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WO2007068173A1 - Carrier for making immobilized enzyme or immobilized cells and method of using the same - Google Patents

Carrier for making immobilized enzyme or immobilized cells and method of using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007068173A1
WO2007068173A1 PCT/CN2006/002512 CN2006002512W WO2007068173A1 WO 2007068173 A1 WO2007068173 A1 WO 2007068173A1 CN 2006002512 W CN2006002512 W CN 2006002512W WO 2007068173 A1 WO2007068173 A1 WO 2007068173A1
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Prior art keywords
carrier
enzyme
immobilized
sponge
cell
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PCT/CN2006/002512
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Caike Jin
Jun Wang
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Bioright Worldwide Co Ltd
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Bioright Worldwide Co Ltd
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Priority to EP06791101.6A priority Critical patent/EP1970443B1/en
Priority to US12/097,671 priority patent/US8486676B2/en
Priority to JP2008544736A priority patent/JP5027152B2/ja
Publication of WO2007068173A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007068173A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N11/00Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
    • C12N11/02Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
    • C12N11/06Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier attached to the carrier via a bridging agent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N11/00Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
    • C12N11/02Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
    • C12N11/08Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a synthetic polymer
    • C12N11/089Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a synthetic polymer obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N11/00Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
    • C12N11/02Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
    • C12N11/08Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a synthetic polymer
    • C12N11/089Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a synthetic polymer obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C12N11/093Polyurethanes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of immobilized enzyme/immobilized cells, and more particularly to immobilized enzyme/immobilized cell technology using synthetic organic materials as carriers. Background technique
  • enzymes or enzyme-containing cells are often used in industrial and other fields in an immobilized form, because immobilized enzymes/immobilized cells are easy to separate from products and can be recycled and reused, and often more than free enzymes. For stability.
  • methods for immobilization of enzymes or cells such as physical adsorption, affinity coupling, covalent crosslinking, flocculation, and the like.
  • Immobilized enzyme/immobilized cells usually evaluate the level of immobilization technique in terms of specific viability (activity per unit weight of immobilized enzyme/immobilized cells).
  • the specific activity is related to the immobilization method and also to the surface area (specific surface area) of the immobilized enzyme/immobilized cells per unit weight. In general, the larger the specific surface area, the higher the specific activity. Therefore, various immobilization methods are aimed at increasing the specific surface area of the enzyme granules.
  • the method of increasing the specific surface area of the particles is generally carried out by using a porous, small-particle carrier to adsorb or bind cells or enzyme molecules using a pre-formed small particle carrier containing pores.
  • a carrier is often only suitable for the immobilization of one or several enzymes, and most of them are not suitable for immobilization of cells, and carriers are mostly expensive and the like.
  • the object of the present invention is to find a suitable immobilization carrier which is suitable for both immobilized enzymes and immobilized cells, which has a large specific surface area and is not easily broken.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to effectively use the vector for immobilized enzyme or expression. Enzyme cells.
  • the present invention uses an open-cell porous organic foam material as a carrier.
  • the interior of the carrier also has open pores, i.e., the pores are not closed, and there are at least two interconnected pores in the interior of the carrier.
  • the formed immobilized product can also have an open-cell three-dimensional lattice structure, and the reaction liquid can flow through the inside of the stationary phase.
  • This aspect significantly increases the specific surface area of the product and, on the one hand, eliminates the difference in reaction rates in the traditional granular products.
  • the immobilized enzymes/cells of the present invention may be formed into arbitrary granules, blocks, sheets and other forms without substantially affecting the structure. Specific surface area.
  • the carrier of the present invention is an open-celled, water-absorbing, organic porous foam material.
  • the opening property of the carrier facilitates the entry of the enzyme solution into the carrier during immobilization, facilitating the substrate to sufficiently and efficiently react with the enzyme molecules on the carrier during the enzyme reaction, and facilitating the mass transfer of the product after the enzyme reaction.
  • the water absorbing property of the carrier of the present invention allows the hydrophilic component such as the enzyme protein or the cell to be uniformly distributed, well adhered and fixed to the porous surface of the carrier. The greater the water absorption of the porous material, the greater the rate of natural wetting of the water it exhibits. The inventors have found that the speed at which an organic porous material naturally wets in water is related to its suitability as an immobilization carrier; the natural wetting rate of water is higher than
  • a material of 0.2 mm/s, preferably higher than 0.4 mm/s, is suitable as an immobilization carrier, and a material having a natural moisture wetting rate of less than 0.2 mm/s is not suitable as an immobilization carrier.
  • Most common synthetic materials e.g., various polyurethane sponges
  • Preferred carriers of the present invention include PVA sponges, wood pulp sponges, melamine sponges and the like.
  • the present invention also provides a preparation method for immobilized enzyme or immobilized cells, which comprises the following steps:
  • the present invention has many advantages.
  • Second, the method of the present invention has broad applicability in the field of applied enzymology, and is theoretically applicable to the immobilization of almost all types of enzymes and cells.
  • the carrier used in the present invention is a general-purpose inert material, which is inexpensive, thereby reducing manufacturing costs.
  • the present invention The carrier is flexible and is not easily broken even under vigorous agitation.
  • the present invention can prepare large-volume overall products of various shapes and sizes as needed without changing the specific surface area, and is particularly suitable for large-scale industrial production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • Figure 1 shows the preparation of a reel-shaped immobilized cell column.
  • a is the inner core
  • b is the fixed cell cylinder
  • c is the rubber belt
  • d is the interface device
  • e is the silicone tube
  • f is the polyurethane insulation material.
  • the carrier of the present invention is an open-celled porous organic foam material having a natural wetting rate of water of at least 0.2 mm/s.
  • the natural wetting rate was determined as follows - the dried organic porous material to be tested was cut into cubes having a side length of 5 cm, gently placed on a steamed water surface having a water depth of 20 cm and immediately started to be timed. This test is completed when the entire test material is completely wetted or 10 minutes after the start of the test. Under this condition, the ratio of the height (mm) of the wetted portion of the organic porous material (including the portion submerged in water) perpendicular to the water surface to the time it takes to wet (second) is defined as the water nature of the material. Wetting rate.
  • porous organic foam materials which may have a hydrophilic group such as a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a cyano group or the like on the main chain or branch of the polymer are suitable carriers.
  • a hydrophilic group such as a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a cyano group or the like on the main chain or branch of the polymer
  • Carriers made of these materials can be in various shapes such as granules, strips, sheets, columns or blocks.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides a method of immobilizing an enzyme or cell on a vector of the invention.
  • the vector of the present invention may be previously cut into flakes or granules, and the enzyme solution or cell suspension is formulated to an appropriate concentration with water or a buffer.
  • a specific embodiment of the immobilization method of the present invention can be carried out as follows: a) adding an enzyme solution or a cell suspension to a carrier, squeezing the carrier to uniformly distribute the liquid in the carrier and removing the unadsorbed liquid in the carrier; Applying an appropriate amount of protein flocculant solution to the carrier in which the enzyme solution is adsorbed, and extruding the enzyme or cell flocculation on the pore wall of the carrier several times to squeeze out the unadsorbed liquid; c) The solution solution is added to the carrier to crosslink the fixed floc protein or cells. The crosslinker solution is then removed by extrusion; d) Steps a through c are repeated as needed to increase the loading of the enzyme or cells on the carrier.
  • Another alternative embodiment of the immobilization method of the present invention is as follows: a') preparing a hydroformylase or cell fluid by adding an amount of a polyvalent aldehyde compound used as a crosslinking agent to the enzyme or cell fluid to be immobilized; b' Adding the above-mentioned hydroformylase or cell liquid to the cut carrier, extruding the carrier to distribute the liquid therein; C) adding a certain amount of protein flocculant to the carrier, repeatedly mixing the carrier, and then extruding the carrier The liquid in the d') repeats steps a' to c' several times as needed to increase the loading of the enzyme or cells on the carrier. Finally, the carrier was washed several times with water and dried.
  • the extrusion of the carrier can be carried out manually or by special equipment or machine; the pH of the buffer should take into account the optimal activity of the enzyme and ensure the enzyme protein and flocculant
  • the surface charge of the molecule is opposite; in general, the concentration of the enzyme protein used is 0.3-30% (w/v) or the cell concentration is 1-50% (V/V), and the concentration of the flocculant is 0.01%-30% ( V/V), the concentration of the cross-linking agent is 0.01%-30% (V/V).
  • the flocculating agent is generally a cationic macromolecule such as chitosan, polyethyleneimine (PEI), carboxymethylpolyethyleneimine (CMPEI), etc.;
  • the crosslinking agent is generally a polyvalent aldehyde compound (such as glutaraldehyde, dialdehyde). Starch, dialdehyde dextran, etc.).
  • Different flocculants or crosslinkers may be used singly or in combination.
  • non-enzymatic proteins such as serum albumin, egg list white, whey protein, cheese protein, etc. may be added to the enzyme solution.
  • additional components may be added during the immobilization of the enzyme or cells or steps may be added to improve product performance such as activity, stability, permeability, specificity and appearance characteristics.
  • the granulated immobilized enzyme/immobilized cells prepared by the invention can be used for a suspension stirring reaction or a packed reaction column; the sheet product prepared by the invention can be wound into a cylindrical reel structure to directly constitute a reaction column.
  • the product of this reel structure can be stacked in the biochemical reactor as a module, or it can be directly wrapped or combined with each other to form a column with adjustable diameter and length for industrial production.
  • the sheet-like product prepared by the present invention causes the porous material to be properly compressed during the winding process by the tension generated by the winding action itself and the continuous applied pressing force.
  • this winding process is both a process of forming a cylindrical structure and a process of compressing a porous material.
  • the tightness of the reel structure can be changed by changing the acting pressure of the reel; the diameter of the reel structure can be controlled by changing the number of windings or the thickness of the winding material; The height of the winding material can be controlled by changing the width of the winding material or by directly cutting the reel structure.
  • the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical reel structure of the present invention can be sealed with a suitable wrapping material to prevent loosening of the winding structure.
  • the wrapping material should have the characteristics of water swelling, such as dry PVA sponge and wood pulp sponge, in order to fill the reaction bed.
  • Cylindrical reel structures that are spliced separately or in combination with each other to form a solid column application without a column sleeve should be waterproof and insulative, such as polyurethane foam plastics, to reduce energy consumption.
  • the cylindrical reel structure shrinks during volumetric application and the volume becomes smaller, it is required that the wrapping material as the wall of the bed has a continuous shrink-holding function, such as rubber or rubber-containing material, so that the column is not The wall gap is gradually formed during the operation.
  • the ends of the cylinder should be equipped with interface means for connecting the cylinder and the piping.
  • the interface device can have a liquid filtering function and can efficiently input and output liquid to the cylinder.
  • the dried organic porous material was cut into cubes with a side length of 5 cm, gently placed on a 20 cm deep distilled water surface and immediately started timing. The test ends after 10 minutes or the entire test material is completely wetted. Under this condition, the ratio of the height (mm) of the wetted portion of the organic porous material (including the portion submerged in water) perpendicular to the water surface to the time it takes to wet (second) is defined as the water nature of the material. Wetting rate.
  • This example tested a large number of organic porous materials, some of which are listed in Table 1 below.
  • PCR was carried out using the above primers to obtain a 755 bp product.
  • the PCR conditions were: 50 ng pGEMT-Easy (Promega), 0.4 ⁇ RBS-Ndel, 0.4 ⁇ RBS- AlwNI, 50 ⁇ dATP, 50 ⁇ dTTP, 50 ⁇ dCTP, 50 ⁇ dGTP, 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.8) , 10 mM KC1, 10 mM (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , 2 mM MgSO 4 , 0.1% Triton X-100, 2.5 U Pfu DNA polymerase (Promega), the reaction volume was adjusted to 50 ⁇ with sterile water.
  • the PCR amplification reaction procedure was: 94. C, 5 minutes; 94 ° C, 1 minute, 50 ° C, 1 minute, 72 ° C, 4 minutes, cycle 35 times; 72 ° C, 10 minutes.
  • the PCR product (755 bp) contains a Ndel restriction site and a ribosome binding site at the 5' end and an AlwNI restriction site at the 3' end. After purification by 0.8% agarose electrophoresis, Ndel and AlwNI were digested, and ligated with pRSETA (Invitrogen) digested with Ndel and AlwNI to obtain pRSET-lac.
  • pRSETA Invitrogen
  • pRSET-lac and pRSET-kan (Chinese Patent Application Publication No.: CN1680558A) were digested with AlwNI and EcoRI, and each DNA fragment was purified by 0.8% agarose electrophoresis and ligated to obtain pRSET-lac-kan.
  • 217GF 5'ACATGGCTGGCGACTATGCAAAGGAAATCG 3'
  • T2 5'ATAAGCTCAGCGGCGCGCCTTATTCTGCAAACAAATAC 3 '
  • pRSET-lac-MGI4-35-kan was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS.
  • the cells were inoculated to 70 L of LB liquid medium (containing 50 mg/L kanamycin) at a ratio of 1%, and the Escherichia coli containing the glucose isomerase mutant MGI4-35 was cultured for 37 hours at 37 C.
  • the wet cells were centrifuged to obtain 670 g, and suspended in pure water having a double bacterial weight.
  • the dried PVA sponge (purchased from Ninghai County Good Helper Daily Necessities Co., Ltd.) was cut into pellets of about 15 mm 3 , and 6 g of PVA sponge pellets were placed in a nylon gauze bag, and the mesh bag was placed in a plastic bag, and the bacterial solution was added. 40ml in sponge granules, repeated extrusion and mixing for at least 3 minutes to distribute the bacterial liquid evenly on the granules; add 0.5% (w/v) pH 7.0 PEI (purchased from Sigma Chemicals, St.
  • the specific activity of the immobilized cells prepared in the examples Specifically, accurately weigh 0.5-2 mg of the glucose-isomerase-immobilized E. coli cell pellet prepared by the above method, and add 36% (w/v) glucose solution (containing 0.25 mM cobalt chloride, 5 mM magnesium chloride, 20 mM phosphoric acid). Salt, pH 6.5) lml, shake at 75 ° C for 10 minutes, stop the reaction in an ice bath. The amount of enzyme required to catalyze the conversion of 1 micromole of glucose to fructose per minute under these conditions is defined as a unit of glucose isomerase activity.
  • the specific activity of the immobilized cells prepared in Example 2 was 2,540 U/go.
  • Example 3 Preparation of pellets of immobilized E. coli cells expressing glucose isomerase 2 40 ml of the bacterial solution was prepared as in Example 2, and 6 ml of a 0.25 mM cobalt chloride solution was added thereto, followed by mixing. Wash the wood pulp sponge (Hong Kong 3M Company), remove the surfactant that may be contained, cut the sponge into pellets of about 15 mm 3 , dry and take 4 g of sponge pellets in a nylon gauze bag, and then place the mesh bag in a plastic bag.
  • Wash the wood pulp sponge Hong Kong 3M Company
  • Example 2 The method for measuring the activity of glucose isomerase is referred to in Example 2.
  • the specific activity of the immobilized cells prepared in Example 3 was 4,442 U/g.
  • Example 4 Preparation of glucose-isomerase-immobilized E. coli cell pellets 3
  • a bacterial solution was prepared as in Example 2.
  • the open-cell melamine sponge comes from Zhuhai Tianhong Special Sponge Factory with an open cell ratio of >95%.
  • the melamine sponge was cut into particles of about 15 mm 3 , and after drying, 2.67 g of sponge particles were placed in a nylon gauze bag, and the mesh bag was placed in a plastic bag, and 80 ml of the bacterial solution was repeatedly mixed in the sponge particles for at least 3 minutes to make the bacterial liquid.
  • Example 2 The method for measuring the activity of glucose isomerase is referred to in Example 2.
  • the specific activity of the immobilized cells prepared in Example 4 was 5,544 U/g.
  • Example 5 Preparation of glucose-isomerase-immobilized E. coli cell pellets 4 Bacterial cells were prepared as in Example 2, and the cells were suspended in 5 times the weight of the cells in pure water. The melamine sponge was cut into particles of about 15 mm 3 , and 10 g of sponge particles were placed in a nylon gauze bag, and the following procedure was carried out: a) The sponge particles were immersed in 1000 ml of the bacterial liquid for at least 3 minutes, and then taken out, and the sponge was removed.
  • Adsorbed liquid Adsorbed liquid; b) Add 0.1% PEI solution (pH 7.0) 100ml, repeatedly squeeze and mix for at least 3 minutes, squeeze to remove the unadsorbed liquid; c) Add 0.1% glutaraldehyde solution 100ml, repeatedly squeeze Pressing and mixing, after standing for 3 minutes, extruding to remove the unadsorbed liquid; d) repeating the steps & to 0 5 times, then washing and washing 3 times with water, extruding the unadsorbed liquid, and drying the flowing air 5 At -10 hours, 56 g of glucose-isomerase-immobilized E. coli cell pellets were expressed.
  • Example 2 The method for measuring the activity of glucose isomerase is referred to in Example 2.
  • the specific activity of the immobilized cells prepared in Example 5 was 6,150 U/g.
  • Pseudomonas sp. SE83 DNA was carried out using the above primers to obtain a l,676 bp product.
  • the PCR conditions were: 50 ng Pseudomonas SE83 DNA, 0.4 ⁇ Ndel-ACY, 0.4 ⁇ Bglll-ACY, 50 ⁇ dATP, 50 ⁇ dTTP, 50 ⁇ dCTP, 50 ⁇ dGTP, 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.8) , 10 mM KC1, 10 mM (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , 2 mM MgSO 4 , 0.1% Triton X-100, 2.5 U Pfu DNA polymerase (Promega), adjusted to a volume of 50 L with sterile water.
  • the PCR amplification reaction procedure was: 95 ° C, 5 minutes; 94 ° C, 1 minute, 50 ° C, 1 minute, 72 ° C, 3 minutes, 35 cycles; 72 ° C, 10 minutes.
  • the PCR product (1,676 bp) Ndel and Bglll cleavage sites are contained at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively.
  • the PCR product was purified by 0.8% agarose electrophoresis, digested with Ndel and Bglll, and ligated with pRSET-kan digested with Ndel and Bglll to obtain pT7-kan-ACY.
  • the specific sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing.
  • pT7-kan-ACY was transformed into competent E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysS (Novagen) to obtain strain BL-T7K-ACY.
  • the cells were cultured in 20 L LB liquid medium containing kanamycin (50 mg/L) at 37 °C for 24 hours, and the cells were collected by centrifugation to obtain 235 g of wet cells, and the cells were suspended in 5 times. The weight of pure water.
  • the melamine sponge was cut into particles of about 15 mm 3 , and 10 g of sponge particles were placed in a nylon gauze bag, and the following procedure was carried out: a) The sponge particles were immersed in 1000 ml of the bacterial liquid for at least 3 minutes, and then taken out, and the sponge was removed.
  • Adsorbed liquid b) Add 0.1% PEI solution (pH 7.0) 100ml, repeatedly squeeze and mix for at least 3 minutes, squeeze out the unadsorbed liquid; c) Add 0.1% glutaraldehyde solution 100ml, repeated After squeezing and mixing, after standing for 5 minutes, the unadsorbed liquid is removed by extrusion; 5 repeated steps & to (;, after washing with water, after removing the unadsorbed liquid by extrusion, the flowing air is dried 5 At -10 hours, 50 g of GL-7-ACA acylase-immobilized E. coli cell pellets were expressed.
  • the specific activity of the immobilized GL-7-ACA acylase E. coli cells was determined by the method described in Binder, R. et al, (1994, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60, 1805-1809). Specifically, 18 g of the prepared immobilized GL-7-ACA acylase cell pellet was suspended in 600 ml of a 75 mM glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid solution (containing 25 mM sodium phosphate, pH 8.0). For the preparation of acyl-7-aminocephalomycin, see Shibuya, Y. et al., (1981, Agric. Biol. Chem.
  • HPLC conditions were as follows: HPLC column: DiamonsilTM C18, 250 x 4.6 mm ( Dima Company, Beijing); Column temperature: 30 ° C; Flow rate: lmL per minute; Detection: 260 nm.
  • One unit of glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase activity is defined as one per minute in the above conditions.
  • the specific activity of the immobilized cells prepared in Example 6 was 140.8 U/g in the initial 10 minutes.
  • SAM-F is 5, AGCCTAGGTTAATTAACTTTAAGAAGGAGATATACA
  • SAM-R is 5, ATAAGCTCAGCGGCGCGCCTTAGAATGTAGTTACTT TTCCTTCA 3,.
  • the S-adenosylmethionine synthetase gene was amplified from Methanococcus jannaschii JAL-1 ATCC 43067 (purchased from ATCC, USA) using primer pairs SAM-F and SAM-R.
  • the amplification conditions were: 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.8), 10 mM KCl, 10 mM (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , 0.1% Triton X-100, 50 uM dATP, 50 uM dTTP, 50 uM dCTP, 50 uM dGTP, 400 nM SAM-F 400 uM SAM-R, 4.5 U Taq DNA polymerase (purchased from Promega, USA), and the reaction volume was adjusted to 50 ⁇ l with sterile water.
  • the PCR amplification reaction procedure was: 95 ° C for 3 minutes, 40 cycles (95 ° C for 50 seconds, 50 ° C for 30 seconds, and 72 ° C for 1 minute.
  • the amplified product (about 1.3 KB in length) was cloned into the vector pRSET-lac-kan, and the ligation product was transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysS and plated overnight in LB (containing 50 mg/L kanamycin). A single clone is produced.
  • Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)pLysS 40 expressing M. jannaschii S-adenosylmethionine synthetase was cultured at a concentration of 1% in 50 L of LB liquid medium (containing 50 mg/L kanamycin) at 37 °C. After the hour, 480 g of the wet cells were centrifuged, and the cells were suspended in pure water having a cell weight of 5 times.
  • the melamine sponge was cut into particles of about 15 mm 3 , and 10 g of sponge particles were placed in a nylon gauze bag. The following operations were carried out in the following order: a) The sponge particles were immersed in 1000 ml of the bacterial liquid for 3 minutes, and then taken out, and the sponge was removed to be adsorbed.
  • the enzyme activity was determined by the method described by George D. Markham et al, (1980, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 255, 9082-9092). Specifically, at 500 ⁇ Into the solution (2 mM ATP, 8 mM L-methionine, 20 mM MgCl 2 , 100 mM KC1, 100 mM Tris-Cl pH 8.3), 15 mg of the immobilized cells were added, and the reaction was shaken at 58 ° C for 20 minutes. The reaction was stopped by adding 300 ⁇ M of 10% trichloroacetic acid, and the precipitate was removed by centrifugation, and the supernatant was collected for HPLC determination of the SAM content therein. HPLC determination with reference to US Patent No.
  • BL-HS-GHA E. coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS] containing recombinant D-amino acid oxidase GHA was prepared as follows.
  • PCR primers were designed based on the known Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum glucose isomerase DNA sequence (GenBank L09699), specifically:
  • saccharolyticum DNA 0.4 ⁇ GI-Ndel, 0.4 ⁇ GI-EcoRI, 50 ⁇ dATP, 50 ⁇ dTTP, 50 ⁇ dCTP, 50 ⁇ dGTP, 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.8), 10 mM KCl, 10 mM (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 , 2 mM MgSO 4 , 0.1% Triton X-100, 2.5 U Platinum Taq High Fidelity DNA Polymerase (Invitrogen), adjust the reaction volume to 5 () L with sterile water .
  • the PCR amplification reaction procedure was: 95 ° C, 5 minutes; 94 ° C, 1 minute, 50 ° C, 1 minute, 72 ° C, 3 minutes, 35 cycles; 72 ° C, 10 minutes.
  • the PCR product was purified by 0.8% agarose electrophoresis, and ligated with pGEMT-Easy (Promega) by TA cloning method to obtain pGEMT-Easy-GI.
  • pGEMT-Easy-GI was digested with Ndel and EcoRI, purified by 0.8% agarose electrophoresis, and ligated with pRSET-lac-kan digested with Ndel and EcoRI. Get pRSET-lac-GI-kan.
  • the PCR conditions were: 20 ng each primer, 50 ⁇ dATP, 50 ⁇ dTTP, 50 ⁇ dCTP, 50 ⁇ dGTP, 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.8), 10 mM KCl, 10 mM (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , 2 mM MgSO 4 , 0.1% Triton X-100, 2.5 U Pfu DNA polymerase (Promega), adjust the reaction volume to 50 ⁇ with sterile water.
  • the PCR amplification reaction procedure was: 95 ° C, 4 minutes; 94 ° C, 1.5 minutes, 50 ° C, 1.5 minutes, 72. C, 5 minutes, cycle 30 times; 72 °C, 10 minutes.
  • the PCR amplification reaction mixture 5 was used as a template, and primers 1 and 10 were further PCR-amplified according to the above conditions to obtain a PCR product having a length of 580 bp, and containing Ascl and EcoRI cleavage sites at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively.
  • the PCR product was purified by 0.8% agarose electrophoresis, digested with Ascl and EcoRI, and ligated with pRSET-lac-GI-kan digested with Ascl and EcoRI to obtain pRSET-lac-GI-hok/sok-kan.
  • the plasmid pRSET-kan-DAOGHA (Chinese Patent Application Publication No.: CN1680558A) was digested with Ndel and Bglll to obtain a l,074 bp gene fragment containing the D-amino acid oxidase mutant GHA gene, which was purified by 0.8% agarose electrophoresis. , and a long fragment obtained by pRSET-lac-GI-hok/sok-kan digested with Ndel and Bglll to obtain pHS-GHA (see sequence 3 in the sequence listing).
  • the pHS-GHA was transformed into competent E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysS (Novagen), and the strain BL-HS-GHA was obtained.
  • Single colony E. coli BL-HS-GHA was picked from kanamycin (50 g/mL) LB agar plates and inoculated into 2 x 5 mL of liquid LB medium containing kanamycin (50 g/mL) at 37 Incubate for 8 hours at °C (shake speed is 250 rpm), then inoculate 2x50 mL seed medium containing kanamycin (100 g/mL) and chloramphenicol (40 g/mL) at 30 °C Incubate for 16 hours (shake speed is 400 rpm).
  • the above precipitate was redissolved in 600 mL of distilled water, stirred and centrifuged (5,000 g, 8 minutes), and the supernatant was corn paddle 2.
  • the weights of the ingredients in the 50 mL seed medium are as follows:
  • the weight of each component in the 2L fermentation medium is as follows:
  • the ingredients were dissolved in 1.9 L of distilled water, adjusted to pH 7.15 with IO N sodium hydroxide, and sterilized at 2 L fermenter (BIOENGINEERING, Benchtop Fermentor, KLF2000).
  • the sterilized glucose and magnesium sulfate were placed in a 2 L fermentor before fermentation.
  • the bacteria were separated by centrifugation at 4,000 ° C (5,000 g, 8 minutes), the supernatant was discarded, and 198 g of precipitate was obtained, and the pellet was resuspended in 600 mL of sodium phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 7.5).
  • the bacteria were lysed by bead milling, and the bacterial resuspension was sent to a bead mill (DYNO-MILL TYP KDL, 0.2 mm diameter glass beads, WA Bachofen) at a rate of 50 mL per minute, and finally 800 mL of sodium phosphate buffer ( 50 mM, pH 7.5) rinse out the bacterial residue.
  • D-amino acid oxidase GHA The bacterial lysate was immersed in a 55 ° C water bath for 30 minutes, centrifuged at high speed (10,000 g, 30 minutes), and the supernatant was taken as a crude pure recombinant D-amino acid oxidase GHA. Purification of D-amino acid oxidase is basically according to Alonso, J., Barredo, JL, Diez, B., Mellado, E., Salto, F., Garcia, JL, Cortes, E. (1998, Microbiology 144: 1095-1101 ) stated.
  • DEAE-cellulose ion exchange resin (Sigma, D-0909) was prepared according to the preparation method described by the manufacturer. 0.5 mL of DEAE-cellulose ion exchange resin was mixed per 1 mL of crude pure enzyme, stirred at 4 ° C for 5 hours (100 rpm), and the enzyme solution was filtered off using a filter (Buchner filter funnel, 120 mm PI).
  • the precipitate was dissolved in 20 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 7.5), and the remaining ammonium sulfate was removed by ultrafiltration using a Millipore YM30 filter, and the enzyme solution was concentrated to 25 mg/ml.
  • the purity of the protein was determined by SDS-PAGE. Take 25 ml of D-amino acid oxidase solution of 25 mg/ml of enzyme solution, add 3.75 g of bovine serum albumin (ovalbumin), add 112.5 ml of water, and mix well to dilute the enzyme solution.
  • D-amino acid oxidase The activity of D-amino acid oxidase is determined by Isogai, T., Ono, H., Ishitani, Y., Kojo, H., Ueda, Y., Kohsaka, M. (1990, J Biochem [Tokyo]. 108 , 1063-1069), the specific steps are slightly changed. Specifically, 5 g of the immobilized E. coli particles expressing D-amino acid oxidase were suspended in a 75 mM cephalosporin C sodium salt aqueous solution, and oxygen was shaken at 22 ° C for 60 minutes.
  • One unit of enzyme activity is defined as the amount of enzyme that converts one micromole of cephalosporin C to glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid per minute under the above conditions.
  • the immobilized enzyme prepared in Example 8 was found to have an enzyme specific activity of 156 U/g in the initial 15 minutes.
  • Example 9 Preparation of glucose-isomerase-immobilized E. coli cell pellets
  • Bacterial cells were prepared as in Example 2, and the cells were suspended in 5 volumes of pure water.
  • the melamine sponge was cut into 0.5 x 10 x 120 cm strips (4.8 g). The following operations are carried out in sequence: a) Dip the sponge strip into the cell suspension, squeeze the sponge to evenly distribute the bacterial liquid in the sponge, and remove the unadsorbed bacterial liquid on the sponge by pressing the sponge to adjust the two extrusions.
  • the gap of the final shaft is about 200g of the bacterial liquid adhered to the sponge;
  • step a Each time step a is repeated, adjust the gap between the two pairs of rollers so that the amount of bacteria liquid carried by the sponge is about 100g, and then wash it once with water, and remove it by extrusion. After the adsorbed liquid, The air was dried for 5-10 hours to obtain 24 g of a glucose-isomerase-immobilized E. coli cell sheet. A small amount of the sample was prepared from the prepared glucose-isomerase-immobilized E. coli cell sheet, and the activity was measured by the method of Example 2, and the specific activity of the enzyme was determined to be 6,608 U/g.
  • a portion (3.5 g) of the immobilized cell sheet prepared in Example 9 was wound into a cylindrical body core (Fig. 1, a) into a cylinder having a diameter of 1.8 cm and a height of 9.6 cm (Fig. 1, b). Both ends of the sponge strip are cut into bevels before winding, so that the ends of the winding do not form a gap with the inner core or the outer wall.
  • the cylinder is wound with a rubber band approximately 4 cm wide (Fig. 1 , c).
  • Two interface devices (Fig. 1, d) are wound around the ends of the cylinder by rubber bands. The ends are coated with a sealing glass glue. After attaching the silicone tube (Fig. 1 , e), the entire column is sealed with polyurethane insulation (Fig. 1, f).
  • the product of the cylindrical reel structure prepared according to the present invention is particularly simple and efficient in loading and unloading the granule-like immobilized enzyme when it is used for filling the column, and this advantage is particularly prominent in mass production.
  • the columnless sleeve application of the reel structure is also obvious for saving fixed cost investment.
  • the reaction columns independently constituted by the reel structure can be arbitrarily connected in parallel or in series, or the length and number of the reaction columns which are joined by the reel structure can be arbitrarily adjusted, so that the production scale can be easily expanded or reduced as needed.
  • the enzyme molecules in the column will gradually lose their vitality. The enzyme molecule that is closer to the inlet end of the substrate will be inactivated faster.
  • the present invention makes it easy to replace a reaction column with a deactivated severe end with a new highly active reaction column. This effectively adjusts the life and productivity of the entire column. This is not possible with existing granular immobilized enzyme products.
  • the bacterial cells were prepared as in Example 2, and the cells were suspended in 3 volumes of pure water, and the cells were disrupted by a high-pressure homogenizer (Niro Soavi SPA, Type SlOOlL 2K). The mixture was heat-treated at 80 ° C for 5 minutes, centrifuged, and the supernatant was concentrated by ultrafiltration through a 10,000 molecular weight ultrafiltration membrane to a protein concentration of 15 mg/ml to obtain a crude glucose isomerase solution.
  • a high-pressure homogenizer Niro Soavi SPA, Type SlOOlL 2K
  • the melamine sponge was cut into strips of 0.5 x 50 x 125 cm (3.25 g).
  • the following operations are carried out in the following order: a) Add 130 ml of the above-mentioned hydroformylated glucose isomerase solution to the sponge strip, squeeze the sponge strip to distribute the liquid in the sponge; b) Add 130 ml of 0.25% PEI solution to the sponge strip, repeat Mixing the extruded sponge, uniformly dispersing the enzyme solution and PEI, and fully reacting, and extruding the extruded liquid into the sponge to completely clarify, then extruding and removing the liquid in the sponge; c) repeating steps a) to b) After 4 times, the mixture was washed twice with water and squeezed to remove the unadsorbed liquid. After flowing air for 5-10 hours, the glucose isomerase mesh strip was 21.6 g and the specific activity was 6,330 U/g.
  • the method for measuring the viability of glucose isomerase is as described in the method mentioned in

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Description

用于制备固定化酶或固定化细胞的载体以及使用该载体的固定化 方法 技术领域
本发明涉及涉及固定化酶 /固定化细胞技术领域, 特别是采用合成 有机材料作为载体的固定化酶 /固定化细胞技术。 背景技术
随着生物技术的发展,酶或含酶的细胞常常以固定化的形态应用于 工业和其它领域, 因为固定化酶 /固定化细胞易于与产品分离并可回收 重复使用, 也往往比游离酶更为稳定。 酶或细胞的固定化方法很多, 如 物理吸附、 亲和联结、 共价交联、 凝絮包埋等等。
固定化酶 /固定化细胞通常以比活力 (单位重量的固定化酶 /固定化 细胞的活性)的高低来评估固定化技术的水平。 比活力的高低与固定化 方法有关, 也与单位重量的固定化酶 /固定化细胞的表面积 (比表面积) 有关。 一般而言比表面积越大, 比活性也就越高。 因此, 各种固定化方 法都致力于提高酶颗粒的比表面积。 目前, 提高颗粒比表面积的方法一 般是采用多孔、 小颗粒的载体, 用预制的含毛细孔的小颗粒载体来吸附 或结合细胞或酶分子。
然而, 现有技术在提高固定化酶 /固定化细胞的比表面积方面存在 很大的局限。现有的有机或无机载体因为多用硬质材料做成, 其多孔性 一般只体现在颗粒表面,因为如果内部孔隙过多则载体脆而易裂。因此, 比表面积大且不易破碎的固定化载体一直是本领域科学家努力的目标。 发明内容
针对现有技术中各种载体的比表面积不足够大,一种载体往往只适 用于某种或某几种酶的固定, 且大多不适用于细胞的固定化, 并且载体 大多价格昂贵等问题,本发明的目的是找到一种比表面积大且不易破碎 的既适用于固定化酶又适用于固定化细胞的合适的固定化载体。本发明 还要解决的技术问题是如何有效地将所述的载体用于固定化酶或表达 酶的细胞。
为了提高固定化酶 /固定化细胞的比活力, 本发明以开孔的多孔有 机泡沬材料为载体。该载体的内部也具有开放的孔, 即所述的孔不是封 闭的, 在该载体的内部具有至少两个互为连通的孔。利用这样的载体可 以使所形成的固定化产品也具有开孔的三维网格结构,反应液可以贯穿 流动在固定相的内部。 这一方面显著提高了产品的比表面积,一方面也 消除了传统粒状产品表里反应速率之差异。 同时, 与现有的颗粒状或片 状的产品不同, 本发明所述的固定化酶 /细胞可视需要制成大小任意的 颗粒、 块状、 片状及其它形态的结构而基本不影响其比表面积。
本发明所述的载体为开孔的吸水性的有机多孔泡沬材料。载体的开 孔特性便于固定化时酶液进入载体内部,便于酶反应时底物充分有效地 与载体上的酶分子接触反应, 以及便于酶反应后产物的传质。本发明载 体的吸水特性使得酶蛋白或细胞等亲水性组分可以均匀地分布、良好地 附着并固定于载体的多孔表面。 多孔材料的吸水性越强, 其表现出来的 水自然湿润速率就越大。本发明人发现有机多孔材料在水中自然湿润的 快慢与其是否适用于作为固定化载体有相关性; 水自然湿润速率高于
0.2mm/s、 优选高于 0.4 mm/s的材料适用于作为固定化载体, 水自然湿 润速率低于 0.2 mm/s的材料则不适用于作为固定化载体。 大部分常见 的合成材料(如各种聚氨酯海绵) 的水自然湿润速率低, 本发明优选的 载体包括 PVA海绵、 木浆海绵、 三聚氰胺海绵等。
本发明还提供一种用于固定化酶或固定化细胞的制备方法,其包括 如下步骤:
( i ) 釆用开孔的多孔有机泡沬材料作为固定载体; 和
( ii ) 利用凝絮交联技术将所述酶或细胞固定在所述的载体上。 与现有技术比较, 本发明具备诸多优势。 其一, 采用开孔的多孔有 机泡沬材料作为固定酶或细胞的载体,可大幅度地提高固定化酶和固定 化细胞的比表面积, 从而显著提高固定化酶 /固定化细胞的比活力。 其 二, 本发明所涉及的方法在应用酶学领域具有广泛的适用性, 理论上适 用于几乎所有类型的酶和细胞的固定化。其三, 本发明所使用的载体为 通用惰性材料, 价格低廉, 因而降低了制造成本。 其四, 本发明所述的 载体柔韧, 即使在剧烈搅拌下也不易破碎。 其五, 本发明可以在不改变 比表面积的同时根据需要制备各种外形、尺寸的大体积整体产品, 尤其 适合于大工业生产。 附图的简要说明
图 1显示的是卷轴状固定化细胞柱体的制备过程。图中 a为内芯, b 为固定化细胞圆柱, c为橡胶带, d为接口装置, e为硅胶管, f为聚氨酯保 温材料。 具体实施方式
如上文所述, 本发明的载体是一种开孔的多孔有机泡沬材料, 该载 体具有至少为 0.2mm/s的水自然湿润速率。该自然湿润速率是如下测定 的- 将待测的干燥的有机多孔材料切割成边长为 5cm 的立方体, 轻轻 置于水深为 20cm的蒸熘水面并立即开始计时。 该测试在整块受试材料 完全被湿润或在测试开始后 10分钟时结束。 在此条件下, 有机多孔材 料被润湿的部分 (包括沈入水中的部分)垂直于水面的高度 (毫米) 与 其被润湿所花费的时间(秒)的比值被定义为该材料的水自然湿润速率。
本发明人认为,可能在聚合物的主链或支链上具有亲水性基团例如 羟基、 氨基、 氰基等的那些多孔有机泡沬材料是比较合适的载体。 在目 前市场上可购得的一些开孔的多孔有机泡沬材料中,经测定聚乙烯醇海 绵、木浆海绵和三聚氰胺海绵是较为合适的载体材料。这些材料制成的 载体可以各种形状, 例如颗粒状、 条带状、 片状、 柱状或块状。
本发明的另一方面提供了将酶或细胞固定化于本发明载体上的方 法。在进行酶或细胞的固定化之前, 可以事先将本发明所述的载体切割 成薄片状或颗粒状, 并用水或缓冲液将酶液或细胞悬液配成适当浓度。 本发明固定方法的一个具体的实施方案可按如下步骤完成: a) 将酶液 或细胞悬液加入载体中,挤压载体使液体在载体中分布均匀并除去载体 中未被吸附的液体; b) 将适量蛋白凝絮剂溶液加入吸附有酶液的载体 中, 挤压数次使酶或细胞凝絮沈积于载体的孔壁上,挤压除去未被吸附 的液体; c)将适量交联剂溶液加入载体中,交联固定凝絮的蛋白或细胞, 然后挤压除去交联剂溶液; d) 视需要重复步骤 a至 c数次, 以增加酶 或细胞在载体上的载量。 最后以清水洗涤载体数次, 干燥。 本发明固定 方法的另一个可替代的实施方案如下: a')向待固定的酶或细胞液中加入 一定量的作为交联剂使用的多元醛化合物制备醛化的酶或细胞液; b' ) 向切割好的载体加入上述醛化的酶或细胞液,挤压载体使液体均勾分布 其中; C ) 向载体中加入一定量的蛋白絮凝剂, 反复混合挤压载体, 再 挤压除去载体中的液体; d' )视需要重复步骤 a'至 c '数次, 以增加酶或 细胞在载体上的载量。 最后以清水洗涤载体数次, 干燥。
在酶或细胞的固定化过程中,载体的挤压操作可以手工进行, 也可 以用专门的器械或机器完成; 上述缓冲液的 pH值应兼顾酶的最佳活性 及保证酶蛋白与凝絮剂分子的表面电荷相反; 一般而言, 所用酶蛋白浓 度为 0.3-30% ( W/V) 或细胞浓度为 1-50% ( V/V) , 凝絮剂的浓度为 0.01%-30% ( V/V) , 交联剂的浓度为 0.01%-30% ( V/V) 。 凝絮剂一 般为阳离子大分子, 如壳聚糖、 聚乙烯亚胺 (PEI) 、 羧甲基聚乙烯亚 胺 (CMPEI)等; 交联剂一般为多元醛化合物 (如戊二醛、 双醛淀粉、 双 醛葡聚糖等) 。 不同的絮凝剂或交联剂可单独使用, 也可混合使用。 为 了节约酶的用量并提高酶的活力回收, 可在酶液中添加非酶蛋白, 如血 清蛋白、 卵清单白、 乳清蛋白、 奶酪蛋白等。 此外, 根据不同产品的具 体需要,在酶或细胞的固定化过程中可以添加其它成分或增加有关步骤 以改善产品的性能, 如活性、 稳定性、 通透性、 特异性及外观特征等。
本发明所制备的颗粒状固定化酶 /固定化细胞可用于悬浮搅拌反 应, 也可用于填充式反应柱; 本发明所制备的片状产品可卷绕成为圆柱 形卷轴结构, 直接构成反应柱。这种卷轴结构的产品可以作为模块上下 堆积安装在生化反应器内,也可直接包裹后单独或相互拼接组合而成直 径和长度可以调节的柱子用于工业生产。
本发明所制备的片状产品在卷绕的过程中,依借卷绕动作本身所产 生的张力和持续外加的压轴挤压力导致多孔材料适当被压縮。因而此一 卷绕的过程既是圆柱状结构的形成过程, 也是压缩多孔材料的过程。根 据应用需要, 通过改变压轴的作用压力可以改变卷轴结构的松紧程度; 通过改变卷绕的圈数或卷绕材料的厚度可以控制卷轴结构的直径;通过 改变卷绕材料的宽度或直接对卷轴结构进行裁切可以控制卷轴圆柱体 的高度。
本发明所述的圆柱形卷轴结构的柱状面可以用适当的包裹材料密 封固定, 以防止卷绕结构松脱。 在产品用于填充反应柱套时, 如果固定 化酶产品本身不具备吸水膨胀的特性,此包裹材料应具备吸水膨胀的特 性, 如干的 PVA海绵及木浆海绵, 以便于在反应床充水后消除模块的 柱面与柱子的壳体内壁之间可能存在的间隙,该间隙也可用颗粒材料填 实。圆柱形卷轴结构在无柱套的条件下单独或相互拼接而直接构成实体 柱子应用时, 其包裹材料应具防水和保温特性, 如聚氨酯泡沬塑料, 以 减少能耗。 另一方面, 如果圆柱形卷轴结构在灌流应用的过程中会发生 收缩而体积变小, 则要求作为床壁的包裹材料具有持续的收缩抱紧功 能, 如橡胶或含橡胶的材料, 以免柱子在运行的过程中会逐渐形成床壁 间隙。
圆柱形卷轴结构直接或拼接应用时,柱体的两端应配有用于连接柱 体和管路的接口装置。 该接口装置可以具有液体过滤功能, 并能有效地 将液体向柱体输入和输出。 圆柱形卷轴结构拼接应用时, 为防止液体自 模块之间的连接处渗出, 模块之间应有防止液体渗漏的密封胶带。
以下用具体的实例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例 1. 有机多孔材料的水自然湿润速率
将干燥的有机多孔材料切割成边长为 5cm 的立方体, 轻轻置于水 深为 20cm 的蒸馏水面并立即开始计时。 测试在 10分钟或整块受试材 料完全被湿润后结束。 在此条件下, 有机多孔材料被润湿的部分 (包括 沈入水中的部分)垂直于水面的高度 (毫米) 与其被润湿所花费的时间 (秒)的比值被定义为该材料的水自然湿润速率。本实施例测试了大量 有机多孔材料, 部分结果列于下表 1。
表 1
润湿 能否均 比重
名称 型号 来源 速率 匀固定
(g/cm3)
(mm/s) 细胞 聚酯海绵 ST33 深圳联达海绵厂 0.0501 <0.01 否 聚氨酯海绵 DL68 深圳联达海绵厂 0.0314 <0.01 否 聚氨酯海绵 L338 深圳联达海绵厂 0.0213 <0.01 否 聚氨酯海绵 A230 深圳联达海绵厂 0.0186 <0.01 否 聚氨酯海绵 - 美国 Stepan公司 0.0250 <0.01 否 聚氨酯海绵 - 新加坡益展工业有限公司 0.0365 <0.01 否 涤纶纤维丝 - 深圳联达海绵厂 0.0351 0.044 否
PVA海绵 - 深圳俊鸿实业有限公司 0.1 191 0.483 能 木浆海绵 - 香港 3M公司 0.0830 1.75 能 三聚氰胺海绵 - 珠海天虹特殊海绵厂 0.0080 12.50 能 实施例 2. 表达葡萄糖异构酶固定化大肠杆菌细胞颗粒的制备 1 根据 pGEMT-Easy(Promega)的序列设计 PCR引物, 具体为: 上游引物 RBS-Ndel:
5 '-CATATGTATATCTCCTTCTTGTGTGAAATTG-3,;
下游引物 RBS-AlwNI:
5'-CAGTGGCTGCTGCCAGTGGCGATAAGTC-3'
以 pGEMT-Easy(Promega) 为模板, 用上述引物进行 PCR, 扩增得 到一 755bp产物。 PCR条件为: 50 ng pGEMT-Easy(Promega) , 0.4 μΜ RBS-Ndel, 0.4 μΜ RBS- AlwNI, 50 μΜ dATP, 50 μΜ dTTP, 50 μΜ dCTP, 50 μΜ dGTP, 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.8), 10 mM KC1, 10 mM (NH4)2SO4, 2 mM MgSO4, 0.1% Triton X-100, 2.5 U Pfu DNA聚合酶 (Promega),用无菌水调反应体积至 50 μί。 PCR扩增反应程序为: 94。C, 5分钟; 94 °C, 1分钟, 50 °C, 1分钟, 72 °C, 4分钟, 循环 35次; 72 °C, 10分钟。 该 PCR产物 (755bp)在 5'端含有 Ndel酶切位点和核蛋 白体结合位点及在 3'端含有 AlwNI酶切位点。用 0.8%琼脂糖电泳提纯, Ndel和 AlwNI酶切后,与经 Ndel和 AlwNI酶切的 pRSETA(Invitrogen) 连接,得 pRSET-lac。用 AlwNI和 EcoRI酶切 pRSET-lac和 pRSET-kan (中 国专利申请公布号: CN1680558A), 用 0.8%琼脂糖电泳提纯各 DNA片 段并连接, 得 pRSET-lac-kan 。
按照中国专利申请公开号: CN1702172所公开的制备葡萄糖异构酶 突变体的方法, 以 pGEMT-MGI-4为模板, 分别以 T1和 87LR、 87LF 和 217GR、 217GF和 260AR、 260AF和 T2 为引物对 (均见表 2), 进行 PCR合成,得到编码含有 F87L、 W139F, R182A、 F187S、 V217G、 D260A 和 T299Q共七个点突变的葡萄糖异构酶突变体的基因 MGI4-35。用 Ndel 和 EcoRI 酶切 MGI4-35后, 与经 Ndel和 EcoRI 酶切的 pRSET-lac-kan 连接,得到 pRSET-lac-MGI4-35-kan。所得载体 pRSET-lac-MGI4-35-kan 的完整序列列于序列表中的序列 1。
表 2
引物对
87LR: 5'AAAAACTCCAGTGCTGCTTCTACCCTTGCTTTC 3,
87LF: 5 ' GAAGC AGC ACTGGAGTTTTTTGATAAGATAA 3,
217GR: 5'GCATAGTCGCCAGCCATGTGCAAAAATCTT 3'
217GF: 5'ACATGGCTGGCGACTATGCAAAGGAAATCG 3'
260AR: 5'AAATATTTCGCAAGGTCGTATTTTCTCAAG 3'
260AF: 5'ACGACCTTGCGAAATATTTCAAAGTAAATA 3'
T2: 5'ATAAGCTCAGCGGCGCGCCTTATTCTGCAAACAAATAC 3 '
然后将 pRSET-lac-MGI4-35-kan转化大肠杆菌 BL21 (DE3 ) pLysS。 按 1%比例接种至 70L LB液体培养基 (含 50 mg/L卡那霉素)中, 37 C培 养该含葡萄糖异构酶突变体 MGI4-35的大肠杆菌 36小时。 离心得湿菌 体 670g, 并悬浮于一倍菌体重量的纯水中。
将干燥的 PVA海绵 (购自浙江省宁海县好帮手日用品有限公司) 切成约 15mm3 的颗粒, 取 PVA海绵颗粒 6g置尼龙纱网袋中, 再将网 袋置塑料袋中, 加菌液 40ml于海绵颗粒中, 反复挤压混合至少 3分钟 使菌液在颗粒上分布均匀; 加 0.5% (w/v) pH 7.0的 PEI (购于 Sigma Chemicals, St. Luis, USA)溶液 40ml, 反复挤压混合至少 3分钟;加 0.5% (v/v) 的戊二醛 (购于广东汕头市西陇化工厂) 溶液 40ml, 反复挤压混 合至少 5 分钟,然后将网袋从塑料袋取出, 挤压除去液体, 以水挤压洗 涤 3次, .除去未被吸附的液体后, 流动空气干燥 5-10小时, 得表达葡 萄糖异构酶固定化大肠杆菌细胞颗粒 l lg。 基本参照文献 ( Disc e et al., 1951, J. Biol. Chem, 192:583-587; Nakamura, 1968, Agr. Biol. Chem.32:701-706 ) 所报道的酶活力测定方 法, 测定本实施例制得的固定化细胞的比活力。 具体为, 精密称取 0.5-2mg 按上述方法制备的表达葡萄糖异构酶固定化大肠杆菌细胞颗 粒,加 36%(w/v)葡萄糖溶液(含 0.25 mM 氯化钴, 5 mM氯化镁, 20mM 磷酸盐, pH6.5 ) lml, 75°C振摇反应 10分钟, 置冰浴终止反应。 在此条 件下每分钟催化 1 微摩尔的葡萄糖转化为果糖所需的酶量被定义为一 个葡萄糖异构酶活力单位。经测定实施例 2制得的固定化细胞的比活力 为 2,540 U/g o
实施例 3. 表达葡萄糖异构酶固定化大肠杆菌细胞颗粒的制备 2 按实施例 2制备菌液 40ml,加 0.25mM 氯化钴溶液 6ml,混匀。将木 浆海绵 (香港 3M公司) 洗净, 除去可能含有的表面活性剂, 将海绵切 成约 15mm3 的颗粒, 干燥后取海绵颗粒 4g置尼龙纱网袋中, 再将网袋 置塑料袋中, 加含氯化钴的菌液 46ml于海绵颗粒中, 反复挤压混合至 少 3分钟使菌液在颗粒上分布均匀;加 2.5%的 PEI溶液 (pH7.0)10ml, 反 复挤压混合至少 3分钟; 加 2.5%的戊二醛溶液 10ml, 反复挤压混合至 少 5 分钟,然后将网袋从塑料袋取出, 挤压除去液体, 以水挤压洗涤 3 次, 除去未被吸附的液体后, 流动空气干燥 5-10 小时, 得表达葡萄糖 异构酶固定化大肠杆菌细胞颗粒 9g。
葡萄糖异构酶的活力测定方法参照实施例 2。 结果, 实施例 3制得 的固定化细胞的比活力为 4,442 U/g
实施例 4. 表达葡萄糖异构酶固定化大肠杆菌细胞颗粒的制备 3 按实施例 2制备菌液。开孔的三聚氰胺海绵来自珠海天虹特种海绵 厂,开孔率 >95%。 将三聚氰胺海绵切成约 15mm3 的颗粒, 干燥后取海 绵颗粒 2.67g置尼龙纱网袋中, 再将网袋置塑料袋中, 加菌液 80ml于 海绵颗粒中反复混合至少 3分钟使菌液在颗粒上分布均匀; 加 0.5%的 PEI溶液 (pH7.0)160ml, 反复挤压混合至少 3 分钟, 挤压除去未被吸附 的液体; 力 Π 0.5%的戊二醛溶液 160ml, 反复挤压混合至少 3分钟,然后 将网袋从塑料袋取出, 挤压除去液体, 以水挤压洗涤 3次, 除去未被吸 附的液体后, 流动空气干燥 5-10小时, 得表达葡萄糖异构酶固定化大 肠杆菌细胞颗粒 13g。
葡萄糖异构酶的活力测定方法参照实施例 2。 结果, 实施例 4制得 的固定化细胞的比活力为 5,544 U/g。
实施例 5. 表达葡萄糖异构酶固定化大肠杆菌细胞颗粒的制备 4 按实施例 2制备菌体细胞, 将细胞悬浮于 5倍菌体重量的纯水中。 将三聚氰胺海绵切成约 15mm3 的颗粒, 取海绵颗粒 10g置尼龙纱 网袋中, 按以下顺序操作: a) 将海绵颗粒浸泡于 1000ml菌液中至少 3 分钟后取出, 挤压海绵除去未被吸附的液体; b) 加 0.1%的 PEI 溶液 (pH7.0) 100ml, 反复挤压混合至少 3分钟, 挤压除去未被吸附的液体; c) 加 0.1%的戊二醛溶液 100ml,反复挤压混合,静置 3分钟后,挤压除去 未被吸附的液体; d) 重复步骤 &至0 5次, 然后以水挤压洗涤 3次, 挤 压除去未被吸附液体后, 流动空气干燥 5-10 小时, 得表达葡萄糖异构 酶固定化大肠杆菌细胞颗粒 56g。
葡萄糖异构酶的活力测定方法参照实施例 2。 结果, 实施例 5制得 的固定化细胞的比活力为 6,150 U/g。
实施例 6.表达戊二酰 7-氨基头孢烷酸酰化酶固定化大肠杆菌细胞 颗粒的制备 1
pT7-kan-ACY的构建:根据已知的假单孢菌 SE83戊二酰 -7-氨基头 抱霉烷酸酰化酶 DNA序列 (Matsuda, A. et al., 1987, J. Bacteriol. 169, 5821-5826) , 设计 PCR上游引物 Ndel-ACY:
5,-CATATGAACGCTCCCGTCCCCGTCCC-3,, 和 PCR下游引物 Bglll-ACY: 5'-AGATCTTCAGATGGTGAAGCGGGCAC-3'。
以假单孢菌 SE83 DNA为模板, 用上述引物进行 PCR, 扩增得到 一 l,676bp产物。 PCR条件为: 50 ng假单孢菌 SE83 DNA, 0.4 μΜ Ndel-ACY, 0.4 μΜ Bglll-ACY, 50 μΜ dATP, 50 μΜ dTTP, 50 μΜ dCTP, 50 μΜ dGTP, 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.8 ) , 10 mM KC1, 10 mM (NH4)2SO4, 2 mM MgSO4, 0.1% Triton X-100, 2.5 U Pfu DNA 聚合酶 (Promega) , 用无菌水调反应体积至 50 L。
PCR扩增反应程序为: 95°C, 5分钟; 94°C, 1分钟, 50°C, 1分 钟, 72°C, 3分钟, 循环 35次; 72°C, 10分钟。 该 PCR产物(l,676bp) 在 5'和 3'端分别含有 Ndel和 Bglll酶切位点。 PCR产物经 0.8%琼脂糖 电泳提纯, Ndel和 Bglll酶切后, 与经 Ndel和 Bglll酶切的 pRSET-kan 连接, 得 pT7-kan-ACY, 具体序列示于序列表中的序列 2。 将 pT7-kan-ACY转化感受态大肠杆菌 BL21(DE3)pLysS (Novagen) , 得 菌株 BL-T7K-ACY。
以含卡那霉素 (50mg/L)的 20L LB液体培养基, 在 37Ό培养大肠杆 菌 BL-T7K-ACY24小时, 离心收集菌体, 得湿菌体细胞 235g, 将细胞 悬浮于 5倍菌体重量的纯水中。
将三聚氰胺海绵切成约 15mm3 的颗粒, 取海绵颗粒 10g置尼龙纱 网袋中, 按以下顺序操作: a) 将海绵颗粒浸泡于 1000ml菌液中至少 3 分钟后取出, 挤压海绵除去未被吸附的液体; b) 加 0.1%的 PEI 溶液 (pH7.0) 100ml, 反复挤压混合至少 3分钟,挤压除去未被吸附的的液体; c) 加 0.1%的戊二醛溶液 100ml,反复挤压混合,静置 5分钟后,挤压除去 未被吸附的的液体; 5次重复步骤&至 (;, 以水挤压洗涤后, 挤压除 去未被吸附的液体后, 流动空气干燥 5-10小时, 得表达 GL-7-ACA酰 化酶固定化大肠杆菌细胞颗粒 50g。
检测基本按 Binder, R. et al, (1994, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60, 1805-1809)所述的方法, 来测定固定化表达 GL-7-ACA酰化酶大肠杆菌 细胞的比活力。具体为, 取 18g制备的固定化 GL-7-ACA酰化酶细胞颗 粒悬浮于 600 ml 75mM戊二酰 -7-氨基头孢霉烷酸溶液 (含 25mM磷酸 钠, pH8.0) 中 (戊二酰 -7-氨基头抱霉烷的制备方法参见 Shibuya, Y. et al.,(1981, Agric. Biol. Chem. 45, 1561-1567), 在 37 °C下搅拌反应 (搅拌 速度为 450转每分钟), 并用 5N氢氧化钠维持 pH在 8.0。 反应开始后 在不同时间 (0, 10, 20分钟)抽取 60 μΐ:样本, 与 30 10%三氯醋酸混 匀以终止反应。离心(10,000g, 3分钟),取 10 上清液混合 990 HPLC 流动相 (50mM磷酸钾, pH7; 5%乙腈)。 用 HPLC检测酶反应。 HPLC 条件如下: HPLC 色谱柱: Diamonsil™C18, 250x4.6mm (迪马公司, 北京); 柱温度: 30°C ; 流速: lmL每分钟; 检测: 260nm。 一单位戊二 酰 -7-氨基头孢霉烷酸酰化酶活性定义为在上述条件每分钟转化一微摩 尔戊二酰 -7-氨基头孢霉烷酸至 7-氨基头孢霉烷酸的酶量。 经测定, 实 施例 6制得的固定化细胞在初始 10分钟内的比活力为 140.8 U/g。
实施例 7.表达腺苷蛋氨酸合成酶固定化大肠杆菌细胞颗粒的制备 根据 GENBANK NC— 000909设计引物 SAM-F和 SAM-R。
SAM-F为 5,AGCCTAGGTTAATTAACTTTAAGAAGGAGATATACA
TATGAGAAACATAATTGTAA 3,;
SAM-R 为 5, ATAAGCTCAGCGGCGCGCCTTAGAATGTAGTTACTT TTCCTTCA 3,。 利用引物对 SAM-F和 SAM-R从 Methanococcus jannaschii JAL-1 ATCC 43067(购自 ATCC, USA) 中扩增 S-腺苷甲硫氨 酸合成酶基因。扩增条件为: 20mM Tris-HCl (PH8.8), 10mM KCl, 10mM (NH4)2SO4, 0.1% Triton X-100, 50uM dATP, 50uM dTTP, 50uM dCTP, 50uM dGTP, 400nM SAM-F, 400uM SAM-R, 4.5U Taq DNA聚合酶 (购 自 Promega, USA), 再用无菌水把反应体积调至 50 μ1。 PCR 扩增反应 程序为: 95°C 3分钟, 40圈循环 (95°C 50秒、 50°C 30秒和 72°C 1 分钟。 :), 最后 72°C 10分钟。 将扩增的产物 (长约 1.3KB)克隆至载体 pRSET-lac-kan,将连接产物转化大肠杆菌 BL21(DE3)pLysS并于 LB (含 50 mg/L卡那霉素)平板培养过夜, 挑出单个克隆。
按 1%接种量在 50L LB液体培养基 (含 50 mg/L卡那霉素) 37°C培养 上述表达 M. jannaschii S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的大肠杆菌 BL21(DE3)pLysS 40小时后, 离心得湿菌体 480g, 将菌体悬浮在于 5倍 菌体重量的纯水中。
将三聚氰胺海绵切成约 15mm3 的颗粒, 取海绵颗粒 10g置尼龙纱 网袋中, 以下按顺序操作: a) 将海绵颗粒浸泡于 1000ml菌液中 3分钟 后取出, 挤压海绵除去未被吸附的液体; b) 加 0.1%的 PEI 溶液 (pH7.0)100ml, 反复挤压混合至少 3分钟, 挤压除去未被吸附的液体; c) 加 0.1%的戊二醛溶液 100ml,反复挤压混合,静置 5分钟后,挤压除去 未被吸附的液体; d) 重复步骤 a至 c 3次, 以水挤压洗涤后, 70°C热水 处理 30分钟, 挤压除去未被吸附的液体后, 流动空气干燥 5-10小时, 得表达腺苷蛋氨酸合成酶固定化大肠杆菌细胞颗粒 50 g。
酶活力之测定参照 George D. Markham et al,(1980, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 255, 9082-9092)所述的方法。具体为,在 500 μΐ 反 应液 (2mM ATP, 8mM L-甲硫氨酸, 20 mM MgCl2, lOOmM KC1, lOOmM Tris-Cl pH8.3 ) 中, 加入 15mg固定化细胞, 在 58°C下震荡反应 反应 20分钟后, 加入 300 μΐ 之 10%三氯醋酸终止反应, 离心除去沉淀, 收 集上清用 HPLC 测定其中之 SAM含量。 HPLC测定参照 US Patent No. US6881837 (色谱柱: C18, 4.6mm x 250mm, Beckman Coulter, USA; 缓 冲液: 0.02M 柠檬酸, 0.01M 磷酸二氢钠; 流动相: a.含有 0.4% SDS 的缓冲液; b乙腈, a与 b的比例为 56: 44; 流速: 1.5 ml/分钟; 检测波 长: 260nm) 。 经测定, 实施例 7制备的固定化细胞的比活力为 0.6U/g。
实施例 8. 固定化 D-氨基酸氧化酶颗粒的制备
按下列方法制备 BL-HS-GHA [含有重组 D-氨基酸氧化酶 GHA 的 E. coli BL21 ( DE3 ) pLysS]菌体。
BL-HS-GHA的来源:
根据 已知 的 Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum glucose isomerase DNA序列(GenBank L09699), 设计 PCR引物, 具体为:
上游引物:
5, - AGCCTAGGTTAATTAACTTTAAGAAGGAGATATAC ATATG AATAAATATTTTGAGA
下游引物:
5'-ATAAGCTCAGCGGCGCGCCTTATTCTGCAAACAAATAC 以 Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum (购自 ATCC, USA) DNA 为模板,用上述引物进行 PCR,扩增得到一 l,376bp产物。 PCR条件为: 50 ng T. saccharolyticum DNA, 0.4 μΜ GI-Ndel, 0.4 μΜ GI-EcoRI, 50 μΜ dATP, 50 μΜ dTTP, 50 μΜ dCTP, 50 μΜ dGTP, 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.8), 10 mM KCl, 10 mM (NH4)2S04, 2 mM MgSO4 , 0.1% Triton X- 100, 2.5 U Platinum Taq High Fidelity DNA聚合酶 (Invitrogen),用无菌水调反 应体积至 5() L。 PCR扩增反应程序为: 95 °C, 5分钟; 94 °C, 1分钟, 50 °C, 1分钟, 72 °C, 3分钟, 循环 35次; 72 °C, 10分钟。 PCR产 物经 0.8%琼脂糖电泳提纯,利用 TA克隆方法,与 pGEMT-Easy(Promega) 连接, 得 pGEMT-Easy-GI。 用 Ndel和 EcoRI酶切 pGEMT-Easy-GI, 经 0.8%琼脂糖电泳提纯, 与经 Ndel和 EcoRI酶切的 pRSET-lac-kan连接, 得 pRSET-lac-GI-kan。根据已知 hok/sok基因片段序列 (GenBank X05813) 设计 10条引物 (见表 3)。PCR基因构造根据 Kikuchi, M. et al, 1999, Gene 236:159-167所述, 唯具体步骤有变更。 PCR条件为: 20 ng 各个引物, 50 μΜ dATP, 50 μΜ dTTP, 50 μΜ dCTP, 50 μΜ dGTP, 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.8), 10 mM KCl, 10 mM (NH4)2SO4, 2 mM MgSO4, 0.1% Triton X-100, 2.5U Pfu DNA聚合酶 (Promega),用无菌水调反应体积至 50 μί。 PCR扩增反应程序为: 95 °C, 4分钟; 94 °C, 1.5分钟, 50 °C, 1.5分 钟, 72。C, 5分钟, 循环 30次; 72 °C, 10分钟。 取 PCR扩增反应混 合物 5 作模板, 引物 1和 10, 依上述条件再次 PCR扩增, 得一 PCR 产物长 580 bp, 在其 5'和 3'端分别含有 Ascl及 EcoRI酶切位点。 PCR 产物经 0.8%琼脂糖电泳提纯, Ascl及 EcoRI酶切后,与经 Ascl及 EcoRI 酶切的 pRSET-lac-GI-kan连接, 得 pRSET-lac-GI-hok/sok-kan。 序号 引物序列
5 ' -ttggcgcgccttaagatatcaacaaactccgggaggcagc
1
gtgatgcggcaacaatcacacggatttcccgtgaa-3'
5 '-catatacctgcacgctgaccacactcactttccctgaaaa
2
taatccgctcattcagaccgttcacgggaaatccgtgtga-3'
5, -ggtcagcgtgcaggtatatgggctatgatgtgcccggcgc
3
ttgaggctttctgcctcatgacgtgaaggtggtttgttgc-3'
5 ' - cgtggtggttaatgaaaattaacttactacggggctatct
4
tctttctgccacacaacacggcaacaaaccaccttcacgt-3'
5'-aattttcattaaccaccacgaggcatccctatgtctagtc
5
cacatcaggatagcctcttaccgcgctttgcgcaaggaga-3'
5 ' -tgagacacacgatcaacacacaccagacaagggaacttcg
6
tggtagtttcatggccttcttctccttgcgcaaagcgcgg-3'
5 ' -tgtgttgatcgtgtgtctcacactgttgatattcacttat
7
ctgacacgaaaatcgctgtgcgagattcgttacagagacg-3'
5 ' -cgcctccaggttgctacttaccggattcgtaagccatgaa
8
agccgccacctccctgtgtccgtctctgtaacgaatctcg-3' 5'-taagtagcaacctggaggcgggcgcaggcccgccttttca
9
ggactgatgctggtctgactactgaagcgcctttataaag- 3 '
5 ' -cggaattcacaacatcagcaaggagaaaggggctaccggc
10
gaaccagcagcccctttataaaggcgcttcagt-3'
用 Ndel和 Bglll酶切质粒 pRSET-kan-DAOGHA (中国专利申请公开 号: CN1680558A),得一 l,074bp基因片段 (内含 D-氨基酸氧化酶突变体 GHA 基因) , 经 0.8%琼脂糖电泳提纯, 与经 Ndel 和 Bglll 酶切的 pRSET-lac-GI-hok/sok-kan得到的长片断连接, 得 pHS-GHA (见序列表 中的序列 3)。 将 pHS-GHA 转化感受态大肠杆菌 BL21(DE3)pLysS (Novagen) , 得菌株 BL-HS-GHA,
制备 BL-HS-GHA [含有重组 D-氨基酸氧化酶 GHA的 E. coli BL21 (DE3 ) pLysS]菌体的方法
从卡那霉素 (50 g/mL ) LB 琼脂平板上挑取单菌落大肠杆菌 BL-HS-GHA, 接种到 2x5 mL含卡那霉素 (50 g/mL) 的液体 LB培养 基, 在 37°C培养 8小时 (摇床转速为 250转每分钟) , 再接种至 2x50 mL种子培养基含卡那霉素( 100 g/mL)和氯霉素(40 g/mL), 在 30°C 培养 16小时 (摇床转速为 400转每分钟) 。
玉米浆 1之制备:
将 300 g玉米浆 (购自华北制药康欣有限公司) 溶于 300 mL蒸馏 水, 搅拌后离心 (5,000 g, 8分钟) , 上清液即为玉米浆 1。 沉淀物留 用。
玉米桨 2之制备:
将上述沉淀物再溶于 600 mL蒸熘水, 搅拌后离心 (5,000 g, 8分 钟) , 上清液即为玉米桨 2。
50 mL种子培养基中各成分重量如下:
玉米浆 1 4 mL
玉米浆 2 4 mL
酵母浸膏 0.2 g
硫酸铵 0.075 g
磷酸氢二钠 0.25 g 磷酸二氢钾 0.04 g
氯化钠 0.075 g
将各成分溶于 50 mL蒸熘水, 以 10 N氢氧化钠调 pH值至 7.15, 高温消毒。
种子过夜发酵后, 将全部 100 mL 之种子接种至 2 L 发酵罐 (BIOENGINEERING, Benchtop Fermentor, KLF2000 )含卡那霉素(50 g/mL) 。
2L发酵培养基中各成分重量如下:
玉米浆 1 160 mL
玉米浆 2 160 mL
酵母浸膏 8 g
硫酸铵 3 g
磷酸氢二钠 10 g
磷酸二氢钾 l g
氯化钠 3 g
将各成分溶于 1.9 L蒸馏水, 以 IO N氢氧化钠调 pH值至 7.15, 于 2 L发酵罐 (BIOENGINEERING, Benchtop Fermentor, KLF2000) 高 温消毒。
将 12.5 g葡萄糖溶于 50 mL蒸馏水, 高温消毒; 将 1.25 g硫酸镁 溶于 50 mL蒸馏水, 高温消毒。
发酵前把已消毒的葡萄糖和硫酸镁放进 2 L发酵罐。
补料之制备:
将 250 mL玉米浆 1和 250 mL玉米浆 2混合, 以 10 N氢氧化钠调 pH值至.7.25, 高温消毒。
将 2.25 g硫酸铵, 7.56 g磷酸氢二钠, 1.2 g磷酸二氢钾, 2.25 g氯 化钠溶于 60 mL蒸馏水, 高温消毒。
将 15 g酵母浸膏溶于 100 mL蒸馏水, 高温消毒。
将 70 g葡萄糖溶于 140 mL蒸馏水, 高温消毒。
将 30 mL甘油混合 10 mL蒸熘水, 高温消毒。
将 20 g硫酸镁溶于 30 mL蒸馏水, 高温消毒。 将所有溶液混合, 加入卡那霉素至浓度为 50 g/mL, 加入 2 mL消 泡剂。
在 35°C生长, 在初始的 6小时, pH值由 6.9 自然上升至 7.2, 开 始补料 (50 mL/小时) 。 在平衡条件下 (以 5 N氢氧化钾将 pH值维持 在 7.2, 溶氧水平 pO2不大于 0.5%) , 继续生长 26小时。
在发酵罐发酵后, 细菌在 4°C经离心机分离 (5,000g, 8分钟), 弃 上清液, 得沉淀 198g, 将沉淀重悬于 600mL 磷酸钠缓冲液 (50mM, pH7.5)。 用珠磨法裂解细菌, 以 50mL每分钟之速度把细菌重悬液送进 珠磨机 (DYNO-MILL TYP KDL, 0.2mm直径玻璃珠, WA Bachofen)内, 最后再以 800mL 磷酸钠缓冲液 (50mM, pH7.5)把细菌残留冲洗出来。 将细菌裂解液在 55 °C水浴中浸泡 30分钟, 以高速离心(10,000g, 30 分钟), 取上清液, 即为粗纯之重组 D-氨基酸氧化酶 GHA。 D-氨基酸氧 化酶的纯化基本按 Alonso, J., Barredo, J.L., Diez, B., Mellado, E., Salto, F., Garcia, J.L., Cortes, E. (1998, Microbiology 144:1095-1101) 所述。 提 取之粗纯重组 D-氨基酸氧化酶 GHA, 加入甘油至最终浓度为 10%, 用 5N氢氧化钠调 pH值至 8, 离心 (13,000g, 30分钟), 取上清液。 按产品 供货商所述制备法制备 DEAE-纤维素离子交换树脂 (Sigma, D-0909)。 按每 lmL粗纯酶混合 0.5mL DEAE-纤维素离子交换树脂, 在 4 °C搅拌 5小时(100转每分钟), 用滤斗 (Buchner filter funnel, 120mm PI)将酶液 滤去。 以 3倍 DEAE-纤维素离子交换树脂体积之 40mM磷酸二氢钠缓 冲液 (含 10%甘油)冲洗 DEAE-纤维素离子交换树脂, 再用 2倍 DEAE- 纤维素离子交换树脂体积之 400mM磷酸二氢钠缓冲液将重组 D-氨基酸 氧化酶 GHA洗脱出来。 按每 1L洗脱之重组 D-氨基酸氧化酶 GHA, 加 入 262g硫酸铵, 在室温搅拌 15分钟 (100转每分钟)。 离心(13,000g, 15 分钟), 弃上清液, 保留沉淀物。 将沉淀物溶于 20mM磷酸二氢钠缓冲 液 (pH7.5)后以 Millipore YM30滤膜超滤除去剩余硫酸铵, 将酶液浓缩 至 25mg/ml。 用 SDS-PAGE检测蛋白质的纯度。 取酶液 25mg/ml的 D- 氨基酸氧化酶溶液 25ml, 加牛血清白蛋白 (卵清蛋白) 3.75g, 加水 112.5ml, 搅拌均匀, 得稀释酶液。
取三聚氰胺海绵切成约 15mm3 的颗粒, 取海绵颗粒 5g置尼龙纱 网袋中, 按以下顺序操作: a) 加稀释酶液 50ml于海绵颗粒中充分挤 压混合均匀; b) 加 0.05%的 PEI溶液 (pH7.0)400ml, 反复挤压混合至 少 5分钟,挤压除去未被吸附的液体; c) 加 0.05%的戊二醛溶液 400ml, 反复挤压混合,静置 5分钟后,挤压除去未被吸附的液体; d) 重复步骤 a 至 c 3次, 然后以水挤压洗涤 3次, 挤压除去未被吸附液体后, 流动空 气干燥 5-10小时,得表达 D-氨基酸氧化酶固定化大肠杆菌颗粒 30g。
D-氨基酸氧化酶的活力测定基本参照文献 Isogai, T., Ono, H., Ishitani, Y., Kojo, H., Ueda, Y., Kohsaka, M. (1990, J Biochem [Tokyo]. 108, 1063-1069) 所述, 具体步骤略有变更。 具体为, 取表达 D-氨基酸 氧化酶固定化大肠杆菌颗粒 5克悬浮在 75 mM头孢菌素 C钠盐水溶液 中, 加氧在 22°C振荡反应 60分钟。 反应开始后在不同时间 (0、 15、 30分钟) 抽取 100 μΐ反应液与 10 μΐ 3% 过氧化氢混匀, 再加入 50 μΐ 10% 三氯醋酸,混匀以终止反应。将终止反应液离心(10,000 g, 3 分钟), 取 10 μΐ上清液和 990 μΐ HPLC流动相混合, 上 HPLC柱检测。 HPLC 色谱柱: Diamonsil TM C18, 250 x 4.6 mm (迪马公司, 北京); 流动相: 50 mM K2HP04/KH2PO4 ( H 7.0), 5% 乙腈; 柱温度: 30。C; 流速: 1 ml/min; 检测: 260 nm UV。 一单位酶活性定义为在上述条件每分钟转 化一微摩尔头孢菌素 C为戊二酰 -7-氨基头孢霉烷酸的酶量。 经测定, 实施例 8制备的固定化酶在初始 15分钟内酶比活力为 156 U/g。
实施例 9. 表达葡萄糖异构酶固定化大肠杆菌细胞片带的制备 按实施例 2制备菌体细胞, 将细胞悬浮于 5倍体积的纯水中。 将三聚氰胺海绵切割成 0.5x 10x 120cm的片带 (4.8g)。 以下按顺序 操作: a) 将海绵片带浸入细胞悬液中, 挤压海绵使菌液在海绵中均匀 分布, 将海绵通过对滚轴挤压除去海绵上未被吸附的菌液, 调节两挤压 轴的间隙使海绵上所粘附的菌液约为 200g; B)向海绵加入 500ml 0.1% PEI (pH7.0)溶液, 挤压海绵使 PEI分布均勾, 海绵再次通过对滚轴以除 去未被吸附的液体; c) 向海绵加入 500ml 0.1%戊二醛溶液, 挤压使戊 二醛分布均匀并除去未被吸附的液体,静置 5分钟。 d) 重复步骤 a至 c 5 次, 每次重复步骤 a时, 调节两对滚轴间的间隙使海绵再次携带的菌液 量约为 100g, 然后以水挤压洗涤 1 次, 挤压除去未被吸附的液体后, 流动空气干燥 5-10小时,得表达葡萄糖异构酶固定化大肠杆菌细胞片带 24g。 从所制备的表达葡萄糖异构酶固定化大肠杆菌细胞片带上剪取少 量样品参照实施例 2的方法测定活力, 测定酶比活力为 6,608 U/g。
实施例 10. 表达葡萄糖异构酶固定化大肠杆菌细胞卷轴状圆柱的 制备
将实施例 9制得的固定化细胞片带之一部分 (3.5g)在一圆柱形实体 内芯(附图 1, a)上卷绕成直径 1.8cm、 高 9.6cm的圆柱(附图 1, b)。 卷绕前将海绵片带的两末端削切成斜面,使卷绕的始末两端与内芯或外 壁不形成间隙。 其柱面以宽约 4cm的橡胶带缠绕 (附图 1 , c) 。 两个 接口装置 (附图 1, d) 被橡胶带缠绕固定于柱体的两端。 两端涂以密 封用的玻璃胶, 接上硅胶管 (附图 1 , e) 后, 整个柱体用聚氨酯保温 材料 (附图 1, f) 封裹。
向上述固定化细胞柱通入 75 °C的 50%(w/v)的葡萄糖浆(含 2.5mM 磷酸盐、 0.5mM MgCl2, 0.05mM CoCl2, ρΗ6.5 ),初始流速为 1.62ml/min, 流出物的果糖含量为总糖量的 51.6%; 144 小时后流速为 1.63 ml/min时, 流出物的果糖含量为总糖量的 45.6%。
按本发明制备的圆柱形卷轴结构的产品用于填充柱子时,其装卸过 程比颗粒状的固定化酶简单高效,这一优势在大规模生产时尤其显得突 出。卷轴结构的无柱套应用对节约固定成本投资也是显而易见的。而且, 由卷轴结构单独构成的反应柱子可以随意并联或串联,或由卷轴结构拼 接而成的反应柱子的长度和数目可以随意调节,使得生产规模可以很方 便地根据需要扩大或缩小。 其次, 反应柱子在使用过程中, 柱子内的酶 分子会逐渐失去活力, 越靠近底物进口端位置的酶分子失活越快, 因而 柱子在使用一段时间之后, 其两端的活力会有显著的差异。本发明可以 很方便地用新的高活力的反应柱置换失活严重端的反应柱。如此可有效 调节整个柱子的使用寿命和生产效率。这一点, 现有的颗粒状固定化酶 产品就无法做到。
实施例 11 固定化葡萄糖异构酶网格片带的制备
按实施例 2制备菌体细胞, 将细胞悬浮于 3倍体积的纯水中,以高 压匀质机 (Niro Soavi S.P.A., Type SlOOlL 2K) 破碎细胞, 破碎液经 80°C热处理 5分钟, 离心, 上清液经 10000分子量超滤膜超滤浓缩至蛋 白浓度为 15mg/ml, 得粗纯之葡萄糖异构酶液。
取上述粗纯之葡萄糖异构酶液 650ml, 加 1%戊二醛溶液 65ml, 缓 慢搅拌 30分钟, 得醛化葡萄糖异构酶液。
将三聚氰氨海绵切割成 0.5x50x 125cm ( 3.25g) 的片带状。 以下按 顺序操作: a) 向海绵片带加入 130ml上述醛化葡萄糖异构酶液, 挤压 海绵片带使液体在海绵中均勾分布; b) 向海绵片带加入 130ml 0.25% PEI溶液, 反复混合挤压海绵, 使其中的酶液与 PEI均匀分布并充分反 应, 混合挤压至海绵中挤出的液体完全澄清后, 再挤压除去海绵中的液 体; c) 重复步骤 a) 至 b) 4次, 最后以水挤压洗涤 2次, 挤压除去未 被吸附的液体后, 流动空气干燥 5-10 小时,得葡萄糖异构酶网格片带 21.6g, 比活力为 6,330 U/g。 葡萄糖异构酶的活力测定方法参照实施例 2中所提及的方法。
本专利申请中引用的各种文献的全部公开内容,无论是专利文献还 是非专利文献, 全部以引用方式并入本文。 另外, 本发明不受上述具体 实施例描述的限制。 本发明可在权利要求书所概括的范围内做各种改 变, 这些改变也在本发明的范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种用于制备固定化酶或固定化细胞的载体, 其特征为开孔的多 孔有机泡沬材料。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的载体, 其具有至少为 0.2mm/s的水自然湿 润速率。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的载体, 该种载体是选自聚乙烯醇海绵、 木 浆海绵和三聚氰胺海绵中的至少一种海绵。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的载体, 其为颗粒状、 条带状、 片状、 柱状 或块状。
5. 一种用于固定化酶或固定化细胞的制备方法, 其特征包括如下步 骤:
a) 采用开孔的多孔有机泡沬材料作为固定载体; 和
b) 利用凝絮交联技术将所述酶或细胞固定在所述的载体上。
6. 根据权利要求 5 所述的方法, 其中所述载体具有至少为 0.2mm/s 的水自然湿润速率。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的方法, 其中所述载体是选自聚乙烯醇海绵、 木浆海绵和三聚氰胺海绵中至少一种海绵。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的方法, 其中所述载体为颗粒状、 条带状、 片状、 柱状或块状。
9. 权利要求 8所述的方法, 其中, 所述载体为片状载体, 该载体可 卷绕成为圆柱形的卷轴结构而直接构成反应柱。
10. 根据权利要求 5所述的方法,其中所述的凝絮交联技术如下完成- 用蛋白絮凝剂和多元醛化合物将酶蛋白或细胞交联凝絮沈积于载体的 孔壁上。
11. 根据权利要求 10 的方法, 其中所述的蛋白絮凝剂为壳聚糖、 聚 乙烯亚胺 (PEI) 或羧甲基聚乙烯亚胺。
12. 根据权利要求 10的方法, 其中所述的多元醛化合物为戊二醛。
13. 权利要求 5 所述的方法, 其中所述的酶选自葡萄糖异构酶、 D- 氨基酸氧化酶、 戊二酰 7-氨基头孢垸酸酰化酶或腺苷蛋氨酸合成酶。
14. 权利要求 5所述的方法, 其中所述的细胞表达至少一种选自葡萄 糖异构酶、 D-氨基酸氧化酶、戊二酰 7-氨基头孢垸酸酰化酶或腺苷蛋氨 酸合成酶的酶。
15. 权利要求 14所述的方法, 所述的细胞为大肠杆菌。
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CN102533717A (zh) * 2012-03-02 2012-07-04 江南大学 一种β-葡萄糖苷酶的固定化及其协同纤维素酶水解秸秆纤维素的方法
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CN106032520A (zh) * 2015-03-13 2016-10-19 基因港(香港)生物科技有限公司 固定化反应装置及利用固定化技术进行反应的方法
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CN101985616A (zh) * 2010-11-11 2011-03-16 西北工业大学 一种制备固定化腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶和腺苷甲硫氨酸的方法
CN101985616B (zh) * 2010-11-11 2012-07-04 西北工业大学 一种制备固定化腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶和腺苷甲硫氨酸的方法
CN102533717A (zh) * 2012-03-02 2012-07-04 江南大学 一种β-葡萄糖苷酶的固定化及其协同纤维素酶水解秸秆纤维素的方法
CN102533717B (zh) * 2012-03-02 2013-06-12 江南大学 一种β-葡萄糖苷酶的固定化及其协同纤维素酶水解秸秆纤维素的方法
CN104277111A (zh) * 2013-07-08 2015-01-14 百瑞全球有限公司 用于制备固定化蛋白质、多肽或寡肽的复合载体、制法及用途
CN104277111B (zh) * 2013-07-08 2020-06-12 百瑞全球有限公司 用于制备固定化蛋白质、多肽或寡肽的复合载体、制法及用途
CN106032520A (zh) * 2015-03-13 2016-10-19 基因港(香港)生物科技有限公司 固定化反应装置及利用固定化技术进行反应的方法
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CN107446909A (zh) * 2017-09-29 2017-12-08 南京工业大学 一种大肠杆菌的固定化方法及利用固定化大肠杆菌补料发酵生产l‑赖氨酸的方法
CN107446909B (zh) * 2017-09-29 2020-09-29 南京工业大学 一种大肠杆菌的固定化方法及利用固定化大肠杆菌补料发酵生产l-赖氨酸的方法

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CN1982445B (zh) 2011-07-27
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