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WO2007015098A1 - Digestion anaerobie de dechets organiques - Google Patents

Digestion anaerobie de dechets organiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007015098A1
WO2007015098A1 PCT/GB2006/002894 GB2006002894W WO2007015098A1 WO 2007015098 A1 WO2007015098 A1 WO 2007015098A1 GB 2006002894 W GB2006002894 W GB 2006002894W WO 2007015098 A1 WO2007015098 A1 WO 2007015098A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reactor
anaerobic
liquid
hydrolysis
treated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2006/002894
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Paul Ditchfield
Barry John Howard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BARRY HOWARD WASTE MANAGEMENT Ltd
Original Assignee
BARRY HOWARD WASTE MANAGEMENT Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BARRY HOWARD WASTE MANAGEMENT Ltd filed Critical BARRY HOWARD WASTE MANAGEMENT Ltd
Publication of WO2007015098A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007015098A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02—Biological treatment
    • C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/025—Thermal hydrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C02F3/286—Anaerobic digestion processes including two or more steps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
    • C12M45/04—Phase separators; Separation of non fermentable material; Fractionation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
    • C12M45/06—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by chemical means or hydrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/20—Sludge processing

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the anaerobic digestion of organic wastes, and in a preferred embodiment provides a highly effective digestion system which offers a number of substantial advantages as compared with the prior art.
  • micro-organisms in an anaerobic digestion process for the treatment of organic waste is well known.
  • organic waste and a suitable culture of anaerobic bacteria are contained within a sealed vessel and the bacteria digests the organic material to produce a harmless liquid effluent and a gas mixture containing methane.
  • ADs Anaerobic Digesters
  • continuous flow ADs have been developed which allow a continuous flow of influent material to be supplied to an AD for anaerobic treatment.
  • Background information relation to the development and practice associated with ADs can be found in the book The Microbiology of Anaerobic Digesters by Michael H Geraldi published by Wiley- hiterscience, John Wiley & Sons, Inc in 2003.
  • the basic idea underlying continuous flow ADs is that a colony of appropriate micro-organisms is established on a fill material having a high surface area, and that the material to be treated flows through the fill material so that the organic material contacts the micro-organisms.
  • fluid flow rates of approximately lxl ⁇ "3 m second '1 are generally considered desirable.
  • these flow rates give rise to significant practical problems in conventional continuous flow AD systems.
  • influent material is added to the bottom of a closed tank and flows upwardly through an active digestion region in which the micro-organisms are located.
  • the low flow rate required in the active region means that material is added to the bottom of the tank at a relatively slow rate.
  • sedimentation of solid materials is liable to occur in the bottom of the tank.
  • sedimentation require periodic shut down of the process to facilitate mechanical removal of the sediment, but the sediment disrupts flow patterns within the tank, increasing the flow velocity in portions of the fill adjacent the infeed and reducing flow velocity at points remote from the infeed.
  • optimise the digestion rate it would be desirable to control exactly the temperature and the pH of the material which is supplied to the digestion zone. This is very difficult in the context of a system in which the lower portion of the tank is partially filled with sediment material.
  • the preferred system of the present invention facilitates precise control of the temperature and pH within the active digestion zone thereby optimising AD digesting characteristics.
  • the preferred embodiment of the present invention is able to achieve a substantially better rate of digestion per unit digester volume than systems of the prior art. Accordingly, digester systems in accordance with the preferred embodiments of the present invention can be made smaller than those of the prior art and achieve the same throughput capacity, or, if made the same size as systems of the prior art, can achieve a substantially higher throughput capacity.
  • a method for the anaerobic digestion of organic waste comprising: mixing organic waste to be treated with a liquid containing an enzyme; treating the resultant mixture in a hydrolysis reactor to induce at least partial hydrolysis of the mixture; and feeding at least a liquid fraction of the treated mixture to an anaerobic reactor for anaerobic digestion, the liquid containing an enzyme being derived from the anaerobic reactor.
  • the pre-treatment of the organic material by a hydrolysis process induced by enzymes results in a feed to the anaerobic reactor which can be rapidly and efficiently digested to produce an output of combustible gas and a liquid which is acceptable to regulatory authorities for discharge to drain.
  • the liquid is rich in enzymes and is utilised in the pre-treatment of the organic material in the hydrolysis reactor. Any surplus liquid is discharged to drain.
  • treated material from the hydrolysis reactor is subject to a solid separation process before the liquid fraction is fed to the anaerobic reactor.
  • a solid separation process at least the bulk of the solid non- digestible material from the organic material to be treated is removed before the remaining material is fed to the anaerobic reactor. This substantially reduces the tendency for sedimentation to takes place in the anaerobic reactor and allows for maximum utilisation of the interior space of the anaerobic reactor.
  • the organic material is emulsified prior to feeding to the hydrolysis reactor.
  • the liquid containing an enzyme is mixed with the organic material to be treated prior to the emulsification process.
  • the organic material to be treated is subject to a maceration process prior to emulsification.
  • the maceration process may be affected with a suitable comminuter device.
  • the liquid containing an enzyme is at least in part added to the organic material to be treated subsequent to maceration in order to adjust the liquid content to an optimum level for emulsification and subsequent hydrolysis.
  • the gas produced in the anaerobic reactor is used as fuel for an engine to derive useful work for export.
  • Waste heat derived from the engine, and/or heat derived directly from the gas produced in the anaerobic reactor may be used to maintain optimum process temperatures throughout the treatment plant. Surplus waste heat may be utilised for other purposes, for example space heating.
  • the drawing illustrates an anaerobic digestion plant 1 for the treatment of an organic material which is supplied through an inlet 2.
  • the organic material will be a waste material, for example derived from an abattoir or food processing plant.
  • the organic material arriving on the inlet 1 is, if appropriate, screened to remove potentially damaging non-organic material and is then fed by a screw conveyor 3 to a macerator 4 for primary maceration.
  • the macerator may, for example, comprise a commercially available comminuter, for example a mono muncher.
  • the organic material to be treated is mixed with a liquid received via an input 5 from an anaerobic digestion plant 6, to be described in more detail hereinafter.
  • the output of the macerator is fed via a line 7 to a mixing and dilution tank 8. Further liquid derived from the anaerobic digester 6 is added to the macerated material via a line 9 to optimise the mixture within the tank 8.
  • the liquid derived from the anaerobic digestion plant is rich in enzymes and accordingly the material in the tank 8 consists of a slurry of organic material, water and enzymes.
  • the storage temperature and chemical conditions within the tank 8 are optimised to ensure initiation of solublisation and pre-hydrolysis of the organic material.
  • Material from the tank 8 is fed via a line 10 to an emulsifier 11. Additional liquid containing an enzyme, again derived from an anaerobic reactor may be added via a line 12 to the emulsifier.
  • the emulsifier 11 may be a commercially available emulsifier, for example from Silverson machines.
  • the emulsified material from the emulsifier is fed via a line 13 to a hydrolysis reactor 14.
  • the hydrolysis reactor maybe a commercially available hydrolysis reactor, for example a BHP high rate hydrolyser.
  • substantially complete hydrolysis of the organic material may be obtained in the hydrolysis reactor 14 with the result that the material leaving the hydrolysis reactor 14 via line 15 contains substantially only suspended solids which are not suitable for anaerobic digestion and a solution which is susceptible to anaerobic digestion.
  • the operating temperature of the hydrolysis reactor may be about 8O 0 C.
  • the outflow mixture from the hydrolysis reactor is fed to a suitable separator 16 to remove the solids.
  • the solids may be removed by any suitable separator and may, for example, be vacuum dried to produce a solid material which may be sold as fertiliser.
  • heat may be recovered from the line 15 to reduce the temperature of the outflow mixture prior to removal of solids by the separator 16.
  • heat may be removed with the solids to reduce the temperature of the liquid leaving the separator 16 relative to the temperature of the mixture arriving at the separator 16.
  • the liquid fraction of the material from the hydrolysis reactor 14 passes through the separator 16 and is fed by a pump 17 as an input 18 to an anaerobic reactor 19.
  • the anaerobic reactor 19 may be of substantially known design and comprise a fill on which is established a colony of anaerobic bacteria for digestion of the solution supplied through the inlet 18. Because the material supplied through the inlet 18 is substantially only a solution of material susceptible to an anaerobic digestion, the anaerobic reactor may operate in a highly efficient mode to produce rapid anaerobic digestion. In order to optimise the anaerobic reactions the temperature within the reactor is preferably controlled (e.g.
  • Heat for the heater 20 may be derived from any suitable source, but in the preferred embodiment is derived from waste heat produced by an engine 22 which is powered using bio-gas produced in the reactor 19 and supplied to the engine via a line 23.
  • anaerobic digestion of the inflow material is effected by the bacteria colony which produces a bio-gas output which exits the top of the reactor vessel via a line 24.
  • the bio-gas mixture typically comprises carbon dioxide and methane.
  • Liquid effluent from the reactor leaves via a line 25 and passes through a de-gasser 26, the gas output of which flows via line 27 to join the gas exiting the top of the reactor via line 24.
  • Liquid from the de-gasser passes through a line 28 to an overflow tank 29.
  • the liquid in the overflow tank 29 is rich in enzymes but is of a quality permitted for discharge into a drainage system via an overflow line 30.
  • Material from the overflow tank 29 is also used via a recycle line 31. Liquid from the line 31 passes through the heater 20 and receives, if necessary, pH correction material from the dosing device 21 prior to passing through a mixer 32 and being returned to the inlet 18 of the anaerobic reactor.
  • the biological processes within the anaerobic reactor may be controlled to ensure the necessary quality of effluent.
  • Liquid from the overflow tank 29 is also returned by a recycle pump 33 to a line 34 to provide an enzyme rich liquid to the pre-treatment equipment, as described above. It may prove desirable to increase, to a significant extent, the temperature of the liquid supplied on the line 34. Although this liquid will contain a mixture of microorganisms and enzymes, its use is solely as a diluent and as a source of enzymes to the hydrolysis reactor 14. Accordingly, the liquid can be heated to a temperature at which any micro-organisms within the liquid are destroyed, without reducing the effectiveness of the liquid as a diluent or as a source of enzymes.
  • Heating the liquid in line the 34 to a suitable temperature provides a convenient means of heating the influent flow to an optimum temperature for both pre-treatment in the tank 8 and hydrolysis within the hydrolysis reactor 14.
  • a suitable heater 35 may be provided for heating the contents of the line 34.
  • the heater 35 may derive its heat from any suitable source, for example waste heat from the engine 22 or by burning bio-gas from the anaerobic reactor.
  • the engine 22 which runs at least in part on bio-gas produced within the anaerobic reactor 19 is used to produce useful work which is exported from the process. Waste heat from the engine may also be exported for useful purposes, for example space heating or process heating.
  • the above described embodiment of the invention produces a highly efficient digestion of organic material.
  • a highly efficient anaerobic reaction process may be carried out.
  • the overall throughput of the plant is substantially higher than that which would previously had been expected from a plant having an anaerobic reactor of the size present in the embodiment described.
  • the overall process is at least energy neutral and, if efficiencies at each stage are optimised can result in the export of useful energy from the plant.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un appareil correspondant pour la digestion anaérobie d'un déchet organique. Cet appareil comprend un réacteur d'hydrolyse (14) dans lequel le déchet organique est soumis à une hydrolyse avant que la fraction liquide du produit sortant du réacteur d'hydrolyse ne soit transférée à un réacteur anaérobie (19). La fraction solide du produit sortant du réacteur d'hydrolyse est éliminée au moyen d'un séparateur (16). La sortie de liquide provenant du réacteur anaérobie est retournée par une canalisation de retour (34) après un éventuel chauffage par un système de chauffage (35), afin d'être mélangée au flux d'influent de la matière à traiter. La matière d'afflux est macérée dans un système de macération (14), puis est émulsionnée dans un système émulseur (11) avant d'être transférée au réacteur d'hydrolyse (14).
PCT/GB2006/002894 2005-08-04 2006-08-03 Digestion anaerobie de dechets organiques Ceased WO2007015098A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0516311.8 2005-08-04
GB0516311A GB0516311D0 (en) 2005-08-04 2005-08-04 Anaerobic digestion of organic wastes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007015098A1 true WO2007015098A1 (fr) 2007-02-08

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PCT/GB2006/002894 Ceased WO2007015098A1 (fr) 2005-08-04 2006-08-03 Digestion anaerobie de dechets organiques

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GB (2) GB0516311D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007015098A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012011802A2 (fr) 2010-07-19 2012-01-26 Green Energy Technologies Cv Dispositif et procédé pour la digestion anaérobie de matière organique en biogaz au moyen de micro-organismes

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2920761B1 (fr) * 2007-09-11 2012-01-13 Agronomique Inst Nat Rech Procede de traitement en continu de produits organiques solides et installation pour le traitement en continu de produits organiques solides
DE102008038502A1 (de) * 2008-08-20 2010-02-25 Dieter Freinecker Verfahren zur Erzeugung und Verteilung von Energie
ITVI20090242A1 (it) * 2009-10-05 2011-04-06 Giuseppe Loppoli Metodo di produzione di biogas e impianto utilizzante tale metodo
CN101786771B (zh) * 2010-03-19 2011-07-20 中国科学院广州能源研究所 一种城市生活有机垃圾强化水解和厌氧消化产生生物燃气的配套设备

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4663043A (en) * 1983-08-10 1987-05-05 Purac Aktiebolag Method of treating peroxide-containing wastewater
WO1988004282A1 (fr) * 1986-12-08 1988-06-16 Waste=Energy Corporation Procede de restructuration et de conversion de boues
US5529692A (en) * 1992-04-16 1996-06-25 Rea Gesellschaft Fur Recycling Von Energie Und Abfall Mbh Method and apparatus for anaerobic biological hydrolysis and for subsequent biomethanization
US5670047A (en) * 1996-04-15 1997-09-23 Burke; Dennis A. Anaerobic treatment process for the rapid hydrolysis and conversion of organic materials to soluble and gaseous components
US20060060526A1 (en) * 2003-04-30 2006-03-23 Rupert Binning Method and apparatus for anaerobic digestion of biomasses and generation of biogas

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6297698A (ja) * 1985-10-25 1987-05-07 レナ−ト・ジ−・エリツクソン 汚泥の再構成および転化法
NL9100063A (nl) * 1991-01-15 1992-08-03 Pacques Bv Werkwijze en inrichting voor de biologische behandeling van vast organisch materiaal.
DE4308920A1 (de) * 1993-03-19 1994-09-22 Linde Kca Dresden Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Bioabfällen oder dergleichen

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4663043A (en) * 1983-08-10 1987-05-05 Purac Aktiebolag Method of treating peroxide-containing wastewater
WO1988004282A1 (fr) * 1986-12-08 1988-06-16 Waste=Energy Corporation Procede de restructuration et de conversion de boues
US5529692A (en) * 1992-04-16 1996-06-25 Rea Gesellschaft Fur Recycling Von Energie Und Abfall Mbh Method and apparatus for anaerobic biological hydrolysis and for subsequent biomethanization
US5670047A (en) * 1996-04-15 1997-09-23 Burke; Dennis A. Anaerobic treatment process for the rapid hydrolysis and conversion of organic materials to soluble and gaseous components
US5670047B1 (en) * 1996-04-15 1999-09-07 Burke, Dennis, A. Anaerobic treatment process for the rapid hydrolysis and conversion of organic materials to soluble and gaseous components
US20060060526A1 (en) * 2003-04-30 2006-03-23 Rupert Binning Method and apparatus for anaerobic digestion of biomasses and generation of biogas

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012011802A2 (fr) 2010-07-19 2012-01-26 Green Energy Technologies Cv Dispositif et procédé pour la digestion anaérobie de matière organique en biogaz au moyen de micro-organismes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2428670A (en) 2007-02-07
GB0516311D0 (en) 2005-09-14
GB0615455D0 (en) 2006-09-13

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