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WO2007043879A1 - Appareil de purification d'eau et procede pour son utilisation - Google Patents

Appareil de purification d'eau et procede pour son utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007043879A1
WO2007043879A1 PCT/NL2006/050231 NL2006050231W WO2007043879A1 WO 2007043879 A1 WO2007043879 A1 WO 2007043879A1 NL 2006050231 W NL2006050231 W NL 2006050231W WO 2007043879 A1 WO2007043879 A1 WO 2007043879A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure pipe
water
membrane modules
pressure
concentrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/NL2006/050231
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Leo Peter Wessels
Sebastiaan Gerard Jozef Heijman
Emile Robin Cornelissen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KIWA WATER RESEARCH BV
Original Assignee
KIWA WATER RESEARCH BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KIWA WATER RESEARCH BV filed Critical KIWA WATER RESEARCH BV
Publication of WO2007043879A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007043879A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/10—Testing of membranes or membrane apparatus; Detecting or repairing leaks
    • B01D65/109—Testing of membrane fouling or clogging, e.g. amount or affinity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/10—Spiral-wound membrane modules
    • B01D63/12—Spiral-wound membrane modules comprising multiple spiral-wound assemblies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/04—Backflushing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/18—Use of gases
    • B01D2321/185—Aeration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus for the purification, in particular the desalination of a liquid, more specifically water, using a pressure pipe and spiral-wound membrane module.
  • the invention further relates to a method for the purification, in particular the desalination of a liquid in an apparatus, wherein the liquid to be filtered is fed to a pressure pipe.
  • the Dutch patent NL 1019130 describes an apparatus comprising one or more vertically disposed pressure pipes in witch one single spiral-wound nanofiltration or hyperfiltra- tion membrane is provided per pressure pipe so that the pre- purification necessary is only minimal.
  • This pre-purification may consist of microsieving and quick-run filtration.
  • An essential aspect is that the pressure pipes containing the spiral-wound membranes are disposed vertically in the direction of the longitudinal axes, and always the following operational steps are alternated:
  • the floating substances, solid particles, bacteria, viruses and solutes, such as salts, dissolved organic matter, pesticides and the like are removed simultaneously by using at least one single vertically disposed pressure pipe containing one spiral-wound nanofiltration or hy- perfiltration membrane (1 or 1,5 m length) per pressure pipe. To this end the following steps are repeated:
  • Spiral-wound membranes are known to be very suscep- tible to fouling. This is mainly fouling as a result of scaling (deposit of salt on the membrane) , biofouling ⁇ growth of biomass, which may clog the feed channels) and organic fouling (organic material being adsorbed to the membrane) .
  • the deposited particles cause clogging of the feed spaces between the membranes, while particular nutrients in the feed water may induce the growth of biomass.
  • This biomass grows between the spacer and is able to adhere very strongly to everything. The result of one thing and another is that the biomass is very difficult to remove. Scaling is prevented by adjusting to a lower output
  • 'Staging' is understood to mean that the passage through the purification process occurs in suc- cessive steps, wherein one step entails the passage through one or several parallel disposed pressure pipes. 'Staging' serves to realise a proper flow over the membranes at the feed side.
  • Biofouling is prevented by (periodically or con- tinuously) supplying bacterocides or by periodically cleaning with chemicals, or by extensive pre-purification or a combination of these.
  • Organic fouling can only be prevented by choosing a suitable membrane or by chemical control .
  • Chemical cleaning involves a permeate stream (usually heated to 30 - 50 0 C) flowing over the membrane. To this the cleaning chemicals are added. The liquid is flushed over the membrane at the feed side and after flowing through the membranes (in practice for example 6 or 7, connected in series), it returns to a tank. It is therefor a case of recirculation, with the fouling from the first membrane module flowing through the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth module before returning into the purification tank.
  • At least one of the above mentioned objects is achieved with an apparatus for the purification, in particular the desalination of a liquid, more specifically water, by using a pressure pipe and a spiral-wound membrane module, characterised in that in the pressure pipe a plurality of standard spiral-wound membrane modules are provided, arranged in parallel.
  • the invention further relates to a method for the purification, in particular the desalination of a liquid in an apparatus, wherein the liquid to be filtered is fed to a pressure pipe, characterised in that the liquid to be filtered is fed through at least two membrane elements placed in parallel in the pressure pipe so as to form a concentrate stream and a filtrate stream, and that the membrane modules can be cleaned hydraulically by reversing the flow with re- spect to the flow during operation.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a pressure pipe 1 according to the invention, comprising membranes 2 that are disposed parallel in relation to each other.
  • Figure 1 further shows the feed pipes 11 the central permeate tubes 6 in the membrane modules, and the concentrate outlet pipe 15.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic longitudinal side view of an embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention, comprising a pressure pipe 1 provided at both sides with a flange 20, 21. Only one spiral-wound membrane module 2 is shown.
  • the pressure pipe possesses a top lid 3 and a bottom lid 4, attached to the respective sides of the pressure pipe by means of fixing means 17.
  • the lids are fixed in relation to each other by means of the concentrate outlet pipe 15 and/or by way of the tie rod (not shown) extending through the lids, so as to distribute the pressure to be absorbed by the lids.
  • the top lid 3 and bottom lid 4 are connected with the concentrate outlet pipe 15 via fixing means 16.
  • the permeate tubes 6 provided centrally in each membrane module are closed off in the bottom plate by means of a closure 7, and fixed to the top lid 3 by means of interconnector 8.
  • the membrane modules are at the topside in open communication with feed pipes 11, through which the water to be purified is fed into the pressure pipe.
  • the membrane modules are via concentrate collecting space 12, defined by bottom lid 4 and sealing plate 13 and via concentrate outlet openings 14 in open communication with concentrate outlet pipe 15, which is sealed at its bottom side 19 and via which the concentrate leaves the pressure pipe.
  • concentrate collecting space 12 defined by bottom lid 4 and sealing plate 13
  • concentrate outlet openings 14 in open communication with concentrate outlet pipe 15, which is sealed at its bottom side 19 and via which the concentrate leaves the pressure pipe.
  • an inlet pipe 5 for air is provided extending into the concentrate collecting space 12 to facilitate hydraulic flushing of the membrane modules with water and air.
  • a plurality of such pressure pipes is then serially arranged in succession to realise the necessary 'staging'.
  • the apparatus according to the invention does not use, for example, 2 'stages' in series with pressure pipes of 6 or 7 meter length, in which several membranes are placed in series one behind the other, but rather membranes connected in parallel within a pressure pipe, more advantages are gained.
  • the hydraulic design reaches maximum flexibility.
  • the new pressure pipe makes it possible to realise a more optimal 'staging 1 . This keeps the hydraulic losses over the feed channels to a minimum and realises the maximally possible flux from the membranes.
  • NF or RO low-fouling membranes, different makes etc.
  • the MTC Mass Transport Coefficient, a measure for the membrane's permeability
  • scaling in the last 'stage' can be detected sooner and organic fouling can also be detected more accurately.
  • monitoring of the increase of pressure over the feed channels is also improved. In this way the occur- rence of biofouling can be detected sooner and the change of the pressure as a result of biofouling can also be monitored more easily.
  • parallel connection of the membranes in the new pressure vessels with one permeate discharge per individual membrane module also provides the possibility of online determining for each membrane the integrity and age- ing.
  • the electric conductivity (EC) or the sulphate content or another indicator parameter can be measured. Comparing these parameters provides a good control with respect to the density and retention of the membrane, whether there are any leaks.
  • the respective membrane module can be found more quickly with the aid of electric conductivity (EC) measurements, but may also simply be taken out of operation by disconnecting and closing off the permeate discharge. Once dis- connection and closing off have taken place, the pressure pipe with the remaining modules may resume operation. However, these manoeuvres do require high-pressure piping and high-pressure valves in the permeate discharges.
  • Per pressure pipe all the modules can be tested for leakage/density by means of a vacuum test without having to dismantle the membranes.
  • the pressure pipes according to the prior art require for this purpose that all the modules are removed from the pressure pipes and that each individual membrane is subjected to the vacuum test in a test unit built especially for the purpose.
  • the parallel connection of the membrane modules in accordance with the present invention affords the possibility of selectively cleaning per stage.
  • the first stage may, for example, be cleaned more frequently in order to prevent the biofouling from penetrating further into the installation.
  • the dead biomass can be flushed out more easily, without simultaneously rinsing through other membranes, which in this way might become fouled with organic rest material, which at a later stage could induce more serious biofouling.
  • Selective cleaning is possible over the last modules in the 'staging' (susceptible to scaling) and for the removal of organic fouling.
  • Selective cleaning limits the consumption of water and chemicals, which also provides an economic advan- tage.
  • the suitable chemicals and cleaning methods can be applied at the appropriate place and time.
  • the distribution of water over the membrane modules is better due to less complex piping (feed pipes distribute the water more evenly over, for example, three large streams than over 12 smaller ones) .
  • the set-up (monitoring, cleaning, etc) of the apparatus and method according to the invention is easier to control (more flexible) , the production of water with such an apparatus is also more energy efficient.
  • the pressure pipe needs to be made of sufficiently strong material because it has to withstand pressures of 3 bars, with nanofiltration, to 80 bars, with seawater filtration. Suitable materials are glass-fibre reinforced plastic (GRP) , or steel (stainless steel or Rilsan-coated steel) . However, other materials may also be used. GRP is generally available in a 30-bars pressure category up to 1400 mm 0. Larger diameters and/or higher pressure categories are available as special products.
  • the pressure pipe preferably has a diameter of approximately 600 mm to 2000 mm so as to allow room for the membranes with a diameter of 8 - 20 inches (20.3 - 50.8 cm), but larger diameters also fall within the scope of the invention. In the present-day prior art, a much-used diameter for membrane modules is 8 inches. A trend has recently started wherein membrane modules with a larger diameter are being developed.
  • the pressure pipes may be disposed horizontally and vertically.
  • the vertical orientation is preferred because in that case it is possible to clean hydraulically with an air-water mixture.
  • This embodiment also allows the apparatus to be vented and drained and it is easier to build in and remove membrane modules.
  • the apparatus according to the invention comprises much less 'air' in the stacks than the apparatus according to the prior art and there is much less (small-scale) connecting work needed.
  • the footprint of the apparatus is comparable to the prior art, the amount of piping (and thus man-hours during construction) is much less, so that the total space required is less.
  • the present invention only requires a simple pre-purification because particles and biofouling can be removed more easily and therefor cause fewer problems. This makes the apparatus according to the invention significantly cheaper.
  • a further advantage is the excellent ability to flow over the exterior of the membrane elements, so that their exterior can be cleaned very conveniently.
  • the method according to the invention is suitably realised in the apparatus as shown in the figures. It is, for example, possible to filter saltwater.
  • the water to be purified is fed into a pressure pipe 1 provided at both sides with a flange and with top lid 3 and bottom lids 4 fastened to the flanges 20, 21. Said lids are in relation to each other fixed by means of concentrate outlet pipe 15 and/or by means of tie-rods extending through the pressure pipe.
  • Via feed pipes 11 the water to be purified enters the collecting space 9 defined by the top lid 3 and a fastening plate 10.
  • Via collecting space 9 the feed pipes 11 are in open communi- cation with several spiral wound parallel disposed membrane modules 2 through which the water is forced.
  • the purified water subsequently leaves the pressure pipe at the top side via the central permeate tubes 6, which are closed off in the bottom plate by means of a closure 7 and fixed to the top lid 3 by means of interconnector 8.
  • the concentrate leaves the membrane modules at the bottom sides, and arrives in the concentrate collecting space 12 defined by bottom lid 4 and closing plate 13. Via concentrate outlet openings 14 the concentrate is subsequently discharged to concentrate outlet pipe 15, which is closed off at its bottom side 19.
  • the concentrate then leaves the pressure pipe at the top side of the concentrate outlet pipe 15. It appears that in the course of using the method, the membrane modules become more and more fouled. This clogs the spacer of the membrane and purification is more inefficient. In order to solve this problem the fouling deposit is removed, thereby cleaning the membrane modules.
  • the advantage of such a cleaning method is that the air is properly distributed over all the membrane modules, so that a maximum uniformity of cleaning is obtained.
  • the membranes are cleaned by flushing with the ordinary feed water for the installation. This affords the advantage that no extra, already purified water needs to be used, which saves costs and is more convenient in use.
  • the chemical solution preferably comprises copper sulphate or other salts. Copper sulphate works very well for killing micro-organisms and this effectively inhibits the increase of biomass.
  • the chemical solution for cleaning the membranes can be recovered and purified, and subsequently be reused.
  • the recovered chemicals may be concentrated by means of a nanofiltration step or a reverse osmosis step.
  • a further apparatus for the purification of water is known from the Japanese patent specification JP 2001259381, wherein spiral wound membrane modules are arranged in a multi-stage fashion and wherein concentrated water from the membrane module on an front-stage side is used as raw water of the membrane module on a rear-stage side.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil destiné à la purification, en particulier au dessalement d'un liquide, plus spécifiquement de l'eau, à l'aide d'un tuyau sous pression et d'un module à membrane enroulée en spirale. Le tuyau sous pression comporte plusieurs modules à membrane enroulée en spirale disposés en parallèle et son orientation est de préférence verticale. Le matériau du tuyau sous pression est capable de résister à une pression de 3 à 80 bar et est constitué de plastique renforcé de fibre de verre, d'acier inoxydable ou d'acier revêtu de Rilsan, le diamètre du tuyau sous pression étant de 600 à 2000 mm. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de dessalement d'un liquide, de préférence de l'eau, à l'aide de l'appareil de l'invention. Les membranes peuvent être nettoyées par une chasse à l'eau et à l'air.
PCT/NL2006/050231 2005-10-07 2006-09-20 Appareil de purification d'eau et procede pour son utilisation Ceased WO2007043879A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1030142A NL1030142C2 (nl) 2005-10-07 2005-10-07 Inrichting voor het zuiveren van water en werkwijze voor het gebruik ervan.
NL1030142 2005-10-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007043879A1 true WO2007043879A1 (fr) 2007-04-19

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Country Status (2)

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NL (1) NL1030142C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007043879A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011009528A1 (fr) * 2009-07-23 2011-01-27 Khs Gmbh Procédé de nettoyage de structures de filtration d'installations de filtration destinées à filtrer des produits liquides, et installation de filtration
US9034179B2 (en) 2009-02-11 2015-05-19 WE Consult Vianen B.V. Method and device for the purification of an aqueous fluid
US9725344B1 (en) 2014-09-24 2017-08-08 Dow Global Technologies Llc Spiral wound filtration assembly including integral bioreactor
WO2017162745A1 (fr) * 2016-03-23 2017-09-28 Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Support Dispositif de filtration membranaire de liquide sous pression
US10286361B2 (en) 2015-04-16 2019-05-14 Dow Global Technologies Llc Filtration assembly including spiral wound bioreactors and hyperfiltration membrane modules
US10335737B2 (en) 2015-04-16 2019-07-02 Dow Global Technologies Llc Filtration assembly including spiral wound bioreactors and membrane modules positioned in separate pressure vessels
US12097467B2 (en) 2021-01-18 2024-09-24 Ecolab Usa Inc. Systems and techniques for cleaning pressure membrane systems using a water-in-air cleaning stream

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7604657A (en) * 1976-04-29 1977-11-01 Wafilin Bv Cleaning of filtration membranes - by releasing gas dissolved in a liquid under pressure
US4083780A (en) * 1976-07-29 1978-04-11 Envirogenics Systems Company Fluid purification system
NL7905957A (nl) * 1979-08-02 1980-09-30 Wafilin Bv Inrichting voor membraanfiltratie met buitenzijde afvoer.
JPS58161799A (ja) * 1982-03-19 1983-09-26 Nitto Electric Ind Co Ltd 電着塗装用限外濾過モジユ−ルの洗「じよう」液再生方法
US4476015A (en) * 1982-11-02 1984-10-09 V. J. Ciccone & Associates, Inc. Multiple element fluid separation device
EP0584949A1 (fr) * 1992-07-29 1994-03-02 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Boîtier pour multiples éléments de membrane
WO1998023361A1 (fr) * 1996-11-26 1998-06-04 Keefer Bowie Dispositif et procede de dessalement par osmose inverse
JP2001259381A (ja) * 2000-03-23 2001-09-25 Kurita Water Ind Ltd 膜濾過装置
NL1019130C2 (nl) * 2001-10-08 2003-04-09 Waterleiding Mij Overijssel N Werkwijze en inrichting voor het zuiveren van oppervlaktewater.

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7604657A (en) * 1976-04-29 1977-11-01 Wafilin Bv Cleaning of filtration membranes - by releasing gas dissolved in a liquid under pressure
US4083780A (en) * 1976-07-29 1978-04-11 Envirogenics Systems Company Fluid purification system
NL7905957A (nl) * 1979-08-02 1980-09-30 Wafilin Bv Inrichting voor membraanfiltratie met buitenzijde afvoer.
JPS58161799A (ja) * 1982-03-19 1983-09-26 Nitto Electric Ind Co Ltd 電着塗装用限外濾過モジユ−ルの洗「じよう」液再生方法
US4476015A (en) * 1982-11-02 1984-10-09 V. J. Ciccone & Associates, Inc. Multiple element fluid separation device
EP0584949A1 (fr) * 1992-07-29 1994-03-02 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Boîtier pour multiples éléments de membrane
WO1998023361A1 (fr) * 1996-11-26 1998-06-04 Keefer Bowie Dispositif et procede de dessalement par osmose inverse
JP2001259381A (ja) * 2000-03-23 2001-09-25 Kurita Water Ind Ltd 膜濾過装置
NL1019130C2 (nl) * 2001-10-08 2003-04-09 Waterleiding Mij Overijssel N Werkwijze en inrichting voor het zuiveren van oppervlaktewater.
WO2003031342A1 (fr) * 2001-10-08 2003-04-17 Waterleiding Maatschappij Overijssel N.V. Procede et appareil d'epuration des eaux superficielles

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Title
AL-AGHA M R ET AL: "Desalination in the gaza strip: drinking water supply and environmental impact", DESALINATION, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 173, no. 2, 10 March 2005 (2005-03-10), pages 157 - 171, XP004872851, ISSN: 0011-9164 *
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 198344, Derwent World Patents Index; Class J01, AN 1983-804956, XP002386277 *
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 200211, Derwent World Patents Index; Class D15, AN 2002-078072, XP002386276 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 007, no. 281 (C - 200) 15 December 1983 (1983-12-15) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 26 1 July 2002 (2002-07-01) *

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9034179B2 (en) 2009-02-11 2015-05-19 WE Consult Vianen B.V. Method and device for the purification of an aqueous fluid
WO2011009528A1 (fr) * 2009-07-23 2011-01-27 Khs Gmbh Procédé de nettoyage de structures de filtration d'installations de filtration destinées à filtrer des produits liquides, et installation de filtration
US9138667B2 (en) 2009-07-23 2015-09-22 Khs Gmbh Method for cleaning filter structures in filtration installations for filtering liquid products, and a filtration installation
US9725344B1 (en) 2014-09-24 2017-08-08 Dow Global Technologies Llc Spiral wound filtration assembly including integral bioreactor
US10358366B2 (en) 2014-09-24 2019-07-23 Dow Global Technologies Llc Spiral wound filtration assembly including integral bioreactor
US10286361B2 (en) 2015-04-16 2019-05-14 Dow Global Technologies Llc Filtration assembly including spiral wound bioreactors and hyperfiltration membrane modules
US10335737B2 (en) 2015-04-16 2019-07-02 Dow Global Technologies Llc Filtration assembly including spiral wound bioreactors and membrane modules positioned in separate pressure vessels
WO2017162745A1 (fr) * 2016-03-23 2017-09-28 Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Support Dispositif de filtration membranaire de liquide sous pression
FR3049196A1 (fr) * 2016-03-23 2017-09-29 Veolia Water Solutions & Tech Dispositif de filtration membranaire de liquide sous pression.
KR20180121503A (ko) * 2016-03-23 2018-11-07 베올리아 워터 솔루션즈 앤드 테크놀러지스 써포트 가압 액체 막 여과 장치
KR102380535B1 (ko) 2016-03-23 2022-03-30 베올리아 워터 솔루션즈 앤드 테크놀러지스 써포트 가압 액체 막 여과 장치
US12097467B2 (en) 2021-01-18 2024-09-24 Ecolab Usa Inc. Systems and techniques for cleaning pressure membrane systems using a water-in-air cleaning stream

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