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WO2007089235A1 - Compositions algicides pour le traitement de l'eau et leur procede d'utilisation - Google Patents

Compositions algicides pour le traitement de l'eau et leur procede d'utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007089235A1
WO2007089235A1 PCT/US2006/003774 US2006003774W WO2007089235A1 WO 2007089235 A1 WO2007089235 A1 WO 2007089235A1 US 2006003774 W US2006003774 W US 2006003774W WO 2007089235 A1 WO2007089235 A1 WO 2007089235A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
algae
blend
composition
sodium perborate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2006/003774
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English (en)
Inventor
Michael S. Harvey
Jonathan N. Howarth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Enviro Tech Chemical Services Inc
Original Assignee
Enviro Tech Chemical Services Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Enviro Tech Chemical Services Inc filed Critical Enviro Tech Chemical Services Inc
Priority to PCT/US2006/003774 priority Critical patent/WO2007089235A1/fr
Publication of WO2007089235A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007089235A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/14—Boron; Compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/722—Oxidation by peroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
    • C02F2103/023—Water in cooling circuits
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/42—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from bathing facilities, e.g. swimming pools
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to compositions and methods to treat water to reduce algae, particularly wastewater lagoons, pools, cooling water, lakes, ponds, and reservoirs, including water features on golf courses.
  • a thick mass of green algae floating on the surface of a golf course water feature is easily mistaken for rough ground. It is common for golfers to tread on the algal mass in this mistaken belief, and have their legs or even their entire bodies disappear into the water below. This is clearly humiliating and uncomfortable for the golfer.
  • algae can cause a host of operational problems.
  • an algae-infested wastewater lagoon may fail to meet discharge permits because the level of suspended solids is too high.
  • Algae masses can impede the flow of irrigation canal water and disrupt the water distribution system by clogging canal gate valves, pump intakes, screens, filters, sprinkler heads, irrigation drip tape and emitters.
  • algae can plug water distribution channels, causing uneven water flow through the tower which reduces the cooling efficiency and increases the operational costs.
  • Algae can deprive ornamental lakes of dissolved oxygen by being a food supply for oxygen-consuming bacteria. Absent of oxygen vital to sustain fish and other aquatic fauna, the process of eutrophication (slow death) commences.
  • algaecides which are chemical treatments designed to destroy algae blooms
  • algaestats which are designed to prevent the algae from taking a foothold in the first place.
  • algaecide is copper sulfate, or a chelated form of copper. It is routinely added to irrigation water canals, swimming pools, and ornamental lakes. However, its use is steadily diminishing as departments of natural resources and departments of environmental quality across the United States are closely scrutinizing its environmental impact in soil and water. Copper sulfate can impart an artificial blue tinge to bodies of water to which it is added, and it will stain the gunite surfaces of swimming pools to which it has been introduced.
  • the water is treated with a single, high dose of the halogen (10-20 times the normal) usually after sunset so that ultra-violet light is not allowed to decompose the chemical. Although this is an effective means of killing algae, it is limited to waters that are normally halogenated so is not amenable to waters that contain fish or plant life.
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds are another class of chemical with well-known algaecidal properties.
  • Alkyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC) compounds were the early generation of this type of product and usually consisted of mixtures of products in which the alkyl group was a C 8 -C 16 linear carbon chain.
  • the newer generation of quaternary ammonium compounds include the didecyl-, dioctyl-, octyldecyl-, diisononyl- dimethyl ammonium compounds and mixtures thereof which are reported to have algaecidal properties superior to the ADBAC compounds.
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds are commonly introduced to swimming pools, ornamental fountains, and ornamental lakes for algae control, but are rarely used in cooling water because of their tendency to foam, and incompatibility with anionic scale inhibitors. These limitations are diminished with the use of polyquaternary ammonium compounds such as poly(oxyethylene(dimethylimino)ethylene(dimethylimino))ethylene dichloride also known as Water Soluble Cationic Polymer (WSCP) or Busan 77.
  • WSCP Water Soluble Cationic Polymer
  • quaternary and polyquaternary ammonium compounds are widely used algaecides, they are slow-acting and take several days to show effectiveness. For this reason, they are commonly applied in conjunction with a halogen compound or tributlytin oxide for synergistic performance.
  • Atrazine and terbuthylazine Certain aquatic herbicides of the atrazine family (simazine and terbuthylazine) have been applied to water systems for destruction of algae. These materials work by blocking photosynthetic reaction pathways such that the algae perish because they cannot metabolize carbon dioxide into sugar. Again, this is a fairly slow process and it may take one to two weeks for the algae to die.
  • atrazine herbicides have been shown to be endocrine disrupting chemicals and have been linked to hermaphrodization in frogs exposed to the herbicides. Atrazine compounds are classified as possible human carcinogens because they have been found to cause tumors in rodents. France has banned the use of atrazine herbicides because of these adverse environmental properties.
  • Peroxygen compounds including hydrogen peroxide, sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate, and potassium monopersulfate have been employed to combat algae when used with a combination of costly non-oxidizing biocides.
  • a commercially available system designed for algae control in swimming pools uses hydrogen peroxide with polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride.
  • An ideal system should: (1) be free of transition metals that are of environmental concern; (2) not cause staining and impart an artificial coloration to the treated water; (3) not be toxic to fish and other aquatic wildlife; (4) kill the algae rapidly and not cause the water to foam; (5) not have endocrine disrupting properties or be a possible human carcinogen; (6) not require the use of an expensive non-oxidizing biocide to perform effectively; (7) not cause extensive calcium carbonate precipitation which causes the water to become turbid; and (8) be effective against a broad spectrum of algae. This invention addresses all these needs.
  • This invention fulfills the foregoing needs by providing compositions and methods for eradication and control of algae in bodies of water that turn over slowly, i.e., those with holding time indices of greater than one day, including decorative fountains, swimming pools, wastewater lagoons, storage reservoirs, and ornamental lakes and ponds, such as those encountered on golf courses.
  • the invention is directed towards an algaecidal composition that is a blend of solid peroxygen compounds: sodium percarbonate with sodium perborate monohydrate or sodium perborate tetrahydrate.
  • the composition is manually broadcast directly onto the algae floating in the water to be treated.
  • the algaecidal blend of sodium percarbonate with sodium perborate monohydrate or sodium perborate tetrahydrate represents an ideal algaecidal composition in that: (1) it is free of transition metals that are of environmental concern; (2) it does not cause staining nor impart an artificial coloration to the treated water; (3) it is not toxic to fish and other aquatic wildlife; (4) it kills the algae rapidly and does not cause the water to foam; (5) it does not have endocrine disrupting properties nor is it a possible human carcinogen; (6) it does not require the use of an expensive non-oxidizing biocide to perform effectively; (7) it does not cause extensive calcium carbonate precipitation which causes the water to become turbid; and (8) it is effective against all the algae it challenged.
  • the algaecidal composition is a blend of two solid peroxygen compounds: sodium percarbonate (Na 2 CO 3 . 1.5H 2 O 2 ) and sodium perborate tetrahydrate (NaBO 3 .4H 2 O) or sodium perborate monohydrate (NaBO 3 -H 2 O).
  • sodium percarbonate Na 2 CO 3 . 1.5H 2 O 2
  • sodium perborate tetrahydrate NaBO 3 .4H 2 O
  • sodium perborate monohydrate NaBO 3 -H 2 O
  • the sodium percarbonate that is used is preferably material that has been treated or coated so that it is low dusting and free-flowing.
  • the two solid peroxygen compounds may be mixed by any suitable means, such as using a ribbon blender, a V-blender or a vertical conical screw blender.
  • the preferred mixing method should allow uniform distribution of the two compounds throughout the blend without either compound separating or segregating from the other.
  • the unblended compounds contain free moisture.
  • steady loss of this moisture over time can cause the product to "cake" or stick together in large clumps making it difficult to pour the blend out of its packaging. Therefore, a small amount of anticaking agent such as calcium silicate, iron ammonium citrate, fumed silica, or sodium ferrocyanide decahydrate may also be added to the blend to reduce the tendency for caking.
  • an anticaking agent such as calcium silicate, iron ammonium citrate, fumed silica, or sodium ferrocyanide decahydrate may also be added to the blend to reduce the tendency for caking.
  • the solid peroxygen compounds may be blended together in proportions ranging between about 95% sodium percarbonate to sodium perborate tetrahydrate or sodium perborate monohydrate, and about 5% sodium percarbonate to about 95% sodium perborate tetrahydrate or sodium perborate monohydrate.
  • the proportion is about 50% sodium percarbonate to sodium perborate tetrahydrate or sodium perborate monohydrate. Even more preferably, the proportion is about 34.8% sodium percarbonate to about 65% sodium perborate tetrahydrate or sodium perborate monohydrate to about 0.2% calcium silicate.
  • compositions of the present invention are used to destroy and control algal growth in bodies of water that turn over slowly, i.e., those with holding time indices of greater than one day, including decorative fountains, swimming pools, wastewater lagoons, storage reservoirs, and ornamental lakes and ponds, such as those encountered on golf courses.
  • the compositions may be administered to the water by a variety of means, such as manual broadcasting or by placing in a chemical feeding device through which the water is pumped and dissolve the compositions.
  • Manual broadcasting is particularly advantageous because no special electrical equipment is needed.
  • a further advantage of manual feeding is that the compositions can be applied directly in contact with algal masses that are floating on the surface of the water or just under the surface of the water.
  • a scoop is used to sprinkle the product to the areas where it is needed. Since floating algae tends to accumulate at the edges of the lake, pond, reservoir, or lagoon, the compositions may be applied by manually broadcasting from the water's edge. For larger bodies of water, depending upon the depth, waders or a small boat may be used to assist in delivering the compositions to the areas needed.
  • the dosage rate depends on the amount of algal growth in the water to be treated.
  • the dosage rate may range from about one Ib. of the blend per about 1000 gallons of water to about one Ib. of the blend per about 10,000 gallons of water.
  • algae- infested ponds may be successfully treated with about one Ib. of blend per 2000-4000 gallons of water.
  • the frequency of treatment also depends on the amount of algal growth in the water to be treated. Depending on conditions such as temperature and exposure to sunlight, certain bodies of water will require more frequent treatment to control the algae.
  • the water should be re-treated whenever the algae starts to re-infest the water.
  • compositions of the invention are exceptionally effective against algae in these bodies of water.
  • the hydrogen peroxide that is released from both compounds is the biocidal agent that attacks the algae by rapidly turning it gray.
  • hydrogen peroxide gives up oxygen in microscopic bubbles that develop around the algae.
  • the effervescent action of the bubbles disrupt the algae such that large clumps often break free from the main mass that then sink to the bottom of the pond within a few days of treatment.
  • the pond was retreated with 70 lbs of the blend of 50% sodium percarbonate for 50% sodium perborate tetrahydrate. Again, the algae immediately started turning gray. Four days later, some algae remained, so the pond was treated with another 70 lbs. of the blend and then re-treated with another 140 lbs. of the blend. Approximately one week later, all the algae was gone, and the water clarity was the best the golf course owner had ever seen. Another 140 lbs. of the blend was applied three weeks later and the pond was restored to its former pristine quality. The pond remained crystal clear for the rest of the year.
  • Example 2 In mid-summer, a 340,000 gallon golf course pond was heavily infested with an algae mat. A blend of 50% sodium percarbonate to 50% sodium perborate tetrahydrate was applied by manually broadcasting 170 lbs using a scoop, corresponding to a dosage rate of one Ib. for every 2,000 gallons of water. The algae immediately turned gray. Within about three days, most of the gray algae had sunk to the bottom of the pond and no new algae had developed. Within about four more days, all of the algae was deemed to have been eradicated, and the water clarity was much improved. The pond remained crystal clear for about four weeks, the last time that year that the pond was visited.
  • a 440,000 gallon golf course pond was 35% covered with a thick algae mat.
  • a blend of 50% sodium percarbonate to 50% sodium perborate tetrahydrate was applied by manually broadcasting 210 lbs using a scoop, corresponding to a dosage rate of one Ib for every 2,100 gallons of water.
  • the algae immediately turned gray .Within about four days, there was no sign of any live algae, but after about six more days, there were still some dead algae that had not sunk to the bottom of the pond, so it was manually skimmed from the surface. By about two weeks later, the algae was starting to recolonize the pond, so an additional 210 lbs of product was administered. Upon weekly inspections, the pond remained clear and free of algae. Most of the gray algae had sunk to the bottom of the pond and no new fresh algal infestation had developed. The pond remained crystal clear for the rest of the year.
  • Example 4 In mid-summer, a 300,000 gallon golf course pond was 75% covered with a thick algae mat. A blend of 50% sodium percarbonate to 50% sodium perborate tetrahydrate was applied by manually broadcasting 140 lbs using a scoop, corresponding to a dosage rate of one Ib. for every 2,150 gallons of water. The algae immediately turned gray. However, by about 11 days later, the algae had not dropped to the bottom as with other ponds, possibly due to the shallowness of the pond and the presence of plant growth holding up the algae and preventing it from sinking. Five days later, the floating dead algae was still gray and there was no sign of any new or green algae in the pond. This remained the case for another 11 days. Ten days later, the pond was drained for manual cleaning.
  • a blend of 50% sodium percarbonate to 50% sodium perborate tetrahydrate was applied by manually broadcasting 105 lbs using a scoop, corresponding to a dosage rate of one Ib. for every 2,000 gallons of water.
  • the algae immediately turned gray.
  • the pond was revisited five days later and it was observed that all the algae had been eradicated and the water was crystal clear. About three weeks later, there was still no algae and the pond was as clear as it was in the winter.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des compositions et un procédé pour le traitement de l'eau afin de réduire les algues dans des cours d'eau, notamment des fontaines décoratives, des piscines, des lagons d'eaux usées, des réservoirs de stockage et des lacs et bassins ornementaux, tels que les points d'eau sur des parcours de golf. La composition comprend un mélange de deux composés solides de peroxygène : du percarbonate de sodium et soit du tétrahydrate de perborate de sodium, soit du monohydrate de perborate de sodium. Un agent antiagglomérant, tel que du silicate de calcium, peut être ajouté. Le procédé comprend l'administration du mélange à l'eau par une variété de moyens, tels que la diffusion manuelle ou le placement d'un dispositif d'alimentation chimique.
PCT/US2006/003774 2006-02-03 2006-02-03 Compositions algicides pour le traitement de l'eau et leur procede d'utilisation Ceased WO2007089235A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2006/003774 WO2007089235A1 (fr) 2006-02-03 2006-02-03 Compositions algicides pour le traitement de l'eau et leur procede d'utilisation

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PCT/US2006/003774 WO2007089235A1 (fr) 2006-02-03 2006-02-03 Compositions algicides pour le traitement de l'eau et leur procede d'utilisation

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103518698A (zh) * 2013-09-17 2014-01-22 上海海洋大学 一种紫菜养殖过程中的绿藻的清除方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4253971A (en) * 1977-06-14 1981-03-03 Macleod Norman A Water treatment
US4975109A (en) * 1988-05-02 1990-12-04 Lester Technologies Corp. Microbiocidal combinations of materials and their use
US6506737B1 (en) * 2000-04-05 2003-01-14 Ecolab, Inc. Antimicrobial phosphonium and sulfonium polyhalide compositions
US6660168B2 (en) * 2000-12-20 2003-12-09 Lonza Inc. Feeder and method for preparing aqueous solutions containing high concentrations of solid oxidizers

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4253971A (en) * 1977-06-14 1981-03-03 Macleod Norman A Water treatment
US4975109A (en) * 1988-05-02 1990-12-04 Lester Technologies Corp. Microbiocidal combinations of materials and their use
US6506737B1 (en) * 2000-04-05 2003-01-14 Ecolab, Inc. Antimicrobial phosphonium and sulfonium polyhalide compositions
US6660168B2 (en) * 2000-12-20 2003-12-09 Lonza Inc. Feeder and method for preparing aqueous solutions containing high concentrations of solid oxidizers

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103518698A (zh) * 2013-09-17 2014-01-22 上海海洋大学 一种紫菜养殖过程中的绿藻的清除方法

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