded.
  • said heterodimeric meganuclease, polynucleotides, vector, cell, transgenic plant or non- human transgenic mammal are associated with a targeting DNA construct as defined above.
  • the subject-matter of the present invention is also a method of genetic engineering, characterized in that it comprises a step of double-strand nucleic acid breaking in a site of interest located on a vector comprising a chimeric DNA target as defined hereabove, by contacting said vector with a heterodimeric meganuclease as defined above, thereby inducing a homologous recombination with another vector presenting homology with the sequence surrounding the cleavage site of said heterodimeric meganuclease.
  • the subjet-matter of the present invention is also a method of genome engineering, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: 1) double- strand breaking a genomic locus comprising at least one chimeric DNA target of a heterodimeric meganuclease as defined above, by contacting said target with said heterodimeric meganuclease; 2) maintaining said broken genomic locus under condi- tions appropriate for homologous recombination with a targeting DNA construct comprising the sequence to be introduced in said locus, flanked by sequences sharing homologies with the targeted locus.
  • the subject-matter of the present invention is also a method of genome engineering, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: 1) double- strand breaking a genomic locus comprising at least one chimeric DNA target of a heterodimeric meganuclease as defined above, by contacting said cleavage site with said heterodimeric meganuclease; 2) maintaining said broken genomic locus under conditions appropriate for homologous recombination with chromosomal DNA sharing homologies to regions surrounding the cleavage site.
  • the subject-matter of the present invention is also a composition characterized in that it comprises at least one heterodimeric meganuclease or two polynucleotides, preferably both included in one expression vector or each included in a different expression vector, as defined above.
  • composition in a preferred embodiment, it comprises a targeting DNA construct comprising the sequence which repairs the site of interest flanked by sequences sharing homologies with the targeted locus.
  • the subject-matter of the present invention is also the use of at least one heterodimeric meganuclease or two polynucleotides, preferably included in expression vector(s), as defined above, for the preparation of a medicament for preventing, improving or curing a genetic disease in an individual in need thereof, said medicament being administrated by any means to said individual.
  • the subject-matter of the present invention is also the use of at least one heterodimeric meganuclease or two polynucleotides, preferably included in expression vector(s), as defined above for the preparation of a medicament for preventing, improving or curing a disease caused by an infectious agent that presents a DNA intermediate, in an individual in need thereof, said medicament being administrated by any means to said individual.
  • the subject-matter of the present invention is also the use of at least one heterodimeric meganuclease or two polynucleotides, preferably included in expression vector(s), as defined above, in vitro, for inhibiting the propagation, inactivating or deleting an infectious agent that presents a DNA intermediate, in biological derived products or products intended for biological uses or for disinfecting an object.
  • said infectious agent is a virus.
  • the invention further comprises other features which will emerge from the description which follows, which refers to examples illustrating the I-Crel meganuclease variants and their uses according to the invention, as well as to the appended drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the rationale of the experiments, (a) Structure of l-Crel bound to its DNA target, (b) Zoom of the structure showing residues 44, 68, 70 chosen for randomization, D75 and interacting base pairs, (c) Design of the library and targets. The interactions of l-Crel residues Q44, R68 an R70 with DNA targets are indicated (top).
  • the target described here (SEQ ID NO: 1) is a palindrome derived from the 1-OeI natural target, and cleaved by l-Crel (Chevalier et al., 2003, precited).
  • Cleavage positions are indicated by arrowheads.
  • residues 44, 68 and 70 are replaced with ADEGHKNPQRST. Since 1-OeI is an homodimer, the library was screened with palindromic targets. Sixty four palindromic targets resulting from substitutions in positions ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4 and ⁇ 5 were generated. A few examples of such targets are shown (bottom; SEQ ID NO: 10 to 16)
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the screening of the variants,
  • a strain harboring the expression vector encoding the variants is mated with a strain harboring a reporter plasmid.
  • a LacZ reporter gene is interrupted with an insert containing the site of interest, flanked by two direct repeats.
  • the endonuclease (gray oval) performs a double strand break on the site of interest, allowing restoration of a functional LacZ (white oval) gene by single strand annealing (SSA) between the two flanking direct repeats.
  • a library of I-Crel variants is built using PCR, cloned into a replicative yeast expression vector and transformed in S. cerevisiae strain FYC2-6A ⁇ MAT a, trplA63, leu2 ⁇ l, Ms3A200).
  • the 64 palindromic targets are cloned in the LacZ-based yeast reporter vector, and the resulting clones transformed into strain FYBL2-7B (AdATa, ura3 ⁇ 851, trpl ⁇ 63, leu2 ⁇ l, lys2 ⁇ 202).
  • Robot-assisted gridding on filter membrane is used to perform mating between individual clones expressing meganuclease variants and individual clones harboring a reporter plasmid.
  • the ORF of positive clones are amplified by PCR and sequenced. 410 different variants were identified among the 2100 positives, and tested at low density, to establish complete patterns, and 350 clones were validated. Also, 294 mutants were recloned in yeast vectors, and tested in a secondary screen, and results confirmed those obtained without recloning. Chosen clones are then assayed for cleavage activity in a similar CHO-based assay and eventually in vitro.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the cleavage patterns of the variants. Mutants are identified by three letters, corresponding to the residues in positions 44, 68 and 70.
  • Target map is indicated in the top right panel, (a) Cleavage patterns in yeast (left) and mammalian cells (right) for the 1-OeI protein, and 8 derivatives.
  • yeast the initial raw data (filter) is shown.
  • CHO cells quanti- tative raw data (ONPG measurement) are shown, values superior to 0.25 are boxed, values superior to 0.5 are highlighted in medium grey, values superior to 1 in dark grey.
  • LacZ positive control. 0: no target.
  • Ul, U2 and U3 three different uncleaved controls, (b) Cleavage in vitro.
  • l-Crel and four mutants are tested against a set of 2 or 4 targets, including the target resulting in the strongest signal in yeast and CHO.
  • Digests are performed at 37°C for 1 hour, with 2 nM linearized substrate, as described in Methods. Raw data are shown for I-Oel with two different targets. With both GGG and CCT, cleavage is not detected with l-Crel.
  • FIG. 4 represents the statistical analysis
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example of hybrid or chimeric site: gtt (SEQ ID NO: 17) and cct (SEQ ID NO: 9) are two palindromic sites derived from the 1-OeI site.
  • the gtt/cct hybrid site (SEQ ID NO: 18) displays the gtt sequence on the top strand in -5, -4, -3 and the cct sequence on the bottom strand in 5, 4, 3.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the cleavage activity of the heterodimeric variants.
  • Yeast were co-transformed with the KTG and QAN variants.
  • Target organization is shown on the top panel: target with a single gtt, cct or gcc half site are in bold; targets with two such half sites, which are expected to be cleaved by homo- and/or heterodimers, are in bold and highlighted in grey ; 0: no target.
  • Results are shown on the three panels below. Unexpected faint signals are observed only for gtc/cct and gtt/gtc, cleaved by KTG and QAN, respectively.
  • FIG. 7 represents the quantitative analysis of the cleavage activity of the heterodimeric variants
  • the palindromic tac and tct targets although not shown, are cleaved by AGR and KTG, respectively. Cleavage of the cat target by the RRN mutant is very low, and could not be quantified in yeast,
  • Black bars signal for the first mutant alone; grey bars: signal for the second mutant alone; striped bars: signal obtained by co-expression or cotransfection.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the activity of the assembled heterodimer ARS- KRE on the selected mouse chromosome 17 DNA target.
  • CHO-Kl cell line were co- transfected with equimolar of target LagoZ plasmid, ARS and KRE expression plasmids, and the beta galactosidase activity was measured.
  • Cells co-transfected with the LagoZ plasmid and the I-Scel, I-Crel, ARS or KRE recombinant plasmid or an empty plasmid were used as control.
  • Example 1 Screening for new functional endonucleases
  • the diversity of the meganuclease library was generated by PCR using degenerate primers from Sigma harboring codon VVK (18 codons, amino acids ADEGHKNPQRST) at position 44, 68 and 70 which interact directly with the bases at positions 3 to 5, and as DNA template, the 1-OeI gene.
  • the final PCR product was digested with specific restriction enzymes, and cloned back into the ⁇ -Crel ORF digested with the same restriction enzymes, in pCLS542.
  • I- Crel variants are under the control of a galactose inducible promoter (Epinat et ah, precited). After electroporation in E.
  • the C 1221 twenty-four bp palindrome (tcaaaacgtcgtacgacgttttga, SEQ ID NO: 1) is a repeat of the half-site of the nearly palindromic natural ⁇ -Crel target (tcaaaacgtcgtgagacagtttgg, SEQ ID NO: 3 ).
  • C1221 is cleaved as efficiently as the 1-OeI natural target in vitro and ex vivo in both yeast and mammalian cells.
  • the 64 palindromic targets were derived as follows: 64 pair of oligonucleotides (ggcatacaagtttcaaaacnnngtacnnngtttttgacaatcgtctgtca (SEQ ID NO: 4) and reverse complementary sequences) were ordered form Sigma, annealed and cloned into pGEM-T Easy (PROMEGA). Next, a 400 bp PvwII fragment was excised and cloned into the yeast vector pFL39-ADH-LACURAZ, described previously (Epinat et al., precited) .
  • Mating was performed using a colony gridder (QpixII, GENETIX). Mutants were gridded on nylon filters covering YPD plates, using a high gridding density (about 20 spots/cm ). A second gridding process was performed on the same filters to spot a second layer consisting of 64 or 75 different reporter-harboring yeast strains for each variant. Membranes were placed on solid agar YPD rich medium, and incubated at 3O 0 C for one night, to allow mating.
  • filters were transferred to synthetic medium, lacking leucine and tryptophan, with galactose (1%) as a carbon source (and with G418 for coexpression experiments), and incubated for five days at 37 0 C, to select for diploids carrying the expression and target vectors.
  • filters were placed on solid agarose medium with 0.02% X-GaI in 0.5 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, 0.1% SDS, 6% dimethyl formamide (DMF), 7 mM ⁇ - mercaptoethanol, 1% agarose, and incubated at 37°C, to monitor ⁇ -galactosidase activity. Results were analyzed by scanning and quantification was performed using a proprietary software. d) Sequence and Re-Cloning of primary hits
  • ORF open reading frame
  • PCR products were cloned in : (i) yeast gateway expression vector harboring a galactose inducible promoter, LEU2 or KanR as selectable marker and a 2 micron origin of replication, and (ii) a pET 24d(+) vector from NOVAGEN. Resulting clones were verified by sequencing (MILLEGEN).
  • I-Crel is a dimeric homing endonuclease that cleaves a 22 bp pseudo- palindromic target. Analysis of l-Crel structure bound to its natural target has shown that in each monomer, eight residues establish direct interactions with seven bases (Jurica et al., 1998, precited). Residues Q44, R68, R70 contact three consecutive base pairs at position 3 to 5 (and -3 to -5, Figure 1). An exhaustive protein library vs. target library approach was undertaken to engineer locally this part of the DNA binding interface.
  • the l-Cre ⁇ scaffold was mutated from D75 to N to decrease likely energetic strains caused by the replacement of the basic residues R68 and R70 in the library that satisfy the hydrogen-acceptor potential of the buried D75 in the 1-OeI structure.
  • the D75N mutation did not affect the protein structure, but decreased the toxicity of l-Crel in overexpression experiments.
  • positions 44, 68 and 70 were randomized and 64 palindromic targets resulting from substitutions in positions ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4 and ⁇ 5 of a palindromic target cleaved by I-Crel (Chevalier et al., 2003, precited) were generated, as described in Figure 1.
  • a robot-assisted mating protocol was used to screen a large number of meganucleases from our library.
  • the general screening strategy is described in Figure 2b. 13,824 meganuclease expressing clones (about 2.3-fold the theoretical diversity) were spotted at high density (20 spots/cm ) on nylon filters and individually tested against each one of the 64 target strains (884,608 spots). 2100 clones showing an activity against at least one target were isolated ( Figure 2b) and the ORF encoding the meganuclease was amplified by PCR and sequenced. 410 different sequences were identified and a similar number of corresponding clones were chosen for further analysis.
  • ORF open reading frame
  • CHO-Kl cell line from the American Type Culture Collection was cultured in Ham'sF12K medium supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum.
  • SSA transient Single Strand Annealing
  • cells were seeded in 12 well-plates at 13.10 3 cells per well one day prior transfection. Cotransfection was carried out the following day with 400 ng of DNA using the EFFECTENE transfection kit (QIAGEN). Equimolar amounts of target LagoZ plasmid and expression plasmid were used. The next day, medium was replaced and cells were incubated for another 72 hours. CHO-Kl cell monolayers were washed once with PBS.
  • the cells were then lysed with 150 ⁇ l of lysis/revelation buffer added for ⁇ -galactosidase liquid assay (100 ml of lysis buffer (Tris-HCl 10 mM pH7.5, NaCl 150 mM, Triton XlOO 0.1 %, BSA 0.1 mg/ml, protease inhibitors) and 900 ml of revelation buffer (10 ml of Mg IOOX buffer (MgCl 2 100 mM, ⁇ -mercaptoethanol 35 %), 110 ml ONPG (8 mg/ml) and 780 ml of sodium phosphate 0.1 M pH7.5), 30 minutes on ice.
  • lysis buffer Tris-HCl 10 mM pH7.5, NaCl 150 mM, Triton XlOO 0.1 %, BSA 0.1 mg/ml, protease inhibitors
  • revelation buffer 10 ml of Mg IOOX buffer (MgCl 2 100 mM, ⁇ -mercapto
  • Beta- galactosidase activity was assayed by measuring optical density at 415 nm. The entire process was performed on an automated Velocity 11 BioCel platform. The beta- galactosidase activity is calculated as relative units normalized for protein concentration, incubation time and transfection efficiency. d) Protein expression and purification His-tagged proteins were over-expressed in E.coli BL21 (DE3)pLysS cells using pET-24d (+) vectors (NOVAGEN). Induction with IPTG (0.3 mM), was performed at 25°C.
  • Cells were sonicated in a solution of 50 mM Sodium Phosphate (pH 8), 300 mM sodium chloride containing protease inhibitors (Complete EDTA-free tablets, Roche) and 5 % (v/v) glycerol. Cell lysates were centrifuged at 100000 g for 60 min. His-tagged proteins were then affinity-purified, using 5ml Hi-Trap chelating HP columns (Amersham Biosciences) loaded with cobalt. Several fractions were collected during elution with a linear gradient of imidazole (up to 0.25M imidazole, followed by plateau at 0.5 M imidazole, 0.3 M NaCl and 5OmM Sodium Phosphate pH 8).
  • Protein-rich fractions (determined by SDS-PAGE) were applied to the second column.
  • the crude purified samples were taken to pH 6 and applied to a 5 ml HiTrap Heparin HP column (Amersham Biosciences) equilibrated with 20 mM Sodium Phosphate pH 6.0. Bound proteins are eluted with a sodium chloride continuous gradient with 20 mM sodium phosphate and IM sodium chloride.
  • the purified fractions were submitted to SDS-PAGE and concentrated (10 kDa cut-off centriprep Amicon Ultra system), frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -8O 0 C.
  • pGEM plasmids with single meganuclease DNA target cut sites were first linearized with Xmnl. Cleavage assays were performed at 37°C in 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8), 50 mM NaCl, 1OmM MgC12, ImM DTT and 50 ⁇ g/ml BSA. 2 nM was used as target substrate concentration.
  • a dilution range between 0 and 85 nM was used for each protein, in 25 ⁇ l final volume reaction. Reactions were stopped after 1 hour by addition of 5 ⁇ l of 45 % glycerol, 95mM EDTA (pH 8), 1.5 % (w/v) SDS, 1.5 mg/ml proteinase K and 0.048 % (w/v) bromophenol blue (6X Buffer Stop) and incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes. Digests were run on agarosse electrophoresis gel, and fragment quantified after ethidium bromide staining, to calculate the percentage of cleavage.
  • Clustering was done using hclust from the R package. We used quantitative data from the primary, low density screening. Both variants and targets were clustered using standard hierarchical clustering with Euclidean distance and Ward's method (Ward, J.H., American Stat. Assoc, 1963, 58, 236-244). Mutants and targets dendrograms were reordered to optimize positions of the clusters and the mutant dendrogram was cut at the height of 8 to define the cluster.
  • a set of preferred targets could be identified on the basis of the frequency and intensity of the signal (Figure 4c).
  • the three preferred targets for each cluster are indicated in Table 1, with their cleavage frequencies. The sum of these frequencies is a measurement of the specificity of the cluster.
  • the three preferred targets (GTT/C/G), account for 78.1% of the observed cleavage, with 46.2% for GTT alone, revealing a very narrow specificity.
  • this cluster includes several proteins which, as QAN, which cleaves mostly GTT (Figure 3a).
  • the three preferred targets in cluster 2 represent only 36.6% of all observed signals.
  • QRR cleaves 5 targets Figure 3a
  • other cluster members' activity are not restricted to these 5 targets.
  • the 75 hybrid targets sequences were cloned as follows: oligonucleotides were designed that contained two different half sites of each mutant palindrome (PROLIGO). Double-stranded target DNA, generated by PCR amplification of the single stranded oligonucleotides, was cloned using the Gateway protocol (INVITROGEN) into yeast and mammalian reporter vectors. Yeast reporter vectors were transformed into S. cerevisiae strain FYBL2-7B (MATa, ura3A851, trpl ⁇ 63, leu2M, lys2A202). B) Results
  • Variants are homodimers capable of cleaving palindromic sites.
  • cleavable targets could be extended by creating heterodimers that would cleave hybrid cleavage sites (as described in Figure 5)
  • a subset of I-Oel variants with distinct profiles was chosen and cloned in two different yeast vectors marked by LEU2 or KAN genes. Combinations of mutants having mutations at positions 44, 68 and/or 70 and N at position 75, were then co-expressed in yeast with a set of palindromic and non palindromic chimeric DNA targets.
  • Example 5 Cleavage of a natural DNA target by assembled heterodimer A) Materials and Methods a) Genome survey
  • a natural target potentially cleaved by a l-Crel variant was identified by scanning the public databases, for genomic sequences matching the pattern caaaacnnrinnnnnnngttttg, wherein n is a, t, c, or g (SEQ ID NO: 2 ).
  • the natural target DNA sequence caaaactatgtagagggttttg was identified in mouse chromosome 17.
  • This DNA sequence is potentially cleaved by a combination of two I- OeI variants cleaving the sequences tcaaaactatgtgaatagttttga (SEQ ID NO: 8) and tcaaaaccctgtgaagggttttga (SEQ ID NO: 9), respectively, b) Isolation of meganuclease variants
  • Variants were selected by the cleavage-induced recombination assay in yeast, as described in example 1, using the sequence tcaaaactatgtgaatagttttga (SEQ ID NO: 8) or the sequence tcaaaaccctgtgaagggttttga (SEQ ID NO: 9) as targets.
  • SEQ ID NO: 8 sequence tcaaaactatgtgaatagtttttga
  • SEQ ID NO: 9 sequence tcaaaaccctgtgaagggttttga
  • Oligonucleotides were designed that contained two different half sites of each mutant palindrome (PROLIGO). Double-stranded target DNA, generated by PCR amplification of the single stranded oligonucleotides, was cloned using the Gateway protocol (INVITROGEN) into the mammalian reporter vector pcDNA3.1- LACURAZ- ⁇ URA, described previously (Epinat et al., precited), to generate the target LagoZ plasmid. d) Construction of meganuclease expression vector
  • ORFs open reading frames of the clones identified during the screening in yeast were amplified by PCR on yeast colony and cloned individually in the CHO expression vector pCDNA6.2 (INVITROGEN), as described in example 1. l-Crel variants were expressed under the control of the CMV promoter. e) Mammalian cells assay
  • CHO-Kl cell line were transiently co-transfected with equimolar amounts of target LagoZ plasmid and expression plasmids, and the beta galactosidase activity was measured as described in examples 2 and 4.
  • a natural DNA target, potentially cleaved by I-Crel variants was identified by performing a genome survey of sequences matching the pattern caaaacnnnnnnnnngttttg.
  • a randomly chosen DNA sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) identified in chromosome 17 of the mouse was cloned into a reporter plasmid. This DNA target was potentially cleaved by a combination of the l-Crel variants A44,R68,S70,N75 (ARS) and K44,R68,E70,N75 (KRE).
  • DNA sequences that can be cleaved by a combination of variant knowing their individual DNA target of homodimer can be different from GTAC, indicating that they play little role in DNA/protein interaction.

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Abstract

L’invention concerne une méganucléase hétérodimérique qui comprend deux domaines de méganucléases différents séparés en deux polypeptides, ladite méganucléase hétérodimérique capable de scinder une séquence cible d’ADN chimérique qui comprend une moitié différente de chaque séquence cible de méganucléase d’ADN parent et l’utilisation de ladite méganucléase hétérodimérique et de produits dérivés pour le génie génétique, la thérapie de génome et la thérapie antivirale.
PCT/IB2005/003083 2005-03-15 2005-09-19 Méganucléases hétérodimériques et leur utilisation WO2007034262A1 (fr)

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PCT/IB2005/003083 WO2007034262A1 (fr) 2005-09-19 2005-09-19 Méganucléases hétérodimériques et leur utilisation
EP10004717A EP2327772A1 (fr) 2005-03-15 2006-03-15 Variantes de méganucléase I-crel avec spécificité modifiée, procédé de préparation et utilisations associées
CN200680012709.7A CN101198694B (zh) 2005-03-15 2006-03-15 具有经修饰的特异性的I-CreI大范围核酸酶变体、其制备方法及应用
PCT/IB2006/001271 WO2006097854A1 (fr) 2005-03-15 2006-03-15 Meganucleases heterodimeriques et utilisation de ces dernieres
EP06744673.2A EP1863909B2 (fr) 2005-03-15 2006-03-15 Variantes des méganucléases i-crei à spécificité modifiée: procédé de préparation et utilisations de celles-ci
US11/908,798 US7897372B2 (en) 2005-03-15 2006-03-15 I-CreI meganuclease variants with modified specificity, method of preparation and uses thereof
JP2008501447A JP2008535484A (ja) 2005-03-15 2006-03-15 特異性が改変されたＩ−ＣｒｅＩメガヌクレアーゼ変異型、その作製方法及びその使用
ES06744673T ES2347684T3 (es) 2005-03-15 2006-03-15 Variantes de la meganucleasa i-crei con especificidad modifica, metodo de preparacion y usos de las mismas.
AU2006224248A AU2006224248B2 (en) 2005-03-15 2006-03-15 I-Crei meganuclease variants with modified specificity, method of preparation and uses thereof
DK06744673.2T DK1863909T3 (da) 2005-03-15 2006-03-15 I-CreI-meganukleasevarianter med modificeret specificitet, fremgangsmåde til fremstilling og anvendelser deraf
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EP10004688A EP2327773A1 (fr) 2005-03-15 2006-03-15 Variantes de méganucléase I-crel avec spécificité modifiée, procédé de préparation et utilisations associées
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