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WO2007005531A2 - Alcenyldiarylmethanes, analogues fondus et synthese - Google Patents

Alcenyldiarylmethanes, analogues fondus et synthese Download PDF

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WO2007005531A2
WO2007005531A2 PCT/US2006/025392 US2006025392W WO2007005531A2 WO 2007005531 A2 WO2007005531 A2 WO 2007005531A2 US 2006025392 W US2006025392 W US 2006025392W WO 2007005531 A2 WO2007005531 A2 WO 2007005531A2
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mmol
compound
nmr
optionally substituted
mixture
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WO2007005531A3 (fr
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Mark S. Cushman
Bo-Liang Deng
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Purdue Research Foundation
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Priority to US11/993,938 priority patent/US20080300288A1/en
Publication of WO2007005531A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007005531A2/fr
Publication of WO2007005531A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007005531A3/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
    • C07C255/49—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton
    • C07C255/57—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton containing cyano groups and carboxyl groups, other than cyano groups, bound to the carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D261/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings
    • C07D261/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
    • C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D263/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
    • C07D263/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D263/18—Oxygen atoms
    • C07D263/20—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2
    • C07D263/22—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to other ring carbon atoms

Definitions

  • the invention described herein relates to compositions useful for treating viral diseases.
  • the compounds described herein are useful for treating acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HPV) infection.
  • AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
  • HPV human immunodeficiency virus
  • AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
  • HPV human immunodeficiency virus type 1
  • HPV-I RT is a multifunctional heterodimer consisting of a 66-kDa subunit and a 51-kDa subunit that, as a proteolytic product of the p66 subunit, has the same sequence as the corresponding region of p66 subunit but adopts a different conformation.
  • HPV-I RT is one of the major targets of the antiretro viral drug therapies that are used in the treatment of AIDS. It has been reported that non-nucleoside inhibitors of HPV-I reverse transcriptase (NNRTIs) inhibit the enzyme by occupation of an induced allosteric binding site very close to the active site. See generally, De Clercq, E. Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs): Past, Present, and Future. Chem. Biodiversity 2004, 1, 44-64; Esnouf, R.; Ren, J.; Ross, C; Jones, Y.; Stammers, D.; Stuart, D.
  • Described herein are compounds useful for treating viral diseases, and methods for treating viral diseases.
  • described herein are processes for preparing the compounds useful for treating viral diseases. hi one embodiment, alkenyldiarylmethan.es having the general formula (I) are described
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from optionally substituted monocyclic and bicyclic aryls; double bond a is an E-double bond or a Z-double bond; n is an integer in the range from 1 to about 5; and Z is a carboxylic acid derivative or an analog thereof.
  • the groups Ar and Ar 2 are the same, hi another aspect, the groups Ar 1 ands Ar 2 are different.
  • the double bond in formula I has the E-geometry.
  • the double bond in formula I has the Z-geometry.
  • the group Z is an ester, such as an optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted aryl ester, hi another aspect, when Z is a methyl ester, the groups Ar 1 and Ar 2 are different.
  • the group Z is a cyclic analog of a carboxylic acid, such as an oxazolidinone, and the like.
  • the groups Ar 1 and Ar 2 are different and the group Z is a cyclic analog of a carboxylic acid, such as an oxazolidinone, and the like, hi another aspect, the integer n is 2 or 3.
  • alkenyldiarylmethanes having the general formula (II) are described
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from optionally substituted monocyclic and bicyclic aryls; double bond a is an E-double bond or a Z-double bond; and n is an integer in the range from 1 to about 5.
  • alkenyldiarylmethanes having the general formulae (III) are described
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are selected from optionally substituted monocyclic and bicyclic aryls; double bond a is an E-double bond or a Z-double bond; n is an integer in the range from 1 to about 5;
  • Z is a carboxylic acid derivative or an analog thereof.
  • R a represents 1, 2, or 3 substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, hydroxy, nitro, carboxylate and derivatives thereof, cyano, carbamoyl, carboxamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkylalkylamino, sulfonamide, and alkylsulfonylamino; and one of bond b or bond c is a double bond, and the other of bond b or bond c is a single bond; and R b and R c are each an optionally substituted alkyl; -A- providing that when bond b is a double bond, R b is absent; and when bond c is a double bond, R c is absent.
  • alkenyldiarylmethanes having the general formulae (IV) are described
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are selected from optionally substituted monocyclic and bicyclic aryls; double bond a is an E-double bond or a Z-double bond; n is an integer in the range from 1 to about 5; Z is a carboxylic acid derivative or an analog thereof; and R a represents 1, 2, or 3 substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, hydroxy, nitro, carboxylate and derivatives thereof, cyano, carbamoyl, carboxamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkylalkylamino, sulfonamide, and alkylsulfonylamino; and one of bond b or bond c is a double bond, and the other of bond b or bond c is a single bond; and R b and R° are each an optionally substituted alkyl; providing that when bond b is
  • the compounds of formulae I - IV described herein are useful for treating viral diseases, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and the like.
  • the compounds of formulae I - IV described herein are efficacious against viral strains, such as HIV viral strains, that have become resistant to other drugs, including other alkenyldiarylmethanes, azidothymidine (AZT), nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz, and the like.
  • the compounds of formulae I - rv described herein have improved metabolic stability, such as improved metabolic stability in plasma as dete ⁇ nined by the half-life of the compounds in rat blood plasma.
  • the compounds of formulae I - IV described herein inhibit the cytopathic effect of HIV-I reverse transcriptase.
  • the viral disease is attributable to HIV.
  • the viral disease is responsive to enzyme inhibition, such as inhibition of HIV-I reverse transcriptase.
  • the compounds of formulae I - IV described herein are combined with known or conventional compounds or therapies, such as drug combinations that include one or more of the compounds described herein and other alkenyldiarylmethanes, azidothymidine (AZT), nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz, and the like.
  • processes for preparing the compounds of formulae I - IV include the step of preparing a sulfonate derivative of an alkyl alcohol, such as a primary alcohol, where the step comprises contacting the alcohol with the corresponding sulfonyl chloride or sulfonyl triflate and an inorganic base, such as potassium or sodium hydroxide, in a solvent including tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water.
  • an alkyl alcohol such as a primary alcohol
  • an inorganic base such as potassium or sodium hydroxide
  • the processes include the step of preparing a methyl ester or aromatic methyl ether, such as a methyl ether of a phenolic hydroxyl, where the step comprises contacting the corresponding carboxylic acid or aryl alcohol with dimethylsulfate, an inorganic base such as potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and the like, and a phase-transfer catalyst, such as a tetraalkylammonium halide, in a biphasic solvent comprising dichloromethane (DCM) and water.
  • DCM dichloromethane
  • the processes include the step of preparing a compound of the formula
  • n is an integer in the range from 1 to about 5;
  • Ar 1 is selected from optionally substituted monocyclic and bicyclic aryls;
  • R is an alkyl group, such as n-butyl, and Z is a carboxylic acid derivative or an analog thereof, where the step comprises slowly contacting a dilute solution of a metal catalyst, such as Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 , Pd(PPh 3 ) 2 Cl 2 , and the like, and a compound of the formula with a trialkyltin hydride.
  • the step proceeds with high regioselectivity and high geometric or stereoselectivity.
  • the processes include the step of preparing a compound of the formula
  • n is an integer in the range from 1 to about 5;
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from optionally substituted monocyclic and bicyclic aryls, and Z is a carboxylic acid derivative or an analog thereof, where the step comprises contacting a solution comprising toluene at reflux, a compound of the formula Ar 2 -L, where L is a leaving group such as a halo, trialkylstannnyl, boronyl, and the like, a metal catalyst, such as Pd(P(t-Bu) 3 ) 2 , and the like, CsF, and a compound of the formula
  • n is an integer in the range from 1 to about 5;
  • Ar 1 is selected from optionally substituted monocyclic and bicyclic aryls;
  • R is an alkyl group, such as n-butyl, and Z is a carboxylic acid derivative or an analog thereof.
  • illustrative embodiments of the compounds of formulae I - rv may include those aspects wherein the double bond has the E-geometry and Z is a cyclic analog of a carboxylic acid.
  • illustrative embodiments of the compounds of formulae I - IV may include those aspects wherein the double bond has the Z-geometry, and Z is a cyclic analog of a carboxylic acid.
  • illustrative embodiments of the methods described herein may include those aspects wherein the viral disease is AIDS, and the method also includes the step of adding another protease inhibitor, such as AZT. It is to be understood that the additional step may be separate in time from the step of adding a compound of formulae I - IV; or may be contemporaneous or simultaneous. Further, it is to be understood that in the contemporaneous or simultaneous variation the compounds may be combined. In addition, illustrative embodiments of the processes described herein may include those aspects wherein the step of preparing a compound of the formula
  • Ar 1 , Ar 2 , n, R, and Z are as defined herein.
  • alkenyldiarylmethanes having the general formula (I) are described
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from optionally substituted monocyclic and bicyclic aryls; double bond a is an E-double bond or a Z-double bond; n is an integer in the range from 1 to about 5; and
  • Z is a carboxylic acid derivative or an analog thereof.
  • the groups Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same. In another aspect, the groups Ar 1 ands Ar 2 are different. In another aspect, the double bond in formula I has the E-geometry. In another aspect, the double bond in formula I has the Z-geometry. In another aspect, the group Z is an ester, such as an optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted aryl ester. In another aspect, when Z is a methyl ester, the groups Ar 1 and Ar 2 are different. In another aspect, when the groups Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same, Z is not a methyl ester. In another aspect, when the groups Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same, Z is not an alkyl ester.
  • Z is not an alkyl ester.
  • the group Z is a cyclic analog of a carboxylic acid, such as an oxazolidinone, and the like.
  • the groups Ar 1 and Ar 2 are different and the group Z is a cyclic analog of a carboxylic acid, such as an oxazolidinone, and the like.
  • the integer n is 2 or 3.
  • combination therapies are described, wherein the compounds described herein are combined with other known or conventional drugs or therapies.
  • a number of HIV-I strains containing AZT resistance mutations have shown increased sensitivity to alkenyldiarylmethanes, such as those compounds described herein, indicating a possible therapeutic role for those compounds in combination with AZT. See, Cushman, M.; Casimiro-Garcia, A.; Hejchman, E.; Ruell, J. A.; Huang, M.; Schaeffer, C. A.; Williamson, K.; Rice, W. G.; Buckheit, R. W., Jr. New Alkenyldiarylmethanes with Enhanced Potencies as Anti-HIV Agents Which Act as Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors J. Med. Chem.
  • Alkenyldiarylmethanes have been found to inhibit the cytopathic effect of HIV-I in cell culture at low nanomolar concentrations, some with EC 50 values of about 0.02 ⁇ M to about 0.21 ⁇ M for inhibition of the cytopathic effect of HIV-IR F in CEM-SS cells, and IC 50 values of from about 0.074 ⁇ M to about 0.499 ⁇ M for HIV-I RT with rCdG as the template primer.
  • the compounds of formula I include more metabolically stable carboxylic acid analogs and derivatives, such as carbamates, cyclic carbamates, oxazolidinones, and the like, such as compounds of formula II
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from optionally substituted monocyclic and bicyclic aryls; double bond a is an E-double bond or a Z-double bond; and n is an integer in the range from 1 to about 5.
  • the groups Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same.
  • the groups Ar 1 ands Ar 2 are different.
  • the double bond in formula II has the E-geometry.
  • the double bond in formula II has the Z-geometry.
  • the integer n is 2 or 3.
  • geometrically isomeric compounds 3 and 4 are described. It is appreciated that the cyclic carbamate present in 3 and 4 may be more metabolically stable than the corresponding esters 5 and 6.
  • alkenyldiarylmethanes having the general formulae (III) are described
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are selected from optionally substituted monocyclic and bicyclic aryls; double bond a is an E-double bond or a Z-double bond; n is an integer in the range from 1 to about 5;
  • Z is a carboxylic acid derivative or an analog thereof; and R a represents 1, 2, or 3 substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, hydroxy, nitro, carboxylate and derivatives thereof, cyano, carbamoyl, carboxamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkylalkylamino, sulfonamide, and alkylsulfonylamino; and one of bond b or bond c is a double bond, and the other of bond b or bond c is a single bond; and R b and R c are each an optionally substituted alkyl; providing that when bond b is a double bond, R is absent; and when bond c is a double bond, R c is absent.
  • alkenyldiarylmethanes having the general formulae (IV) are described
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are selected from optionally substituted monocyclic and bicyclic aryls; double bond a is an E-double bond or a Z-double bond; n is an integer in the range from 1 to about 5; Z is a carboxylic acid derivative or an analog thereof; and
  • R a represents 1, 2, or 3 substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, hydroxy, nitro, carboxylate and derivatives thereof, cyano, carbamoyl, carboxamido, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkylalkylamino, sulfonamide, and alkylsulfonylamino; and one of bond b or bond c is a double bond, and the other of bond b or bond c is a single bond; and R b and R c are each an optionally substituted alkyl; providing that when bond b is a double bond, R b is absent; and when bond c is a double bond, R c is absent.
  • the groups Ar 1 and Ar 2 are the same. In another aspect, the groups Ar 1 ands Ar 2 are different. In another aspect, the double bond in formulae III - IV has the E-geometry. hi another aspect, the double bond in formulae III - IV has the Z-geometry.
  • the group Z is an ester, such as an optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted aryl ester. In another aspect, the group Z is a cyclic analog of a carboxylic acid, such as an oxazolidinone, and the like.
  • the groups Ar 1 and Ar 2 are different and the group Z is a cyclic analog of a carboxylic acid, such as an oxazolidinone, and the like.
  • the integer n is 2 or 3.
  • the term "optionally substituted monocyclic and bicyclic aryls" refers to an aromatic mono or bicyclic ring of carbon atoms, such as phenyl, naphthyl, and the like, and to an aromatic mono or bicyclic ring of carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, such as pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, indolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzoxazolinonyl, benzisoxazolinonyl, and the like, which may be optionally substituted with one or more independently selected substituents, such halo, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalk
  • substituted monocyclic and substituted bicyclic aryls include those compounds having at least one halo (e.g., fluoro) group, haloalkyl group, or halalkoxy group, hi another aspect, substituted monocyclic and substituted bicyclic aryls do not include a carboxylate or derivative thereof, m another aspect, substituted monocyclic and substituted bicyclic aryls include those compounds having a cyano group.
  • alkyl refers to a saturated monovalent chain of carbon atoms, which may be optionally branched.
  • alkyl illustrative variations of those embodiments include lower alkyl, such as C 1 -C 6 , C 1 -C 4 alkyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, 3-methylpentyl, and the like.
  • alkylamino dialkylamino
  • dialkylamino dialkylamino
  • alkylalkylamino refer to amino substituted with alkyl groups, where each alkyl group is independently selected, and illustratively includes methylamino, dimethylamino, methylethylamino, and the like.
  • compounds 7-22 are described, which include 5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 5-fluoro-2-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3- fluoro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl, and other groups. These compounds were prepared by the processes described herein comprising the steps of Sonogashira and Stille cross-coupling reactions.
  • isoxazole and isoxazolinone rings of compounds of formula III maybe more metabolically stable than other acyclic substituents.
  • such isoxazole and isoxazolinone rings maybe more metabolically stable than the 4-methoxy-3- methoxycarbonylphenyl substituents found in other compounds of formulae I-IV described herein.
  • the oxazole and oxazolinone rings of compounds of formula IV may be more metabolically stable than other acyclic substituents found in compounds of formulae I - IV.
  • compounds of formulae I-IV may be prepared by the general synthesis shown in Scheme 1, and illustrated for the preparation of compounds 3 and 4.
  • Commercially available 3-butyn-l-ol (23) was converted to the corresponding tosylate 24, which reacted with 2-oxazolidinone to afford the alkylated intermediate 25.
  • the Sonogashira coupling of the terminal alkyne 25 with the aryl iodide 29 or 33 yielded the disubstituted alkynes 30 or 34.
  • 3-Butynyl-l-tosylate (24) maybe synthesized in 83% yield from 3- butyn-1-ol (23) with/?-toluenesulfonyl chloride in the presence of pyridine. See, Eglinton, G.; Whiting, M. C. Research on Acetylenic Compounds 27. The Preparation and Properties of the Toluene-para-Sulphonates of Acetenic Alcohols J. Chem. Soc. 1950, 3650-3656, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. It is appreciated that large-scale operations may be impeded by the lack of solvent, difficulty in stirring, and subsequent removal of the pyridine.
  • An alternative synthesis includes the use of inorganic bases such as KOH, NaOH, and the like, and aqueous organic solvents such as water admixed with THF.
  • inorganic bases such as KOH, NaOH, and the like
  • aqueous organic solvents such as water admixed with THF.
  • compound 24 was synthesized on a 27-gram scale. This alternative reaction occurs rapidly at room temperature, with a simple work-up procedure.
  • Oxazolidinones similar to 25 may be prepared by reacting the corresponding bromide or iodide with l,3-oxazolidin-2-one in the presence of cesium carbonate as the base in acetone. See, Xu, G.; Micklatcher, M.; Silvestri, M.; Hartman, T. L.; Burner, J.; Osterling, M.
  • 2-oxoazolidinone may be present as the oxazole tautomer under certain conditions, the alkyation may also give rise to N-alkyl derivatives or O-alkyl derivatives; although it has been shown that alkylation of 2- oxoazolidinone with 4-bromo-l-butene results in N-alkylation.
  • a phase-transfer catalyst may be included in the reaction to improve the N versus O selectivity.
  • the alkylation of 2-oxazolidinone with 3-butynyl-l- tosylate (24) in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide in toluene was performed to give 3-but-3-ynyl-l,3-oxazolidin-2-one (25) in 83% yield.
  • Other conditions include the additional use of potassium carbonate as a base, and dichloromethane and water at reflux temperature as the solvent.
  • 5-Iodo-3-methyl-2-methoxybenzoate (29) may be prepared from methyl 2-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-methylbenzoate (28) with dimethyl sulfate and potassium carbonate in refluxing acetone.
  • ADAM Alkenyldiarylmethane
  • ethyl 2-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-methylbenzoate (28) may be prepared from 3- methyl salicylic acid (26).
  • 3-methyl salicylic acid (26) may be converted into its methyl ester 27 using (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane in a mixture of methanol and benzene.
  • the product 27 may then be iodinated with sodium iodide in the presence of sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide.
  • an excess of (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane is added to complete the transformation of 26 to 27.
  • (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane another embodiment described herein is a synthesis of 29 by converting 3-methyl salicylic acid (26) into its methyl ester 27 using dimethyl sulfate and potassium carbonate in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide in a mixture of dichloromethane and water at room temperature.
  • the methyl ester 27 is iodinated with sodium iodide in the presence of sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide to afford methyl 2-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-methylbenzoate (28) in 98% overall yield.
  • 5-Iodo-3-methyl-2-methoxybenzoate (29) is synthesized in 91% yield from methyl 2-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-methylbenzoate (28) with dimethyl sulfate in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide and sodium hydroxide in a mixture of dichloromethane and water at room temperature. It is appreciated that this method also has the advantage that: anhydrous solvents, methanol and benzene, may be avoided. It is also appreciated that these reactions have the advantage that they occur rapidly at room temperature, with simple work-up procedures, allowing large-scale runs.
  • Bu 3 SnH Still other alternative conditions include maintaining a low concentration of tin hydride, which is more readily achieved by dropwise addition. Further, the concentration of catalyst and the temperature may also be manipulated to minimize the side reactions, hi one illustrative embodiment, the hydrostannations are preformed with low concentrations of the alkynes 30 or 34 by a very slow dropwise addition of tributyltin hydride with low load of catalyst at O 0 C to afford the regio- and stereodefmed vinylstannanes 31 or 35. Stille coupling involves the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between aryl or vinyl halides and triflates with organostannanes. See generally, Stille, J. K.
  • catalysts useful herein include Pd 2 (dba) 3 and Pd(PPh 3 ) 4
  • solvents useful herein include toluene, dioxane, THF, and l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) at 8O 0 C
  • additives useful herein include CsF, PBu ⁇ 3 , AsPh 3 , and PPh 3
  • temperatures may range from room temperature to reflux temperature.
  • the transmetallation may be the rate-determining step of the Stille reaction.
  • Still other alternative reaction conditions include Suzuki coupling of the vinyl iodide 32 with 3,4-dimethoxyphenylboronic acid in the presence of palladium acetate and 2-(di- t-butylphosphine)biphenyl proceeding to compound 3 in 62% yield.
  • Suzuki coupling of the vinyl iodide 32 with 3,4-dimethoxyphenylboronic acid in the presence of palladium acetate and 2-(di- t-butylphosphine)biphenyl proceeding to compound 3 in 62% yield.
  • the stereoselective syntheses of compounds of formula II via trifluoromethyl compounds 38 or 39, as illustrated by alkenyldiarylmethanes 7, 8 and 9, are outlined in Scheme 2.
  • the synthesis also uses the Stille coupling of l-bromo-3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylbenzene (38) or 2-bromo-4- fluoro-1-trifluoromethylbenzene (39) with the tributyltin derivatives 31 or 35 in the presence of Pd(PBu ⁇ ) 2 with CsF in toluene at reflux temperature.
  • Reagents and conditions (a) Pd(PBu 1 ⁇ ) 2 , toluene, reflux.
  • vinylstannanes 43, 44, 51, and 52 are prepared by the processes described herein.
  • Scheme 3 the methylation of the phenol group of 45 using dimethyl sulfate in the presence of sodium hydroxide and tetrabutylammonium bromide as a phase-transfer catalyst in a mixture of > dichloromethane and water at room temperature gave 2-bromo-4-chloro-l- methoxybenzene (47).
  • Methyl 5-bromo-2-methoxy-3-methylbenzoate (48) was prepared by O-alkylation of 5-bromo-3-methylsalicylic acid (46) with dimethyl sulfate in acetone at reflux temperature, utilizing potassium carbonate as the base.
  • R 1 CN;
  • R 2 H 42
  • R 1 CN;
  • R 2 H
  • R 1 H
  • R 2 COOCH 3
  • R 2 COOCH 3 ;
  • R 1 Hi
  • R 2 COOCH 3 ; 52
  • R 3 OCH 3 ;
  • R 4 CH 3
  • R 3 OCH 3 ;
  • R 4 CH 3
  • Reagents and conditions (a) methyl 5-hexynoate, PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 , Cu(I)I, Et 3 N, THF; (b) Bu 3 SnH, Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 , THF, room temperature; (c) for 45: dimethyl sulfate, NaOH, Bu 4 NBr, CH 2 Cl 2 -H 2 O, room temperature; for 46: dimethyl sulfate, potassium carbonate, acetone, reflux.
  • Reagents and conditions (a) dimethyl sulfate, NaOH, TBAB, CH 2 Cl 2 -H 2 O, room temperature; (b) SO 2 Cl 2 , 50 0 C; (c) Pd(PBu 4 S ) 2 , toluene, reflux.
  • the nitrogen of the isoxazole may mimic the carbonyl oxygen of the ester, and the methoxy group on the isoxazole may mimic the methoxy group on the methyl ester. It is understood that these compounds may be viewed as conformationally constrained ester mimics that may provide information about the biologically active conformation of the corresponding methyl ester in other compounds described herein.
  • 2,N- dihydroxy-5-iodo-3-methylbenzamide (56) was prepared from methyl 2-hydroxy-5- iodo-3-methylbenzoate (28) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride.
  • 5-Iodo-7- methylbenzo[d]isoxazol-3-one was synthesized from 2,N-dihydroxy-5-iodo-3- methylbenzamide (56) and carbonyldiimidazole. See, Friary, R.; Sunday B. R. A Direct Preparation of 3-Hydroxy-l,2-benzisoxazoles J. Heterocyclic Chem. 1979, 16, 1277, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Reagents and conditions (a), N 2 HOH-HCl, KOH, MeOH; (b), carbonyldiimidazole, THF, reflux; (c), K 2 CO 3 , DMSO, CH 3 I.
  • R 1 OCH 3 ;
  • R 4 CI
  • R 4 CI 43
  • a general process for preparing the compounds described herein includes the steps leading illustratively to intermediate 29, and subsequent use of metal-catalyzed reactions (Sonogashira reaction, hydrostannation, Stille coupling and Suzuki coupling). This process may be performed on large scale. In addition, it is appreciated that this process may be used for hydrostannation of sterically hindered internal alkynes and may be an improvement over conventional processes.
  • compounds 60-68 are described, which include 4-methoxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-5-methylphenyl, 5-chloro-4-methoxy-3- methoxycarbonylphenyl, 4-methoxy-3-methoxycarbonylphenyl, and/or 3-fluoro-5- trifluoromethylphenyl groups. These compounds were prepared by the processes described herein comprising the steps of Sonogoshira and Stille cross-coupling reactions.
  • oxazole and isoxazole rings of compounds 60- 68 may be more metabolically stable than other substituents.
  • such rings may be more metabolically stable than the 4-methoxy-3-methoxycarbonylphenyl substituents found in other compounds of formulae IV described herein.
  • Reagents and conditions (a) carbonyldiimidazole, THF, reflux; (b) CH 3 I, K 2 CO 3 , DMSO, or CH 3 I, tetrabutylammonium bromide, EtOAc-H 2 O; (c) PPh 3 , diethyl azodicarboxylate, THF, O 0 C; (d) methyl 5-hexynoate, PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 , Cu(I)I, Et 3 N, THF, room temperature; (e) Bu 3 SnH, Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 , THF, room temperature; (f) Pd(PBu ⁇ ) 2 , toluene, reflux.
  • Benzoxazolones can be prepared by cyclization of 2-aminophenol derivatives by reaction with a source of a carbonyl group such as urea, N,N'- carbonyldiimidazole, triphosgene or ethyl chloroformate in different reaction conditions.
  • a source of a carbonyl group such as urea, N,N'- carbonyldiimidazole, triphosgene or ethyl chloroformate in different reaction conditions.
  • Moriarty et al. reported the synthesis of benzoxazolones by oxidation of salicylamides with iodobenzene diacetate in methanolic potassium hydroxide. See, Prakash, O.; Batra, ⁇ .; Kaur, BL; Sharma, P. K.; Sharma, V.; Singh, S. P.; Moriarty, R. M. ⁇ ypervalent Iodine Oxidative Rearrangement of
  • Compound 1 may be synthesized by McMurry reaction of methyl 5-oxopentanoate with a symmetrical benzophenone, di(4-methoxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-5- methylphenyl) ketone, in the presence of low-valent titanium species in 49% yield.
  • Reagents and conditions (a) PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 , Cu(I)I 5 Et 3 N, THF, room temperature; (b) Bu 3 SnH, Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 , THF, room temperature; (c) Pd(PBu 1 ⁇ ) 2 , CsF, toluene, reflux.
  • stabilized compounds of formulae I-IV are described herein. Improved stability may be evaluated by measuring the half-life of the compounds in rat blood plasma.
  • NMR spectra were obtained at 300 MHz ( 1 H) and 75 MHz ( 13 C) in CDCl 3 using CHCl 3 as internal standard. Flash chromatography was performed with 230-400 mesh silica gel. TLC was carried out using Baker-flex silica gel IB2-F plates of 2.5 mm thickness. Melting points are uncorrected. Unless otherwise stated, chemicals and solvents were of reagent grade and used as obtained from commercial sources without further purification. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was freshly distilled from sodium/benzophenone ketyl radical prior to use. Dichloromethane was freshly distilled from calcium hydride prior to use. Lyophilized rat plasma (lot 052K7609) was obtained from Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO. All yields given refer to isolated yields.
  • Methyl 4',4"-Dimethoxy-3',3"-di(methoxycarbonyl)-5',5"-dimethyl- 6,6-diphenyl-5-hexenoate (1) The general procedure was followed using vinylstannane 52 (246 mg, 0.413 mmol), aryl iodide 29 (167 mg, 0.547 mmol), cesium fluoride (259 mg, 1.69 mmol) and Pd(PBu 4 3 ) 2 (24 mg, 0.045 mmol) in toluene (1 mL). The mixture was stirred under argon at room temperature for 15 h, at 6O 0 C for 7 h and at 110 0 C for 17 h.
  • Method I A mixture of the vinylstannane 31 (100 mg, 0.164 mmol), aryl iodide 33 (44.7 mg, 0.169 mmol), triphenylarsine (21.3 mg, 0.068 mmol), copper(I) iodide (10.0 mg, 0.053 mmol) and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (15 mg, 0.016 mmol) in l-methyl-2- pyrrolidinone (NMP) (4 mL) was heated at 8O 0 C under argon atmosphere for 14 h, cooled to room temperature, filtered through a pad of Celite, and washed with ethyl acetate and dichloromethane. The filtrate was concentrated to afford a residue. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (50 g) using ethyl acetate in hexanes (0-30%) to afford the product 3 (32 mg) in 43% yield.
  • Method II A mixture of the vinyl iodide 32 (353 mg, 0.793 mmol), palladium acetate (9.0 mg, 0.039 mmol), 2-(di-t-butylphosphine)biphenyl (24.2 mg, 0.080 mmol), potassium fluoride (147 mg, 2.48 mmol) and 3,4- dimethoxyphenylboronic acid (321 mg, 1.764 mmol) in THF (4.0 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 14 h and at 6O 0 C for 8.5 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Ethyl ether (30 mL) was added to dilute the mixture.
  • STRUCTURE SOLUTION AND REFINEMENT The structure was solved by direct methods using SIR2002. See, Beurskens, P. T.; Beurskens, G.; deGelder, S.; Garcia-Granda, R.; Gould, R. O.; Israel R.; Smite, J. M. M. The DIRDIF-99 Program System. Crystallography Laboratory, Univ. of Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 1999, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The remaining atoms were located in succeeding difference Fourier syntheses. Hydrogen atoms were included in the refinement but restrained to ride on the atom to which they are bonded.
  • the structure was refined in mil-matrix least-squares where the function minimized was ⁇ w(
  • 2 ) 2 and the weight w is defined as l/[ ⁇ 2 (Fo 2 )+(0.0722P) 2 +0.0000P] where P (Fo 2 +2Fc 2 )/3.
  • Scattering factors were taken from the "International Tables for Crystallography”. 32 4884 reflections were used in the refinements. However, only the 3461 reflections with F 0 2 >2 ⁇ (F 0 2 ) were used in, calculating Rl.
  • the final cycle of refinement included 292 variable parameters and converged (largest parameter shift was ⁇ 0.01 times its su) with unweighted and weighted agreement factors of: Rl - ⁇
  • the standard deviation of an observation of unit weight was 1.03.
  • the highest peak in the final difference Fourier had a height of 0.27 e/A 3 .
  • the minimum negative peak had a height of -0.36 e/A 3 .
  • Refinement was performed on a LINUX PC using SHELX-97. See, Sheldrick, G. M.
  • Butynyl-1-tosylate (24).
  • Method I A mixture ofp-toluenesulfonyl chloride (62.21 g, 0.323 mol) and pyridine (31 mL, 0.383 mol) was warmed to get a colorless solution, and then cooled to get small crystals.
  • 3-Butyn-l-ol (23) (23 mL, 0.29 mol) was added dropwise by syringe during about 20 min with stirring at 15 0 C. The resulting mixture was stirred below 2O 0 C under nitrogen atmosphere for 20 h. Water was added with cooling. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (4 x 120 mL).
  • the organic solution was washed with 5% aqueous sulfuric acid (3 x 120 mL), water (100 mL), 10% aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated.
  • the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (800 g), eluting with ethyl acetate-hexanes (0-10%) to afford the tosylate 24 (56.13 g) as colorless oil in 85% yield.
  • 3-But-3-ynyl-l,3-oxazolidin-2-one 25.
  • a flask was charged with 2- oxazolidinone (1.721 g, 19.17 mmol), tetrabutylammonium bromide (715 mg, 2.20 mmol), potassium carbonate (19.09 g, 138 mmol) and toluene (90 mL).
  • 3-Butynyl-l- tosylate (24) 11.72 g, 52.26 mmol was added. After the resulting mixture was stirred at 100 0 C for 4 h, more tosylate 24 (10.62 g, 47.35 mmol) was added.
  • Tetrabutylammonium bromide (0.9 g, 2.764 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 3-methylsalicylic acid 26 (4.634 g, 29.85 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL).
  • Dimethyl sulfate (6.0 mL, 62.77 mmol) was added to afford a clear solution.
  • the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was diluted with water (40 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (2 x 20 mL).
  • the crude methyl ester 27 was dissolved in methanol (80 mL), sodium iodide (5.526 g, 36.86 mmol) and sodium hydroxide (1.489 g, 36.86 mmol) were added, and the solution was cooled to O 0 C.
  • Aqueous sodium hypochlorite (62.5 mL, 36.86 mmol, ⁇ 4%) was added dropwise.
  • the resulting brown mixture was stirred for 4.5 h at 0-3 0 C and then treated with 10% sodium thiosulfate (60 mL). The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 5-6 using 1 N HCl. Ether (200 mL) was added and the layers were separated.
  • reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered through a short column of silica gel (5 g), and the column washed with ethyl acetate. The organic solution was concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (30 g), eluting with EtOAc-hexanes (3-5%) to afford the product 42 (1.117 g) as an oil in 76% yield.
  • reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered through a short column of silica gel (5 g), and the column washed with ethyl acetate. The organic solution was concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (25 g), eluting with EtOAc-hexanes (3-5%) to afford the product 49 (589 mg) as a slightly yellow oil in 98% yield.
  • Aryl bromide 48 (2.25 g, 8.68 mmol), methyl 5- hexynoate (1.329 g, 10.54 mmol) and dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) (307 mg, 0.437 mmol) were added to a flask under an argon atmosphere.
  • Triethylamine (6.5 mL) was added to the flask.
  • Cuprous iodide 168 mg, 0.88 mmol
  • the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 0.5 h and heated at 8O 0 C for 21.5 h.
  • the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered through a short column of silica gel (5 g), and the column was washed with ethyl acetate.
  • the organic solution was concentrated.
  • the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (40 g), eluting with EtOAc-hexanes (2%) to afford the alkyne 50 as a crude red oil.
  • the crude oil was dissolved in dry THF (400 mL) and added to a flask under an argon atmosphere.
  • Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) 100 mg, 0.0865 mmol was added to the flask.
  • the mixture was cooled to O 0 C, degassed by gently bubbling argon through for 20 min, and then tributyltin hydride (3.6 mL, 12.98 mmol) was added dropwise over 110 min. After the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h, it was concentrated to yield a residue. Solvent was removed in vacuo to yield a crude black oil.
  • the oil was purified by flash column chromatography using silica gel (60 g) and a gradient eluant from 0 to 2% ethyl acetate in hexanes to yield the product 52 as a colorless oil (4.64 g, 90%, over two steps).
  • Methyl 3-Chloro-5-iodo-2-methoxybenzoate (55).
  • a mixture of the iodide 54 (4.331 g, 14.83 mmol) and SO 2 Cl 2 (5.1 mL, 61.58 mmol) was heated at 5O 0 C for 20 h and then cooled to room temperature. It was poured into ice (20 g) and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 (3 x 80 mL). The CH 2 Cl 2 extracts were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 and evaporated in vacuo.
  • STRUCTURE SOLUTION AND REFINEMENT The structure was solved using the structure solution program PATTY in DIRDIF99. See, Burla, M. C; Camalli, M.; Carrozzini, B.; Cascarano, G. L.; Giacovazzo, C; Polidori, G.; Spagna, R. SIR2002: the Program J. Appl. Cryst, 2003, 36, 1103, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The remaining atoms were located in succeeding difference Fourier syntheses. Hydrogen atoms were included in the refinement but restrained to ride on the atom to which they are bonded.
  • the structure was refined in full-matrix least-squares where the function minimized was ⁇ w(
  • 2 ) 2 and the weight w is defined as l/[ ⁇ 2 (Fo 2 )+(0.0384P) 2 +0.7511P] w h ere P (Fo 2 +2Fc 2 )/3.
  • Scattering factors were taken from the "International Tables for Crystallography". See, "International Tables for Crystallography", Vol. C, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1992, Tables 4.2.6.8 and 6.1.1.4, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 2194 reflections were used in the refinements.
  • STRUCTURE SOLUTION AND REFINEMENT The structure was solved by direct methods using SIR2002. See, Burla, M. C; Camalli, M.; Carrozzini, B.; Cascarano, G. L.; Giacovazzo, C; Polidori, G.; Spagna, R. SIR2002: the Program. J. Appl. Qy st 2003, 36, 1103, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The remaining atoms were located in succeeding difference Fourier syntheses. Hydrogen atoms were included in the refinement but restrained to ride on the atom to which they are bonded.
  • the structure was refined in full-matrix least- squares where the function minimized was ⁇ w(
  • 2 ) 2 and the weight w is defined as l/[ ⁇ 2 (Fo 2 )+(0.0365P) 2 +0.0000P] where P (Fo 2 +2Fc 2 )/3.
  • Scattering factors were taken from the "International Tables for Crystallography” and 8255 reflections were used in the refinements. See, International Tables for Crystallography, Volume C: Mathematical, Physical and Chemical Tables. ; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1992; Tables 4.2.6.8 and 6.1.1.4, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Triethylamine (3.8 mL, 27 mmol), Pd(PPh 3 )Cl 2 (386 mg, 0.539 mmol) and Cu(I)I (207 mg, 1.06 mmol) were added. After the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 26 h, water (40 mL) was added to quench the reaction. The mixture was concentrated to remove the organic solvents, and the residue was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic solution was washed with brine (150 mL), dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and concentrated.
  • ADAM Alkenyldiarylmethane
  • the compounds described herein were evaluated for prevention of the cytopathic effect of HIV-I RF in CEM-SS cells and for cytotoxicity in uninfected CEM-SS cells and MT-4 cells.
  • the biological data are listed in Table 1.
  • the compounds were also tested for their ability to inhibit HIV- 1 RT, and the resulting IC 5O values are also included in Table 1.
  • Twenty analogues were found to inhibit HIV-I RT with poly(rC)-oligo(dG) as the template primer with IC 50 values ranging from 0.02 to 97.8 ⁇ M. Twelve compounds also prevented the cytopathic effect of HIV-I RF with EC 50 values ranging from 0.03 to 8.3 ⁇ M.
  • the metabolic stabilities of compounds 1, 3, 4, 8-11, 14-18, 20, 21 and 60-68 in rat plasma were also investigated, and the resulting half-lives of the compounds are also summarized in Table 1.
  • the compounds displayed a range of metabolic stabilities in rat plasma, with half-lives ranging from 0.2 to 5.8 min, except compounds 8, 9, and 68.
  • Compounds 8 and 9, which lack any methyl ester moieties, had not been hydrolyzed at 37 0 C after three days.
  • Compound 68, which also lacks any methyl ester moieties had not been hydrolyzed at 37 0 C after 1 day.
  • ⁇ EC 50 is the 50% inhibitory concentration for inhibition of cytopathicity of HIV-I RF , HIV-I ⁇ IB or HIV-2 ROD .
  • the CC 50 is the 50% cytotoxic concentration for mock-infected CEM-SS cells or MT-4 cells. rf Not active. 6 NOt tested/Not hydrolyzed.
  • Data for compounds 3-4, and 7-22 are derived from triplicate tests with the variation of the mean averaging 10%. Data for compounds 1, and 60-68 represent mean values for at least two separate experiments.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des inhibiteurs non nucléosidiques de la transcriptase inverse du VIH-I. Ces inhibiteurs peuvent être partiellement impliqués dans une polythérapie visant à traiter l'infection à VIH. Les composés de l'invention possèdent en outre un effet antiviral puissant, et se caractérisent par une stabilité métabolique. Par ailleurs, l'invention concerne des procédés de préparation de ces inhibiteurs non nucléosidiques de la transcriptase inverse du VIH-I.
PCT/US2006/025392 2005-06-30 2006-06-29 Alcenyldiarylmethanes, analogues fondus et synthese Ceased WO2007005531A2 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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WO2008119028A1 (fr) * 2007-03-27 2008-10-02 Cushman Mark S Alcényldiarylméthanes présentant des dérivés d'acide carboxylique contenant de l'azote
CN105940007A (zh) * 2013-10-22 2016-09-14 科勒研究有限公司 用于炔的钌催化反式-选择性锡氢化的方法

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008119028A1 (fr) * 2007-03-27 2008-10-02 Cushman Mark S Alcényldiarylméthanes présentant des dérivés d'acide carboxylique contenant de l'azote
CN105940007A (zh) * 2013-10-22 2016-09-14 科勒研究有限公司 用于炔的钌催化反式-选择性锡氢化的方法

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