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WO2007068248A2 - Procede et installation de production d'un engrais naturel - Google Patents

Procede et installation de production d'un engrais naturel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007068248A2
WO2007068248A2 PCT/DK2006/000708 DK2006000708W WO2007068248A2 WO 2007068248 A2 WO2007068248 A2 WO 2007068248A2 DK 2006000708 W DK2006000708 W DK 2006000708W WO 2007068248 A2 WO2007068248 A2 WO 2007068248A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mixture
manure
chamber
composting
mixing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DK2006/000708
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2007068248A3 (fr
Inventor
Anne Belinda Thomsen
Søren GOUL
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MANUROX APS
Original Assignee
MANUROX APS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MANUROX APS filed Critical MANUROX APS
Publication of WO2007068248A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007068248A2/fr
Publication of WO2007068248A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007068248A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of a natural fertilizer, enriched soil or the like. Furthermore, the invention is also directed to a facility suitable for the manufacture of such a natural fertilizer, enriched soil or the like.
  • the object of the present invention is, therefore, to create a biological composting method for the manufacture of a natural fertilizer, enriched soil or the like, in which process the pH value is lowered in a natural way, and where manure or residue from a biogas installation is used as a major component in the natural fertilizer product.
  • the biological composting method provides a product in which the ammonia content is maintained, malodorous substances are converted, and vital nutrients both micronutri- ents and, in particular, macronutrient are conserved such that a substantial odour free and a stable natural fertilizer product is obtained.
  • the urban spread has also created problems for agriculture in that people living in these new urban areas will suffer odour problems in the periods where the manure is spread in the fields, and during a period of time until the malodorous substances have either been converted by natural processes into soil, or have evaporated. Every farmer feels that his perception is threatened when he repeatedly is being reported to the local authorities for nuisance in connection with distribution of manure in the fields. Even when limiting the distribution to the limited periods during the year where spreading of manure is allowed, it still causes annoyance for people living in the vicinity.
  • the nuisances deriving from the odour of the manure spreading process is in particularly caused by the ammonia evaporation from the manure when it is being spread.
  • Ammonia is soluble in water, but is at the same time convertible to a gas, which will evaporate at ambient temperature (NH 3 (Aq.) ⁇ NH 3 (gas)), especially at pH values above 7.
  • nitrate In the soil, an equilibrium will be established between the ammonia and ammonium which will be further converted to nitrate. Both ammonium and nitrate will be used by plants for growth. Part of the nitrate will be converted into dinitrogene oxide, also known as laughing gas (N 2 O), which will evaporate and dispense in the atmosphere. Dinitrogene oxide is a so-called green house gas, and it is environmentally desirable to limit the emission of these green house gasses.
  • the low temperature will reduce the evapora- tion, but a substantial part of the manure, in particular the liquid fraction, will evaporate before it is converted in the soil.
  • the soil has, furthermore, use for organic material and nutrient in order to maintain the biological activity which is a characterising feature of a fertile soil.
  • the plants growing in the soil need both micro and macro nutrients in order to grow, and in order to be able to build up a substantial amount of vital nutrients such as vitamins, plant enzymes and miner- als, in order to build up resistance against plant diseases. If this may be achieved in an environmental-friendly manner, the use of pesticides may be reduced.
  • selenium micro nutrition element selenium
  • Northern Europe and in particular in Denmark.
  • selenium is easily obtained and used by plants, and there is a consensus that selenium has a decisive influence on the well-being of animals and humans, and in particular in order to improve the resistance against certain cancer types, cardiovascular diseases as well as allergies.
  • the fertilizer is rich on es- sential micro and macro nutrients, and has a large content of organic matter for the benefit of bacteria and microbes.
  • the invention describes a method for the manufacture of such a natural fertilizer, enriched soil or the like which is based on composting manure or solid fractions of ma- nure with an added content of lignocellulosic material.
  • the manure may be any type of manure, for example obtained from pigs, cattle, horses, sheep, chickens or any other animal.
  • the lignocellulosic material may be obtained from a number of sources.
  • the most readily available source is straw, which may be straw in its broadest sense, i.e. straw from wheat, oat, barley, rice, corn, rape seed, grass or any other crop.
  • the lignocellu- loses material may, further, be a waste residue of straw utilisation such as horse bedding material or deep litter etc..
  • the lignocellulosic material may, further, be in the shape of hulls.
  • so-called hulls generally denotes the outer covering, rind, shell, pod or husk of any plant.
  • the term employed herein also embraces for example, the outer covering of an ear of maize.
  • hulls include hulls selected among the following: hulls from grasses, oat (Avena spp., such as A. sativa), barley (Hordeum spp., such as H. vulgare), wheat (Triticum spp., including T. durum); rye (Secal cereale), rice
  • sorghum spp. including S. bicolor var. durra (known, inter alia, as "durra” ) and milo]
  • buckwheat Fagopyrum spp., such as F. esculentum
  • maize also known as corn (Zea mays), including sweetcorn]
  • rape-seed from Brassica spp., such as B. napus, B. napus subsp. rapifera or B. napus subsp.
  • cottonseed from Gossypium spp., such as G. heraceum
  • almond Panus dulcis, including both sweet and bitter almond
  • sunflower seed Helianthus spp., such as H. an- nuus
  • the invention therefore provides a method which is particular in that the method comprises the following steps: a) a mixture is created by mixing manure with one or more types of lignocellulosic material such that the ratio of lignocellulosic material to the solid fraction of the mixture is in the range from 1 :3 up to 1 :25; b) the mixture is allowed to compost for a first period of time; c) Sulphur or a Sulphur rich component in an amount of between l%o to l ⁇ %o by weight of the mixture is added to the mixture at any time during the first compost time but more preferably after ending this; d) the mixture is allowed to compost for a second period of time, during which time the mixture is mixed occasionally in order to allow air into the mixture; e) the temperature of the mixture is adjusted to be in the interval above 55 0 C up to 95 0 C for approximately 10 hours whereby the mixture is pasteurised; f) the pasteurized mixture is cooled to below 5O 0 C during a mixing process, which is
  • the texture of the mixture, and in particular the finished product is of course very sensible to the amount of lignocellulosic material added. Tests, however, have shown that in the intervals mentioned above, the resulting product, i.e. the natural fertilizer, is stable in such a manner that it may be packaged and stored without having to provide special conditions for its storage, and at the same time it may be transported and distributed/spread in gardens, fields and the like without any problems, and without the use of special implements.
  • the texture will vary from a very thick sludge-like condition to a very dry material having a loose consistency.
  • solid fraction is within the definition used for this invention material or mixture where the moisture content is 70% or less.
  • S 8 Sulphur rich component
  • the NH 4 + fraction will be a component in the manure compost, or will be present as ammonium sulphate due to the following reaction:
  • the Sulphur oxidation processes described in equation (1) is caused by the interaction of the bacteria Thiobacillus thiooxidans. These bacteria are already present in the ma- nure, but may advantageously be added to the mixture as described in a further preferred embodiment of the invention. By adding a batch of Thiobacillus thiooxidans bacteria, the composting process will be accelerated, and at the same time it is assured that a sufficient amount of bacteria is present in the mixture in order to create a substantial complete composting process in an effective manner.
  • ammonia is temporarily bound in the manure as ammonia sulphate or will bind to the lignocellulosic fraction of the manure, which has a large cationic ion exchanging capability.
  • This mechanism will substantially reduce the malodours as well as the evaporation of ammonia from the mixture, and at the same time counter the leaching of macro and micro nutrients.
  • other organic connections will be converted such as for example mercaptans and other malodorous connections, which further reduce the annoying odour emission.
  • the resulting product is a substantially odourless product which is rich on easily ac- cessible organic micro and macro nutrients (among these Sulphur), which will improve the growth of the plants, and in particular the synthesis of proteins, vitamins and enzymes.
  • the product will, due to its characteristic non-smell, not be associated with manure, and the physical presence of the material will, as already mentioned above, be comparable to soil.
  • the method may readily be used on farms, and the resulting product/mixture will be useable directly in the fields, in nurseries, gardens and anywhere else where it is desirable to improve the quality of the soil by complementing the soil with natural nutrients.
  • a further advantage is obtained with the fertilizer product according to the invention in the fact that the fertilizer will, in particular in comparison to the "pure" manure, release the nutrients at a slower rate whereby the plants will be able to use a greater percentage of the nutrients.
  • the fertilizer will, in particular in comparison to the "pure" manure, release the nutrients at a slower rate whereby the plants will be able to use a greater percentage of the nutrients.
  • the Sulphur or Sulphur-rich component added in method step c) may, for example, be added by means of percolating a Sulphur containing gas through the mixture or by adding a Sulphur rich liquid
  • the family of bacteria with the genus Thiobacillus for example Thiobacillus thiooxidans or Thiobacillus f err ooxidans, may be added or added as a supplement to the Thiobacillus thiooxidans in that these bacteria also will create the necessary oxidation whereby the odour generating substances are oxidised, and thereby become harmless as a odour component.
  • the resulting mixture will have a more granular characteristic. Also, during the process less water has to be evaporated during the pasteurisation and ventilating steps of the method.
  • the mixture is remixed occasionally such that a thorough compostation of the entire mixture will be facilitated, and at the same time during the compostation oxygen will be present and be mixed in, such that a substantially complete and rapid oxidisation, and thereby compostation, may be achieved.
  • the temperature in the mixture will rise to such a level in the interior of the mixture that it may be necessary to remix the mixture in order to release some of this heat which otherwise would kill certain micro organisms present in the mixture.
  • a drying step may be provided as foreseen in a further embodiment where the energy for the drying of the mixture may be collected from the composting processes, and thereby reused in this drying step.
  • the inventive mixture which is the result of the method according to the invention may be further improved or given special characteristics by adding one or more additives as proposed in a still further embodiment of the invention, where additives such as crushed lava, clay minerals such as bentonite, perlite, vermiculite, smectite, kaolin- ite, illiteand other comparable minerals, gypsum, flyash, microsilica, silt and sand or other minerals, macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium), micro nutrients (Iron, Manganese, Zinc, Copper, Boron, Molybdenum, Chlorine, Nickel, Sodium, Selenium, Cobalt, Iodine, Vanadium or rare earth elements), meat or bone flour, sea shells optionally crushed, fish residues, ash and biomass con- taming residues from power and electricity, and biomass from plants algae, plankton, sea weed or sea grass, water hyacinths, elephant
  • the invented fertiliser is further enriched with micro and macro elements resulting in a more rich fertiliser. Further, introduction of more biomass components may enhance the composting process and adjust the mixture and thus the end product to a desired composition.
  • micro- and macronutrients mentioned above can be added, if needed, to adjust the mixture to obtain an especially desirable product.
  • enzymes may be introduced into the mixture, for example cellulases, hemicellulases, lacases, amylases, proteases, pecti- nases. By introduction of more enzymes, more biomass degradation occurs during the composting process, and thus the total composting time is being reduced.
  • the pH value of the mixture is a good indication of the ammonia content and thereby the smelliness of the mixture.
  • pH will fall from a level of approximately 8 down to 6-7.
  • the invention also comprises a facility for the manufacture of a natural fertilizer, enriched soil or the like according to a method described above.
  • the facility comprises: - a first mixing chamber, where optionally dispensing means are provided for dispensing Sulphur or a Sulphur rich component to the interior of the mixing chamber, and that a mixing device is arranged for creating a mixture of the materials introduced into said mixing chamber; - a composting chamber optionally comprising dispensing means;
  • a pasteurizing chamber including mixing means, temperature control means and heating and/or cooling means; - second means for transporting the mixture from the composting chamber to the pasteurizing chamber;
  • a storage chamber comprising cooling and/or ventilation means, and a mixture outlet means
  • one process chamber is arranged to be both composting chamber, pasteurizing chamber and storage chamber, and that only conveyor means are provided between the mixing chamber and the process chamber.
  • the facility for the manufacture of a natural fertilizer according to the invention may be carried out in a number of different ways. Below, three different embodiments will be described which all are contemplated within the inventive idea of the present inven- tion.
  • the manure is placed on the floor of a factory building where the manure is laid out in an elongated pile, for example 50 metres long, 2 metres wide, and 2 metres high.
  • a composting machine comprising one or more large drums having spikes extending from said drum where the spikes have an approximate length of 20 centimetres is thereafter advanced through the pile of manure. The cylinder is rotated and during the rotation the spikes will grab the manure and tear off sections of the manure which during the transport through the compost machine will be aired.
  • straw - for example straw from any cereal products such as wheat, oat, barley or the like - may be added in predetermined amounts such that the mixture of straw and manure on the rear side of the composting machine will be a mixture comprising both manure, both also straw.
  • the straw may be shredded prior to being introduced into the composting machine in order to distribute the straw content more evenly in the manure, whereby a substantially even distribution of straw and manure will be obtained in the mixture.
  • the first mixing chamber may, therefore, be compared to the building in which the original manure pile is placed, and the same building also acts as composting chamber in that the mixture on the rear side of the composting machine will begin to compost due to the presence of manure, straw and oxygen.
  • Sulphur or Sulphur rich components may be added to the mixture during the manure's passage through the composting machine, i.e. at the same time as the straw (shredded straw) is added to the manure in order to create the mixture.
  • the composting chamber may, furthermore, comprise dispensing means for dispensing Sulphur and/or bacteria, enzymes or one of the other desired components men- tioned above, and these dispensing means may be arranged in the composting machine such that during the first passage of the composting machine through the pile of manure, Sulphur or a Sulphur rich component is added to the mixture. By reversing the travelling direction of the composting machine such that it will, again, work its way through the pile of mixture, the mixture is aired and mixed.
  • the dispens- ing means already present in the composing machine may be used in order to add extra bacteria such as for example Thiobacillus thiooxidans or other related bacteria cultures which will oxidize the constituents of the mixture and thus fixate Ammonia and reduce/remove odour (see equation 1 and 2 above)
  • the following step of pasteurizing the mixture may be carried out by creating a pas- teurizing chamber, for example by covering the pile of mixture with an insulating cap, and increasing the temperature inside the mixture to the required 55 0 C.
  • the heating and/or cooling means may be in the shape of ventilating lances inserted into the mixture through the insulating cap such that, depending on the temperature in the mixture, hot or cold air may be forced into the mixture in order to cool or heat the mixture to the desired temperature range.
  • hot or cold air may be forced into the mixture in order to cool or heat the mixture to the desired temperature range.
  • the temperature should be kept under 95°C in that it is not desirable to kill off the micro bacteria which facilitates the composting and the conversion of manure and straw components to micro and macro nutrients, as well as the synthesis of proteins, vitamins and important enzymes.
  • the building in which the original pile of manure was placed may also constitute the storage chamber in that the floor may have a double floor wall construction as well as gratings in the top floor such that air may be forced into the space between the two floor levels, and due to the gratings arranged in the floor, the air will be forced up through the mixture such that it will be ventilated, dried, cooled and ready to be stored, hi this manner, all processes may take place in the same building which then will act as the process chamber.
  • the finished mixture may be loaded onto trucks and distributed to farms in bulk, or the mixture may be packaged in individual sacks for sale, for example in garden markets for private use in gardens, either in its original form or after pelletising, where it often is desired to have a smaller quantity.
  • Pelletising may also be advantageous for farm use in that the mixture according to the invention may be distributed in the fields by machinery already used on the farms.
  • the composting process develops a significant amount of heat, it is desirable to provide an installation such that this energy may be collected and reused, for example for the pasteurizing and drying process.
  • a certain amount of gas will evaporate from the pile of manure, and also from the mixture during the initial composing stages. This gas may advantageously be collected and used for heating processes, for example for heating the air used to control the temperature in the pasteurizing step and/or heat the air used for ventilation of the mixture.
  • the manure may be separated prior to being treated in the facility according to the present invention.
  • a manure separator for example a cyclone or a rotating grading system may be installed, such that the liquid or a substantial part of the liquid may be drained off and led to a collection tank before the substantially solid manure fraction is introduced into the mixing chamber.
  • a facility com- prising a mixing chamber for example in the shape of a tank, is provided.
  • the manure both the liquid and the solid fraction, is poured into the tank which is the mixing chamber, and straw either as a whole or previously shredded straw, is also unloaded into the tank.
  • Mixing means either in the shape of paddles arranged in the tank or other mechanical means, are thereafter activated in order to mix the substantially Hq- uid manure with the straw.
  • the mixture becomes substantially firm such that it looses its liquid stage.
  • a large amount of the liquid is absorbed in the straw material.
  • This in turn facilitates the use of a composting machine or the like to create a further mixture in that the composting machine, for example having a similar configuration as the composting machine described above, will provide a substantially even distribution of manure and straw in the resulting mixture.
  • the mixture may be left in the tank in order for the tank to function as the composting chamber, or the mixture may be removed such that the tank may be used for a new batch of raw materials, i.e. manure and straw.
  • the straw which is added to the manure may be whole straw or shredded straw.
  • the straw will decompose due to the action of the bacteria, and thereby the straw will become very brittle. This means that during the mixing processes, the straw will disintegrate and only be present in the mixture as very small parts.
  • the composting chamber may be a second tank in which tank temperature control means and heating or cooling means are provided such that the pasteurisation may take place after completion of the composting.
  • the advantage of placing the heating and/or cooling means in the composting chamber and in this man- ner create a combined composting and pasteurising chamber is the fact that during the composting process, the means for heating and/or cooling which may be in the shape of water piping may be used as a heat exchanger such that the excess heat produced during the compositing process may be extracted through the water piping and reused, for example in a parallel facility for heating the ventilation air or heating in the pas- teurising process.
  • the pasteurised mixture must be cooled, and optionally ventilated in order to vent off the last remains of ammonia.
  • This may advantageously be carried out in a third tank in which tank there is a double bottom, where the top bottom at least in sec- tions comprises grating such that it is possible to force air into the space between the two bottoms up through the gratings and in this manner ventilate air through the mixture.
  • it will be air that is ventilated through the mixture, but any oxygen containing gas may be used in that the oxidisation of the chemical compounds contained in the mixture will neutralise many of these compounds, and thereby neutralise the odours.
  • the main odour generating component in a mixture comprising manure in the amounts of the present invention will be the presence of ammonia.
  • the odour deriving from manure comprises more than 200 different odour agents which all have distinct odours and which are not registered as pleasant odours by bystanders.
  • the emission of odour due to this component is substantially eliminated. From the other 200 plus odour generating substances a number of these are neutralised due to the action of the micro bacteria processes as well as the generation of different chemical compounds which, as explained above, are converted from constituents of the manure or straw into micro as well as macro nutrient which are stable salts.
  • a third installation is contemplated as a mobile unit where, on for example a flatbed trailer, a mixing facility is placed.
  • the mixing chamber comprises an inlet for introducing manure and lignocellulosic material into the mixing chamber as well as mixing means provided inside the mixing chamber.
  • the necessary dispensing means for dis- pensing Sulphur are also arranged in the mixing chamber.
  • This facility is particularly foreseen for small batch productions, and the facility may be transported to a farm such that, as will be evident from the description below, as the facility has treated the manure and straw, a pile of finished fertilizer will be available at the farm without the logistic and costly steps of transporting both manure and straw to the facility for the manufacture of natural fertilizer, but rather taking the facility to where the raw materials are present in the first place. In this fashion, it is only necessary to transport the facility and the necessary amount of Sulphur.
  • a conveyor will convey the mixture to a composting cham- ber.
  • the composting chamber may be in the shape of a standard Euro container such that the mixture is dumped inside the container, for example through an opening at the top of the container.
  • the container may advantageously be placed next to the trailer. Before the new mixture is placed in the composting container, the container may have been emptied from already composted mixture, which mixture is introduced into a pasteurising chamber present on the flatbed trailer.
  • the pasteurising chamber may further include means for controlling the temperature which is necessary in order to carry out the pasteurising process, but will also comprise means arranged in the bottom such that an oxygen containing gas, which may be air, will be forced through the mixture placed in the pasteurising chamber in order to vent off remains of ammonia, water and to cool down the material at the end of the pasteurising process.
  • an oxygen containing gas which may be air
  • the mixture which has been pasteurised may be conveyed to a storage chamber which may be in the shape of a second Euro container from which the farmer, according to need, may collect the amount of fertilizer necessary.
  • a storage chamber which may be in the shape of a second Euro container from which the farmer, according to need, may collect the amount of fertilizer necessary.
  • the installation requiring machinery and control means may be built onto a flatbed trailer, whereas the passive storage means such as the composting chamber and the storage container may be rather cheap Euro containers placed in appropriate positions/locations on the farm.
  • provisions are made in order to bind a larger part of the ammonium in the mixture.
  • the material prior to introducing the lignocellulosic material, for example straw to the mixture, the material may be soaked in a liquid, for example sulphur or sulphuric acid containing water, or liquid manure to which sulphur is added. This will lower the pH of the mixture and thereby bind more ammonium (as ammonia) in the mixture.
  • a liquid for example sulphur or sulphuric acid containing water, or liquid manure to which sulphur is added. This will lower the pH of the mixture and thereby bind more ammonium (as ammonia) in the mixture.
  • Sulphur is, in its commercially available form, a powder which is easy to handle and stable under normal working conditions, i.e. normal temperature, humidity etc. It is therefore relatively uncomplicated to mix the desired sulphur content into the lignocellulosic material prior to introducing the material into the mixture with manure. This being particularly true when the sulphur is added dissolved in a liquid, whether it be water or the liquid manure fraction.
  • the lignocellulosic material may be wetted by a liquid containing a base, whereby the pH is elevated, but the lignin content in the lignocellulosic material (straw) is freed. This causes the composting process to be accelerated, due to the elevated biological activity, caused by the accessible amount of lignin.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a flow sheet demonstrating one example of the method
  • Figs. 2, 3 and 4 illustrate three different embodiments of carrying out the method in different facilities.
  • a flow sheet of how the method may be carried out in an embodiment of the invention is illustrated, where prior to creating the mixture comprising manure and straw the manure is separated into a liquid and a solid fraction.
  • the liquid fraction is disposed of or used for other purposes, and the solid fraction is introduced into the composting process.
  • the separation of the manure is carried out to a degree where the solid fraction comprises 70% water.
  • solid fractions having less than 70 % water (liquid) for example 60 % or less, in that the moisture content may readily be adjusted at different stages during the process.
  • This level of water, e.g. 70 % in the solid fraction may be obtained by use of a commercially available manure separator, for example available by the McLanahan corporation of Pennsylvania, United States of America.
  • the temperature inside the mixture during the composting phase will reach approximately 75-8O 0 C, and during the composting process CO 2 , water and heat will be generated, and water and CO 2 will evaporate from the mixture.
  • the mixture may advantageously be remixed a couple of times in order to improve the compostation of the materials, and such that materials on the outside may be mixed into the inside where a higher process temperature is present.
  • the mixture may for example be 10 tons of dryer fractions of manure mixed with 1 ton of straw, which will provide for a finished product having a substantially moist and loose characteristic which is easy to use and distribute in the places where it is necessary.
  • the reason for remixing the mixture during the compostation process is the fact that the Sulphur when exposed to oxygen converts into sulphates and acid, whereby the pH is lowered, and thereby the smell will also diminish.
  • additives may be introduced into the mixture.
  • the additives introduced at this point may provide special characteristics or additional nutrients.
  • crushed lava may be added. It is well-known that soils containing lava are very fertile, and this may be due to the content of macro nutrients present in the lava. Therefore, by adding crushed lava to the mixture, an addi- tional macro nutrient is introduced.
  • Other materials which may be added for the same or different reasons may be different clay minerals such as for example bentonite, per- lite, vermiculite, smectite, kaolinite, illiteand other comparable minerals.
  • Perlite, ver- miculite and smectite are very light materials which will provide soil improving characteristics, particularly when the mixture containing these materials is introduced into so-called heavy soils, i.e. soils having a high clay content, which otherwise may not have the characteristics of a fertile soil.
  • Gypsum, flyash, microsilica and other comparable minerals may be introduced in order to provide important salts, in particular metal salts, whereas meat or bone flour, sea shells optionally crushed sea shells, fish residues, algae, plankton, sea weed or sea grass, water hyacinths, elephant grass, wil- low and other energy crops may be introduced in order to introduce extra nutrients and important vitamins and proteins to the fertilizer.
  • materials derivable from the sea such as for example sea shells, fish residues, algae, plankton, sea weed or sea grass are high in important proteins that may provide for an extremely fertile soil.
  • the temperature is increased to above 55°C. Typically, the temperature will be maintained at 58°C for approximately ten hours. The ten hours are calculated from the time when the average temperature in the mixture has reached 55 or 58°C depending on the desired pasteurisation temperature.
  • the by-product of this pasteurisation process will be heat and a certain amount of wa- ter evaporating from the mixture.
  • a cooling step may be introduced which at the same time will vent off any residue ammonia present in the mixture which will neutralise any remaining odour generating substances.
  • the heat used for cooling as well as heat generated during the pasteurisation process may be regenerated and recycled for use in a drying step where the finished mixture may be dried to a desired moisture content.
  • the moisture content may be important depending on the storage facility of the finished product as well as the desired finished texture of the mixture in use. After the drying step, the mixture is finished and ready to be used as a fertilizer, enriched soil product or the like.
  • the manure in particular the solid fraction of the manure 10
  • the facility may be a building or anywhere where it is pos- sible to store a rather large amount of manure/mixture for a long period of time shielded from the environment.
  • a composting machine 12 is advanced through the pile of manure 10 in the direction of the arrow 13.
  • the composting machine comprises a shield 14, a mixer 15 as well as wheels 16, where the wheels are adapted to propel the mixing device 12 in any direction.
  • the mixer is, typically, a cylinder arranged for rotation around an axis perpendicular to the travelling direction 13, and where the cylinder is provided with spikes 17 such that the spikes, as the machine advances into the pile of manure 10, will tear the manure apart and thereby introduce air into the manure.
  • straw or other lignocellulosic material to the manure.
  • This material for example in the shape of straw, may be placed on top of the pile of manure 10, or may be introduced during the mixing process, for example by unloading suitable amounts of straw into the shield 14 such that the manure and the straw will be thoroughly mixed together as the composting machine 12 advances through the pile of manure 10.
  • the resulting mixture 20 will have a volume larger than the initial manure pile 10 due to the add mixture of straw and air.
  • the straw and the air will, together with the micro organisms and in particular the bac- teria, create the composting process.
  • Sulphur to the mixture 20
  • the composting machine 12 may advanta- geously be moved through the mixture 20 in order to ventilate the mixture and remix the mixture such that a thorough and even composting may be achieved in the pile.
  • the composting machine 12 may also be provided with a shield on the opposite side of the shield 14 illustrated in fig. 2a and 2b, whereby the second shield (not illustrated) will help to form the pile of mixture 20 such that for further ventilation of the compost as illustrated by the arrow 21 in fig. 2b, the composting machine may treat the entire pile of mixture 20 unhindered.
  • the straw or lignocellulosic material will decompose due to the decomposition of the sugar substances' reaction with the bacteria present in the manure in a sort of fermentation process such that as the mixture 20 is remixed, for example by passing the composting machine 12 through the mixture 20 in the direction indicated by the arrow 21, a finally divided mixture will be the result.
  • the mixture 20 is transferred to the pasteurisation chamber 30, see fig. 2c.
  • the means for transporting the mixture 20 to the interior of the pasteurisation chamber may be any suitable means, but for example a front end loader, travelling conveyor belt or the like may be used.
  • the pasteurisation chamber comprises a closed unit having a double floor construction 31,32. Between the two floors 31,32, air distribution channels 33 are arranged, which are in communication with grating 34 provided in the upper floor 31.
  • this air will be distributed to the gratings 34 and thereby percolate through the mixture 20 placed on the upper floor 31 whereby the temperature inside the pasteurisation chamber 30 may be controlled to the desired temperature range of approximately 55-58°C for ten hours.
  • the temperature of the air introduced into the channels 33 may be lowered in order to cool down the mixture and at the same time dry the mixture to the desired moisture content.
  • the material from the outset comprises only the solid fractions of the manure as well as straw, for example in a mixture of 10 tons of ma- nure to 1 ton of straw, the resulting moisture without drying at this step is normally within the desired range such that the drying step may be avoided.
  • the mixture is removed from the pasteurisation chamber 30 and placed in storage.
  • storage may be carried out by placing the mixture in a storage chamber 40 as illustrated in fig. 2d.
  • the storage chamber 40 is also provided with means for packaging of the mixture into bags.
  • a conveyor 41 is provided inside the storage chamber 40 which is in communication with a further conveyor 42.
  • the conveyor 42 offloads the mixture into a hopper 43 such that the mixture is introduced into a combined packaging and weighing unit 44. From this unit, the mixture is filled into bags 45 and transported for further storage by appropriate means generally designated 46.
  • a tank 50 is provided in which tank both the manure as well as the lignocellulosic material are placed.
  • the mixture 20 is created by either activating mixing means inside the tank 50 or providing mixing means which may be inserted into the mixture 20 such that the manure and the lignocellulosic material may be effectively mixed.
  • Sulphur or Sulphur rich components are added and mixed into the materials such that an optimal distribution of Sulphur in the mixture is obtained.
  • batches of bacteria in particular Thiobacillus thiooxidans bacteria, may be added during the composting stage or the mixing stage.
  • the mixture 20 is transferred to a pasteurising tank 55.
  • the transfer of mixture 20 from the composting tank to the pasteurising tank 56 may be carried out by conveying means in that the mixture 20 after composting will have a very low viscosity with a large content of solids such that it is suitable to be conveyed by traditional conveying means.
  • front loaders or excavators may transfer the mixture 20 from the composting tank 50 to the pasteurising tank 55.
  • the pasteurising tank 55 is equipped with a heating installation 51.
  • the heating installation comprises a water heating mechanism where water is led into the pasteurising tank 55 by means of hoses 52 which are connected to a pipe system 53 installed inside the tank 55.
  • heating lances 54 may also be inserted through the wall of the tank 55 such that heat exchange is possible between the mixture 20 placed inside the tank 55 and the heating lances 54.
  • the heating installation 51 may also be utilised as a heat exchanger in that if the mixture 20 is placed in the tank 55 before the compostation is finished, the mixture will still generate surplus heat from the compostation processes.
  • the mixture By circulating cool water in the pipes 52,53 and possibly inserting the lances 54 into the mixture, it is possible for the mixture to transfer the surplus energy to the liquid circulated in the pipes 52,53,54 and by appropriate means arranged in the heating unit 56 to transfer the heat in a known manner to a secondary pipe system where the excess heat may be used for example for heating the air which is used for drying the mixture in a further process step.
  • the main purpose of the tank 55 is to pasteurise the mixture 20 and this may be done by introducing hot liquid in the pipes 52,53,54 in combination with temperature control means (not illustrated) such that a steady temperature in the range of 55-58°C may be obtained throughout the mixture 20 placed inside the tank 55 in order to achieve the desired pasteurisation process. Typically, this temperature will be maintained for ten hours or more, after which period of time the mixture will be transferred to the cooling and drying installation 60.
  • This installation 60 is approximately equivalent to the installation described with reference to fig. 2c, but may further be equipped with a unit 61 for conditioning of the air used for ventilation.
  • the unit 61 may add fresh air and reuse air from the ventilation tank in order to provide the optimum ventilation air into the air inlets 33 such that the optimal ventilation process may be provided.
  • a mobile unit 100 which unit may be transported to any desired location, for example onto a manure producing farm.
  • manure 10 is stored in tanks 101 on the farm and straw is collected from the fields and stored in huge bales of straw 102. It will, therefore, be of interest to create a mobile unit 100 which may be placed adjacent the raw materials, i.e. the manure 10 and the bales of straw 102.
  • the mobile unit 100 may for example be arranged on a flatbed trailer 103.
  • a mixing chamber is arranged having inlet means 105 as well as ap-litiste mixing means 106 arranged inside the mixing chamber 104.
  • the mobile unit comprises a pasteurisation and drying chamber 107 as well as a power pack installation 108.
  • the manure 10 will be introduced into the hopper 105, for example by appropriate conveyor means, and bales of straw or parts of bales will likewise be introduced into the mixing chamber 104.
  • the mixing means 106 are activated in order to create a substantially uniform mass, and concurrently Sulphur may be added, for example through the inlet hopper in the predetermined amount. Also at this time, an extra batch of bacteria may be introduced into the mixture in order to assure an advanced composting process of the mixture.
  • the composting container 109 may be a standard Euro container placed alongside the manure tank 101.
  • the conveying means may for example be a conveyor structure either built into the mobile unit 100 or provided separately at the farm.
  • the composting container Prior to transfer- ring the mix from the mixing chamber to the composting container 109, the composting container may have been emptied of the previous batch of mixture, which at this time is composted.
  • This mixture has been introduced into the pasteurising/drying chamber 107 on the trailer where these processes will be activated as described below. Therefore, the composting container 109 may now be empty and ready to receive the fresh mix from the mixing chamber 104.
  • the batch of composted mixture introduced into the pasteurising/drying chamber 107 will by means of the heating element 110 be brought to an appropriate temperature, for example as described above in the interval 55-58°C.
  • a ventilator 111 is activated such that air is forced into a space between the bottom 112 of the pasteurising chamber and the trailer bed 103.
  • the air will be forced up through the mixture placed inside the drying chamber 107 whereby the mixture placed in the chamber 107 may obtain the desired moisture content.
  • Moisture may be measured by any known method, and may be automatically regulated and controlled such that both the heating by heating means 110 and the ventilation by the means 111 may be stopped at an appropriate time. After this time, the batch in the pasteurising/drying chamber 107 may be transferred to a storage container 115.
  • the mobile unit 100 should visit the farmer every 5-7 days, i.e. corresponding to the composting period, in order to process more manure and straw.
  • the mobile unit must remain for at least the period of time it takes to carry out the processes described above, which may approximately last twenty hours.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention a pour objet la mise au point d'un procédé de compost biologique pour produire un engrais naturel ou un sol enrichi comprenant l'abaissement du pH de manière naturelle et l'utilisation de fumier ou des résidus d'une installation biogaz comme composant essentiel de l'engrais naturel produit. Le procédé de compost biologique permet l'obtention d'un produit à teneur en ammoniac maintenue, dont les substances malodorantes sont converties et les nutriments vitaux, micronutriments comme, en particulier, macronutriments, sont conservés pour donner un engrais naturel stable et sensiblement inodore.
PCT/DK2006/000708 2005-12-12 2006-12-12 Procede et installation de production d'un engrais naturel Ceased WO2007068248A2 (fr)

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Cited By (17)

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CN101913958A (zh) * 2010-07-15 2010-12-15 吴成祥 一种保水功能肥料长效剂及其制备方法
EP1979297A4 (fr) * 2005-12-21 2011-04-13 Kagree Holdings Ltd Engrais mineraux a traitement biologique contenant des micro-elements.
CN104016810A (zh) * 2014-07-01 2014-09-03 杨晓辉 一种调酸促生长的水稻配方肥料及其制备方法
CN104086302A (zh) * 2014-06-30 2014-10-08 罗云华 一种生物酶肥料
WO2014205589A1 (fr) * 2013-06-27 2014-12-31 Universidad de Concepción Fertilisant utile pour améliorer les sols dégradés et son procédé d'élaboration
CN104446781A (zh) * 2014-11-24 2015-03-25 柳城县田然农产品有限责任公司 一种生物有机肥
CN104447125A (zh) * 2014-12-16 2015-03-25 河北省微生物研究所 高赖氨酸玉米专用肥及其制备方法
FR3012445A1 (fr) * 2013-10-28 2015-05-01 Rawya Lotfy Mansour Composition pour fertiliser une terre agricole, un procede de fabrication de la composition et l'utilisation de ladite composition
DE102015100443A1 (de) * 2015-01-13 2016-07-14 Barver Landmilch Gmbh Holzhackschnitzel-Matratze und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines biologischen Düngers daraus
KR20180043523A (ko) * 2016-10-20 2018-04-30 박재충 어류를 이용한 유기질 비료의 제조방법
WO2018185592A1 (fr) * 2017-04-07 2018-10-11 Ganadera Y Multiplicadora Genética Bio-Ñuble S.A. Reconstituant de sol
CN108675889A (zh) * 2018-08-15 2018-10-19 山东宝力生物质能源股份有限公司 利用纯秸秆发酵固体副产物制备的颗粒有机肥及其制备方法
US10596606B2 (en) * 2016-05-30 2020-03-24 Qingdao Technology University In-situ detoxification method for heavily contaminated site by hexavalent chromium, chromium soil remediation microbial agent and preparation method thereof
CN112050856A (zh) * 2020-09-08 2020-12-08 安徽大学 一种智能监管蓝藻资源化利用的产业生态园模式
CN113430181A (zh) * 2021-08-09 2021-09-24 云南师范大学 一种来源亚洲象肠道宏基因组的细菌漆酶及其基因
CN113430182A (zh) * 2021-08-09 2021-09-24 云南师范大学 一种来源于亚洲象肠道毛螺菌科的细菌漆酶及其基因
WO2024051930A1 (fr) * 2022-09-06 2024-03-14 Michael Niederbacher Installation de compostage et procédé de production de compost

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CN104447072A (zh) * 2014-12-29 2015-03-25 宁波中敬生物科技有限公司 一种富硒植物营养剂

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JPS5948784B2 (ja) * 1981-04-30 1984-11-28 日本ライフ株式会社 肥料製造法
DE4420402C1 (de) * 1994-06-10 1995-10-05 Klaus Prof Dr Grabbe Verfahren zur Konditionierung von Kompost und hierdurch erhältlicher Kompost
BR9803631A (pt) * 1998-05-27 2000-02-22 Lazaro Sebastiao Roberto Processo de preparação de agente biocatalisante; agente biocatalisante assim obtido; processo para preparação de fertilizante ornanomineral a partir de uma ampla série de resìduos orgânicos; fertilizante organomineral obtido; composição fertilizante organomineral; processo de aplicação da ciomposição fertilizante organomineral a saber do fertilizante organomineral na agricultura.
WO2004035508A1 (fr) * 2002-10-21 2004-04-29 Kagree Holdings Compost a base d'engrais mineral

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EP1979297A4 (fr) * 2005-12-21 2011-04-13 Kagree Holdings Ltd Engrais mineraux a traitement biologique contenant des micro-elements.
AU2006328019B2 (en) * 2005-12-21 2013-05-30 Kagree Holdings Limited Bio-processed mineral fertilisers including micro-elements.
CN101913958A (zh) * 2010-07-15 2010-12-15 吴成祥 一种保水功能肥料长效剂及其制备方法
WO2014205589A1 (fr) * 2013-06-27 2014-12-31 Universidad de Concepción Fertilisant utile pour améliorer les sols dégradés et son procédé d'élaboration
FR3012445A1 (fr) * 2013-10-28 2015-05-01 Rawya Lotfy Mansour Composition pour fertiliser une terre agricole, un procede de fabrication de la composition et l'utilisation de ladite composition
AU2014343840B2 (en) * 2013-10-28 2019-07-11 Rawya Lotfy MANSOUR Composition for fertilizing agricultural land, a method for producing the composition and the use of said composition
WO2015063059A1 (fr) * 2013-10-28 2015-05-07 Mansour Rawya Lotfy Composition pour fertiliser une terre agricole, un procédé de fabrication de la composition et l'utilisation de ladite composition
CN104086302A (zh) * 2014-06-30 2014-10-08 罗云华 一种生物酶肥料
CN104016810B (zh) * 2014-07-01 2015-12-02 杨晓辉 一种调酸促生长的水稻配方肥料及其制备方法
CN104016810A (zh) * 2014-07-01 2014-09-03 杨晓辉 一种调酸促生长的水稻配方肥料及其制备方法
CN104446781A (zh) * 2014-11-24 2015-03-25 柳城县田然农产品有限责任公司 一种生物有机肥
CN104447125B (zh) * 2014-12-16 2017-04-05 河北省微生物研究所 高赖氨酸玉米专用肥及其制备方法
CN104447125A (zh) * 2014-12-16 2015-03-25 河北省微生物研究所 高赖氨酸玉米专用肥及其制备方法
DE102015100443A1 (de) * 2015-01-13 2016-07-14 Barver Landmilch Gmbh Holzhackschnitzel-Matratze und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines biologischen Düngers daraus
US10596606B2 (en) * 2016-05-30 2020-03-24 Qingdao Technology University In-situ detoxification method for heavily contaminated site by hexavalent chromium, chromium soil remediation microbial agent and preparation method thereof
KR101857502B1 (ko) * 2016-10-20 2018-06-19 한국수자원공사 어류를 이용한 유기질 비료의 제조방법
KR20180043523A (ko) * 2016-10-20 2018-04-30 박재충 어류를 이용한 유기질 비료의 제조방법
WO2018185592A1 (fr) * 2017-04-07 2018-10-11 Ganadera Y Multiplicadora Genética Bio-Ñuble S.A. Reconstituant de sol
CN108675889A (zh) * 2018-08-15 2018-10-19 山东宝力生物质能源股份有限公司 利用纯秸秆发酵固体副产物制备的颗粒有机肥及其制备方法
CN112050856A (zh) * 2020-09-08 2020-12-08 安徽大学 一种智能监管蓝藻资源化利用的产业生态园模式
CN113430181A (zh) * 2021-08-09 2021-09-24 云南师范大学 一种来源亚洲象肠道宏基因组的细菌漆酶及其基因
CN113430182A (zh) * 2021-08-09 2021-09-24 云南师范大学 一种来源于亚洲象肠道毛螺菌科的细菌漆酶及其基因
WO2024051930A1 (fr) * 2022-09-06 2024-03-14 Michael Niederbacher Installation de compostage et procédé de production de compost

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