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WO2007011700A2 - Procede pour synthetiser des hydrocarbures de charbon avec de l'ethanol - Google Patents

Procede pour synthetiser des hydrocarbures de charbon avec de l'ethanol Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007011700A2
WO2007011700A2 PCT/US2006/027314 US2006027314W WO2007011700A2 WO 2007011700 A2 WO2007011700 A2 WO 2007011700A2 US 2006027314 W US2006027314 W US 2006027314W WO 2007011700 A2 WO2007011700 A2 WO 2007011700A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coal
hydrocarbons
release agent
ethyl alcohol
synthesizing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2006/027314
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English (en)
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WO2007011700A3 (fr
Inventor
Anthony R. Mills
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US11/994,998 priority Critical patent/US20080196298A1/en
Publication of WO2007011700A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007011700A2/fr
Publication of WO2007011700A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007011700A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to methods for producing a fuel. More particularly, the invention relates to methods of releasing hydrocarbons of coal in the presence of ethanol to produce a fuel.
  • An automobile that is powered by pure ethanol ideally has a fuel tank made of fiberglass or a metal tank that is coated with pure tin.
  • the fuel lines are preferably cadmium brass.
  • the fuel filler system is ideally re-dimensioned to allow a greater fuel outlet since ethanol is a thicker fluid than gasoline and will not flow readily through a gasoline-sized carburetor jet(s).
  • the octane rate is a number that represents the antiknock properties determined by the percentage of isooctane. The higher the number, the greater the antiknock properties.
  • Most gasoline-powered automobiles have an 8 to 1 - 9 to 1 compression rate.
  • Ethanol which has a much higher octane content than gasoline, can take a compression- rate of 12 to 1 - 15 to 1 . Accordingly, it would be desirable to have modified cylinders when using ethanol as a fuel.
  • Gasoline-powered vehicles would benefit from a fuel tank of fiberglass or a metal tank coated with tin, a nickel-based treated carburetor, a valve housing of iron-cobalt and chromed valves.
  • Gasohol 120,900 (which is 90 percent gasoline and 1 0 percent ethanol)
  • a British Thermal Unit is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.
  • the method for synthesizing hydrocarbons of coal with ethyl alcohol includes the Steps of extracting hydrocarbons from the coal using a ifFole ⁇ geiiaigeni-ipipd svattesiteif uihe extracted coal hydrocarbons with an ethyl alcohol product to produce a fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine.
  • Some alternative embodiments further include the Steps of re-distilling the ethyl alcohol with a caustic soda and to reduce particle contamination and at least partially remove moisture from the Ethyl Alcohol in the extracting and synthesizing steps, adding the coal in the re-distillation Step at a ratio of about 1 .5 pounds per gallon of ethyl alcohol.
  • ethyl alcohol or what is known as denatured ethyl alcohol
  • methanol is blended with methanol and synthesized with the hydrocarbons of coal.
  • the coal hydrocarbons are extracted (i.e.. "released " ) and synthesized with ethyl alcohol to produce a fuel that could replace imported petroleum-based gasoline for the internal combustion engine.
  • released a 'release agent 1 or heat
  • ethyl alcohol is blended with methanol and synthesized with the hydrocarbons of coal.
  • the coal hydrocarbons are extracted (i.e.. "released " ) and synthesized with ethyl alcohol to produce a fuel that could replace imported petroleum-based gasoline for the internal combustion engine.
  • This would eliminate costly geographic petroleum searches, production, and oil platforms.
  • a processed fuel of ethyl alcohol and coal would be high in octane and have minimal exhaust impurities.
  • Ethyl alcohol is also known as ethanol. Ethyl alcohol can be distilled from any grain, fruit and fruit remains, such as the discarded pulp after the grape has been pressed to make wine. I 1 Or examples, without limitation, sugar cane and sugar beets can easily be distilled to make ethyl alcohol. U S w 'd e 'y commercially available. Ethyl alcohol synthesized with coal hydrocarbons would also increase the volume of fuel.
  • Suitable release agents include, but are not limited to:
  • coal is an inorganic hydrocarbon and EthanoL is an organic hydrocarbon; it is preferred to have an inorganic Release Agent.
  • Acetone CH3COCH3 is a colorless, volatile, extremely flammable liquid. It is found and derived through the distillation of wood, sugar and cellulose. However, as acetone is derived from an organic source; distillation of wood, sugar and cellulose, it is an adequate but less preferred Release Agent in many practical applications.
  • Amyl is the monovalent radical C5H 1 1 of any various isometric forms.
  • a ketone is one class o ⁇ ' reactive organic compounds in which the divalent carbonyl group, CO, combines with two hydrocarbon radicals.
  • the general formula is R1 (CO)R2.
  • Methyl is the monovalent organic radical CTD. It may be produced by the thermal decomposition ofwood.
  • Xylene is any of three colorless hydrocarbons, C8H 10, which may be derived from coal tar, wood tar and petroleum.
  • release agent is meant a compound or process that releases hydrocarbons inherent in coal.
  • the release agent chemically (and physically) penetrates the coal because of a much attenuated molecular structure. It then separates the hydrocarbons which, when inundated with cthanol and heated to a desired temperature, for example, without limitation. 160 degrees (71 .1 degrees Celsius), blend with the expanding ethanol molecules.
  • Various release agents are contemplated in the present invention. By way of example, and not limitation, methyl N-amyl ketone, xylene, acetone, xylene ethyl benzene, gasoline, and combinations thereof are suitable release agents. These release agents are widely commercially available.
  • Methyl N-amyl ketone alone is a particularly advantageous release agent in some applications.
  • Methyl N-amyl Ketone and Xylene will be the preferred Release Agents.
  • ' ::i ⁇
  • acetone may be mixed with another release agent, e.g., xylene that has a more moderate evaporation rate.
  • Other combinations and release agents will be apparent to one skilled in the art.
  • Ethanol used in the fuel making process is also, to a lesser extent, a release agent.
  • heat may be used as a release agent, as described in more detail below.
  • Anthracite coal is the hardest, possesses the highest carbon content, lowest sulfur and moisture content of the coals. Anthracite coal was formed in North America about 300 million years ago. After numerous climatic and seismic changes when the Earth's land mass were one super-continent called Pangaea, continents drifted apart, until checked by contra- faults which trapped and compressed ancient forest deposits. Coal beds east of the Appalachians were compressed to the extreme degree which resulted in a high carbon quality; impurities such as sulfur were expunged.
  • Anthracite coal beds in North America are found at steep pitched angles along five counties of eastern ' Pennsylvania; Schylicill, Carbon, Luzerne, Northernaberiard, Lackawanna, Columbia, Dauphin and Sullivan Counties. Ol the estimated 16 billion tons of anthracite coal located at the northeastern part of Pennsylvania, about half is recoverable. On the West Coast the State of Washington also has anthracite coal deposits. The State of Alaska has an estimated 3 billion tons of recoverable anthracite coal. The anthracite coal beds of the United Kingdom and Western Europe are for the most part depleted. It is known that there are vast tracts of coal beds in Antarctica, although the amount of anthracite in this location is unknown.
  • Bituminous (or soft coal) has a lower carbon content than anthracite. This type of coal is high in volatile gases, ash and moisture. With regard to the present invention, the dust particles from bituminous could be remedied by a simple filler. Such a filtration system may be used with other types of coal as well.
  • Sub-bituminous and lignite (brown) coal may be less advantageous than anthracite and bituminous coal for making a ethanol/coal hydrocarbon fuel, but may be appropriate in certain applications.
  • the hydrocarbons utilized in the present invention are located in the carbon content of coal.
  • Sulfur is a semi-toxic nonflammable byproduct found in coal.
  • sulfur is a lubricant internal combustion engine, because sulfur is nonflammable it is emitted through the exhaust. Hence sulfur is a serious atmospheric pollutant.
  • Anthracite coal has a carbon content between 86 to 98 per cent.
  • One pound of anthracite has an estimated 1 5,000 BlOs. Accordingly, an estimated 2.4 pounds of Anthracite Coal would be required to be synthesized with Ethanol, in an embodiment of the present invention, which results in a fuel similar in energy content with gasohol.
  • Bituminous coal has a carbon content from 45 to 86 per cent and a BTU value per pound between 10,500 to 15,500. Accordingly, an estimated 3 to 2.4 pounds of'Bituminous Coal would be required to be synthesized with Ethanol in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Sub-bituminous Coal has a carbon content between 35 and 45 per cent with a BTU value between 8300 and 13.000 per pound.
  • Lignite Coal has a carbon content of 25 to 35 per cent and a BTU value of 4,000 to 8,300 per pound.
  • Sub-bituminous coal has a relatively good BTU value, which would otherwise be useful; however, sub-bituminous, as well as Lignite, are known for their undesirably high sulfur content.
  • anthracite coal is utilized.
  • Anthracite coal has the highest carbon content and low sulfur and would likely produce the lowest emissions.
  • Coal hydrocarbons would thus increase the British Thermal Unit and Energy content of ethanol which is approximately one third less than gasoline. Additionally, coal hydrocarbons would also add a natural lubricant that, as is well-known in the art, ethanol lacks.
  • bituminous coal is utilized.
  • Bituminous coal contains sulfur.
  • Release agents can be used to isolate and release undesirable elements such as sulfur.
  • Acetone is often employed to purge coal of sulfur.
  • Depleted coal known as 'coke,' could be used as a l ⁇ w-grade fuel.
  • gasoline may be used as a purge/release agent to prepare coal to be synthesized with ethanol.
  • 'Coke,' could be utilized as a fuel source when heat is required to distill and re-distill elhanol and the hydrocarbons of coal.
  • An etha ⁇ ol/coal hydrocarbon fuel of an embodiment of the present -invention combined with vegetable oil may be an acceptable substitute for the diesel engine.
  • an ethanol/coal fuel of the present invention could be mixed with vegetable oil heated to some desired temperature, e.g., 150-160 degrees Fahrenheit. No modification of the diesel engine would be required.
  • Pure ethyl alcohol should not be used as a fuel for the internal combustion engine because it lacks a natural lubricant which is inherent in petroleum based gasoline. Pure ethyl alcohol contains minute amounts of water which can prematurely deteriorate an internal combustion engine. Additionally, an internal combustion engine fueled by pure ethyl alcohol could prove difficult to start when the ambient temperature is less than forty degrees Fahrenheit.
  • Another exemplary release agent is a combination of acetone and xylene.
  • a mixture of 60 per cent acetone and 40 per cent xylene may be used.
  • other proportions of varrous release agents may be utilized in the present invention.
  • the coal is placed in a separate steel container where it is doused with the release agent for one half hour to forty five minutes.
  • the container is then lowered into the ethyl alcohol and remains there from six to twelve hours.
  • the heat may be provided by solar energy. When thus healed, the fuel with the synthesized coal hydrocarbons would expand exponentially.
  • the temperature of the synthesis is preferably kept at or below 160 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • a chemical Release Agent could be eliminated by healing the coal then lowering it into the ethyl alcohol. However, some caution should be exercised because the boiling point of ethyl alcohol is a mere 78 degrees Celsius or 172.4 degrees Fahrenheit. The auto-ignition temperature is 363 degrees Celsius or 685.4 degrees Fahrenheit. Coal heated to 35 degrees Fahrenheit below the flash point of ethanol would release the hydrocarbons.
  • the final fuel product could contain hydrocarbons that the gasoline internal combustion engine can not safely burn.
  • Coal contains many hydrocarbons and it is within the realm of possibility that a diesel fuel could also be manufactured.
  • the heavier fuel such as. but not limited to, any diesel product, would preferably be layered below the alcohol/coal hydrocarbon mixture. Any moisture that would find its way into this embodiment would tend to settle to the bottom layer where it could be'discarded.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un nouveau carburant pour un moteur à combustion interne à essence, ainsi qu'un additif pour un moteur à combustion interne diesel, mis au point en produisant une synthèse d'éthanol/charbon approchant la teneur BTU du gasohol. Dans un mode de réalisation, le processus de synthèse consiste à extraire des hydrocarbures du charbon au moyen d'un agent de libération, puis à synthétiser les hydrocarbures de charbon extraits avec un produit à base d'alcool éthylique, de manière à produire un carburant qui peut être utilisé dans un moteur à combustion interne.
PCT/US2006/027314 2005-07-15 2006-07-14 Procede pour synthetiser des hydrocarbures de charbon avec de l'ethanol Ceased WO2007011700A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/994,998 US20080196298A1 (en) 2005-07-15 2006-07-14 Synthesizing Hydrocarbons of Coal with Ethanol

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US69977405P 2005-07-15 2005-07-15
US60/699,774 2005-07-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007011700A2 true WO2007011700A2 (fr) 2007-01-25
WO2007011700A3 WO2007011700A3 (fr) 2007-10-04

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PCT/US2006/027314 Ceased WO2007011700A2 (fr) 2005-07-15 2006-07-14 Procede pour synthetiser des hydrocarbures de charbon avec de l'ethanol

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US (1) US20080196298A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007011700A2 (fr)

Family Cites Families (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US3970545A (en) * 1972-11-10 1976-07-20 Atlantic Richfield Company Hydrocarbon desulfurization utilizing a non-catalytic hydrogen donor step and an oxidation step
US4229185A (en) * 1975-11-10 1980-10-21 Occidental Petroleum Corporation Process for the gasification of carbonaceous materials
US4403576A (en) * 1977-04-04 1983-09-13 Southwest Research Institute Fuel system for and a method of operating a spark-ignited internal combustion engine
US4089657A (en) * 1977-05-16 1978-05-16 The Keller Corporation Stabilized suspension of carbon in hydrocarbon fuel and method of preparation
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EP0020012A1 (fr) * 1979-05-14 1980-12-10 Aeci Ltd Combustible et procédé de fonctionnement d'un moteur
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20080196298A1 (en) 2008-08-21
WO2007011700A3 (fr) 2007-10-04

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