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WO2007078562A2 - Essuie-mains durable - Google Patents

Essuie-mains durable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007078562A2
WO2007078562A2 PCT/US2006/046701 US2006046701W WO2007078562A2 WO 2007078562 A2 WO2007078562 A2 WO 2007078562A2 US 2006046701 W US2006046701 W US 2006046701W WO 2007078562 A2 WO2007078562 A2 WO 2007078562A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
percent
fabric
towel
stretch
paper towel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2006/046701
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English (en)
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WO2007078562A3 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Hampshire Schulz
Malcolm C. Halls
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
Kimberly Clark Corp
Original Assignee
Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
Kimberly Clark Corp
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Filing date
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Application filed by Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc, Kimberly Clark Corp filed Critical Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
Publication of WO2007078562A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007078562A2/fr
Publication of WO2007078562A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007078562A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/002—Tissue paper; Absorbent paper
    • D21H27/004—Tissue paper; Absorbent paper characterised by specific parameters
    • D21H27/005—Tissue paper; Absorbent paper characterised by specific parameters relating to physical or mechanical properties, e.g. tensile strength, stretch, softness

Definitions

  • Tabbing is a critical dispensing failure in which a small piece is pulled from a paper towel when it is desired to dispense the entire towel. This typically occurs because the user's hands are wet and the tensile force required to pull a towel from the dispenser is high.
  • the wet tensile strength of a paper towel is typically about 30 percent to 35 percent of the towel's dry tensile strength.
  • the paper towel is put at a disadvantage when encountering the user's wet hands and the towel will often fail to dispense and leave the user holding only a small piece of the paper towel.
  • machine direction means the length of a web or towel in the direction in which it is produced.
  • cross machine direction means the width of fabric or towel, i.e. a direction generally orthogonal to the MD.
  • tabbing has also been addressed by improving the folding of the towel such that multiple plies of the towel material are presented to the user desiring to dispense the towel, thus multiplying the strength of the towel being dispensed. All of these methods have helped reduce the level of tabbing experienced, however, it has been found that the levels of tabbing are still unacceptable.
  • One factor that magnifies the problem is the many towel put-ups and dispenser types from which such paper towels are dispensed. Paper towels dispense in either the MD or the CD directions depending on the format of the dispenser. Additionally, stresses that occur on all towels during dispensing impact both the MD and CD of the towel.
  • the ratio of CDTE ⁇ A * 1000 to CD tensile is between about 6 and about 9.
  • the stretch of the paper towel may be between about 6 percent and about 20 percent.
  • the invention is also directed to a durable paper towel comprising a single throughdried uncreped tissue ply having a GMT of about 2700 grams or greater per 7.62 centimeters, a ratio of GMTEA * 1000 to GMT of about 7 or greater, and a CD stretch between about 6 percent and about 20 percent.
  • the paper towel may have a ratio of CDTEA * 1000 to CD tensile between about 6 and about 9. In some embodiments, the paper towel may have a CD stretch between about 7 percent and about 15 percent. In further embodiments, the paper towel may have a CD stretch between about 8 percent and about 12 percent.
  • the invention is also directed to a durable paper towel comprising at least one throughdried uncreped tissue ply having a GMT of about 2700 grams or greater per 7.62 centimeters, and a CD stretch between about 6 percent and about 20 percent. In some embodiments, the towel may have a ratio of CDTEA * 1000 to CD tensile between about 6 and about 9.
  • Another aspect of the invention is a durable paper towel having a GMT of about 2700 grams or greater per 7.62 centimeters, a ratio of GMTEA * 1000 to GMT of about 7 or greater, and a CD stretch between about 6 percent and about 20 percent.
  • the towel prepared by forming a furnish of cellulosic fibers and water and depositing that furnish on a forming fabric to form a fibrous web.
  • the fibrous web is transferred from the forming web to a transfer fabric and from the transfer fabric to a throughdrying fabric.
  • the fibrous web is then subjected to non- compressive through-air drying to remove the water from the fibrous web. Finally, the fibrous web is removed from the throughdrying fabric without creping the fibrous web.
  • At least one of these fabrics has a topography in the CD such that CD strain is imparted to the fibrous web.
  • the transfer fabric has an increased CD strain.
  • the throughdrying fabric has an increased CD strain.
  • the throughdrying fabric has an increased CD strain and the transfer fabric does not have any appreciable CD strain.
  • the invention is also directed to a method for making a durable uncreped throughdried paper towel having a GMT of about 2700 grams or greater per 7.62 centimeters, a ratio of GMTEA * 1000 to GMT of about 7 or greater, and a CD stretch between about 6 percent and about 20 percent.
  • the method includes the steps of depositing an aqueous suspension of papermaking fibers onto a forming fabric to form a wet web, transferring the wet web to a transfer fabric, transferring the wet web from the transfer fabric to a throughdrying fabric, throughdrying the web to form a tissue sheet, and removing the tissue sheet from the throughdrying fabric.
  • At least one of these fabrics has a topography in the CD such that CD strain is imparted to the fibrous web.
  • the throughdrying fabric has an increased CD strain.
  • the throughdrying fabric has an increased CD strain and the transfer fabric does not have any appreciable CD strain.
  • any ranges of values set forth in this specification contemplate all values within the range and are to be construed as support for claims reciting any sub-ranges having endpoints which are whole number values within the specified range in question.
  • a disclosure in this specification of a range of from 1 to 5 shall be considered to support claims to any of the following ranges: 1-5; 1-4; 1-3; 1-2; 2-5; 2-4; 2-3; 3-5; 3-4; and 4-5.
  • Tensile testing is conducted in the manner which is well known. More particularly, samples for tensile strength testing are prepared by cutting a 3 inches (76.2 mm) wide by 5 inches (127 mm) long strip in either the machine direction or cross-machine direction orientation using a JDC Precision Sample Cutter (Thwing-Albert Instrument Company, Philadelphia, PA, Model No. JDC 3- 10).
  • the instrument used for measuring tensile strengths is an constant-rate-of- extension (CRE) testing machine with a computer-based data acquisition and frame control system, such as an MTS Systems Sintech 11S (MTS Systems Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN).
  • the data acquisition software is MTS TestWorks ® for Windows (MTS Systems Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC).
  • the load cell is selected from either a 50 Newton or 100 Newton maximum, depending on the strength of the sample being tested, such that the majority of peak load values fall between 10 and 90 percent of the load cell's full scale value. Primarily a 100 Newton load cell was used for this testing.
  • the gauge length between jaws is 4 +/- 0.04 inches (101.6 +/-1 mm).
  • the jaws are operated using pneumatic-action and are rubber coated.
  • the minimum grip face width is 3 inches (76.2 mm), and the approximate height of a jaw is 0.5 inches (12.7 mm).
  • the crosshead speed is 10 +/- 0.4 inches/min (254 +/-1 mm/min), and the break sensitivity is set at 65 percent.
  • the sample is placed in the jaws of the instrument, centered both vertically and horizontally.
  • the test is then started and ends when the specimen breaks.
  • the peak load is recorded as either the "MD tensile strength” or the “CD tensile strength” of the specimen depending on the sample being tested.
  • At least six (6) representative specimens are tested for each product, taken “as is”, and the arithmetic average of all individual specimen tests is either the MD or CD tensile strength for the product.
  • stretch and tensile energy absorbed are also reported by the MTS TestWorks® for Windows program for each sample measured.
  • Stretch (either MD stretch or CD stretch) is reported as a percentage and is defined as the ratio of the slack-corrected elongation of a specimen at the point it generates its peak load divided by the slack-corrected gauge length.
  • Total energy absorbed is calculated as the area under the stress- strain curve during the same tensile test as has previously described above. The area is based on the strain value reached when the sheet is strained to rupture and the load placed on the sheet has dropped to 65 percent of the peak tensile load. Since the thickness of a paper sheet is generally unknown and varies during the test, it is common practice to ignore the cross-sectional area of the sheet and report the "stress" on the sheet as a load per unit length or typically in the units of grams per 3 inches of width. For the TEA calculation, the stress is converted to grams per centimeter and the area calculated by integration. The units of strain are centimeters per centimeter so that the final TEA units become g-cm/cm 2 .
  • the TEA is measured in the MD and the CD of the samples. Additionally, the geometric mean tensile strength (GMT) is calculated from the tensile strength measurements. The GMT is calculated as the square root of the product of the MD tensile strength and the CD tensile strength.
  • the caliper of the sheet is measured as the thickness of a single sheet using a controlled loading micrometer. The caliper is measured using a micrometer having an anvil diameter of 56.42 millimeters and a loading pressure is 2.0 kPa. The results are reported in mil (0.001 inches). To convert the results to microns multiply by 25.4.
  • the basis weight is calculated by measuring the weight of a sample of known area after it is "bone dry".
  • Nine 4-inch by 4-inch (101.6 by 101.6 mm) samples are die cut and conditioned in a 105 degree C (+/- 2 degrees) oven for eight minutes and allowed to cool no more than eight minutes prior to weighing.
  • the results are reported in pounds per ream (lb/2880 ft 2 ). To convert the results to grams per square meter, multiply the results by 1.6953.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic of a papermaking apparatus.
  • FIG. 2 is a plot showing percentage of dispensing failures versus geometric mean total energy absorbed (GMTEA) for examples produced in accordance with this invention.
  • GTEA geometric mean total energy absorbed
  • Suitable papermaking processes useful for making tissue sheets in accordance with this invention include uncreped throughdrying processes which are well known in the tissue and towel papermaking art. Such processes are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,607,551 issued March 4, 1997 to Farrington et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,672,248 issued September. 30, 1997 to Wendt et al. and U.S. Patent No. 5,593,545 issued January 14, 1997 to Rugowski et al., all of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • FIG. 1 a process of carrying out using the present invention will be described in greater detail.
  • the process shown depicts an uncreped through dried process, but it will be recognized that any known papermaking method or tissue making method can be used in conjunction with the non-woven tissue making fabrics of the present invention.
  • Related uncreped through air dried tissue processes are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,656,132 issued on August 12, 1997 to Farrington et al. and in U.S. Patent No. 6,017,417 issued on January 25, 2000 to Wendt et al. Both patents are herein incorporated by reference to the extent they are not contradictory herewith.
  • a twin wire former having a papermaking headbox 10 injects or deposits a furnish of an aqueous suspension of papermaking fibers onto a plurality of forming fabrics, such as the outer forming fabric 5 and the inner forming fabric 3, thereby forming a wet tissue web 6.
  • the forming process of the present invention may be any conventional forming process known in the papermaking industry. Such formation processes include, but are not limited to, Fourdriniers, roof formers such as suction breast roll formers, and gap formers such as twin wire formers and crescent formers.
  • the wet tissue web 6 forms on the inner forming fabric 3 as the inner forming fabric 3 revolves about a forming roll 4.
  • the inner forming fabric 3 serves to support and carry the newly-formed wet tissue web 6 downstream in the process as the wet tissue web 6 is partially dewatered to a consistency of about 10 percent based on the dry weight of the fibers. Additional dewatering of the wet tissue web 6 may be carried out by known paper making techniques, such as vacuum suction boxes, while the inner forming fabric 3 supports the wet tissue web 6.
  • the wet tissue web 6 may be additionally dewatered to a consistency of at least about 20 percent, more specifically between about 20 percent to about 40 percent, and more specifically about 20 percent to about 30 percent.
  • the forming fabric 3 can generally be made from any suitable porous material, such as metal wires or polymeric filaments.
  • suitable fabricS ' Can include, but are not limited to, Albany 84M and 94M available from Albany International (Albany, NY); Asten 856, 866, 867, 892, 934, 939, 959, or 937; Asten Synweve Design 274, all of which are available from Asten Forming Fabrics, Inc. (Appleton, Wl); and Voith 2184 available from Voith Fabrics (Appleton, Wl).
  • Other suitable fabrics are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,120,640 to Lindsay, et al. and 4,529,480 to Trokhan. Forming fabrics or felts comprising nonwoven base layers may also be useful, including those of Scapa Corporation made with extruded polyurethane foam such as the Spectra Series.
  • Suitable cellulosic fibers for use in connection with this invention include secondary (recycled) papermaking fibers and virgin papermaking fibers in all proportions.
  • Such fibers include, without limitation, hardwood and softwood fibers as well as nonwoody fibers.
  • Noncellulosic synthetic fibers can also be included as a portion of the furnish. It has been found that a high quality product having a unique balance of properties may be made using predominantly secondary fibers or all secondary fibers.
  • wet strength resins may be added to the furnish as desired to increase the wet strength of the final product.
  • wet strength resins belong to the class of polymers termed polyamide-polyamine epichlorohydrin resins.
  • polyamide-polyamine epichlorohydrin resins There are many commercial suppliers of these types of resins including Hercules, Inc. (Kymene®), Henkel Corp. (Fibrabond®), Borden Chemical (Cascamide®), Georgia-Pacific Corp. and others.
  • These polymers are characterized by having a polyamide backbone containing reactive crosslinking groups distributed along the backbone.
  • Other useful wet strength agents are marketed by American Cyanamid under the Parez® tradename as well as materials described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,085, 736; 5,088,344 and 4,981 ,557 issued to Procter & Gamble.
  • dry strength resins can be added to the furnish as desired to increase the dry strength of the final product.
  • dry strength resins include, but are not limited to carboxymethyl celluloses (CMC), any type of starch, starch derivatives, gums, polyacrylamide resins, and others as are well known.
  • the wet web 6 is then transferred from the forming fabric 3 to a transfer fabric 8 while at a solids consistency of between about 10 percent to about 35 percent, and particularly, between about 20 percent to about 30 percent.
  • a "transfer fabric” is a fabric that is positioned between the forming section and the drying section of the web manufacturing process.
  • Transfer to the transfer fabric 8 may be carried out with the assistance of positive and/or negative pressure.
  • a vacuum shoe 9 can apply negative pressure such that the forming fabric 3 and the transfer fabric 8 simultaneously converge and diverge at the leading edge of the vacuum slot.
  • the vacuum shoe 9 supplies pressure at levels between about 10 to about 25 inches of mercury.
  • the vacuum transfer shoe 9 (negative pressure) can be supplemented or replaced by the use of positive pressure from the opposite side of the web to blow the web onto the next fabric.
  • other vacuum shoes can also be used to assist in drawing the fibrous web 6 onto the surface of the transfer fabric 8.
  • the transfer fabric 8 travels at a slower speed than the forming fabric 3 to enhance the "MD stretch" of the web, which generally refers to the stretch of a web in its machine or length direction (expressed as percent elongation at sample failure).
  • the relative speed difference between the two fabrics can be from 0 percent to about 80 percent, in some embodiments from about 5 percent to about 50 percent, and in some embodiments, from about 8 percent to about 18 percent.
  • This is commonly referred to as "rush” transfer.
  • rush transfer many of the bonds of the web are believed to be broken, thereby forcing the sheet to bend and fold into the depressions on the surface of the transfer fabric 8.
  • Such molding to the contours of the surface of the transfer fabric 8 may increase the MD and CD stretch of the web.
  • Rush transfer from one fabric to another can follow the principles taught in any one of the following patents, each of which is herein incorporated by reference to the extent it is not contradictory herewith: U.S. Patent No. 5,667,636 to Engel et al.; U.S. Patent No. 5,830,321 to Lindsay et al.; U.S. Patent No. 4,440,597 to Wells et al.; U.S. Patent No. 4,551 ,199 to Weldon; and U.S. Patent No. 4,849,054 to Klowak.
  • the wet tissue web 6 is then transferred from the transfer fabric 8 to a throughdrying fabric 11. While supported by the throughdrying fabric 11 , the wet tissue web 6 is dried to a final consistency of about 94 percent or greater by a throughdryer 13.
  • the dried tissue web 15 is then removed from the throughdrying fabric 11 and traverses an open draw 20, before passing through a pair of steel calender rolls 16,18 which adjust the web 15 to the desired finished caliper.
  • the web 15 then passes through the winding nip between the reel drum 22 and the reel 23 and is wound into a roll of tissue 25 for subsequent converting, such as slitting cutting, folding, and packaging.
  • the wet tissue web 6 may be macroscopically rearranged to conform to the surface of the throughdrying fabric 11 with the aid of a vacuum transfer roll 12 or a vacuum transfer shoe like the vacuum shoe 9. If desired, the throughdrying fabric 11 can be run at a speed slower than the speed of the transfer fabric 8 to further enhance MD stretch of the resulting absorbent tissue product. The transfer may be carried out with vacuum assistance to ensure conformation of the wet tissue web 6 to the topography of the throughdrying fabric 11.
  • the drying process can be any noncompressive drying method which tends to preserve, or increase, the caliper or thickness of the wet web including, without limitation, throughdrying, infra-red radiation, microwave drying, etc. Because of its commercial availability and practicality, throughdrying is well- known and is a preferred means for noncompressively drying the web for purposes of this invention.
  • the throughdrying process and tackle can be conventional as is well known in the papermaking industry. Suitable throughdrying processes are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,048,589 to Cook et al. (1991) entitled “Non-Creped Hand or Wiper Towel” and U.S. Pat. No.4,440,597 to Wells et al. (1984) entitled "Wet-Microcontracted Paper and Concomitant Process", which are herein incorporated by reference.
  • the finished basis weight of the individual throughdried sheet or ply used for purposes of this invention can preferably be from about 20 to about 50 gsm, and more particularly from about 28 to about 38 gsm.
  • multiple throughdried sheet can be plied together to form a multi-ply product having two, three, four or more plies.
  • These multi-ply products have unexpectedly high caliper and absorbency characteristics for the amount of fiber involved.
  • the basis weight of a multi-ply products depend upon the number of plies and the basis weight of each ply.
  • the geometric mean tensile strength (GMT) of the tissue sheets of this invention can be about 2700 grams per 7.62 centimeters (hereinafter designated simply as "grams”), more specifically from about 3400 grams to about 4200 grams.
  • GMTEA is the square root of the product of the MD TEA and the CDTEA.
  • TEA is calculated as the area under the stress-strain curve provided by tensile testing of the paper towel material. As such, TEA can be increased by increasing the tensile strength of the material (i.e., increasing possible stress), increasing the stretch of the material (i.e., increasing possible strain), or by increasing a combination of strength and stretch.
  • the present invention increases the dispensability of the paper products (i.e., increased GMTEA) by increasing the CDTEA of the product through increased CD stretch, while keeping the MD tensile, CD tensile, and MD stretch constant.
  • This increase in CD stretch is imparted to the fibrous web during the production of the tissue sheet through the use of fabrics with topographical structure.
  • the ratio of CDTEA to CD tensile strength helps characterize the nature of the invention.
  • the ratio of GMTEA to GMT similarly characterizes the invention by normalizing effects that could be attributed to increases in tensile strength.
  • the desired ratio of CDTEA (*1000) to CD tensile for the tissue sheets of the present invention is between about 6 and about 9.
  • the desired ratio of GMTEA (*1000) to GMT for the tissue sheets of the present invention is about 7 or greater.
  • the various fabrics used to produce the towels of the present invention particularly the throughdrying fabric and the transfer fabric, have a topographical structure that imparts three-dimensionality to the resulting tissue sheet or ply. This three-dimensionality in turn imparts CD stretch to the sheet because the three-dimensional bumps and/or ridges can be pulled out when the sheet is stressed.
  • This increased “topography” of the fabric is often interchangeably referred to as increased “strain”, with respect to the fabric, and reflects the increased strain that is imparted to the material webs that are formed thereon.
  • the MD stretch is also enhanced in part by the three-dimensionality, but to a greater extent the MD stretch is provided by the "rush" transfer of the newly- formed web from the faster moving forming fabric to the slower moving transfer fabric, or by creping if present.
  • Suitable three-dimensional fabrics useful for purposes of this invention are those fabrics having a top surface and a bottom surface.
  • the top surface supports the wet tissue web.
  • the wet tissue web conforms to the top surface and during molding is strained into a three- dimensional topographic form corresponding to the three-dimensional topography of the top surface of the fabric.
  • Adjacent the bottom surface, the fabric has a load-bearing layer which integrates the fabric and provides a relatively smooth surface for contact with various tissue machine elements.
  • Fabrics can be woven or non-woven, or a combination of a woven substrate with an extruded sculpture layer which provides the topographical sculptured layer. Fabrics may also be finished so the warps are parallel to the cross-machine direction when run on a tissue machine, creating a series of substantially continuous cross-machine direction ridges separated by valleys.
  • the transfer and TAD fabrics used herein have textured sheet-contacting surfaces comprising of substantially continuous machine-direction ridges separated by valleys and are similar to those described in U.S. Patent No. 6,673,202 to Burazin et al., herein incorporated by reference. Furthermore, such fabrics with ridged sculpted layers can be extended to include ridges having a height of from 0.4 mm to about 5 millimeters, a ridge width of 0.5 mm or greater and a CD ridge frequency of from about 1.5 to about 8 per centimeter. Specific fabric styles described in this manner include Voith Fabrics t1205-1, t1207-6, t1203-1 , and t1203-8.
  • the t1205-1 fabric has 3.02 ripples/cm and a ridge height of approximately 0.8 mm.
  • the t1203-1 fabric has 2.03 ripples/cm and a ridge height of approximately 1.1mm.
  • the t1207-6 fabric has a high degree of topography, similar to the t125-1 and t1203-1 , but with a more uniform CD strain profile than either of the t1203-1 or t1205-1 fabrics.
  • Voith t124-13 has a medium level topography compared to the high topography fabrics discussed above and the low level of topography of flat fabrics.
  • the t124-13 has MD and CD elements, but not the level of MD-oriented structure present for the t1207-6 fabric.
  • this medium level topography fabric will impart less CD strain into the fiber web than the high topography fabric.
  • a flat fabrics that are commonly used in paper product manufacturing such as the 44GST fabric pattern (available from Voith Fabrics, among others), have much less topography than either the high topography fabrics (such as t1207-6) or medium topography fabrics (such as t124-13).
  • Such flat fabrics have no appreciable topography.
  • a low topography (or "flat") fabric will impart very little CD strain to the fiber web.
  • topographical fabrics with topographical features are described by U.S. Patent No. 5,429,686 issued on JuI. 4, 1995 to Chiu et al., of which fabric style Voith Fabrics t807-1 is one embodiment. Additional topographical fabrics with MD dominant features which can be utilized are described in U.S. Patent No. 6,706,152 to Burazin et al., herein incorporated by reference. Alternately, the TAD fabric may have topography produced by compounds applied to the fabric, such as discussed in U.S. Patent Application No. 11/020932 to Krautkramer et al., filed December 23, 2004.
  • fabrics suitable for use as the transfer fabric or the TAD fabric can have textured sheet-contacting surfaces comprising of a waffle-like pattern consisting of both machine-direction and cross-machine direction ridges with sculpted layers which have a peak height (from lowest element contacted by the tissue to the highest element) ranging from 0.5 mm to about 8 millimeters, and a frequency of occurrence of the two-dimensional pattern from about 0.8 to about 3.6 per square centimeter of fabric.
  • textured sheet-contacting surfaces comprising of a waffle-like pattern consisting of both machine-direction and cross-machine direction ridges with sculpted layers which have a peak height (from lowest element contacted by the tissue to the highest element) ranging from 0.5 mm to about 8 millimeters, and a frequency of occurrence of the two-dimensional pattern from about 0.8 to about 3.6 per square centimeter of fabric.
  • a pilot uncreped throughdried tissue machine was configured similarly to that illustrated in FIG. 1 and was used to produce multiple examples of the one-ply, uncreped throughdried paper towel basesheets of the present invention.
  • the furnish used was a mixture of 50 percent recycled fiber, 30 percent northern softwood kraft fibers (NSWK) 1 and 20 percent southern softwood kraft (SSWK) fiber.
  • the recycled fibers were dispersed in a pulper for 30 minutes at a consistency of 3 percent.
  • the NSWK and SSWK fibers were dispersed in a pulper for 30 minutes at a consistency of 3 percent and then refined.
  • the level of refining (in units of horsepower-day per ton of fiber) of the softwood kraft fibers for each of the Examples is given in Table 1.
  • the fibers were then blended in a 50/50 ratio and the thick stock was sent to a machine chest and diluted to a consistency of 3 percent.
  • Wet strength resin (Kymene®) and dry strength resins (CMC) were added to the furnish prior to delivering the furnish to the forming fabric.
  • the strength resins were added in the amounts (in units of kg per metric ton of fiber) as given in Table 1.
  • the machine chest furnish was diluted to approximately 0.1 percent consistency and delivered to a forming fabric using a three-layered headbox in a blended configuration.
  • the forming fabric speed was approximately 1700 fpm.
  • the resulting web was then transferred to a transfer fabric traveling approximately 15 percent slower than the forming fabric using a vacuum shoe (at 8 - 10 mm Hg) to assist the transfer.
  • a molded vacuum roll (at 20 - 25 mm Hg) was used to deliver the web onto a throughdrying fabric.
  • the web was dried with a throughdryer operating at a temperature of 350 degrees F (177 degrees C).
  • the paper towel basesheet was then directed through a calender nip formed by two steel calender rolls set to deliver the desired finished caliper of the material.
  • Paper towel basesheets were produced with an oven-dry basis weight of approximately 16.3 lb/2880 ft 2 (27.6 g/m 2 ). All testing was performed on basesheets from the pilot machine without further processing and on finished (calendered) products. All codes were produced to strength targets of 5100 g for MD tensile, 4150 g for GMT, and MD tensile to CD tensile ratio of 1.5.
  • TAD transfer and throughdrying
  • the different three TAD fabrics and two different transfer fabrics used for the examples were all obtained from Voith Fabrics (Appleton, Wl) and included two low topography fabrics (2164 and 44GST), a medium topography fabric (t124-13) and a high topography fabric (t1207-6).
  • the fabrics used for each Example are given in Table 1.
  • the resulting basesheet properties are given in Table 2 and the resultant finished product properties are given in Table 3.
  • the finished hardroll towels produced for Examples 1 - 8 were additionally tested for dispensability.
  • Each test roll was placed in a standard wall-mounted dispenser (K-C Insight® Sanitouch® Hard Roll Towel Dispenser, available from Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Roswell, GA) for testing by a human test subject using a metronome to ensure reproducibility of the rate at which the dispensing action is performed.
  • K-C Insight® Sanitouch® Hard Roll Towel Dispenser available from Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Roswell, GA
  • the test subject dipped their hands into a tub of water up to their second knuckles.
  • the hands were removed from the water and excess water is shaken from the thumb and fingers.
  • the towel was grasped with the thumb and pad of three fingers on the third beat.
  • On the fourth beat the towel is pulled from the dispenser.
  • the test procedure is performed 40 times per testing cycle.
  • rolls were tested using four different dispensing cycles: one-hand fast, one-hand slow, two-hand fast, two-hand slow.
  • the fast test cycles were performed with the metronome set to 105 beats per minute and the slow test cycles were performed with the metronome set to 80 beats per minute.
  • the towel was grasped on the left and right edges of the towel protruding from the dispenser.
  • the towel was grasped on the right edge of the towel protruding from the dispenser by the subject's right hand.
  • the testing cycles are randomized amongst 12 rolls per Example such that only two testing cycles were tested on each test roll.
  • FIG. 2 shows the percentage of failure versus the GMTEA for the Examples.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une serviette en papier non crêpé à jet unique durable ayant un niveau accru d'énergie totale moyenne géométrique absorbée (GMTEA) par traction moyenne géométrique (GMT) et un niveau accru d'énergie totale de direction transversale à la machine absorbée (CDTEA) par résistance à la traction de direction transversale à la machine. L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'une telle serviette en papier.
PCT/US2006/046701 2005-12-15 2006-12-07 Essuie-mains durable Ceased WO2007078562A2 (fr)

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