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WO2006120264A2 - Dispositif et procede permettant de generer des nanoemulsions de façon electrohydrodynamique - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede permettant de generer des nanoemulsions de façon electrohydrodynamique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006120264A2
WO2006120264A2 PCT/ES2006/000220 ES2006000220W WO2006120264A2 WO 2006120264 A2 WO2006120264 A2 WO 2006120264A2 ES 2006000220 W ES2006000220 W ES 2006000220W WO 2006120264 A2 WO2006120264 A2 WO 2006120264A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid
jet
dielectric
micro
drops
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2006/000220
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Other versions
WO2006120264A3 (fr
Inventor
Antonio Barrero Ripoll
Álvaro GÓMEZ MARÍN
Ignacio GARCÍA LOSCERTALES
Manuel MÁRQUEZ
Original Assignee
Universidad De Sevilla
Universidad De Málaga
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad De Sevilla, Universidad De Málaga filed Critical Universidad De Sevilla
Publication of WO2006120264A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006120264A2/fr
Publication of WO2006120264A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006120264A3/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/41—Emulsifying
    • B01F23/411—Emulsifying using electrical or magnetic fields, heat or vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/41—Emulsifying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/30—Micromixers
    • B01F33/301—Micromixers using specific means for arranging the streams to be mixed, e.g. channel geometries or dispositions
    • B01F33/3011—Micromixers using specific means for arranging the streams to be mixed, e.g. channel geometries or dispositions using a sheathing stream of a fluid surrounding a central stream of a different fluid, e.g. for reducing the cross-section of the central stream or to produce droplets from the central stream
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/30—Micromixers
    • B01F33/3031—Micromixers using electro-hydrodynamic [EHD] or electro-kinetic [EKI] phenomena to mix or move the fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/04—Making microcapsules or microballoons by physical processes, e.g. drying, spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/16—Arrangements for supplying liquids or other fluent material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/06—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane

Definitions

  • the present invention describes a method for generating, via electrohydrodynamics, double emulsions, with droplet sizes in the micro or submicron regime, of the water-oil-water (w / o / w) and oil-water-oil (o / w / o), and simple oil-water emulsions (o / w).
  • the procedure consists in the formation, in a bath of a dielectric liquid [liquid (1)], of a composite electrified jet, of diameter in the micrometer or submicrometer range, formed by a liquid (2) and a liquid (3) that flows through the interior of the liquid jet (2), either in the form of drops or in the form of another internal jet.
  • the liquid (2) is hydrophilic (conductive) and its nature is, therefore, different from that of the bath liquid (1), which is hydrophobic (dielectric liquid).
  • the liquid (3) can be hydrophobic, or even hydrophilic in nature, although in the latter case the miscibility between the liquids (2) and (3) must be very low.
  • the two liquids are injected through two capillary needles (or feeding tips) located concentrically, or one inside the other.
  • a conical electrified meniscus (Taylor cone) is formed from whose vertex a stationary jet flows through the electric field action .
  • the cone-jet structure remains stationary ( Figure 1), see for example Barrero et al. (2004).
  • the hydrophobic liquid (3 ) small amounts of an appropriate surfactant are added, the interfacial tension between the liquids (2) and (3) decreases markedly and the viscous forces that the liquid (2) exerts on the liquid meniscus (3) break the conical tip of the inner meniscus to give rise to a second jet of liquid (3) flowing surrounded by the jet of liquid (2), see the photograph of Figure 3 and Figure 4a.
  • the coaxial jet thus formed is unstable and breaks into the dielectric bath (hydrophobic liquid) resulting in a hydrosol of compound drops in which the hydrophilic liquid (2) encapsulates one or more drops of the hydrophobic liquid (3).
  • the intermittent rupture of the tip of the hydrophobic meniscus (3) produces a train of small drops, instead of a jet, which are dragged by the liquid jet (2), see Figure 4b.
  • the rupture of the jet results in liquid capsules (2) that enclose one or more drops of liquid (3) (multi-nuclear capsules).
  • the liquid (3) is ejected in the form of drops (see Figure 4c) if the injected flow rate is below a threshold value (dripping), while for values greater than this it flows in the form of a jet of diameter substantially equal to that of the capillary (jetting), which finally breaks into drops that are dragged by the liquid jet (2), see figure 4d.
  • the breakage of the liquid jet (2) results in multi-nuclear capsules.
  • the described procedure leads to a double emulsion of the type o / w / o in which drops of a hydrophilic liquid (2) containing inside a hydrophobic (3) are dispersed in a bath of another liquid also hydrophobic (1) which can be the same or different liquid as the encapsulation (3).
  • the compound drops, with a hydrophobic liquid (3) enclosed by the hydrophilic (2), resulting from the rupture of the jet are characterized by being uniform in size (small Standard deviation) and the range of their average diameter, which is of the order of jet diameter, is in a range that, depending on the properties of the liquids (mainly of the electrical conductivity of the hydrophilic liquid), ranges from a few tens of nanometers, for the most conductive liquids, to a hundred microns for the least conductive.
  • a hydrophilic liquid bath [liquid (4)] is used as reference electrode on which the dielectric liquid (1) rests, due to its lower density. Due to the charge of its drops, the hydrosol of compound drops is forced by the electric field to move towards the hydrophilic liquid bath (4). Once the drops penetrate the bath, the outer liquid (2) dissolves in the liquid bath (4), resulting in an emulsion of micro or nanometric sized drops of hydrophobic liquid (3) dispersed within the liquid (4).
  • the electric field is applied by establishing a potential difference between the needle if it is metallic (or feed tip) and a reference electrode connected to ground or to a reference potential.
  • the reference electrode can have different geometric configurations, plate, ring, etc.
  • the reference electrode may not be solid; for example, another conductive liquid (4), different or not from the liquid (2), which is immiscible or poorly miscible with the dielectric and is in contact with it through an interface can also be used.
  • the device and the method, objects of the present invention can be applied to obtaining nanoemulsions and encapsulation processes with applications in fields such as Materials Science (nanoemulsions of liquid crystals and other complex fluids), Food Technology and Pharmaceutical Technology (emulsions and encapsulations), etc., where the generation and controlled handling of jets and drops of micro or nanometric sizes is an essential part of the process.
  • this invention utilizes electrohydrodynamic forces (EHD).
  • EHD electrohydrodynamic forces
  • the phenomenon of dispersing a liquid in air by electrohydrodynamic forces has been known since ancient times.
  • electrospray the properties of the resulting aerosol (drops with diameters in the nanometric range and average diameter of the very uniform charged drops) known as electrospray.
  • a meniscus is formed in a very approximately conical manner from whose apex a flow of liquid in the form of a micro or nano-cube is emitted stationary.
  • FIG. 1 Photograph of a simple glycerin electrospray anchored in a metal needle. In this case, no liquid is injected through the inner needle that is observed in the photograph. Note the very long jet of glycerin that is emitted from the apex of the electrified conical meniscus.
  • FIG. 1 Photograph of a glycerin electrospray containing a silicone oil meniscus inside. Note the deformation of the meniscus of silicone oil, which takes the form of a conical tip, produced by the movement of the glycerin.
  • Figure 3 Photograph of an electrified composite jet in which the glycerin flowing outside contains another jet of petroleum jelly with a certain concentration of surfactant (Span 80).
  • Figure 4. Scheme of the device used for the production of electrified composite jets, (a) The cusp of the inner meniscus emits a stationary jet of liquid (3) flowing through the interior of the electrified jet of liquid (2). (b) The cusp of the inner meniscus emits a train of liquid drops (3) that they flow inside the electrified liquid jet (2). (c) When the inner capillary has a diameter substantially smaller than the outer capillary and the flow injected through it is less than a certain threshold value, the liquid (3) is injected in the form of drops (dripping) that flow through the inside the electrified liquid jet (2).
  • the novelty of the present invention lies in the formation of a hydrosol of highly compound, charged monodispersed droplets, within a dielectric liquid [liquid (1)] from the breakage of an electrified jet in which a conductive liquid ( hydrophilic) that flows from the outside completely surrounds another dielectric (hydrophobic) that flows from the inside;
  • a conductive liquid hydrophilic
  • hydrophobic dielectric
  • the drops formed by the rupture of the jet have a structure in which the liquid (2) encapsulates the liquid (3).
  • the liquids are injected through two needles (or feeding tips) arranged concentrically and immersed inside the liquid bath.
  • the conductive liquid (2) is injected through the annular space between the two needles or tips so that when an electric field is applied a conical meniscus is formed electrified from whose vertex a stream of diameter flows in the micro / nanometric range.
  • the characteristic conical shape of the conductive meniscus is due to a balance between the interfacial tension forces and the electrical forces acting on the surface of the conductive meniscus.
  • the movement of the liquid (2) is caused by the electric tangential stress acting on the surface of the meniscus, driving the liquid (2) towards the tip of the Taylor cone. In the way known in the literature as cone-jet mode, the mechanical balance described above is no longer satisfied, so that the surface of the meniscus changes from conical to cylindrical (cone-jet).
  • the injection of the liquid (3) into the meniscus of liquid (2) results in a drop train (dripping), figure 4c, or in a jet (jetting ) that breaks into drops, figure 4d. Both modes give rise to drops of diameter similar to that of the capillary.
  • the electrified jet breaks downstream due to varicose instabilities associated with the surface tension resulting in a hydrosol, within the dielectric (1), of compound drops or composite particles, of very uniform size, in which the conductive liquid (2) encapsulates the dielectric liquid (3); emulsions of the oil-water-oil type (o / w / o) are thus obtained.
  • a hydrophilic liquid bath [liquid (4)] is used as reference electrode on which the dielectric liquid (1) rests, due to its lower density. Due to the charge of its drops, the hydrosol of compound drops is forced by the electric field to move towards the hydrophilic liquid bath (4). Once the drops penetrate the bath, the outer liquid (2) that forms the capsules dissolves in the liquid bath (4), releasing the liquid (3) and giving rise to an emulsion of micro or nanometric sized drops of hydrophobic liquid (3) dispersed within the liquid (4).
  • the electric field is applied by establishing a potential difference between the needle if it is metallic (or feed tip) and a reference electrode connected to ground or to a reference potential.
  • the reference electrode can have different geometric configurations, plate, ring, etc.
  • the reference electrode may not be solid; for example, another conductive liquid (4), different or not from the liquid (2), which is immiscible or poorly miscible with the dielectric and is in contact with it through an interface can also be used.
  • the size of the compound drops can be controlled by varying the electrical conductivity of the conductive liquid (2). The range of sizes that can be achieved varies from one hundred microns to tens of nanometers.
  • Another advantage of the invention derives from the fact that the rupture of the jet, micro / nanometric, produces drops, micro / nanometric and charged.
  • the load of all the drops is always of the same sign, which avoids, by coulombian repulsion, the coalescence thereof.
  • the local electric field acts on the net charge of each drop, helping very efficiently to extract the drops from the point where they occur, also avoiding their coalescence. Otherwise, the resistance offered by the receiving liquid to the displacement of micro / nanometric droplets would cause its accumulation at the point where they are formed, producing coalescence thereof, and losing not only the uniformity of the average droplet size, but also control over the size of the resulting drops.
  • Another important advantage of the present invention is that from the point of view of applications (nano-encapsulation for example) lies in the fact that the control of the dispersed phase (compound drops) necessary for post-processing is much more versatile and easy to implement (pH, temperature, ultrasound, etc.) if the continuous phase is liquid instead of gas.
  • the procedure and the device is common for both applications and passes through the generation in a dielectric bath [liquid (1)] of a jet of an electrified liquid through which another liquid co-flows, in the form of a jet or in drops form;
  • the outer liquid is hydrophilic in nature and has a good electrical conductor (liquid 2) and the one that flows through the interior (liquid 3) is hydrophobic.
  • the device consists of two feeding tips A and B, concentrically arranged, or one contained in the other, and located within a dielectric liquid (1), as shown in Figure 5.
  • a flow rate Q2 of a conductive liquid (2), or conductive liquid suspension is injected through the existing play between the tips.
  • the power tip B is connected to an electric potential V, through a source of electric potential HV, with respect to a reference electrode G.
  • the reference electrode G which can have varied geometric shapes (for example ring or conductive plate) is immersed in the liquid (1) and faces the supply tips A and B.
  • a flow of liquid ( 1) it is simultaneously extracted and injected from the bath, see figure 5. If the feeding tip B is not metallic the conductive liquid is connected to the potential V through A.
  • an electrified meniscus is formed C with a substantially conical shape from whose apex a stationary capillary jet J of liquid (2) is emitted.
  • a flow rate Q3 of a third liquid (3), immiscible or poorly miscible with the liquid (2) is injected at appropriate flows through the tip B, concentric with A.
  • a second meniscus M of liquid 3, anchored at the outlet of The tip B is formed inside the meniscus C.
  • the meniscus M develops a conical tip from which, depending on the interfacial tension of the liquids (2) and (3), a jet is emitted, or a train of drops , of liquid (3), flowing inside the liquid jet (2).
  • a jet J is thus formed composed of the liquids (2) and (3) that flow coaxially within the dielectric liquid 1.
  • the diameter of the composite jet is between 500 microns and 15 nanometers while the diameter of the inner jet (liquid 3), or drops, is between 200 microns and 0 nanometers. Due to capillary instabilities, the jet J breaks into a hydrosol of compound drops H so that the liquid (3) is encapsulated by the liquid (2).
  • the average size of the compound drops is substantially uniform and is in a range of values that varies between 500 microns and 15 nanometers.
  • the hydrosol is carried by the outgoing flow of liquid (1), see figure 5, and the emulsion is collected in an attached device.
  • the supply tips A and B of the device must have a diameter between 0.01 mm and 5 mm and 0.002 mm and 2 mm respectively.
  • the feed rate of liquid 2 (Q2) flowing through the clearance between feed tips A and B is between 10-15 m3 / s and 10-7 m3 / s.
  • the feed rate of the liquid (3) flowing through the feed tip B is between 10-15 m3 / s and 10-7 m3 / s.
  • the device object of the invention consists of: a) Two feeding tips A and B located concentrically, or one of them contained in the other; a flow rate Q3 of a liquid (3) is fed by the tip B while a flow rate Q2 of the liquid 2 is injected through the clearance between A and B; tips A or B are connected to an electric potential V, if any of them metallic. If the tips are not metallic, the electrical contact can be made directly to the conductive liquid (2).
  • a bath of a dielectric liquid (1) arranged so that the supply tips A and B are submerged in the liquid (1) and the potential V is a differential value with respect to an electrode G, also immersed in the liquid (1) and connected to a source of potential HV.
  • Liquids (1) and (2) are immiscible or poorly miscible.
  • an electrically capillary meniscus C is formed, in a substantially conical manner, from whose apex a stationary capillary jet J of liquid (2) is emitted, so that the liquid (1) completely surrounds the liquid (2).
  • a second meniscus M of liquid (3), anchored at the exit of the tip B, is formed inside the meniscus C.
  • the meniscus M develops a conical tip from which a stream of liquid (3) is emitted, or a train drops of the same liquid, which converge with the liquid (2) to form a jet composed of both liquids.
  • Said composite jet J has a diameter between 500 microns and 15 nanometers.
  • the diameter of the liquid jet (3), or its drops, is between 200 microns and 0 nanometers; This last situation corresponds to the case in which no liquid (3) is injected through the feeding tip B.
  • the object of the present invention is the hydrosol H formed spontaneously by the rupture of the stationary capillary jet J that is formed using the mentioned device and procedure.
  • the object of the present invention is also the process described for the generation of jets and hydrosols when, instead of a conductive solid, a conductive liquid (4) is used as the reference electrode G.
  • the liquids (1) and (4) must be immiscible and must form a separation interface with the heaviest liquid being below this interface.
  • Embodiment example 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment example 1.
  • the basic apparatus used in this example consists of: (a) A means for supplying a first liquid (2) consisting of a metal tube A of 0.8 mm outside diameter and 0.4 mm inside diameter;
  • the liquid (2) was glycerin.
  • a reference electrode G such as a metal plate or ring, located in front of the end of the tube A and also immersed in the liquid (1).
  • the end of A and the reference electrode G were a distance of 1 cm;
  • a high voltage source HV with one of the poles connected to tube A and the other connected to the reference electrode G that is in contact with the liquid (1).
  • the potential difference applied was in this case of 2 KV, as can be seen in Figure 5.
  • a lower one which corresponds to the minimum ejectable from a liquid tip and a higher one that is fixed by the maximum load density compatible with the existence of a stationary jet.
  • the rupture of the jet results in compound drops formed by a glycerin shell that encloses or encapsulates silicone oil.
  • the drops that have a very uniform average size are dispersed in a dielectric liquid (1) and give rise to a double emulsion (silicone oil-glycerin-hexane) of the oil-water oil type (o / w / o).
  • the purpose of the device is to disperse a hydrophobic liquid into a hydrophilic one, maximizing the contact surface between both liquids, thus creating an oil-in-water emulsion (o / w).
  • a device which is basically the same as in the example of embodiment 1, except that in this case the dielectric liquid of the bath (liquid (1)) rests on a layer of a fourth liquid, liquid (4), which is conductive (water for example) that is electrically grounded. There is thus a layer of hexane located on top of another layer of water as seen in Figure 6.
  • the basic device used in this example consists of:
  • the compound drops dispersed in a dielectric liquid (1) are electrically charged and fall into the water under the simultaneous action of gravity and the electric field. Once the compound drops reach the water, the glycerin cover It disappears because it is soluble in water and submicron drops of petroleum jelly are obtained forming a second HA hydrosol, see Figure 6a.
  • Another way of operating consists in appropriately reducing the separation distance between feed tips and the reference liquid electrode [liquid (4)] so as to avoid the breakage of the jet J (see figure 6b) so that the Ia is obtained directly emulsion of oil drops dispersed in water (emulsion o / w).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de générer, de façon électrohydrodynamique, des émulsions doubles, ayant la taille de gouttes micrométriques ou submicrométriques, des types eau-huile-eau (w/o/w) et huile-eau-huile (o/w/o) et des émulsions simples du type huile-eau (o/w). Le procédé consiste à former, dans un bain de liquide diélectrique [liquide(1)] un jet électrifié composé, de diamètre à l'échelle micrométrique ou submicrométrique, formé par un liquide (2) et un liquide (3) qui s'écoule à l'intérieur du jet de liquide (2), soit sous forme de gouttes, soit sous forme d'un autre jet intérieur. Le dispositif et le procédé selon l'invention peuvent servir à obtenir des nanoémulsions et des processus d'encapsulation qui trouvent leurs applications dans des domaines où la génération et la manipulation contrôlée de jets et de gouttes de taille micrométrique ou nanométrique constitue une partie essentielle du processus.
PCT/ES2006/000220 2005-05-12 2006-05-08 Dispositif et procede permettant de generer des nanoemulsions de façon electrohydrodynamique WO2006120264A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ESP200501192 2005-05-12
ES200501192A ES2282009B1 (es) 2005-05-12 2005-05-12 Dispositivo y procedimiento para la generacion de nanoemulsiones y microemulsiones simples y dobles mediante chorros coaxiales electrificados en medios liquidos dielectricos.

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WO2006120264A2 true WO2006120264A2 (fr) 2006-11-16
WO2006120264A3 WO2006120264A3 (fr) 2006-12-21

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011023405A1 (fr) * 2009-08-28 2011-03-03 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Procédé et dispositif électrofluidique destinés à produire des émulsions et des suspensions de particules

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104645842A (zh) * 2015-03-12 2015-05-27 重庆工商大学 一种润滑油油水混合乳化液调制油箱技术方案

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5503372A (en) * 1989-11-27 1996-04-02 Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. Nozzle for electric dispersion reactor
ES2180405B1 (es) * 2001-01-31 2004-01-16 Univ Sevilla Dispositivo y procedimiento para producir chorros liquidos compuestos multicomponentes estacionarios y capsulas multicomponente y/o multicapa de tamaño micro y nanometrico.
ES2239861B1 (es) * 2002-04-05 2006-11-16 Universidad De Sevilla Dispositivo y procedimiento para producir electrosprays de liquidos conductores en el seno de liquidos dielectricos y emulsiones multicomponentes.

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011023405A1 (fr) * 2009-08-28 2011-03-03 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Procédé et dispositif électrofluidique destinés à produire des émulsions et des suspensions de particules
US9789451B2 (en) 2009-08-28 2017-10-17 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Method and electro-fluidic device to produce emulsions and particle suspensions

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ES2282009A1 (es) 2007-10-01
ES2282009B1 (es) 2008-09-01
WO2006120264A3 (fr) 2006-12-21

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