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WO2007051479A1 - Procede et dispositif de traitement de dechets contenant des substances toxiques - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de traitement de dechets contenant des substances toxiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007051479A1
WO2007051479A1 PCT/EP2005/011673 EP2005011673W WO2007051479A1 WO 2007051479 A1 WO2007051479 A1 WO 2007051479A1 EP 2005011673 W EP2005011673 W EP 2005011673W WO 2007051479 A1 WO2007051479 A1 WO 2007051479A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waste
residues
contaminated
mixer
additives
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2005/011673
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Harald Kremnitz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CIWATEC GmbH
Original Assignee
CIWATEC GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CIWATEC GmbH filed Critical CIWATEC GmbH
Priority to PCT/EP2005/011673 priority Critical patent/WO2007051479A1/fr
Publication of WO2007051479A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007051479A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L11/00—Methods specially adapted for refuse
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
    • B09B3/25—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
    • B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/70—Chemical treatment, e.g. pH adjustment or oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/0463—Hazardous waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/30—Processing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
    • B09B2101/65—Medical waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00767—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for waste stabilisation purposes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the treatment and processing of waste, in particular toxic, infectious and / or slightly radiation-contaminated residues, the remnants or residues of various kinds and various hazards and hazards such as perishable and / or spoiled household waste, microorganisms, drugs, narcotics, Insecticides, pesticides, slaughterhouse waste, prions contaminated tissues (PrP, BSE), infectious and cross-contaminated faeces and sludges, septic tank sludges, heavy metal contaminated substances, as well as a facility for performing the method.
  • waste in particular toxic, infectious and / or slightly radiation-contaminated residues, the remnants or residues of various kinds and various hazards and hazards such as perishable and / or spoiled household waste, microorganisms, drugs, narcotics, Insecticides, pesticides, slaughterhouse waste, prions contaminated tissues (PrP, BSE), infectious and cross-contaminated faeces and sludges, septic tank
  • roasting technologies These processes are always accompanied by emissions whose health and environmental hazards are viewed very critically.
  • the exhaust gas purification is expensive and the remaining residues (ashes) must be disposed of consuming.
  • this type of disposal technology is banned or strictly enforced, and it is difficult to obtain new construction and operating permits.
  • a decentralized operation with low-risk transport routes is hardly possible.
  • the incineration plant whether stationary or mobile, is costly and has a long production and construction period.
  • Some types of, in particular, pharmaceutical waste must not be incinerated, such as narcotics (heroin, LSD and different types of
  • Microwave Method is one of the most common techniques for sterilizing infectious material. It works very effectively and is suitable for both stationary and mobile use. However, it is not a disposal method, because the sterilized substances remain more or less unchanged, even after treatment represent a preferred for the re-colonization of microorganisms material and require post-treatment and final disposal. In addition, the range of substances to be processed is limited; Thus, metallic objects such as needles, scalpels, metal containers are problematic. A detoxification of heavy metal contaminated remains or, for example, of chemical and pharmaceutical substances is not possible.
  • the main object of the invention is to provide a process engineering for the waste treatment and disposal of infectious and hazardous waste, which is carried out with a variable size, mobile or stationary to operate plant with the lowest possible energy consumption and low-risk and widely available consumables and equipment thereby enabling residue- and emission-free operation and utilizing the material properties of the raw material produced.
  • the inventive method is used for the treatment and processing of waste with hazardous, especially toxic, infectious and / or slightly radiation contaminated residues, the remnants or residues of various kinds and various hazards and hazards include perishable and / or spoiled household waste, microorganisms, drugs, narcotics , Insecticides, pesticides, slaughterhouse waste, prions contaminated tissues (PrP, BSE), infectious and cross-contaminated faeces and sludges, septic tank sludges, heavy metal contaminated substances.
  • the method according to the invention comprises a physical method step and at least one chemical method step.
  • the volume of the waste is reduced and the total surface area of the waste is reduced by comminution, as essentially by the mechanical processes of tearing, cutting, crushing, smashing, smashing, which occur during the shredding process.
  • the added additives chemically attack the waste gradually and under controlled conditions, that is, such that no violent reactions lead to foaming, excessive heat and strong, rapid expansion.
  • the present invention Compared to the alternative and previously used and implemented technologies for the disposal of medical, infectious and hazardous waste, the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the central aspect of the process is a multi-stage chemical treatment process with both chemical detoxification and biocidal effects.
  • the aim of the chemical treatment by means of selected reagents is on the one hand, the molecular restructuring of existing organic and inorganic substances or materials to simple, non-toxic and harmless substances, on the other hand, the killing of existing biological agents such as fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms.
  • the solids are treated during the mechanical comminution process, for example in a shredder system. Liquid waste (in larger quantities) can be treated in a separate liquid treatment station using the same process and then added to the solid fraction.
  • a particularly preferred feature of the process is that the various types of waste and residue forms, such as sludge, solids, powders, liquids and fibers, can be processed together in a single treatment step.
  • An exception here is, for example, the - upstream separate treatment - of larger quantities of liquids.
  • sludge, solids, powders, oily and greasy substances, and fiber materials are processed together in the shredding plant, where they are preneutralized against liquid wastes such as oils or chemicals in an integrated and independently operating liquid treatment station before being reacted by a mixer be injected.
  • the neutralized material can be further processed by technical additives into a workable crude product, from which then can be produced by finishing technical products.
  • the process thus serves, in particular, for the residue- and emission-free treatment, sterilization, detoxification and neutralization of undesirable toxic, infectious or otherwise dangerous or harmful residues or low-radiation residues, the process being designed so that liquid and solid wastes both separately and together can be treated.
  • the wastes can be accepted at the plant according to the invention in the form in which they are obtained and collected on site. For example :
  • Hospital-specific solid waste including, for example, hypodermic needles and sharp objects (scalpels, knives, blades) as well as small amounts of liquid waste containing vessels, are usually collected separately in hospital and are thus delivered to the processing plant. After being collected, they are fed into the shredder system and crushed there, resulting in a reduction in volume while increasing the contact area for the chemical additives. Larger quantities of liquid waste to be treated separately are introduced into a liquid waste pre-neutralization station. At the beginning of shredding, the first additive is added and the shredder space is exposed to ozone and nitrogen. The shredder is located directly above the mixer station into which the pre-reacted shredder material is entered.
  • the second additive is added with stirring; Due to the onset of strongly exothermic reaction, it comes to temperature increase.
  • the third additive is added, whereby a strong increase in pH is achieved and thereby precipitation, in particular of the iron and aluminum hydroxides is achieved. These act as precipitants and coagulants, thus fixing problematic ingredients and providing the framework for the mineral matrix of the Process product to be formed raw material.
  • the identically chemically treated liquid wastes are added from the liquid waste pre-neutralization in the mixer to be mixed there with the solid residues.
  • Test facilities biochemical and chemical laboratories as well pharmaceutical, biological, microbiological, biochemical and related industries, but also originated only by private households and include residues or residues such as fluids, drugs, narcotics, infectious waste, microorganisms and their cultures, insecticides, pesticides, prions contaminated with prions (PrP , BSE), slaughterhouse waste, infectious and cross-contaminated faeces and sludges, septic tank sludges and heavy metal contaminated materials and substances.
  • residues or residues such as fluids, drugs, narcotics, infectious waste, microorganisms and their cultures, insecticides, pesticides, prions contaminated with prions (PrP , BSE), slaughterhouse waste, infectious and cross-contaminated faeces and sludges, septic tank sludges and heavy metal contaminated materials and substances.
  • the process can be safely carried out for humans and the environment, and only harmless supplies can be used for the central chemical process; in the physical part of the process, shredding, for example, reduces the volume of waste and thus increases the total surface area of the material, allowing the additives added in the chemical process step to chemically and effectively penetrate the material deeply and to penetrate;
  • the various chemical reactions that take place include, for example, oxidation, acid-base reactions, radical reactions, hydrolyzation of metal compounds and their conversion into metal oxides or hydroxides; the addition of the various reagents and additives is carried out stepwise, in particular in a defined order, in order to obtain an optimum reactive effect on the various and mutually mixed residues.
  • the reaction conditions are controlled, and the reaction can be adapted to the essential properties of the materials and reactants (oxidation / reduction, acid-base behavior, pH control).
  • the reaction regime preferably involves the mineralization of chemically degraded problem substances and their incorporation into an inorganic matrix by precipitation processes. This preferably produces an inert substance that can be reused without risk as a secondary raw material.
  • the described leach and dissolve chemical reaction existing heavy metals and other existing metal forms and convert them into poorly soluble metal oxides or hydroxides.
  • the same basic additives and process equipment can be used to treat lightly radiated waste of various origins (such as laboratories, health care facilities or industry), with the restriction that this treatment should be performed strictly independently of all others if the possibility of cross-contamination of the non-radiated residues is to be avoided.
  • a mixture with I 2 , Cu 2 SO 4 , MgSO 4 , MgO, Fe 2 O 3 and / or Cu 2 O is preferably used.
  • the reacted material is preferably taken up in a polymer matrix and compressed by pressure in this.
  • Preferred according to the invention is the process in which the fundamental chemically induced mineralization and precipitation reaction to form amorphous or simple crystalline solids is crowned by the advantage of a chemical process for the cost-effective and environmentally friendly formation of a polymer foam as a matrix for safely receiving the treated materials.
  • the polymer foam according to the invention is preferably comparable to a conventional polyurethane foam, but avoids the use of expensive and toxic isocyanate compounds; is then used a very inexpensive mixture of water, sugar and alcohol (propanol or iso-propanol, C 3 H 7 OH) and a conventional polyol from polyurethane production, which reacts slowly when merging and expanded by foaming.
  • the forming solid polymer matrix is compacted by external pressure, so that the treated, previously lightly radiation-loaded materials are firmly embedded in the matrix with the admixed additives.
  • the method is furthermore preferred, in which the process can process the following residues: liquid, solid and slightly radiation-contaminated residues, metal-containing residues (such as filters and filter cartridges of heart-lung and dialysis machines, which for the most part consist of metal and ceramic sieves, needles, sharp-edged objects and other related materials), residues from cotton, synthetic and other fibers, rubber and plastic components, residues from chemotherapy, other pharmaceutical residues, waste from laboratories (for example blood vessels), residues of chemicals (for example xylene, benzene, toluene), waste medicines, tissues and surgical waste as well as generally infectious residues.
  • metal-containing residues such as filters and filter cartridges of heart-lung and dialysis machines, which for the most part consist of metal and ceramic sieves, needles, sharp-edged objects and other related materials
  • Also preferred according to the invention is the process in which chemically highly reactive, strongly oxidizing and germicidal conditions are created which strongly decompose organic components (for example tissue, blood and blood plasma) and chemical compounds and have a killing effect on living organisms; chemical-biological efficiency is aided by an upstream mechanical disruption and comminution technique that provides controlled control of a desired maximum particle size to increase the surface area of the material and facilitate the attack of chemical additives, with the chemical heat of reaction additionally supporting the germicidal effect;
  • the combined mechanical-chemical process results in a sterile end-product that no longer reflects its origin.
  • the method is also preferred in which the physico-chemical process produces a chemically inert, biologically sterile and harmless from its appearance material according to laboratory analyzes, as a secondary raw material by adding normal cement, bentonite, lime, mortar binder , various adhesives, resin binders or other cementitious Binders can be used for the production of building materials.
  • the process is also still preferred, in which the process uses only those additives or aggregates which are widely available, in their concentration not toxic or more dangerous than the residues and residues to be neutralized and converted and are not direct in their used form or indirect hazards or risks to personnel and the environment.
  • the process is also still preferred, in which the process also degrades organic nitrogen compounds, such as, for example, proteins, which also include BSE-inducing prions, which are predominantly found in animal brains and bone marrow and are considered to be the source of BSE and related diseases.
  • organic nitrogen compounds such as, for example, proteins, which also include BSE-inducing prions, which are predominantly found in animal brains and bone marrow and are considered to be the source of BSE and related diseases.
  • the treated material is then incorporated into the pressure-formed, thereby high-density polymer matrix, which is resistant to ultraviolet and infrared radiation and acids and bases resistant, fire-resistant, water-repellent and mechanically highly resilient and does not provide a breeding ground for microbial germs.
  • the process is preferably carried out at moderate temperatures without external heat, increased only by the mechanical friction and chemical reaction heat.
  • the entire process can be left behind and emis- and, unlike incineration and roasting technologies, is preferably a flameless process.
  • the process preferably ends in a homogenization step which produces an inert, uniform mass from the introduced mixed residues, whose original origin can not be recognized and which represents a raw material which can be used for various products and applications can be reused in a manner harmless to humans and the environment.
  • FIG 1 “Storage and mixing tanks for additives, flow diagram” (Schematic representation, cross-sectional view) Mobile compact system, in particular the loading, mixing and storage stations and injection quantity measuring systems are shown for the liquid additives.
  • FIG. 2 “shredder and mixing station, flow chart,” (Schematic representation, cross-sectional view) flow chart for additives and solid waste, which are shown in particular: feed station (elevator), liquid, gas and solid station, liquid injection and gas injection station, shredder station with integrated hopper and directly below mixer station, dry additive Storage with supply system to the mixer, special additive mixing station for adding additives to the process for slightly radiation-contaminated waste.
  • feed station Elevator
  • liquid, gas and solid station liquid injection and gas injection station
  • shredder station with integrated hopper and directly below mixer station
  • dry additive Storage with supply system to the mixer
  • special additive mixing station for adding additives to the process for slightly radiation-contaminated waste.
  • FIG 2a "shredder and mixing station, flow diagram” (Schematic representation, cross-sectional view) detail view of Figure 2, wherein in particular the upper operator's room is shown with hopper and shredder unit.
  • Figure 3 "Overall plant, longitudinal section”: Schematic representation and longitudinal section view of a mobile plant and material flow diagram of the liquid additives and solid waste compact system with automatic control for continuous process, which is made possible by a dual mixer system.
  • Figure 3a "Task Systems”: Schematic representation and cross-sectional view (at right angles to the main axis of the system, rear end section) of a compact system with automatic control for continuous process.
  • FIG. 4 Exhaust air purification system with wet cleaner (Schematic representation, cross-sectional view) flow diagram of the air and wet-cleaning liquid of a compact system.
  • the schematic and the flow chart show the operation of the entire wet scrubber system including the air scrubber, the bubble system, the ozone task and the air and water or wet liquid reactivation by means of UV and infrared reactivators.
  • the process for processing such materials of different hazard or hazard classes has been tested and proven and works free of emissions, odors and residues.
  • the process can handle all types of wastes and remains produced by hospitals, doctors and dental practices or clinics, health care centers, funeral homes, morgues, agricultural testing facilities, biochemical and chemical laboratories, and pharmaceutical, biological, microbiological, biochemical and related industries ,
  • the process can process remnants in liquid, solid, pasty, powdery, fibrous, gaseous and slightly contaminated forms.
  • the residues to be processed are typically composed of blood, tissue, body parts, bandages, diapers, cotton, textiles, bandages, plastics, rubber, hypodermic needles, sharp objects, dextrose residues, contaminated blood containers, various chemical residues (for example xylene, benzene, alcohols and other organic and inorganic substances), X-ray films, surgical waste in general, batteries, workshop waste (such as oil, fats, paints, thinners, solvents), alt-drugs and pharmaceutical residues (such as fluids and drugs, narcotics, infectious material in general, biological crops), insecticides, pesticides, prion-containing tissues (PrP, BSE, from contaminated slaughterhouse waste), infectious and cross-contaminated faeces and sludges, residues and residues contaminated with heavy metals and other household and kitchen waste.
  • various chemical residues for example xylene
  • the process is designed to unsorted incoming materials and regardless of their consistency and chemical composition, including steel or stainless steel parts with a diameter of less than 25 mm and transferred to the shredding system for shredding (output at least 20 hp).
  • the continuous physical, chemical and biological tests (using standard methods only in the European Union and in the United States of America) show that no toxic, infectious, dangerous or hazardous substances or germs can be mobilized from the final material; The process can therefore be termed the sterilization neutralization and detoxification process.
  • the final material is inert and earth-dry in consistency, with no unpleasant odors or fumes, extinguishing, heat and fire-proof, and without any possibility of recognizing its origin.
  • the materials and reagents used for neutralization and sterilization are free and widely available on the market and do not present any particular problems or risks during transport, storage and handling. All required mixtures and concentrations of reagents to be adjusted are prepared in a separate additive mixing station.
  • Hydrogen peroxide is used in technical grade as an aqueous solution with a concentration of 5-50%, preferably with a concentration of 5%.
  • the mixing tank no. 2 (Fig. 1: Figure 1 (only one tank dargestelllt), Fig. 3: Figure Ia) with integrated circulation and medium transfer system (pump) (Fig : Numeral 2, 12, 13, 14, Fig. 3: numeral 2a) and outlet lines to the mixer and the storage tank (Fig. 1: 3) used.
  • the system of H 2 O 2 mixing, storage and charging units described above is constructed as an independent circuit (FIG. 3: point Ia, FIG. Mixing tank 2, number 1 mixing tank 1).
  • 3% technical hydrochloric acid (hydrochloric acid, HCl) is stirred into the dilute H 2 O 2 solution.
  • the mixing ratio is between 2 and 7% by volume, preferably 3% by volume of HCl.
  • This mixed solution is placed in a specially marked storage tank (Fig. 1: 3) with integrated level control (Fig. 1: 4) and
  • H 2 O 2 acts directly as an oxidant, serves as a source of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals, and kills existing organisms (e.g., larvae) and microorganisms such as spores, germs, sponges, fungi, coliforms, yeast bacteria, tubercle bacilli, and others to the species the microorgan pathogens and toxins of aerobic and anaerobic character. It also degrades proteins, enzymes and other organic nitrogen compounds, including prions (Jacob-Creutzfeldt disease, mad cow disease (BSE)). Research in recent years have shown that proteins, enzymes and organic nitrogen compounds were as good degraded by chemical treatment at least as measured by combustion (1000 0 C) (see "National and international laboratory testing and analysis" in the appendix).
  • the mixture of H 2 O 2 and HCl decomposes organic components (for example blood or tissue parts), chemically degrades, for example, xylene, toluene, phenol and oxidizes heavy metals into their higher-value oxides.
  • organic components for example blood or tissue parts
  • chemically degrades for example, xylene, toluene, phenol
  • oxidizes heavy metals into their higher-value oxides are already take place in the shredder chamber during the mechanical treatment.
  • the shredding chamber is continuously supplied with ozone (O 3 ).
  • nitrogen (N 2 ) is used as protective and inert gas.
  • Ozone is used as gas and generated directly in its own generator, because it is very unstable and decomposes to oxygen after a short time. It is blown into the reaction space in a continuous stream of air.
  • the gas has a strong oxidizing effect on many chemical substances (with functional groups) such as, for example, olefins, alcohols, carbonyl compounds, halogen compounds, amines and, in particular, on proteins, killing cell and tissue material or structures and on biological germs and microorganisms.
  • chemical substances such as, for example, olefins, alcohols, carbonyl compounds, halogen compounds, amines and, in particular, on proteins, killing cell and tissue material or structures and on biological germs and microorganisms.
  • Nitrogen is an inert gas and acts as a shielding gas against fire or explosion or dust explosion during the shredding process.
  • Ferric chloride is used as an aqueous solution and can be obtained in solid form as iron (III) chloride hexahydrate and as a more highly concentrated solution (50% strength) in industrial grade.
  • the range of dilution of FeCl 3 with water for its use as an additive in this process can be adjusted to a concentration between 5 and 50%. Ideally, a concentration of 7% is used.
  • a 3% aqueous sugar solution is added 2-7, preferably 5% by volume of a 3% aqueous sugar solution.
  • This can be low-value industrial sugar, molasses or other saccharides or polysaccharides are used.
  • FeCl 3 is used in many areas of environmental technology and is often used in the field of wastewater treatment as a reagent and flocculant. Partly also works with mixtures of FeCl 3 and FeCl 2 . It is corrosive and reacts violently with the additive introduced in step 1.
  • the FeCl 3 -sugar mixture is mixed at the mixing station in mixing tank no. 1 (FIG. 3: number 1) with integrated circulation (stirrer) and medium transfer system (pumps) (FIG. 1: number 2, 12, 13, 14, FIG. Mixing tank) and outlet lines to the mixer and the storage tank (Fig. 1: 3) formulated.
  • FOG. 3 number 1
  • Pumps medium transfer system
  • FeCl 3 is kept separate from the H 2 O 2 - leading system.
  • the FeCl 3 mixed solution is placed in a specially marked storage tank ( Figure 1: Figure 3 (only one tank shown) with integrated liquid volume control (Figure 1: Figure 4), media circulation (pump, blower) (Figure 1: Figure 9). 14, 15)
  • the liquid injection quantity is measured and controlled using a visual level control measuring tank and mechanical (gravity) overflow control (Fig. 1: 5, 6) .
  • the tank is directly (Fig.
  • the pretreated mixture from the shredder is gravity fed into the current mixer (Fig. 1 & 2 u. 2a: 20) and then the FeCl 3 additive is added.
  • FeCl 3 reacts vigorously and exothermically with the mixture of H 2 O 2 and HCl still active in the reaction mixture, and intermediately highly reactive intermediates such as hydroxyl radicals form, which react particularly strongly with organic compounds and oxidatively degrade them. Just as much metals and metal compounds are attacked. Metals and heavy metals are converted to their most stable oxidation states and eventually mineralized.
  • FeCl 3 provides improved results compared to FeCl 2.
  • FeCl 3 is easier to handle and store (FeCl 2 is oxidized to FeCl 3 by air oxygen) and cheaper to obtain.
  • the sugar used in the process has been empirically proven to be more reactive in the course of the tests.
  • Excess FeCl 3 is later in the course by addition of sodium hydroxide to iron hydroxide Fe (OH) 3 , which then acts coagulant in its precipitation and acts as a flocculant.
  • an essential aspect of the invention is to create a chemical-physical environment in the process flow to safely and comprehensively treat the large and in detail mostly unknown variety of substances and ingredients in the waste and, above all, to reduce the toxic and hazardous substances and convert them into harmless substances and then fix them.
  • the iron hydroxide which precipitates from excess iron (III) chloride in basic and the aluminum sulfate Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 described below act as coagulants to which, above all, metal oxides and other mineral constituents are bound. This is to ensure that no pollutants can return to the biosphere via normal processes.
  • An additional criterion is that after completion of the process, the material obtained has a quality that allows suitable further processing to the end product.
  • Aluminum sulfate (also alum cake) is widely used as a flocculant such as in wastewater treatment plants. It is very easily water-soluble and commercially available as a basic chemical in solid form. In the process, it can be used as an aqueous solution in the concentration range between 1.5 and 50 wt.%. The preferred concentration is 5% by weight. It has been empirically proven that an addition of 5% by volume of propanol (C 3 H 7 OH) or isopropanol (iC 3 H 7 OH; "Alcohol for external application”) to the aqueous aluminum sulfate solution improves the subsequent precipitation process impact.
  • the aluminum sulfate itself serves as an additional coagulating and flocculating agent. In the acidic medium, it remains initially dissolved, but precipitates in the same way as iron (III) in the basic, wherein mineral substances are bound and precipitated with.
  • the precipitated material constitutes an amorphous framework, which later optimally integrates into the overall matrix in the further processing process and thereby immobilizes the stored substances.
  • the mixture of aluminum sulphate and alcohol in the mixing station in the mixing tank no. 1 ( Figure 3: Figure 1) with integrated circulation (stirrer) and medium transfer system (pumps) (Fig. 1: 2, 12, 13, 14, mixing tank ) and outlet lines to the mixer and the storage tank (Fig. 1: 3) formulated.
  • the mixed solution is placed in a specially marked storage tank (Fig. 1: 3) (only one tank shown) with integrated liquid volume control (Fig. 1: 4), media circulation (pump, blower) (Fig 1: Number 9, 14, 15 ).
  • the amount of liquid injection is measured and controlled using a visual level control and mechanical (gravity) spill control (Fig. 1: 5, 6) measuring tank.
  • the tank is connected directly to the mixer (Fig. 1 no. 25).
  • the further chemical treatment takes place in the mixer, which is mounted below the shredder system (Fig. I and 2 and 2a: paragraph 20).
  • the additive is added to the mixer via an independent pump, via air pressure or, as shown in the diagram (FIG. 1: number 5, 24, 25), via gravity feed.
  • the feeding of the additive to the mixer (FIG. 1: number 5, 20) is carried out centrally from the operator control room.
  • Sodium hydroxide NaOH
  • Sodium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) is a corrosive and highly corrosive compound that dissolves very easily in water and has a strong alkaline effect. It is commercially available in solid and dissolved form in wide concentration ranges.
  • the chemical treatment process is terminated.
  • the final pH of the is adjusted to pH 9.
  • the sodium hydroxide solution is mixed in the mixing tank No. 1 (Fig. 3: No. 1) with integrated circulation (stirrer) and medium transfer system (pump) (Fig. 1: 2, 12, 13, 14, mixing tank ) and outlet lines to the mixer and the storage tank (Fig. 1: 3) formulated.
  • the sodium hydroxide solution is added to the mixer via an independent pump, via air pressure or, as shown in the diagram (FIG. 1: number 5, 24, 25), via gravity feed.
  • the feeding of the additive to the mixer (FIG. 1 : number 5, 20) is carried out centrally from the operator control room.
  • the mixing time after addition of the described chemical additives is preferably 15 minutes in total in the mixer.
  • the total mixing time depends on the concentration of the additives used. At a lower concentration, a longer mixing time (chemical contact time or reaction time) is required than when using higher concentrations.
  • Caution A higher or higher concentration leads to a higher temperature, to increased gas and vapor formation, which must be absorbed by the wet scrubber.
  • the specified mixing time is based on the concentrations recommended above.
  • slaked lime Ca (OH) 2
  • the lime is produced from a silo (FIGS. 2 and 3: number 4; FIGS. 2a and 3a number 4, 4a) by means of a conveyor system (FIGS. 2 and 2a and 3: number 14) into the rotating mixer (FIG 2, 2a and 3 and 3a: number 20).
  • the amount to be introduced is 10% by volume of the volume of material treated; when using a mixture of lime and slaked lime, it is possible to work with 8% by volume and in the case of pure slaked lime with 5% by volume. After addition, mix for 5 minutes before finally adding the binder.
  • Cement serves as a binder for the production of concrete as a raw product from which various molded parts can be produced by further processing.
  • Portland cement is generally used, but other types can be used as desired.
  • binders can also be used, for example bentonite, mortar, adhesives or mixtures thereof, as required.
  • the cement is introduced into the mixer over the same distance as the lime. After addition, stirring is continued for about 5 minutes in the mixer before the concrete is then discharged.
  • additives such as plasticizers, water repellents, color pigments, etc.
  • the amount of cement depends on the desired concrete quality, which depends on the type of final product to be produced. For example, to produce standard blocks for secondary use or for safe disposal in a landfill, the mixture is spiked with 0.8 kilograms per 20 kilograms of treated material. Tests have shown that any products can be produced from the raw concrete produced: this includes building material elements for interior as well as exterior construction. However, for ethical reasons, it is recommended that only products for outdoor use, such as landscaping or consolidating slope protection elements, fence panels, paving slabs or curbs be made. In order to prove the durability of these materials, the following products were manufactured: hollow blocks, water-based stucco with acid-resistant and color-stable properties, floor plates for landfill coverings, sewer pipes, channel elements, fasteners and bricks and paving stones.
  • the additives are supplied to the wastes to be treated in the manner and sequence given above and in the concentrations and dosages specified there. Together with the iron (III) chloride solution, the special additive is added to the mixer. It is dosed so that each kilogram of waste about 0.2 1 additive is added.
  • the special additive consists of Cu 2 SO 4 , MgSO 4 , MgO, Fe 2 O 3 , Cu 2 O and I 2 in water.
  • 0.5 to 5 l, preferably 1 l of powdered Cu 2 SO 4 and MgSO 4 are dissolved in 10 l of water.
  • This solution is a mixture of equal amounts of iodine and the above specified metal oxides with 3 to max. 20%, preferably 7% of the volume of the sulfate solution added and slurried.
  • a mixing time of preferably 20 minutes is required before adjusting to a pH of about 10-12 by adding caustic soda solution, which is necessary for subsequent production of the particular polymer matrix.
  • the polymer matrix resembles a polyurethane foam in its behavior and appearance. In contrast to polyurethane, it is not produced using highly toxic isocyanate, but instead from the harmless substances sugar (glucose, C 5 Hi 2 O 6 ) and propanol (C 3 H 7 OH) or isopropanol UC 3 H 7 OH).
  • component B Volume of a polyurethane used for polyurethane production conventionally used (component B) and stirred thoroughly. After some time, reaction starts with foaming.
  • the material must be placed in a variable mold and subjected to a pressure of at least 1,500, better 2500 pounds per square inch (psi). After the reaction time of approximately 10 minutes under pressure, the
  • Material will be taken out of the mold and will rest for another hour to final cure. sen. Subsequently, the material is cured and can be spent accordingly.
  • Hopper and shredder form a coherent system with multiple input ports ( Figures 2 and 2a: numbers 1, 2, 3, 9) for supplying the liquid additives and gases.
  • the system is connected to the integrated air, dust, steam and gas control system with wet scrubber (Fig. 4: numbers 1, 3).
  • the shredder outlet is located directly above the mixer ( Figures 2 and 2a: Item 20) and the material grain size is defined by an exchangeable perforated screen.
  • FIG. 2 figure 12
  • This is an integrated stirrer system with all necessary connections for chemicals and aggregates needed for pretreatment of the liquid wastes before being sent via an injection system ( Figures 2 and 2a: point 9) , 10, 11, 12) are injected directly into the shredder filling funnel or into the mixer ( Figures 2 and 2a: Item 20). The decision on where the injection takes place depends on the pre-neutralized material.
  • the mixer picks up the pre-reacted material from the shredder for final treatment.
  • the mixer is at the additive or chemical station (Fig.
  • twin-chamber silo storage tanks located above the mixer. The dry or
  • the feeding of the silos can be done manually or by means of a conveyor system.
  • the sterilized and neutralized material is discharged from the mixer by means of an outlet screw conveyor (Fig. 2: Item 15).
  • the material can then be further processed as a secondary raw material.
  • the mixing station for the additives consists of two identical but separate systems to ensure separation of H 2 O 2 from all other additives, especially FeCl 3 .
  • Each system consists of mixing tank, stirrer, pumps and connections to chemical tanks, wet scrubbers, water inlet and storage tanks.
  • H 2 O 2 is passed through the entire system separately via its own piping system, its own storage tank and its own mixing and injection station (Fig. 1: 3, 4, 5, 6, 24, 25).
  • the system is used for air purification and air control. It is designed according to the wet scrubber principle, which is activated by two blower units (FIG. 4: FIG. Number 1, 3).
  • the wet scrubber works with negative pressure, but due to its construction, it also ensures its safe function in the event of overpressure, in order to increase the pressure in the event of strong reactions with gas or vapor.
  • the wet cleaning system is connected to all important parts of the system where exhaust air problems could arise. It is a self-contained and circulating system.
  • the wet scrubber has its own integrated air and water or liquid reactivation and control systems.
  • ozone is continuously injected into the wet scrubber liquid and the circulated air flows through an air scrubber before entering the wet scrubber chamber.
  • the discharged air and the discharged, continuously circulating wet-cleaning water are conducted via UV stations operating independently of one another (FIG. 4: points 9, 10).
  • the air passes through an activated carbon filter station (Figure 4: Figure 4) before reentering the system and the wet scrubber water is returned to the scrubber chamber.
  • the system is equipped with an independent pressurized fresh water system (Fig. 1 and 2: Numbers 21, 22, 23) in order to be able to operate the emergency shower with integrated eyewash and full body shower system.
  • the fresh water system acts as a process and reaction emergency shutdown. That is why the fresh water system is connected to all equipment and facilities where chemical reactions take place.
  • the system is also equipped with a dark ultraviolet system and germicidal lamps.
  • the lamps are installed in every room and every chamber.
  • the lamps are concealed as they are mounted between two ceilings (Fig. 3a: numbers 1, 2, 7, 8) with separate service openings and integrated airflow.
  • the UV and germicidal lamps are only switched on during standstill and switched off again at least one hour before the start of operation. Only in the processing departments, where nobody is allowed to stand during operation, the lights are permanently switched on.
  • Each room and chamber is connected to an intercom system to ensure unrestricted communication during operation and maintenance.
  • Additional controls include the visual flow direction control system, pH and process reaction temperature controls, visual control of additive levels in the storage tanks and sample tanks, and visual and pH control on the wet scrubber with integrated color coding to estimate which Time the wet cleaning liquid needs to be replaced.
  • the exchanged wet scrubber liquid is introduced into a process residual water tank and reused in and during the continuous treatment process as fresh water substitute.
  • the delivered waste can be inspected and tested for radiation and larger metal parts in addition to the standardized incoming inspection.
  • Certain sections of the system are color-coded and only personnel with the corresponding color code may enter the section concerned.
  • Additive mixing tank with line connections 2. Transfer system with filling line system,
  • Air extraction system combined with exhaust air cleaning
  • Circulation pump with piping system for filling, mixing circuit and process feed
  • Mixer discharge system 16.
  • mixing tank 1 for additives Ia mixing tank 2 for additives
  • UV system for air purification (bacteria control) 10. Wet cleaner application system 11. UV system for water purification

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de traitement de déchets contenant des résidus toxiques, infectieux et/ou légèrement irradiés, contenant des résidus de différents types et de différentes classes de toxicité, tels que par ex. des déchets ménagers périssables, des micro-organismes, des médicaments, des narcotiques, des insecticides, des pesticides, des déchets d'abattoir, des tissus contaminés par des prions (PrP, ESB), des matières fécales et des boues infectieuses et à contamination croisée, des boues de fosses septiques, et des substances à métaux lourds. Le procédé est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une étape physique de réduction, notamment de broyage, destinée à réduire le volume des déchets et à augmenter la surface totale des déchets, et une étape chimique d'addition progressive d'additifs dans des conditions contrôlées, destinée à attaquer chimiquement les déchets. L'invention concerne également un dispositif destiné à la mise en oeuvre du procédé.
PCT/EP2005/011673 2005-11-02 2005-11-02 Procede et dispositif de traitement de dechets contenant des substances toxiques Ceased WO2007051479A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2005/011673 WO2007051479A1 (fr) 2005-11-02 2005-11-02 Procede et dispositif de traitement de dechets contenant des substances toxiques

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PCT/EP2005/011673 WO2007051479A1 (fr) 2005-11-02 2005-11-02 Procede et dispositif de traitement de dechets contenant des substances toxiques

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103071180A (zh) * 2013-01-11 2013-05-01 李书安 生活垃圾处理的消毒方法
CN111704340A (zh) * 2020-07-17 2020-09-25 陶长龙 一种地埋式医废四站合一净化处理装置
USD968640S1 (en) 2018-12-27 2022-11-01 Stryker Corporation Pharmaceutical waste disposal assembly
DE102016116575B4 (de) 2016-05-30 2023-12-21 Samir Basha Eskander Integriertes System und Verfahren zur Bearbeitung von infektiös belastetem, medizinischem Abfall

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0549932A1 (fr) * 1991-12-20 1993-07-07 Jeney, Peter Produit disposable écologiquement neutre sur la base de déchets à utiliser comme matériau de construction
WO1993025329A1 (fr) * 1992-06-09 1993-12-23 Matrix Technology Pty. Ltd. Traitement des detritus en vue de leur elimination
US5630785A (en) * 1995-03-15 1997-05-20 Hydromex Inc. Process for the treatment of waste products
WO1999042382A1 (fr) * 1998-02-18 1999-08-26 Rocky Mountain Remediation Services, L.L.C. Procede de traitement de dechets et de preparation de materiaux de construction avec les dechets
US6291736B1 (en) * 1990-03-16 2001-09-18 Sevenson Environmental Services, Inc. Reduction of leachability and solubility of radionuclides and radioactive substances in contaminated soils and materials

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6291736B1 (en) * 1990-03-16 2001-09-18 Sevenson Environmental Services, Inc. Reduction of leachability and solubility of radionuclides and radioactive substances in contaminated soils and materials
EP0549932A1 (fr) * 1991-12-20 1993-07-07 Jeney, Peter Produit disposable écologiquement neutre sur la base de déchets à utiliser comme matériau de construction
WO1993025329A1 (fr) * 1992-06-09 1993-12-23 Matrix Technology Pty. Ltd. Traitement des detritus en vue de leur elimination
US5630785A (en) * 1995-03-15 1997-05-20 Hydromex Inc. Process for the treatment of waste products
WO1999042382A1 (fr) * 1998-02-18 1999-08-26 Rocky Mountain Remediation Services, L.L.C. Procede de traitement de dechets et de preparation de materiaux de construction avec les dechets

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103071180A (zh) * 2013-01-11 2013-05-01 李书安 生活垃圾处理的消毒方法
DE102016116575B4 (de) 2016-05-30 2023-12-21 Samir Basha Eskander Integriertes System und Verfahren zur Bearbeitung von infektiös belastetem, medizinischem Abfall
USD968640S1 (en) 2018-12-27 2022-11-01 Stryker Corporation Pharmaceutical waste disposal assembly
CN111704340A (zh) * 2020-07-17 2020-09-25 陶长龙 一种地埋式医废四站合一净化处理装置

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