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WO2006113320A2 - Alkylbenzenes et residus comme substituts aux solvants dans des applications agricoles - Google Patents

Alkylbenzenes et residus comme substituts aux solvants dans des applications agricoles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006113320A2
WO2006113320A2 PCT/US2006/013807 US2006013807W WO2006113320A2 WO 2006113320 A2 WO2006113320 A2 WO 2006113320A2 US 2006013807 W US2006013807 W US 2006013807W WO 2006113320 A2 WO2006113320 A2 WO 2006113320A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition according
bottoms product
alkylbenzenes
composition
range
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2006/013807
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English (en)
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WO2006113320A3 (fr
Inventor
R. Scott Tann
David Ferguson
Curtis M. Elsik
Daniel R. Weaver
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huntsman Specialty Chemicals Corp
Huntsman Petrochemical LLC
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Huntsman Specialty Chemicals Corp
Huntsman Petrochemical LLC
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Publication of WO2006113320A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006113320A2/fr
Publication of WO2006113320A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006113320A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to compositions of matter useful in agricultural applications. More particularly, it relates to aqueous emulsions and emulsifiable concentrates which contain an alkylbenzene bottoms material, preferably linear alkylbenzene bottoms material, in lieu of one or more solvents.
  • Chemical formulations useful in the agricultural field are varied and many, and include those recognized by those skilled in the art as emulsions and emulsifiable concentrates from which emulsions may be conveniently prepared.
  • emulsions and emulsifiable concentrates from which emulsions may be conveniently prepared.
  • a given volume of water is combined with an emulsifiable concentrate in order to yield a final end-use formulation which may be contained in a spray tank and applied directly to soil, insects, crops, and other foliage to exert a desired effect.
  • Aromatic and SOLVESSOTM including: Aromatic 100 solvent (C 8 -C 10 ), Aromatic
  • SOLVESSOTM 150 fluid and SOLVESSOTM 200 fluid, are employed.
  • SOLVESSOTM 150 fluid and SOLVESSOTM 200 fluid, are employed.
  • Embodiments of the present invention include a composition of matter useful in agricultural formulations having at least one agriculturally active ingredient, and at least one hydrocarbon component.
  • the hydrocarbon component comprises at least one bottoms product from the manufacture of alkylbenzenes.
  • Additional embodiments include a composition of matter useful in agricultural formulations that have at least one agriculturally active ingredient and at least one hydrocarbon component, wherein the hydrocarbon component comprises at least 25% by weight of a mixture of mono-alkylbenzenes, wherein the structure of the mono- alkylbenzenes in the mixture include a single alkyl group bonded to a benzene ring, wherein the alkyl group may comprise any number of carbon atoms in the range of about 9 to about 42 carbon atoms.
  • the present invention also discloses an emulsified composition having a first portion of water; and a second portion of a composition having: at least one agriculturally active material; at least one hydrocarbon component, wherein the hydrocarbon component comprises a bottoms product from the manufacture of alkylbenzenes; and optionally one or more agricultural adjuvant materials.
  • the present invention further discloses a process for providing a composition suitable for being applied to crops, pests or soils which comprises providing a composition having at least one agriculturally active ingredient; and a hydrocarbon component, wherein the hydrocarbon component comprises a bottoms product from the manufacture of alkylbenzenes. The process then dilutes the composition with water.
  • Embodiments of the present invention further include an adjuvant made from an emulsifier, which may be a surfactant, and a hydrocarbon component, wherein the hydrocarbon component comprises a bottoms product from the manufacture of alkylbenzenes.
  • compositions suitable for use as an adjuvant include a process for providing a composition suitable for use as an adjuvant by providing a composition comprising a hydrocarbon component, wherein the a hydrocarbon component comprises a bottoms product from the manufacture of alkylbenzenes; and contacting the composition with an emulsifier to form the adjuvant.
  • the adjuvant is used in a spray application.
  • compositions of matter useful in agricultural end-use applications and precursors therefor are directed to compositions of matter useful in agricultural end-use applications and precursors therefor.
  • a composition according to the invention includes a bottoms product from the manufacture of alkylbenzenes and linear alkylbenzenes as a replacement for one or more solvents which have heretofore been employed as solvents in emulsifiable concentrates in agricultural end-use applications.
  • alkyl benzenes and linear alkylbenzenes has been well- known in the art for quite some time and typically comprises as one step the alkylation of benzene to yield an alkylbenzene. It is known in the art to employ a mixture of C 8 and higher olefins which is to be combined with benzene in the presence of a suitable catalyst in order to afford a mixture of alkylbenzenes, which are subsequently removed from the reaction mixture, typically by one or more distillation steps, which leaves heavier-boiling materials behind while enabling the lighter alkylbenzenes to pass.
  • alkylbenzenes are sulfonated to provide linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, which are useful in detergents.
  • the heavier-boiling materials left in the bottoms of the distillation apparatus are considered a scrap material which must be disposed of in an environmentally-acceptable fashion, which can sometimes be expensive.
  • bottoms product means the hydrocarbon materials produced during the manufacture of alkylbenzenes, which materials have a higher boiling point than the C 14 fraction of mono alkylbenzene at a pressure in the range of 10-50 mm Hg.
  • the bottoms product may have a higher boiling point than a C 19 linear alkylbenzene at a pressure in the range of 10-50 mm Hg.
  • such materials typically contain mono- and poly-alkyl benzenes produced as a by-product during the manufacture of mono-alkyl benzenes which are intended to be subsequently sulfonated and to be used either in detergent applications for household cleaning use or employment as detergents in
  • alkyl chains in the mixture of alkylbenzenes useful in accordance with the present invention may be linear or may contain branching on the alkyl chain or there may be multiple alkyl groups on the benzene ring itself.
  • alkylated toluenes are within the scope of the term "bottoms product" in the present invention.
  • use of alkylbenzenes as a solvent in agricultural end uses will contain various contents of different isomers that are all within the scope of the present invention.
  • the bottoms product may derive from an alkylbenzene process using C 10 to C 13 paraffin.
  • the alkyl chains of the aklylbenzenes may be in the range of about C 9 to about C 42 .
  • the range may be from about C 10 to about C 13 .
  • the range may be from about C 11 to about C 14 .
  • the range may be from about C 9 to about C 15 .
  • Li other embodiments the range may be from about C 19 to about C 42 .
  • a bottoms product may include, but not be limited to, alkylbenzenes (of which some are tri-alkylbenzenes, di-alkylbenzenes, and mono-alkylbenzenes), alkylindanes and alkyltetralins, alkylindenes and alkyldialins, alkylnapthalenes, diphenylalkanes, alkylacenapthenes, derivatives thereof and combinations thereof.
  • a bottoms product may be a mixture of alkylbenzenes and alkylaromatics wherein the total carbon number for each individual molecule of alkylbenzene and alkylaromatic of the mixture is in the range of 18-44.
  • a bottoms product may have a bromine index in the range of about 0 to about
  • the bromine index may be in the range of about 300 to about 1500. In some embodiments the bromine range may be from about 500 to about 700.
  • the bromine index may be measured by electrometric titration with potassium bromide or potassium bromate solutions as used in ASTM D2710 or D5776.
  • a composition according to the present invention comprises: at least one agriculturally active ingredient, and at least one hydrocarbon component.
  • the hydrocarbon component comprises at least one bottoms product from the manufacture of alkylbenzenes.
  • the above embodiment may include at least one emulsifier.
  • the emulsif ⁇ er may be surfactant, such as blends of calcium dodecylbenzene sulfuric acid (DDBSA) and non-ionic surfactant.
  • DBSA calcium dodecylbenzene sulfuric acid
  • embodiments disclosed may include inert carriers, water, etc.
  • the present invention also discloses an emulsified composition having a first portion of water; and a second portion of a composition having: at least one agriculturally active material; at least one hydrocarbon component, wherein the at least one hydrocarbon component comprises at least one bottoms product from the manufacture of alkylbenzenes; and optionally one or more agricultural adjuvant materials.
  • the present invention further discloses a process for providing a composition suitable for being applied to crops, pests or soils which comprises providing a composition having at least one agriculturally active ingredient; and at least one hydrocarbon component, wherein the at least one hydrocarbon component comprises at least one bottoms product from the manufacture of alkylbenzenes. The process then dilutes the composition with water.
  • a composition may be applied directly to foliage, crops, animals, insects and/or soil.
  • Such compositions may also be used for do-it-yourself home care products (i.e., bug sprays).
  • the present invention further discloses an adjuvant made out of an emulsifier, which may be surfactant, and a hydrocarbon component, wherein the hydrocarbon component comprises at least one bottoms product from the manufacture of alkylbenzenes.
  • an emulsifier which may be surfactant
  • a hydrocarbon component wherein the hydrocarbon component comprises at least one bottoms product from the manufacture of alkylbenzenes.
  • the present invention also discloses a process for providing an adjuvant by providing a composition comprising at least one hydrocarbon component, wherein the hydrocarbon component comprises a bottoms product from the manufacture of alkylbenzenes and contacting the composition with an emulsifier to form the adjuvant.
  • the adjuvant is then used in a spray application.
  • insects as used in this specification and the appended claims, the words "agriculturally active material” means any chemical substance that: 1) when applied to a given foliage that is generally regarded as undesirable adversely affects the longevity and/or reproductive capability of such foliage; or 2) when applied to the vicinity where insects dwell adversely affects the longevity and/or reproductive capability of such insects; or 3) is regarded by those skilled in the art as possessing pesticidal (including either insecticidal or herbicidal) and/or fungicidal properties.
  • Adjuvants are chemical materials which are often employed as a component of an agriculturally active material, mid which are designed to perform specific functions, including wetting, spreading, sticking, reducing evaporation, reducing volatilization, buffering, emulsifying, dispersing, reducing spray drift, compatibilizing and reducing foaming. No single adjuvant can perform all these functions, but different compatible adjuvants often can be combined to perform multiple functions simultaneously; thus, adjuvants are a diverse group of chemical materials. Within the meaning of the term "Adjuvants" is included any substance added to a spray tank to modify a pesticide's performance, the physical properties of the spray mixture, or both.
  • Spray application is perhaps the weakest link in the chain of events a pesticide follows through its development process. Some researchers claim that up to 70 percent of the effectiveness of a pesticide depends on the effectiveness of the spray application. Selection of a proper adjuvant may reduce or even eliminate spray application problems associated with pesticide stability, solubility, incompatibility, suspension, foaming, drift, evaporation, volatilization, degradation, adherence, penetration, surface tension, and coverage, thereby improving overall pesticide efficiency and efficacy.
  • Surfactant adjuvants physically alter the surface tension of a spray droplet.
  • a spray droplet must be able to wet the foliage and spread out evenly over a leaf.
  • Surfactants enlarge the area of pesticide coverage, thereby increasing the pest's exposure to the chemical. Without proper wetting and spreading, spray droplets often run off or fail to adequately cover these surfaces. Such materials enhance the absorbing, emulsifying, dispersing, spreading, sticking, wetting or penetrating properties of pesticides.
  • Surfactants are most often used with herbicides to help a pesticide spread over and penetrate the waxy outer layer of a leaf or to penetrate through the small hairs present on a leaf surface.
  • surfactant adjuvants may be anionic, cationic, or nonionic
  • the nonionic surfactants are in most common usage.
  • the "multi-purpose" nonionic surfactants are generally composed of alkoxylates of alcohols and alkoxylates of fatty acids, have no electrical charge and are compatible with most pesticides.
  • Certain other surfactants may be cationic (+ charge) or anionic (- charge) and there are specialty adjuvants that are used in certain situations and with certain products.
  • Anionic surfactants are used in emulsifier blends, and some chemistries are more specialized and used as dispersants and compatibility agents.
  • Cationic surfactants are used less frequently but one group, the ethoxylated fatty amines, sometimes are used with the herbicide glyphosate. Silicone-based surfactants have found some use due to their superior spreading ability. Some of these surfactants are a blend of nonionic surfactants (NIS) and a silicone surfactant while others are entirely a silicone chemistry. The combination of a NIS and a silicone surfactant can increase absorption into a plant so that the time between application and rainfall can be shortened.
  • NIS nonionic surfactants
  • silicone surfactant can increase absorption into a plant so that the time between application and rainfall can be shortened.
  • organo-silicone surfactants There are generally two types of organo-silicone surfactants: the polyether-silicones that are soluble in water and the alkyl-silicones that are soluble in oil.
  • alkyl-silicone surfactants work well with oil-based sprays, such as dormant and summer oil sprays used in insect control.
  • Alkyl-silicone-enhanced oil sprays can maximize insecticidal activity and even allow significantly lower pesticide use rates that reduce residue levels on crops.
  • Sticker adjuvants increase the adhesion of solid particles to target surfaces. These adjuvants can decrease the amount of pesticide that washes off during irrigation or rain. Stickers also can reduce evaporation of the pesticide and some slow ultraviolet (UV) degradation of pesticides. Many adjuvants are formulated as spreader-stickers to make a general purpose product that includes a wetting agent and an adhesive.
  • Extender adjuvants function like sticker surfactants by retaining pesticides longer on the target area, slowing volatilization, and inhibiting UV degradation.
  • Plant penetrant adjuvants have a molecular configuration that enhances penetration of some pesticides into plants.
  • An adjuvant of this type may increase penetration of a pesticide on one species of plant but not another.
  • Systemic herbicides, auxin-type herbicides, and some translocatable fungicides can have their activity increased as a result of enhanced penetration.
  • Compatibility agent adjuvants are especially useful when pesticides are combined with liquid fertilizers or other pesticides, particularly when the combinations are physically or chemically incompatible, such as in cases when clumps and/or uneven distribution occurs in the spray tank.
  • a compatibility agent may eliminate problems associated with such situations.
  • Buffers or pH modifier adjuvants are generally employed to prevent problems associated with alkaline hydrolysis of pesticides that are encountered when the pH of a pesticide exceeds about 7.0 by stabilizing the pH at a relatively constant level. Extreme pH levels in the spray mixture can cause some pesticides to break down prematurely. This is particularly true for the organophosphate insecticides but some herbicides can break down into inactive compounds in a matter of hours or minutes in alkaline situations (pH>7). For example, the insecticide Cygon (dimethoate) loses 50 percent of its pest control power in just 48 minutes when mixed in water of pH 9. At a pH of 6, however, it takes 12 hours for degradation to progress to that extent.
  • sulfonyl urea (SU) herbicides tend to break down more rapidly where the pH is below 7.
  • the herbicide 2,4-D (acid form) is an uncharged molecule.
  • 2,4-D tends to become more anionic, and more water-soluble, which can affect its movement in the environment.
  • Leaf coatings often have a high pH that can contribute to poor performance with certain herbicides.
  • the use of a buffering or acidifying adjuvant can stabilize or lower the pH of a spray solution thereby improving the stability of the pesticide being used.
  • Mineral control adjuvants are used to mask the problems associated with water hardness minerals in spray water which can diminish the effectiveness of many pesticides.
  • Mineral ions such as calcium, magnesium, iron, salts and carbonates are commonly found in hard water. These ions can bind with the active ingredients of some pesticides, especially the salt-formulation herbicides such as ROUNDUP® herbicide (glyphosate), POAST® herbicide (sethoxydim), PURSUIT® herbicide (imazethapyr), and LIBERTY® herbicide (glufosinate) resulting in poor weed control.
  • ROUNDUP is a registered mark of Monsanto Technology LLC of St. Louis, Missouri.
  • POAST is a registered mark of BASF Aktiengesellschaft of
  • PURSUIT is a registered mark of the American Cyanamid Company of Wayne, New Jersey.
  • LIBERTY is a registered mark of Bayer CropScience LP of Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
  • water- conditioning adjuvants gives hard water minerals something to bind with other than the herbicide.
  • ammonium sulfate-based adjuvants can be used to offset hard water problems.
  • Drift retardant adjuvants improve on-target placement of pesticide spray by increasing the average droplet size, since drift is a function of droplet size with drops with diameters of 100 microns or less tending to drift away from targeted areas.
  • - - Defoaming agent adjuvants are used to control the foam or frothy head often present in some spray tanks that results from the surfactant used and the type of spray tank agitation system can often can be reduced or eliminated by adding a small amount of foam inhibitor.
  • Thickener adjuvants increase the viscosity of spray mixtures which afford control over drift or slow evaporation after the spray has been deposited on the target area.
  • Oil-based adjuvants have been gaining in popularity especially for the control of grassy weeds.
  • crop oils crop oil concentrates (COC)
  • COC crop oil concentrates
  • Crop Oil adjuvants are derivative of paraffin-based petroleum oil. Paraffmic crop oils are generally 95-98% oil with 1 to 2% surfactant/emulsifier. Crop oils promote the penetration of a pesticide spray either through a waxy plant cuticle or through the tough chitinous shell of insects. Crop oils may also be important in helping solubilize less water-soluble herbicides such as POAST® (sethoxydim), FUSILADE® herbicide (fluaziprop-butyl) and atrazine.
  • POAST® sethoxydim
  • FUSILADE® herbicide fluaziprop-butyl
  • FUSILADE is a registered mark of Imperial Chemical Industries PLC of London, England. Traditional crop oils are more commonly used in insect and disease control than with herbicides.
  • Crop oil concentrates (COC) are a blend of crop oils (80-85%) and the nonionic surfactants (15-20%).
  • the purpose of the nonionic surfactant in this mixture is to emulsify the oil in the spray solution and lower the surface tension of the overall spray solution.
  • Vegetable oils work best when their lipophilic characteristics are enhanced, and one common method of achieving this is by esterification of common seed oils such as rapeseed, soybean, and cotton.
  • the methylated seed oils (MSO) are comparable in performance to the crop oil concentrates, in that they increase penetration of the pesticide.
  • silicone-based MSOs are also available that take advantage of the spreading ability of the silicone surfactant and the penetrating characteristics of the MSOs.
  • the special purpose or utility adjuvants are used to offset or correct certain conditions associated with mixing and application such as impurities in the spray solution, extreme pH levels, drift, and compatibility problems between pesticides and liquid fertilizers.
  • These adjuvants include acidifiers, buffering agents, water conditioners, anti-foaming agents, compatibility agents, and drift control agents.
  • Fertilizer-based adjuvants particularly nitrogen-based liquid fertilizers, have been frequently added to spray solutions to increase herbicide activity. Research has shown that the addition of ammonium sulfate to spray mixtures enhances herbicidal activity on a number of hard-to-kill broadleaf weeds.
  • Fertilizers containing ammonium nitrogen have increased the effectiveness of the certain polar, weak acid herbicides such as ACCENT® herbicide (nicosulfuron), BANVEL® herbicide (dicamba), BLAZER® herbicide (acifluorfen-sodium), ROUNDUP® herbicide (glyphosate), BASAGRAN® herbicide (bentazon), PO AST® herbicide (sethoxydim), PURSUIT® herbicide (imazethapyr), and 2,4-D amine.
  • ACCENT is a registered mark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
  • BANVEL-K is a registered mark of Sandoz AG, Basel, Switzerland.
  • BLAZER is the registered mark of Rohm and Haas Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
  • BASAGRAN is a registered mark of BASF Aktiengesellschaft of Ludwigshafen, Germany.
  • Early fertilizer-based adjuvants consisted of dry (spray-grade) ammonium sulfate (AMS) at 17 lbs per 100 gallons of spray volume (2%).
  • AMS ammonium sulfate
  • Studies of these adjuvants have shown improved ROUNDUP® herbicide efficacy. The improvements were most pronounced in spray water containing relatively large quantities of certain hard water ions, such as calcium and magnesium. It is thought that the ions in the fertilizer tied up or chelated the hard water ions thereby enhancing herbicidal action.
  • agricultural adjuvant when used in this specification and the appended claims means any material recognized by those skilled in the art of pesticides to be useful as an adjuvant material in connection with the formulation and/or use of a pesticide, and include all materials falling within the specific classes outlined above.
  • volatile aromatic solvents but rather they comprise characteristics of both aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons.
  • One illustrative example is that propylene carbonate is completely miscible in aromatic hydrocarbons, but is completely immiscible in aliphatic hydrocarbons.
  • propylene carbonate is very slightly soluble (0.5%) in JEFFSOL® AG 5230 solvent.
  • JEFFSOL® AG 5230 solvent behaves almost as a crop oil (aliphatic), but possesses some aromatic character. Since they are non- volatile, regulatory VOC issues are wholly minimized.
  • Aromatic distillates which are exemplified by the products Aromatic 100 solvent, Aromatic 150 solvent, and Aromatic 200 solvent, all available from the ExxonMobil Chemical Company, and including like products.
  • a popular emulsifier useful for formulating crop oils is sold by Huntsman Petrochemical Corporation of The Woodlands, Texas under the trade name of
  • solvent or MARLOTHERM® N heat transfer fluid provides a mixture which could be
  • composition according to the invention which is an emulsifier package.
  • composition according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, which is an emulsifler package.
  • a trifluralin solvent stock solution was prepared by dissolving 75 grams of trifluralin in 225 grams of JEFFSOL® AG 5230 solvent solvent to make a 25% (w/w) trifluralin solution. This stock solution was used in turn to produce the Emulsifier Stock Solutions specified below:
  • Emulsifier Stock Solution 1 5 grams of NANSA® EVM70/2E surfactant (Huntsman Petrochemical Corporation) was dissolved in 45 grams of trifluralin stock solution to produce a 10% emulsifier stock solution.
  • Emulsifier Stock Solution 2 5 grams of tall oil fatty acid (TOFA)
  • Emulsifier Stock Solution 3 5 grams of SURFONIC® L24-5 surfactant (Huntsman Petrochemical Corporation) was dissolved in 45 grams of trifluralin stock solution to produce a 10% emulsifier stock solution.
  • Working Solution 1 A working solution was prepared by combining and mixing, in a 20-milliliter (ml) glass vial: 3.3 grams of emulsifier stock solution 1; 3.3 grams emulsifier stock solution 2; and 3.4 ( grams of emulsifier stock solution 3. This working solution contains 10% of the emulsifier blend above in a 22.5% trifluralin solution.
  • a permethrin Solvent Stock Solution was prepared by dissolving 135 grams of permethrin in 165 grams of JEFFSOL® AG 5230 solvent to make a 45% (w/w) permethrin solution. This stock solution was used in turn to produce the Emulsifier Stock Solutions specified below. Emulsifier Stock Solution 4 - 5 grams of NANS A® EVM70/2E surfactant was dissolved in 45 grams of permethrin stock solution to produce a 10% emulsifier stock solution.
  • Emulsifier Stock Solution 5 5 grams of TOFA was dissolved in 45 grams of permethrin stock solution to produce a 10% emulsifier stock solution.
  • Emulsifier Stock Solution 6 5 grams of SURFONIC® L24-5 surfactant was dissolved in 45 grams of permethrin stock solution to produce a 10% emulsifier stock solution.
  • Working Solution 2 A working solution was prepared by combining and mixing, in a 20-ml glass vial: 3.3 grams of emulsifier stock solution 4; 3.3 grams of TOFA emulsifier stock solution 5; and 3.4 grams of emulsifier stock solution 6. This working solution contains 3.3% of each emulsifier mentioned above in a 40.5% permethrin solution.
  • Emulsifier Stock Solution 7 5 grams of NANS A® EVM70/2E surfactant
  • Emulsifier Stock Solution 8 5 grams of TOFA was dissolved in 45 grams of acetochlor stock solution to produce a 10% emulsifier stock solution.
  • Emulsifler Stock Solution 9 5 grams of SURFONIC® L24-5 surfactant was dissolved in 45 grams of acetochlor stock solution to produce a 10% emulsifier stock solution.
  • Working Solution 3 A working solution was made by combining, in a 20-ml glass vial, 3.3 grams of emulsifier stock solution 7; 3.3 grams of TOFA emulsifier stock solution 8; and 3.4 grams of emulsifier stock solution 9, and mixed well. This working solution contains 3.3% of each emulsifier mentioned above in a 40.5% Acetochlor solution.
  • a chlorpyrifos stock solution was prepared by dissolving 135 grams of chlorpyrifos in 165 grams in JEFFSOL® AG 5230 solvent to make a 45% (w/w) chlorpyrifos solution. This stock solution was used in turn to produce the emulsifier stock solutions specified below.
  • Emulsifier Stock Solution 10 5 grams of NANSA® EVM70/2E surfactant was dissolved in 45 grams of Chlorpyrifos stock solution to produce a 10% emulsifier stock solution.
  • Emulsffier Stock Solution 11 5 grams of TOFA (Tall Oil Fatty Acid- Arizona Chemical) was dissolved in 45 grams of Chlorpyrifos stock solution to produce a 10% emulsifier stock solution.
  • Emulsif ⁇ er Stock Solution 12 5 grams of SURFONIC® L24-5 surfactant was dissolved in 45 grams of Chlorpyrifos stock solution to produce a 10% emulsif ⁇ er stock solution.
  • Workins Solution 4 A working solution was made by combining, in a 20-ml glass vial, 3.3 grams of stock solution 10; 3.3 grams of emulsifier stock solution 11; and 3.4 grams of emulsifier stock solution 12, and mixed well. This working solution contains 3.3% of each emulsifier mentioned above in a 40.5% Chlorpyrifos solution.
  • a dithiopyr stock solution was prepared by dissolving 30 grams of dithiopyr in
  • Emulsifier Stock Solution 13 5 grams of NANS A® EVM70/2E surfactant was dissolved in 45 grams of Dithiopyr stock solution to produce a 10% emulsifier stock solution.
  • Working Solution 5 A working solution was made by combining, in a 20-ml glass vial, 3.3 grams of emulsifier stock solution 13; 3.3 grams of emulsifier stock solution 14; and 3.4 grams of emulsifier stock solution 15, and mixed well. This working solution contains 3.3% of each emulsifier mentioned above in a 9%
  • a carfentrazone stock solution was prepared by dissolving 30 grams of carfentrazone in 270 grams of JEFFSOL® AG 5230 solvent to make a 10% (w/w) carfentrazone solution. This stock solution was used in turn to produce the Emulsifier
  • Emulsifier Stock Solution 17 5 grams of TOFA was dissolved in 45 grams of Carfentrazone stock solution to produce a 10% emulsifier stock solution.
  • Nessler tubes The hardness of the water in each tube was 34 ppm, 342 ppm and 1000 ppm respectively, as measured using World Health Organization guidelines of determining water hardness.
  • One milliliter of Working Solution 6 was added to each tube and observed for bloom. The tubes were inverted 10 times to ensure mixing, then observed for emulsion quality for 1 hour.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

Certains modes de réalisation de la présente invention concernent une composition de matière utile dans des formulations agricoles, qui contient un ingrédient agricolement actif et une fraction hydrocarbonée comprenant un résidu issu de la production d'alkylbenzène.
PCT/US2006/013807 2005-04-14 2006-04-12 Alkylbenzenes et residus comme substituts aux solvants dans des applications agricoles Ceased WO2006113320A2 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1018441A3 (nl) * 2009-11-30 2010-11-09 Globachem Emulgeerbaar concentraat van een pesticide.

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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