WO2006126587A1 - pH制御によるコーヒー生豆の処理方法 - Google Patents
pH制御によるコーヒー生豆の処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006126587A1 WO2006126587A1 PCT/JP2006/310352 JP2006310352W WO2006126587A1 WO 2006126587 A1 WO2006126587 A1 WO 2006126587A1 JP 2006310352 W JP2006310352 W JP 2006310352W WO 2006126587 A1 WO2006126587 A1 WO 2006126587A1
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- coffee beans
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F5/00—Coffee; Coffee substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F5/02—Treating green coffee; Preparations produced thereby
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for treating green coffee beans, comprising a fermentation step in which fermentation is performed by contacting an assimilation component and a microorganism for fermentation treatment, and the fermented component produced thereby is imparted to green coffee beans.
- the production process of a coffee beverage will be briefly explained.
- the husk and pulp parts are removed from the coffee fruit (the fruit of the scallop plant called coffee tree), and the green coffee beans are isolated (refining process).
- the obtained green coffee beans are roasted (roasted) to obtain roasted coffee beans (roasting step).
- a component that is a source of taste and aroma specific to coffee hereinafter referred to as a coffee flavor component
- the coffee roasted beans are crushed, and the coffee extract is extracted with hot water to provide a coffee beverage.
- fermented coffee beans are brought into contact with microorganisms (such as yeast) and assimilated components utilized by the microorganisms.
- microorganisms such as yeast
- Patent Document 1 International Publication Number WO2005Z029969A1
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and when a green coffee bean is subjected to a fermentation treatment with microorganisms, contamination of germs producing acetic acid is prevented, and a coffee drink is newly added.
- the present invention provides a method for treating green coffee beans that can impart a high-quality flavor.
- a first characteristic configuration of the present invention is a green coffee bean comprising a fermentation process in which fermented components are fermented by contact of an assimilation component and a microorganism for fermentation treatment, and the resulting fermented component is imparted to green coffee beans.
- the fermentation step the assimilated component and the fermentation microorganism are brought into contact with each other within a pH range that suppresses the growth of microorganisms that produce acetic acid. In the point.
- Green coffee beans are present on the innermost side of coffee berries and have a property of absorbing water in preparation for germination.
- certain microorganisms typified by yeast and the like can decompose (ferment) organic compounds (assimilation components) to produce alcohols, organic acids, esters and the like (hereinafter referred to as fermentation components).
- fermentation components organic compounds
- a pH that suppresses the growth of a microorganism that produces acetic acid (hereinafter referred to as an acetic acid-producing bacterium) (hereinafter referred to as a growth-suppressed pH).
- the assimilation component and the microorganism for fermentation treatment are brought into contact with each other, so that the production of acetic acid during the fermentation treatment can be suppressed.
- a second characteristic configuration of the present invention is that the green coffee beans are in at least one of a state isolated from coffee fruits and a state existing in coffee fruits.
- the green coffee beans are present in a state where the coffee fruit strength is isolated, for example, by undergoing a purification treatment. If the fermentation process is performed, for example, another kind of fruit or fruit juice is used as an assimilation component, or the order in which the assimilation component, the microorganism for fermentation treatment and the green coffee beans are brought into contact with each other is appropriately changed. You can select other types of settings.
- the P H is in pH 2. 4 to 4. Point 7.
- the third characteristic configuration of the present invention by setting the pH to 2.4 to 4.7, it is possible to suppress the growth of acetic acid-producing bacteria and promote the growth of microorganisms for fermentation treatment.
- a fourth characteristic configuration of the present invention is that it includes a pH adjusting step of adjusting the pH within the range using a pH adjusting agent.
- the green coffee bean processing method described in the fourth characteristic configuration of the present invention includes a pH adjustment step, and by using a pH adjuster in this step, the assimilation component and the fermentation microorganisms are separated.
- the pH at the time of contact can be easily adjusted to the growth inhibition pH.
- PH adjustment step Is preferably carried out before the fermentation process starts.
- the said pH adjustment process can be implemented in various aspects so that the description power of the Example mentioned later may also be clear.
- a suspension in which a microorganism for fermentation treatment is suspended at a low concentration in a relatively large amount of water (for example, about the same weight as coffee fruit) is prepared. Adjust the pH to the growth inhibition pH.
- the fermentation process can be carried out (in this case, the main assimilation component is that of the coffee fruit. Pulp.)
- the coffee fruit when the coffee fruit is submerged in a water tank to remove impurities by removing the impurities, it is adjusted to a growth-inhibiting pH by adding a pH adjuster in advance to the washing process.
- a pH adjuster in advance to the washing process.
- a fifth characteristic configuration of the present invention is that the pH adjuster is at least one of lactic acid and phosphoric acid.
- At least one of lactic acid and phosphoric acid can be used as a pH adjuster, and the pH of the fermentation broth can suppress the growth of acetic acid-producing bacteria. Reduce to pH (growth inhibition pH).
- the fact that at least one of lactic acid and phosphoric acid is particularly effective as an acid that inhibits the growth of acetic acid-producing bacteria and does not adversely affect the quality of the coffee beans after fermentation treatment is the present invention. As a result of their earnest research, they found it for the first time. However, lactic acid and phosphoric acid are inexpensive and easily available, and are used as food additives, so they are safe and harmless to the human body.
- a sixth characteristic configuration of the present invention is that the fermentation treatment microorganism is at least one microorganism selected from the group consisting of yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and imperfect fungi.
- At least one microorganism selected from the group consisting of yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and incomplete fungi is used as the microorganism for fermentation treatment.
- these microorganisms are easy to handle because they are easy to obtain and can be handled by general methods for culture and storage.
- a seventh characteristic configuration of the present invention is that the yeast is a yeast for wine fermentation.
- yeast for wine fermentation is used as a microorganism for fermentation treatment, a characteristic flavor such as brewing aroma is imparted to the coffee beans.
- a characteristic flavor such as brewing aroma is imparted to the coffee beans.
- An eighth characteristic configuration of the present invention is that the incomplete fungus is an incomplete fungus belonging to the genus Geotrichum.
- Geotrichum candidum for example, Geotrichum candidum, Geotrichum rectang ulatum, or Geotrichum klebahnii is fermented.
- a new flavor component can be added to green coffee beans.
- green coffee beans obtained using the above microorganisms as raw materials, it is balanced with the traditional coffee flavor produced in the roasting process (alcohol smell is suppressed) and rich and rich. It is possible to obtain a coffee drink that has a fresh scent and has a bodily taste.
- the ninth characteristic configuration of the present invention is that the incomplete fungus belonging to the genus Geotrichum is Geotrichum sp. SAM2421 (International Deposit No. F ERM BP-10300) or a variant thereof, or In that they are transformants
- Geotrichum sp. SAM2421 International Deposit No. FERM BP-1030 0
- SAM2421 is a novel microorganism isolated from coffee fruits by the present inventors. This microorganism was commissioned on March 22, 2005 by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Patent Biological Deposit Center (1st, 1st, 1st, 1st, 1st, 1st, 1st, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan).
- SAM2421 By using SAM2421, a new flavor component (fermentation component) is added to green coffee beans, and a coffee drink with a more gorgeous and rich estery flavor and a bodily taste can be obtained. it can .
- SAM2421 or a mutant thereof, or a transformant thereof can be used as appropriate.
- mutants may be spontaneous mutations or artificially induced mutations (treatment with radiation or mutagen), and transformants may include foreign genes in SAM2421 or its mutants. It is possible to isolate and use a strain having a more excellent fermentative ability (or having features such as easy handling) from the introduced one.
- a tenth characteristic configuration of the present invention is that the assimilation component is fruit juice or coffee pulp.
- the tenth characteristic configuration of the present invention when fruit juice is used as an assimilation component, for example, grape juice, peach juice, apple juice, or the like can be applied.
- coffee pulp portion containing sugar and other nutrients
- coffee pulp is a by-product obtained in the refining process to obtain coffee fruit strength green coffee beans, and is normally discarded, but in the present invention Since it can be effectively used as an assimilation component, there is no risk of increasing the cost of raw materials without the need to prepare an external assimilation component.
- An eleventh characteristic configuration of the present invention is green coffee beans obtained by the method for processing green coffee beans described in the first or second characteristic configuration.
- the green coffee bean according to the eleventh characteristic configuration of the present invention includes a fermentation component that imparts a new high-quality flavor to the coffee beverage.
- a twelfth characteristic configuration of the present invention is a roasted coffee bean obtained by roasting green coffee beans described in the eleventh characteristic configuration.
- the roasted coffee bean according to the twelfth feature of the present invention is a new flavor component derived from the fermentation component produced by fermentation in addition to the conventional coffee flavor component produced in the roasting step. including.
- a thirteenth characteristic configuration of the present invention is a coffee beverage obtained by using the roasted coffee beans described in the twelfth characteristic configuration as a raw material.
- the coffee beverage according to the thirteenth characteristic configuration of the present invention has a new high-quality flavor derived from the fermentation components produced by fermentation.
- the coffee fruit in the present invention means the fruit of coffee tree, and generally speaking, the coffee beans (seed), the pulp (part containing sugar and other nutrients), and the hull strength. More specifically, green coffee beans are present on the innermost side, and the surrounding areas are covered with silver skin (silver skin), inner skin (parchment), pulp, and outer skin, respectively. As the product types, arabic, Robusta, and Riberica varieties can be applied, and Brazil, Ethiopia, Vietnam, Guatemala, etc. can be applied to the production areas. It is not something.
- Coffee fruit strength There are two known refining processes for isolating green coffee beans: non-washing and washing.
- the non-washing method is a method of harvesting coffee berries and then drying them as they are to thresh to remove husks, pulp, inner skins, silver skins, etc. to obtain green coffee beans.
- Non-washing purification processes are easy to operate, but are mainly applied in areas where the climate is dry.
- the washing-type refining process is mainly applied in rainy areas.
- 1 or 2 coffee beans are collected as well as one coffee fruit strength.
- Examples of the assimilation component used in the fermentation process of the present invention include fruit juice, fruit juice, sugar, cereals, culture medium, etc., preferably fruit juice or coffee pulp.
- the coffee pulp in the present invention means, for convenience, all parts of the coffee fruit (whether undried or dried) other than the green coffee beans and the hulls.
- the coffee pulp may be in the form of coffee fruit that has not undergone a refining process (if necessary, the surface may be partially exposed by scratching the surface with a knife or the like). Alternatively, it can be used in the state of pulp obtained when separated from green coffee beans in the refining process. Further, the coffee pulp may be undried or dried. It is not limited to coffee pulp, but other pulps such as grape pulp, cherry pulp, and strawberry pulp can be used as needed, and these pulps including coffee pulp can be used alone or in some cases! / ⁇ can be used in any combination!
- Assimilation components other than the above-mentioned pulp include fruit juice (eg, grape, peach, apple, etc.), sugar
- sugarcane is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide, etc. that can be used for plant power such as sugarcane), cereals (for example, wort obtained by saccharification of malt), medium, etc., but microorganisms can be assimilated. It is not particularly limited as long as it is a component, and these assimilation ingredients including pulp may be used alone or in any combination.
- a method of exposing the coffee pulp to at least a part of the coffee fruit surface is preferable in order to increase the fermentation rate.
- the harvested coffee fruit may be scratched with a sharp blade or the like, or pressure is applied to the coffee fruit using a threshing device or the like so that the outer skin is cut. It ’s okay, but at this time, the green coffee beans inside should not be damaged.
- a peeler or the like may be used to peel only the outer skin of the coffee fruit to expose the pulp. It should be noted that when the coffee fruit is harvested, it is not necessary to perform the above-described pulp exposing operation for those that are accidentally damaged and at least a part of the pulp is exposed. In addition, when using coffee pulp that is obtained when it is separated from green coffee beans in the refining process, it is not necessary to perform the above-mentioned pulp exposure operation. Do.
- the fermentation treatment microorganism used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a microorganism (acid-resistant microorganism) capable of assimilating (fermenting) the assimilating component as described above at the growth-inhibiting pH. Not.
- yeast examples include yeast, lactic acid bacteria, incomplete fungi and the like. These microorganisms can be suitably used because they are easily available and easy to handle.
- yeast for brewing such as yeast for wine fermentation and yeast for beer fermentation that have been used in foods can be preferably used.
- yeast for wine fermentation examples include commercially available dry yeast such as Lalvin L2323 strain (hereinafter referred to as L2323: Seticcampa) and CK S 102 strain (hereinafter referred to as S102: Bio Springer). be able to.
- L2323 is used for red winemaking and S102 for rose winemaking. When yeast is used in this way, a characteristic flavor such as brewing aroma can be added.
- the lactic acid bacteria can be applied as long as they are known bacteria used for producing fermented milk, lactic acid bacteria beverages, cheese fermented milk, and the like.
- lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus are preferably exemplified.
- Examples of imperfect fungi include, for example, Geotrichum candidum, Geotrichum rectangulatum, and Geotrichum klebahnii, and more preferably, (Geotrichum sp.) SAM2421 (International deposit number FERM BP-10300) or a variant thereof, or a transformant thereof
- Isolation sources that can isolate microorganisms belonging to the genus Geotrichum include soil, plants, aerial, fiber, wood, house dust, feed, rivers, silage, food, fruits, cereals, fertilizers, industrial wastewater. , Compost, excrement, gastrointestinal tract, and the like, preferably fruit (coffee fruit).
- mutant as used in the present invention includes those caused by spontaneous mutation, or those obtained by artificially inducing sudden mutation (treatment with radiation or a mutant substance).
- the DNA base sequence has changed compared to the wild type strain (Geotrichum sp. SA M2421 (International Deposit No. FERM BP-10300)).
- spontaneous mutations Mutations that occur when microorganisms are growing normally under normal circumstances are called spontaneous mutations.
- the main causes of spontaneous mutations are thought to be errors during DNA replication and endogenous mutagens (nucleotide analogs) (Maki, “Spontaneous Mutation and Repair Mechanism”, cells Engineering Vol. 13 No. 8, pp. 663-672, 1994).
- Radiation treatments such as ultraviolet rays and X-rays, or artificial mutagen treatments such as alkylating agents can damage DNA. The damage is suddenly fixed in the mutation during DNA replication.
- PCR Since PCR amplifies DNA in a test tube, it lacks a part of the intracellular mutation suppression mechanism and can induce mutations at high frequency.
- the gene shuffling method (3 ⁇ 4temmer, Rapid evolution of a protein in vitro by DNA snufflin ", Nature Vol. 370, pp. 389-391, Aug. 1994;) Avoid accumulation and accumulate multiple beneficial mutations in the gene.
- the mutation suppression mechanism keeps the rate of spontaneous mutations at a very low level.
- This mutation suppression mechanism has multiple stages involving more than 10 genes. Individuals with one or more of these genes destroyed are called mutators because they frequently mutate. These genes are called mutator genes (Maki, “Nature Mutation and repair mechanism ", Cell Engineering Vol. 13 No. 8, pp. 663-672, 1994; Horst et. Al., Escherichia coll mutator genes, Trends in icrob iology Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 29— 36, Jan. 1999).
- ⁇ ⁇ transformant refers to a gene (foreign gene) possessed by another species of organism, a new microorganism (Geotrichum sp.) SAM2421 (International Deposit No. FERM BP-10300) ) Or those artificially introduced into the mutant.
- a production method for example, a foreign gene is incorporated into an appropriate expression vector, and the expression vector is introduced by a known method such as an electroporation method, a calcium phosphate method, a ribosome method, or a DEAE dextran method.
- microorganisms When the microorganisms are dried, they can be covered with water according to each suitable method. For example, when dry yeast is used, it can be used by suspending in water heated to 37 to 41 ° C for 20 to 30 minutes.
- the amount of the microorganism used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the effect of adding a flavor is obtained, but can be appropriately set in consideration of the culture time and cost.
- OX 10 1G cellsZg is appropriate for yeast and lactic acid bacteria, and
- OmgZg to: LOmgZg is appropriate for imperfect bacteria. It is.
- microorganisms that produce acetic acid in the present invention include acetic acid bacteria such as the genus Acetobacter and the genus G1 uconacetobacter, which have the ability to oxidize alcohol.
- acetic acid bacteria such as the genus Acetobacter and the genus G1 uconacetobacter, which have the ability to oxidize alcohol.
- it includes microorganisms that can also produce various organic compounds such as organic acids (taenoic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, etc.) and alcohol.
- the pH range capable of suppressing the growth of the microorganism producing acetic acid is preferably pH 2 to 5, and pH 2.4 to 4. 7 is particularly preferred. Therefore, when the environment where the assimilation component and the microorganism for fermentation treatment come into contact does not fall within this pH range, it is preferable to adjust the pH using a pH adjuster.
- the pH adjuster include acids such as citrate, malic acid, lactic acid and phosphoric acid. Power is preferably lactic acid or phosphoric acid.
- salts of these acids can be used, or it is possible to use a buffer containing these acids and their salts.
- the pH adjustment step can be performed before or after the assimilation component and the microorganism for fermentation treatment contact.
- the fermentation step is started before contact between the assimilation component and the microorganism for fermentation treatment, so that the start of contact between the assimilation component and the microorganism for fermentation treatment is started in a state in which propagation of miscellaneous bacteria is suppressed. I can do it.
- Examples of the method of bringing the microorganism into contact with the assimilating component include the following methods.
- the direct method is a method in which a microorganism is brought into direct contact with an assimilated component in the presence of green coffee beans.
- a microorganism For example, a coffee fruit with a surface that is scratched with a knife or the like to partially expose the coffee pulp (or a mixture of coffee pulp and green coffee beans obtained when separated from green coffee beans in the refining process)
- a suspension obtained by suspending the microorganism for fermentation treatment in water adjusted to a growth-inhibiting pH using a pH adjuster is sprayed or sprayed to directly contact and ferment.
- a suspension in which a microorganism for fermentation treatment is suspended at a low concentration in a relatively large amount of water (for example, an amount about the same weight as coffee fruit) is prepared, and a pH adjusting agent is prepared in the suspension. Is added to adjust the pH to the growth inhibition pH.
- the coffee fruit to be fermented is immersed in the suspension and brought up to contact, and then fermented.
- the indirect method prepares a fermenter equipped with a fermented liquid, adds green coffee beans, an assimilated component, and a microorganism for fermentation treatment to the fermented liquid adjusted to a growth suppression pH using a pH adjuster.
- This is a method of bringing a fermentation treatment microorganism into contact with an assimilated component eluted in a fermentation broth.
- the microorganisms for fermentation treatment and coffee fruits that have been exposed to a portion of the coffee pulp by scratching the surface with a knife or the like (or the coffee pulp obtained when separated from green coffee beans in the refining process)
- a mixture with green coffee beans is added to a fermentation broth adjusted to a growth-inhibiting pH and fermented.
- sugar and the like in the pulp are easily eluted in the fermentation broth, and fermentation by the microorganism for fermentation treatment is promoted.
- the fermentation conditions for microorganisms it is necessary to satisfy at least temporarily that the conditions for bringing the assimilation component and the microorganisms for fermentation treatment into contact with each other within the pH range that suppresses the growth of microorganisms that produce acetic acid (for example, There is no particular limitation, such as starting this process after adjusting the pH range to be strong, or adjusting the pH range to be strong when the fermentation components are actively produced).
- Conditions suitable for fermentation as required e.g. type of microorganism to be used and its amount (initial number of bacteria), type and amount of assimilation component (concentration), temperature, humidity, oxygen or carbon dioxide concentration, fermentation Time etc.
- a commercially available nutrient medium for supplementing a nitrogen source or a carbon source can be supplementarily added as necessary.
- conditions such as temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, etc. may be used individually or appropriately as appropriate so as to suppress the growth of various bacteria. It may be combined and controlled to be fermented. For example, it can be fermented in a low temperature environment of 15-30 ° C, or it can be fermented under more anaerobic (or aerobic) conditions by increasing the carbon dioxide (or oxygen) concentration. May be implemented.
- the above fermentation conditions for example, the type of microorganism used and the amount of bacteria (initial number of bacteria), the type and amount (concentration) of assimilation components, temperature, humidity , PH, oxygen or carbon dioxide concentration, fermentation time, etc.
- the fermentation process can also be performed in a equipment-equipment (eg, a thermostatic bath, tank, storage, etc.).
- the time required for the fermentation process is not limited, and may be appropriately selected depending on the quality and strength of the added flavor, or depending on the microorganism assimilation component.
- the fermentation process may be completed with reference to the assimilation of the assimilated component.
- microorganisms two or more kinds of microorganisms can be used at the same time
- fermentation conditions as appropriate and combining them arbitrarily
- a fermentation process can be performed during the purification process of green coffee beans.
- non-washing-type purification step for example, coffee berries are harvested, brought into contact with the fermentation treatment microorganisms by the direct method described above, and then dried.
- the pH of the water in the aquarium is adjusted to a growth inhibition pH using an appropriate pH adjuster, Fermentation microorganisms and coffee fruits are fermented by adding them to the water tank (fermentor) by the indirect method described above.
- the pulp may be exposed while being grown on the tree and fermented by the above direct method.
- the coffee fruit is washed and washed with water or the like for separation of the fermentation microorganisms, or the fermentation process is performed with the fermentation microorganisms attached.
- the pulp is removed and threshed to separate the green coffee beans.
- the green coffee beans thus separated can be roasted by a normal method to obtain various roasted coffee beans (light roast to Italian roast) with different degrees of roasting. Can do.
- the obtained roasted coffee beans can be used for drinking as regular coffee by pulverizing, adding water, filtering and extracting with a filter medium, and instant coffee, coffee extract, canned coffee as industrial raw materials. It can be used for such as.
- Mast (wine brewing liquid) was used as an assimilation component, and the effect of the addition of lactic acid was examined.
- red mast with a specific gravity of 1.084 (15 ° C) was diluted with water and diluted with water.
- the pH of the obtained red mast solution was 5.0.
- lactic acid was added to 730 ppm, pH was 4.0 (Sample 1).
- a control was prepared without adding lactic acid (Comparative Example 1).
- Geotrichum sp. SAM2 421 International deposit number: FERM BP—10300 (hereinafter referred to as SAM2421) as the microorganism for fermentation treatment, and 0. did. 300 g of green coffee beans (Brazilian Santos No. 2) was added to the pot and left to stand at 23 ° C for 72 hours for fermentation.
- the supernatant of the obtained fermentation broth was sampled for component analysis. Since acetic acid-producing bacteria are typical bacteria that adversely affect coffee bean quality, the concentration of acetic acid in the supernatant was analyzed by liquid chromatography to determine whether the acetic acid-producing bacteria had grown (i.e., acetic acid). If the producing bacteria grow, the amount of acetic acid produced will increase!] And the acetic acid concentration will increase.
- the growth of SAM2421 was evaluated by measuring the concentration of pyruvate in the supernatant with liquid chromatography using pyruvic acid, which is a fermentation component, as an index (that is, when SAM2421 grows, Increased production Judged that the concentration of pyruvic acid will be higher).
- the concentration of acetic acid was lower than that of the comparative example, and the concentration of pyruvic acid was high.
- the concentration of miscellaneous bacteria was suppressed and the growth and fermentation of the intentionally added microorganism (fermentation microorganism) was promoted.
- the roasted coffee beans were evaluated. After removing the green coffee beans from the fermented liquid after fermentation and draining, the solid content was removed by washing with an equivalent amount of deionized water to obtain about 300 g of green coffee beans. Of the obtained green coffee beans, lOOg was roasted with a deep roast button using a fully automatic coffee beans roaster (CRPA-100 Tortoise Co., Ltd.). The roasting time was about 25 minutes. Next, sensory evaluation of roasted coffee beans was conducted by five panelists specializing in coffee sensuality. 30 g of roasted coffee beans of Sample 1 and Comparative Example 1 were put into a dedicated functional glass as they were without being crushed, and the glass was covered.
- the lid was removed during sensuality, and two types were evaluated: ester fragrance and acetic acid odor.
- the evaluation was based on a 0.5-point scale, with five levels: weak (1 point), slightly weak (2 points), moderate (3 points), slightly strong (4 points), and strong (5 points). It was expressed as the average value of 5 evaluation points.
- the results are shown in Table 3. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the roasted coffee beans of Sample 1 had a better scent.
- a coffee extract was prepared using the coffee roasted beans of Sample 1 and Comparative Example 1. Each roasted coffee bean was finely ground, and 100 g of hot water was added to 12 g of the ground beans and stirred. According to the cup test standard method, the floated coffee was removed, and the supernatant was subjected to sensory evaluation. Conducted by 5 panelists specializing in coffee. There were four types of evaluation items: fragrance (Ester fragrance, brewing fragrance) and taste (body feeling, acidity). The rating from very weak (1 point) to 5 (very strong) was evaluated in increments of 0.1. It was expressed as the average value of the evaluation scores of five people. The results are shown in Table 4. Compared to Comparative Example 1, the coffee extract of Example 1 had better aroma and taste.
- Geotrichum sp. SAM2 421 International deposit number: FERM BP-10300
- the mixture was allowed to stand for 72 hours at 23 ° C for fermentation.
- the fermentation broth had a good flavor.
- acetic acid-producing bacteria are representative bacteria that adversely affect the quality of coffee beans
- the concentration of acetic acid in the supernatant is analyzed by liquid chromatography to determine the growth of acetic acid-producing bacteria. The presence or absence was judged.
- the growth of the SAM2421 strain was evaluated by measuring the concentration of pyruvate in the supernatant by liquid chromatography using pyruvic acid as a fermentation component as an index.
- the concentration of acetic acid was lower than that of the comparative example, and the concentration of pyruvic acid was high. That is, by adding lactic acid to the fermentation broth, It was found that the growth and fermentation of microorganisms that were intentionally added (fermentation treatment microorganisms) were promoted by suppressing propagation.
- the roasted coffee beans were evaluated. Take out the fermented coffee fruit from the fermented liquid, drain it and dry it in a dryer at 55 ° C for 48 hours, then remove the pulp and skin using a parving machine to obtain approximately 250 g of green coffee beans. It was. Of the obtained green coffee beans, lOOg was roasted by a deep roast button operation using a fully automatic coffee beans roaster (CRPA-100 Tortoise Co., Ltd.). Roasting time was about 25 minutes.
- a coffee extract was prepared using the coffee roasted beans of Comparative Example 2 and Sample 2. Each roasted coffee beans was finely ground, and lOOg of hot water was added to 12g of ground beans and stirred. According to the cup test method, the floated coffee was removed, and the supernatant liquid was evaluated for function. Conducted by 5 panelists specializing in coffee. There were four evaluation items: fragrance (ester flavor, brewed flavor) and taste (body feeling, acidity). From very weak (1 point) to 5 (very strong), evaluation was made in increments of 0.1. It was expressed as the average value of the evaluation scores of five people. The results are shown in Table 8. Compared to Comparative Example 2, the coffee extract of Sample 2 was good in both aroma and taste.
- the pulp is taken out from the coffee fruits (3 to 5) after the fermentation obtained in Comparative Example 3 and Sample 3 above, and the juice extracted from the pulp is diluted 20 times with water to prepare a juice dilution. Made. Next, the concentration (ppm) of acetic acid in the juice dilution was measured by liquid chromatography.
- Acetic acid (ppm) 1 2 7 1 0 1 2 6 7 [0094]
- acetic acid producing bacteria representative bacteria that adversely affect the quality of coffee beans
- the acetic acid concentration in the fruit juice increases.
- the concentration of acetic acid in the pulp of Comparative Example 3 is very high compared to the concentration of acetic acid in the pulp of Sample 3. Therefore, this point power also shows that the growth of acetic acid-producing bacteria is suppressed in Sample 3.
- roast coffee beans were evaluated. About the above-mentioned fermented coffee fruit, a pulping machine was used to remove the flesh and skin, and about 250 g of coffee beans were obtained. Of the obtained green coffee beans, lOOg was roasted by a deep roasting button operation using a fully automatic coffee beans roaster (CRPA-100 Tortoise Co., Ltd.). Roasting time was about 25 minutes. Next, sensory evaluation of roasted coffee beans was conducted by five panelists specializing in coffee sensuality. 30 g of roasted coffee beans of Comparative Example 3 and Sample 3 were put into a special functional glass as they were without being crushed and covered with a glass lid.
- the lid was moved to evaluate two types of esthetic fragrance and acetic acid odor.
- the evaluation was based on a 0.5-point scale, with five levels: weak (1 point), slightly weak (2 points), medium (3 points), slightly strong (4 points), and strong (5 points). It was expressed as the average of the evaluation scores of five people. The results are shown in Table 10. Compared to Comparative Example 3, the roasted coffee beans of Sample 3 had a better scent.
- a coffee extract was prepared using the coffee roasted beans of Comparative Example 3 and Sample 3. Each roasted coffee bean was finely ground and 100 g of hot water was added to 12 g of the ground beans and stirred. According to the cup test method, the floated coffee was removed, and the supernatant liquid was evaluated for function. Conducted by 5 panelists specializing in coffee. There were four evaluation items: fragrance (ester flavor, brewed flavor) and taste (body feeling, acidity). From very weak (1 point) to 5 (very strong), evaluation was made in increments of 0.1. It was expressed as the average value of the evaluation scores of five people. The results are shown in Table 11. Compared to Comparative Example 3, the coffee extract of Sample 3 has both aroma and taste. It was good.
- Coffee fruit (Okibashi prefecture) IOOOOg was added to a 3000ml Erlenmeyer flask and 1000ml of water was added. The pH at this time was 5.5. Phosphoric acid was added to 3000 ppm to adjust the pH to 2.4 (Sample 4). A control was prepared without adding phosphoric acid (Comparative Example 4).
- Geotrichum candidum As a microorganism for fermentation treatment, Geotrichum candidum
- IAM 12700 strain purchased from the University of Tokyo Institute of Molecular Biology, hereinafter referred to as IAM12700
- IAM12700 IAM 12700 strain was added after condensing lg as a dry weight according to a conventional method. It was allowed to stand for 72 hours at 23 ° C for fermentation. As a result of observing the fermentation broth after 72 hours, in the sample to which phosphoric acid was added, no bacteria other than IAM 12700 were propagated, and the fermentation broth had a good flavor.
- the supernatant of the obtained fermentation broth was sampled and analyzed for its final composition. Since there are acetic acid-producing bacteria as representative germs that adversely affect the quality of coffee beans, the concentration of phosphoric acid and acetic acid in the supernatant is analyzed by liquid chromatography in the same manner as in Example 1 above. The presence or absence of proliferation was judged.
- Example 4 the sample to which phosphoric acid was added (Sample 4) had a lower acetic acid concentration than that of Comparative Example 4 (that is, a small amount of acetic acid was produced), and was able to suppress the growth of various bacteria. I got it.
- coffee roasted beans were evaluated. Take out the fermented coffee fruit from the fermented liquid, drain it and dry it in a dryer at 55 ° C for 48 hours, then remove the pulp and skin using a parving machine to obtain approximately 250 g of green coffee beans. It was. Of the obtained green coffee beans, lOOg was roasted by a deep roast button operation using a fully automatic coffee beans roaster (CRPA-100 Tortoise Co., Ltd.). Roasting time was about 25 minutes. Next, sensory evaluation of roasted coffee beans was conducted by five panelists specializing in coffee sensuality. 30 g of roasted coffee beans of Comparative Example 4 and Sample 4 were put into a special functional glass as they were without being crushed, and the glass was covered.
- the lid was moved to evaluate two types of esthetic fragrance and acetic acid odor.
- the evaluation was based on a 0.5-point scale, with five levels: weak (1 point), slightly weak (2 points), medium (3 points), slightly strong (4 points), and strong (5 points). It was expressed as the average value of the evaluation scores of five people. The results are shown in Table 13. Compared to Comparative Example 4, the roasted coffee beans of Sample 4 had a better scent.
- a coffee extract was prepared using the coffee roasted beans of Comparative Example 4 and Sample 4. Each roasted coffee beans was finely ground, and lOOg of hot water was added to 12g of ground beans and stirred. According to the standard method of cup test, remove the floated coffee and remove the supernatant liquid. Noh evaluation was performed. Conducted by 5 panelists specializing in coffee. There were four evaluation items: fragrance (ester flavor, brewed flavor) and taste (body feeling, acidity). From very weak (1 point) to 5 (very strong), evaluation was made in increments of 0.1. It was expressed as the average value of the evaluation scores of five people. The results are shown in Table 14. Compared to Comparative Example 4, the coffee extract of Sample 4 was good in both aroma and taste.
- the present invention is not limited to coffee fruit processing such as refining and roasting, and the coffee beans processed by the present invention have a variety of roasted bean power (regular coffee, instant coffee, canned coffee, coffee aroma, etc.). Is also very useful in the coffee beverage manufacturing industry, and contributes to the further development of such industries.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/920,732 US20090104310A1 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2006-05-24 | Method of treating green coffee beans under ph regulation |
| JP2007517862A JP5149619B2 (ja) | 2005-05-25 | 2006-05-24 | pH制御によるコーヒー生豆の処理方法 |
| BRPI0611411-3A BRPI0611411A2 (pt) | 2005-05-25 | 2006-05-24 | método de tratamento de grãos de café verde sob regulação de ph |
| EP06746785A EP1886576B1 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2006-05-24 | METHOD OF TREATING GREEN COFFEE BEANS UNDER pH REGULATION |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005153118 | 2005-05-25 | ||
| JP2005-153118 | 2005-05-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006126587A1 true WO2006126587A1 (ja) | 2006-11-30 |
Family
ID=37452011
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2006/310352 Ceased WO2006126587A1 (ja) | 2005-05-25 | 2006-05-24 | pH制御によるコーヒー生豆の処理方法 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090104310A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1886576B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5149619B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1879492B (ja) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0611411A2 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI389645B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006126587A1 (ja) |
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| JP2007000140A (ja) * | 2005-05-25 | 2007-01-11 | Suntory Ltd | 乳酸菌を用いたコーヒー生豆の処理方法 |
| US8343558B2 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2013-01-01 | Suntory Holdings Limited | Microorganism and method of processing green coffee beans using the same |
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| JP2017060455A (ja) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-03-30 | 寧夫 新井 | ワイン風味のコーヒー及びその製造方法 |
| JP2020025512A (ja) * | 2018-08-14 | 2020-02-20 | 株式会社Ni Pi Ki | 発酵珈琲豆の製造方法 |
| CN115868566A (zh) * | 2023-02-24 | 2023-03-31 | 云南省农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | 一种定向风味发酵咖啡及其制备方法 |
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- 2006-05-24 JP JP2007517862A patent/JP5149619B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-05-24 TW TW095118487A patent/TWI389645B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8343558B2 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2013-01-01 | Suntory Holdings Limited | Microorganism and method of processing green coffee beans using the same |
| US8545910B2 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2013-10-01 | Suntory Holdings Limited | Method of processing green coffee beans by using surface-treated coffee cherries |
| JP2007000140A (ja) * | 2005-05-25 | 2007-01-11 | Suntory Ltd | 乳酸菌を用いたコーヒー生豆の処理方法 |
| JP2017060455A (ja) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-03-30 | 寧夫 新井 | ワイン風味のコーヒー及びその製造方法 |
| JP2020025512A (ja) * | 2018-08-14 | 2020-02-20 | 株式会社Ni Pi Ki | 発酵珈琲豆の製造方法 |
| JP7123386B2 (ja) | 2018-08-14 | 2022-08-23 | 株式会社Ni Pi Ki | 発酵珈琲豆の製造方法 |
| CN115868566A (zh) * | 2023-02-24 | 2023-03-31 | 云南省农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | 一种定向风味发酵咖啡及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TWI389645B (zh) | 2013-03-21 |
| US20090104310A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
| TW200715984A (en) | 2007-05-01 |
| JPWO2006126587A1 (ja) | 2008-12-25 |
| EP1886576B1 (en) | 2012-12-12 |
| JP5149619B2 (ja) | 2013-02-20 |
| EP1886576A1 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
| CN1879492A (zh) | 2006-12-20 |
| BRPI0611411A2 (pt) | 2010-09-08 |
| EP1886576A4 (en) | 2010-06-09 |
| CN1879492B (zh) | 2011-12-28 |
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