WO2006103945A1 - 無声放電式プラズマ装置 - Google Patents
無声放電式プラズマ装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006103945A1 WO2006103945A1 PCT/JP2006/305238 JP2006305238W WO2006103945A1 WO 2006103945 A1 WO2006103945 A1 WO 2006103945A1 JP 2006305238 W JP2006305238 W JP 2006305238W WO 2006103945 A1 WO2006103945 A1 WO 2006103945A1
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- discharge
- glass tube
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- power supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T19/00—Devices providing for corona discharge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/10—Preparation of ozone
- C01B13/11—Preparation of ozone by electric discharge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2201/00—Preparation of ozone by electrical discharge
- C01B2201/10—Dischargers used for production of ozone
- C01B2201/12—Plate-type dischargers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2201/00—Preparation of ozone by electrical discharge
- C01B2201/10—Dischargers used for production of ozone
- C01B2201/14—Concentric/tubular dischargers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2201/00—Preparation of ozone by electrical discharge
- C01B2201/20—Electrodes used for obtaining electrical discharge
- C01B2201/22—Constructional details of the electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2201/00—Preparation of ozone by electrical discharge
- C01B2201/20—Electrodes used for obtaining electrical discharge
- C01B2201/24—Composition of the electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2201/00—Preparation of ozone by electrical discharge
- C01B2201/30—Dielectrics used in the electrical dischargers
- C01B2201/32—Constructional details of the dielectrics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2201/00—Preparation of ozone by electrical discharge
- C01B2201/30—Dielectrics used in the electrical dischargers
- C01B2201/34—Composition of the dielectrics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2201/00—Preparation of ozone by electrical discharge
- C01B2201/60—Feed streams for electrical dischargers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2201/00—Preparation of ozone by electrical discharge
- C01B2201/60—Feed streams for electrical dischargers
- C01B2201/64—Oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2201/00—Preparation of ozone by electrical discharge
- C01B2201/70—Cooling of the discharger; Means for making cooling unnecessary
- C01B2201/74—Cooling of the discharger; Means for making cooling unnecessary by liquid
- C01B2201/76—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2201/00—Preparation of ozone by electrical discharge
- C01B2201/90—Control of the process
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a silent discharge plasma apparatus, and more particularly to a silent discharge plasma apparatus having a conductive thin film electrode that can continue to operate safely only with a non-damaged part even when a dielectric is damaged.
- an electrode structure using a glass tube as a dielectric barrier is generally employed. Due to the presence of the dielectric barrier between the metal electrodes, the discharge generated between the metal electrodes repeatedly stops and generates without transferring to the arc.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-8-146071
- the high-voltage fuse is extremely expensive and has a problem of high cost because it cannot be used repeatedly.
- the present invention stops power supply to a damaged portion when a dielectric without using a high-voltage fuse is broken, and can continue operation safely only with a non-damaged portion.
- An object is to provide a silent discharge plasma apparatus.
- the present invention includes a dielectric, a pair of electrodes arranged opposite to each other with the dielectric interposed therebetween, and an AC power source that discharges by applying an AC voltage between the electrodes, and generates a discharge.
- a silent discharge type plasma generator for forming a plasma by supplying gas to a space, wherein at least one of the electrodes is formed of a conductive power supply thin film formed on a dielectric, and the dielectric is damaged and the electrode
- a silent discharge plasma generator characterized in that, when an arc discharge occurs in between, the generation of the arc discharge is stopped by extinguishing or oxidizing the feeding thin film in the portion where the arc discharge has occurred.
- the conductive thin film electrode instantaneously detects the short-circuit current, and the conductive thin film is selectively self-dissipated to stop the power supply. .
- plasma generation can be continued in all parts other than the self-disappearance part of the glass tube electrode having a broken part without causing an electrical short circuit.
- the glass tube electrode can be reduced in diameter, the plasma device can be made compact, and the cost can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the ozone generator according to the first embodiment, the whole being represented by 100.
- an ozone generator 100 has a ground electrode 1 and a high-voltage electrode 2 that are arranged to face each other with a predetermined gap length d.
- the ground electrode 1 and the high voltage electrode 2 are both coaxial cylindrical electrodes, and at least one dielectric 3 is disposed between them.
- This gap length d is called the discharge gap length
- the space formed by the discharge gap length is called the discharge space 4.
- One or both of the ground electrode 1 and the high voltage electrode 2 has a cooling water passage 5 through which tap water or pure water passes, and cools the discharge space 4.
- a gas containing oxygen is introduced as a source gas, and an AC high voltage is applied between the ground electrode 1 and the high voltage electrode 2 through the power supply member 7 connected to the drive power supply 6.
- the power supply member 7 is in contact with the high voltage electrode 2 outside the ground electrode 1!
- DURAN is a type of borosilicate glass and is a hard glass tube with an SiO content of 81% and excellent chemical durability.
- the discharge gap length d of the ozone generator 100 according to the first embodiment is 0.6 mm or less. Therefore, considering that the outer diameter tolerance of the glass tube is at least 1Z2 or less of the discharge gap length d and the withstand voltage performance of the glass, the length is 1500 mm, the wall thickness is 0.5 mm or more, and the outer diameter is 30 mm ⁇
- the following glass tubes were used. Since the glass tube used in the present invention has a small outer diameter, it has excellent mechanical strength and the amount of warpage in the longitudinal direction is extremely small.
- As the high voltage electrode 2 a conductive thin film formed by electroless nickel plating on the inner surface of the surface-treated glass tube was used.
- the conductive thin film can be brought into close contact with the glass tube without gaps and with appropriate strength by appropriate surface treatment of the inner surface of the glass tube.
- the arrow indicates the gas flow direction, and the ozone generated from the right end of the electrode is extracted.
- FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of an ozone generator having a conventional structure, which is generally indicated by 500, for comparison.
- a glass tube having an outer diameter of 100 mm or less and a larger diameter than the glass tube of the ozone generator 100 is used for the dielectric 103.
- a high voltage electrode 102 is formed on the inner surface of the glass tube by spraying, sputtering, vapor deposition or the like of a metal such as aluminum.
- the high-voltage electrode 102 can provide extremely strong adhesion without surface treatment on the inner surface of the glass tube.
- the film thickness is about several hundred / zm to keep the resistance value low.
- the power supply member 107 is in contact with the high voltage electrode 102 at a plurality of locations inside the ground electrode 101 fixed to the end plates 108 and 109 in order to supply power uniformly in the longitudinal direction of the high voltage electrode 102. Yes.
- the discharge space 104 is formed by the high voltage electrode 102 and the ground electrode 101, and silent discharge is generated.
- the number of electrode groups is adjusted according to the amount of ozone generation required and installed in the tank 111.
- a source gas containing oxygen is caused to flow in the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure, and is extracted as ozone.
- a high voltage fuse 110 is installed between the drive power source 106 and the power feeding member 107.
- arc discharge (arrow part) occurs immediately between the ground electrode 101 and the high voltage electrode 102 through the broken part 112 after the broken part 112 To do.
- a high-pressure fuse 110 is installed between the drive power source 106 and the power supply member 107 to protect the ozone generator 500 from a short-circuit current that flows when the glass tube is broken.
- the high-voltage fuse 110 connected to the broken glass tube is blown by the inflow of a short-circuit current, and the drive power supply 106 and the broken glass tube are electrically disconnected. Therefore, the damaged glass tube is replaced with a new one. Even if it is not, ozone generation can be continued only with a glass tube that is broken. However, glass tubes with damaged parts can never contribute to ozone generation.
- FIG. 4 shows another ozone generating apparatus 150 that is effective for the present embodiment, in which a plurality of electrodes shown in FIG. 1 are installed.
- a glass tube 11 in which a simulated damaged portion 10 as shown in FIG. 5 is formed in a plurality of electrodes (the high voltage electrode by the electroless nickel plating shown above is formed on the inner surface) Ozone was generated by mixing one of these.
- the simulated damaged part 10 is a through hole having a width of about lmm and a length of about 5mm.
- the operating condition of the ozone generator 150 is the applied voltage
- the peak value is about 5 to 12 kVp, and the frequency is 0.3 kHz to 10 kHz.
- FIG. 6 is a photograph of the appearance of the simulated damaged portion 10 after the discharge is continued for several minutes. From FIG. 6, it can be seen that only the high-voltage electrode around 10 mm around the simulated damaged part 10 is peeled off and disappeared (the peeled and lost part is indicated by reference numeral 12).
- the high-voltage electrode composed of the conductive thin film around the damaged part disappears due to peeling, evaporation, or sublimation due to thermal effects due to overcurrent (short-circuit current).
- the high-voltage electrode itself instantaneously detects a short-circuit current due to arc discharge, and the high-voltage electrode in the region corresponding to the creepage distance where the arc discharge is considered to stop almost self-extinguishes.
- This action that can selectively stop the discharge only around the damaged part is the same action as a high-voltage fuse, and the high-voltage electrode in the present invention is equivalent to an infinite number of high-voltage fuses connected in parallel. It is thought that.
- the self-disappearance effect of the high-voltage electrode is affected by the material and film thickness of the high-voltage electrode and the adhesive force between the glass tube. High voltage electrodes need to disappear instantly due to arc discharge at the time of breakage, so excessive film thickness and adhesion are not required.
- FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the ten-point average surface roughness R z of the inner surface of the glass tube and the film thickness of the high voltage electrode in the ozone generator according to the present invention.
- the electroless nickel plating formation conditions (Condition A) were constant.
- the vertical axis shows the film thickness m) of the high-voltage electrode
- the horizontal axis shows the ten-point average roughness Rz (m) of the inner surface of the glass tube before electroless nickel plating.
- a high-voltage electrode cannot be formed with an appropriate degree of adhesion.
- the substrate is surface-treated to give an anchor effect. If the degree of adhesion is too small, peeling occurs during partial peeling or when a power supply member is installed. Since the magnitude and size of the anchor effect given by the material and shape of the base material and the high-voltage electrode material change, the optimum values for the thickness of the coating film and the surface roughness of the glass tube are determined based on the results shown in Fig. 7. There is a need. From FIG. 7, it can be seen that Rz increases, that is, the force that increases the unevenness of the inner surface of the glass tube, and the film thickness of the formed high voltage electrode tends to increase.
- the thickness of the high-voltage electrode that can be formed hardly changes at about 0.6 ⁇ m.
- the resistance value in the longitudinal direction of the high-voltage electrode is preferably 1000 ⁇ or less in consideration of uniform power supply and heat loss within the same high-voltage electrode.
- this resistance value varies depending on the length of the high voltage electrode.
- the resistivity of the electroless nickel plated film used in this embodiment is on the order of 10 _6 ⁇ 'm, 2 orders of magnitude are greater summer and nickel (10_ 8 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) of Balta.
- Fig. 8 (a) shows the relationship between the discharge gap length d of the ozone generator and the resistance value of the high voltage electrode at which the heat loss at the high voltage electrode is 1% of the discharge power.
- the vertical axis indicates the resistance value ( ⁇ ) of the high-voltage electrode
- the horizontal axis indicates the discharge gap length d (mm)
- the discharge power density of the ozone generator is 0.1, 0.
- the relationship with 25 and 0.5 WZcm 2 is shown.
- the operating frequency is 0.3kHz.
- FIG. 8B shows the relationship between the film thickness (z m) of the high-voltage electrode and the discharge gap length d (mm) under the same conditions as in FIG. 8A. From FIG. 8 (b), it can be seen that in the operating region of the ozone generator according to the present invention, it is effective that the film thickness of the high voltage electrode is 0.05 / zm or more. In other words, when the discharge gap length d is 0.6 mm or less, it is obvious that the film thickness of the high voltage electrode should be 0.05 m or more in order to reduce the heat loss to 1% or less of the discharge power. .
- the operating frequency is 0.3 to: In LOkHz, the film thickness of the high-voltage electrode is set to 0.05 m to l. As a result, it was confirmed that the self-dissipation effect was obtained with certain high voltage electrodes.
- the operating frequency is preferably lower, and the operating frequency is more preferably 0.8 to 6 kHz from the viewpoint of reducing the voltage peak value applied to the ozone generator.
- the film thickness of the high-voltage electrode by the electroless nickel plating can be defined by considering the surface roughness of the glass tube as the base material and heat loss, and this is due to cost and other considerations. Further optimization is possible.
- the ten-point surface average roughness of the substrate on which the high-voltage electrode is formed It was found that the thickness should be 15 m or less and the film thickness of the high-voltage electrode should be 0.05 ⁇ m or more.
- a high voltage electrode can be formed by electrolytic plating, thermal spraying, vapor deposition, sputtering, or application of a conductive paint.
- thermal spraying, vapor deposition, sputtering or paint application it is not always necessary to treat the inner surface of the glass tube.
- electrolytic plating it is preferable to perform the same surface treatment as electroless plating.
- Figure 9 shows the relationship between the various high-voltage electrode thicknesses formed by such a method and the adhesive strength between the glass tubes. In Fig.
- the vertical axis shows the adhesion (MPa) obtained by the tensile test
- the horizontal axis shows the high-voltage electrode film thickness (m). From Fig. 9, it can be seen that when the high-voltage electrode film thickness exceeds 10 m, the adhesion increases.
- all the electrodes in Fig. 9 were tested for confirming the self-disappearance effect of the high-voltage electrode as in Fig. 6, it was confirmed that the self-disappearance effect was realized in all the high-voltage electrodes.
- the self-disappearance effect of the high voltage electrode in the present invention can be realized in a high voltage electrode having a film thickness of 100 m or less. Therefore, when considered together with the case where electroless nickel plating is used as the high voltage electrode, the film thickness of the high voltage electrode necessary for the self-disappearance effect is 0.05 to LOO / zm.
- the high-voltage electrode does not peel off spontaneously! Even if it has an appropriate degree of adhesion, it has no problem in the present invention, so it is not necessary to increase the degree of adhesion more than necessary. It is more desirable to form high voltage electrodes at 05-10m.
- the high voltage electrode that has detected the short-circuit current disappears while maintaining a creepage distance sufficient to stop the arc discharge instantaneously.
- creeping discharge through the glass tube from the end of the high-voltage electrode to the ground electrode may cause the high-voltage extreme portion to deteriorate and disappear. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the optimum creepage distance between the end of the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode.
- the creepage distance L between the high voltage electrode 2 and the ground electrode 1 needs to be at least 10 mm.
- the part about 10mm around the broken part 14 is the initial disappearance part 15 due to the thermal effect of instantaneous arc discharge. Self disappears. Maintaining a strong state and continuing the generation of ozone, the self-disappearing part may be confirmed to have disappeared by a distance L from the damaged part 14 due to creeping discharge from the end of the high-voltage electrode. is there.
- the distance L was about 5 to: about LOmm.
- This oxide layer 13 acts as an electric field relaxation layer having a semiconductivity of about 2 mm, which is not an insulator, and has stopped creeping discharge.
- the self-disappearance part of the high-voltage electrode remains after the instantaneous arc discharge until the creepage distance L of about 10 mm is formed on both sides in the longitudinal direction including the initial disappearance part 15 with respect to the damaged part 14, that is, the self-disappearance part. It is necessary to consider the possibility of continuing disappearance by creeping discharge until the disappearance range reaches about 20 mm.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 are cross-sectional views showing the arrangement of the high-voltage power supply member of the ozone generator 100 according to the present invention.
- the feeding member 7 is in contact with the high voltage electrode 2 outside the ground electrode 1 and does not exist inside the ground electrode 1.
- FIG. 12 shows the case where the power supply member 7 is in contact with the high voltage electrode 2 inside the ground electrode 1 and the glass tube is broken in the vicinity of the contact position of the power supply member 7 to form a damaged portion 16. Since the self-disappearing portion 17 of the high-voltage electrode 2 may be about 20 mm, the self-disappearing portion 17 extends to the contact position of the feeding member 7 in the case shown in FIG.
- the high-voltage electrode 2 has a disappearing force.
- a discharge path is formed directly from the power supply member 7 that does not self-disappear to the ground electrode 1, arc discharge occurs, and the ozone generator is short-circuited.
- the power supply member 7 can effectively eliminate the high voltage electrode 2 by contacting the high voltage electrode 2 outside the ground electrode 1, that is, outside the discharge space.
- the power supply member 7 is at least 10 mm from the end of the ground electrode 1. It is preferable to install with the creepage distance L above. By bringing the power supply member 7 into contact in this way, breakage of the glass tube at any position in the discharge space can be detected without causing a short circuit.
- the glass tube is actually broken on the ozone outlet side (the right end of the ground electrode in FIG. 11). Therefore, if the power supply member 7 is installed on the source gas inlet side (the left end of the ground electrode in FIG. 11), the power supply member 7 may be in contact with the high voltage electrode 2 inside the ground electrode 1. In some cases, there are cases.
- the most downstream force which is a general damaged part, maintains a sufficient distance to the position where the power supply member contacts, so even if the glass tube breaks, only a part of the ozone outlet side disappears itself. This part continues normal ozone generation. Therefore, it is possible to safely continue the ozone generation with almost no decrease in ozone generation or short circuit.
- a dielectric (glass tube) having a diameter of about 80 mm has been used. Since the amount of ozone generated and the number of glass tube electrodes are in a proportional relationship, the number of glass tubes increases to increase the amount of ozone generated, and the diameter of the ozone generator tank that houses the glass tube increases. Therefore, by reducing the diameter of the glass tube and increasing the degree of integration of the glass tube electrode in the ozone generator tank, the diameter of the ozone generator tank can be reduced while maintaining the amount of ozone generated.
- the diameter of the glass tube 103 is ⁇
- the distance between adjacent glass tubes is L
- the diameter of the high-voltage fuse 110 is ⁇
- the discharge area of the ozone generator is the glass tube
- Terminal lb of high voltage fuse 110 is at ground potential.
- the applied voltage peak value is about 10 kV
- a high voltage is applied to terminal 2b of the adjacent high-voltage fuse 110a, and a high voltage of about 10 kV is applied between terminals lb and 2b. Voltage is applied It is.
- the insulation distance lL should be set to 15 mm or more to prevent dielectric breakdown at a voltage of about 10 kV. There is a need. This insulation distance increases the temperature of the high-voltage fuse
- L 65 mm, and insulation can be maintained. On the other hand, L is more than 15mm
- the glass tube diameter In order to maintain it, the glass tube diameter must be 30 mm or more. Although the diameter of the glass tube can be further reduced by reducing the diameter of the high-voltage fuse, the outer diameter of 20 mm was a technical limit from the viewpoint of designing the high-voltage fuse. In other words, as long as a high-voltage fuse is installed and short-circuit protection is performed, it is technically difficult to reduce the glass tube diameter to 30 mm or less, and short-circuit protection by the high-pressure fuse is the rate-limiting factor for the compactness of the ozone generator. It was.
- the outer diameter of the glass tube can be reduced to ⁇ 3 Omm or less.
- the outer diameter of the glass tube was set to 30 mm or less and the wall thickness was set to 0.5 mm or more.
- Such a glass tube is extremely excellent in mechanical and thermal strength (heat resistance), so if the glass tube breaks due to loss of withstand voltage performance! A partially fractured form of a through-hole shape as shown in this embodiment is shown without being in a “cracking” state.
- thermal stress is applied by instantaneous arc discharge immediately before the self-extinguishment of the high-voltage electrode, “cracking” will not occur in the same way.
- the breakage is in the form of a minute through hole, so that a large amount of source gas flow does not flow into the glass tube having a broken part. Bias There is almost no decrease in the amount of ozone generated due to.
- the outer diameter tolerance of the glass tube cannot compensate for the discharge gap length accuracy, and the glass tube may be broken in the form of breakage. Not desirable for implementation.
- DURAN used in the present invention is a glass tube equivalent to the first grade (generally SiO content of 80% or more, heat-resistant temperature 250 ° C) on the hard glass tube shown in JIS standard. is there. Force
- a glass tube equivalent to grade 2 (approximately 80% or less SiO content, heat-resistant temperature 180 ° C)
- the strength and thermal strength are lower than those of the first grade, it is not desirable to use it because it contains cracks in the form of breakage, as in the case of glass tubes exceeding ⁇ 30mm.
- the glass corresponding to the hard grade 1 there are quartz glass and high silicate glass in addition to borosilicate glass, and the same effects as in the present embodiment can be obtained.
- the SiO content is 80% or less, the softening point is extremely high.
- the self-disappearance of the high-voltage electrode is considered to be caused by heat input due to arc discharge generated by an instantaneous short circuit.
- the coefficient of thermal expansion (linear expansion coefficient) can be cited as a physical property value that serves as a standard for selecting a glass tube for heat input.
- Thermal expansion coefficient of the "DURA Nj used in this embodiment (20 ° C ⁇ 300 ° C) is 3. 3 X 10- 6 ⁇ - 1 and had been.
- Thermal expansion coefficients in different other glass tube In the same way as in Fig. 6, a simulated damaged part was formed, and a test for confirming the self-disappearance effect of the high-voltage electrode was conducted, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- Table 1 shows the high voltage electrode film thickness, thermal expansion coefficient, presence / absence of the self-extinguishing effect of each glass tube, and the state of the glass tube after the confirmation test. From Table 1, the self-disappearance of the high-voltage electrode was confirmed in all the glass tubes, and the same effect as in the present embodiment was obtained. However, in the glass tube thermal expansion coefficient of 9. 8 ⁇ 10- 6 ⁇ - 1, although the self-elimination of the high voltage electrode was confirmed, cracks occurred in the glass tube. Furthermore, the thermal expansion coefficient reached the glass tube is 10. 8 X 10- 6 ⁇ _1 are also generated "cracking". This is because the coefficient of thermal expansion is Because of its large size, it is considered that the glass tube was unable to maintain its shape against the heat input due to instantaneous arc discharge and was damaged.
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass tube that can be used Te present invention odor is less than about 10 X 10- 6 K _1, Do generates significant deformation by heat input due to the arc discharge ( "crack")! ⁇ Heat resistance is required.
- the dielectric used in the ozone generator 100 according to the present invention is not limited to a glass tube, but is ⁇ 30 mm or less, a thickness of 0.5 mm or more, such as ceramic tubes G and H described in Table 1, and thermal expansion coefficient may be ceramic tube of less than 10 X 10- 6 K _1.
- the thickness is 1. Omm or more.
- the damaged form at the time of abnormality is a through-hole-like partial breakage.
- the self-dissipation effect of the high voltage electrode could be realized.
- a conductive thin film with a thickness of 0.05-100 ⁇ m, preferably 0.05-10m, is formed as a high voltage electrode on a powerful glass tube, and the high voltage is at least 10mm from the end of the ground electrode.
- Power is supplied to the high-voltage electrode from a remote position by a power supply member.
- the high-voltage electrode detects the short-circuit current instantly and self-dissipates while ensuring a creepage distance sufficient to stop significant arc discharge. For this reason, it is possible to selectively stop discharge only at the damaged portion without short-circuiting the ozone generator without using an expensive protective device such as a high-voltage fuse.
- the short-circuit protection operation can be realized without using a high-voltage fuse.
- Fig. 13 that is, it is confirmed that the short-circuit protection operation similar to that of the first embodiment can be realized by oxidizing the high voltage electrode around the damaged portion 18 instead of disappearing. did it.
- FIG. 13 is a partial cross-sectional view of the ozone generator according to the second embodiment. Same as Figure 1 The sign indicates the same or corresponding part.
- the high-voltage electrode 2 is a conductive thin film formed in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and shows a state in which the glass tube 3 has undergone penetration failure at the damaged portion 18. In this case, in the damaged portion 18, the high voltage electrode 2 does not peel, evaporate, or sublime, and remains as the oxide layer 19 on the inner surface of the glass tube 3.
- the oxide layer 19 has an electric resistance value because it has an extremely high electric resistance value compared to other high-voltage electrodes and is not completely insulating but semiconductive. For this reason, there is an effect of suppressing the arc discharge generated between the ground electrode 1 and the high voltage electrode 2 through the damaged portion 18.
- the high-voltage electrode disappears or remains as an oxide layer when the glass tube is broken is considered to be due to the capacity of the ozone generator (capacity of the driving power supply) and the magnitude of the short-circuit current.
- the high-voltage electrode does not disappear, remains as an oxide layer, and there is almost no decrease in the amount of ozone generated without short-circuiting Ozone generation can be continued only in the area.
- the high-voltage electrode itself can perform a short circuit protection operation due to breakage of the glass tube without using an expensive high-voltage fuse. For this reason, by not using a high-voltage fuse, it is possible to reduce costs and mitigate energy loss due to the high-voltage fuse, and to use a small-diameter glass tube, which makes it possible to make the ozone generator compact.
- ozone generators that is, ozone generators with an ozone generation amount of about lOkgZh or less, if the glass tube breaks, the self-dissipation area of the high-voltage electrode is as shown in Embodiment 1. Very small!
- FIG. 1 when the conductive thin film as shown in Embodiment 1 is formed as a high-voltage electrode and the glass tube is broken, FIG. As shown in Fig. 2, all high-voltage electrodes from the contact position of the power supply member 7 and the high-voltage electrode 2 to the through-hole-shaped initial damaged part 20 of the glass tube 3 are caused by arc discharge. May self-disappear due to thermal effects (self-disappearing part 21).
- FIG. 15 shows the output voltage and output current waveforms of the drive power supply when the glass tube is damaged in the 40 kgZh class large-capacity ozone generator.
- Time t Oms indicates the moment when the initial fracture 20 is formed in the glass tube.
- the output voltage is further reduced from 4 kV to 2 kV, and the power output current is maintained at about 150 A.
- the period from the moment when the glass tube breaks to 50 ms is the time for the high voltage electrode 2 to self-disappear and form the self-disappearing portion 21, during which the gas temperature inside the glass tube 3 It shows that the degree begins to rise gradually.
- the controller shown in Fig. 16 is used, and the ozone generator and the drive are driven according to the timing chart shown in Fig. 17. What is necessary is just to control a power supply. That is, by using a powerful control method, even if the glass tube is broken, the final broken portion as described above is not formed, and it is not necessary to stop the ozone generation facility.
- control device shown in Fig. 16 monitors the output voltage and output current of the drive power supply, and the output voltage and output current during normal operation (when the glass tube is not damaged). Detect by comparing with the value. If the difference between the output voltage and output current value during normal operation increases, issue an operation stop command to the power supply circuit and stop the drive power supply.
- the operation is stopped again and the ozone generator is stopped.
- the voltage may be applied again with a stop time of about 10 s. If the arc plasma extinction time is long, the insulation can be recovered by providing a stop time of about 10 s. If the output voltage still drops even after the 10s stop time is set, it is necessary to stop the ozone generator because some abnormality has occurred.
- a high voltage electrode as shown in Embodiment 1 is used. If used, a wide range of self-disappearance may occur as in the third embodiment.
- the feeding member 7 is grounded. If contact is made with the high voltage electrode 2 at a position at least 10 mm away from the end of the electrode 1, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained even if the glass tube is damaged.
- the contact position force between the power supply member 7 and the high-voltage electrode 2 is also caused by arc discharge of all the high-voltage electrodes up to the broken hole 20 in the through-hole shape of the glass tube 3. Self-disappears due to thermal effects (self-disappearing part 21 is indicated by a dotted line).
- Embodiment 3 when the input power density increases, the control method shown in Embodiment 3 is used to stop ozone generation before the self-dissipating part reaches the power supply member 7, and restart after the arc is extinguished. I prefer to do that.
- FIG. 19 shows a structure in which a dielectric 23 is provided on the ground electrode 1 of the ozone generator 100 shown in Embodiment 1.
- the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same or corresponding parts.
- the dielectric 23 can be formed on the inner surface of the ground electrode 1 made of a stainless steel tube by glass lining, hough or ceramic spraying. Further, a glass tube having the same type and different diameter as that of the dielectric 3 may be joined to the ground electrode 1 as the dielectric 23.
- the high voltage electrode around the broken portion is self-dissipated by peeling, evaporation, sublimation, or the like. Or oxidize and self-suppress arc discharge.
- the cost can be reduced by not using a high-voltage fuse, energy loss can be mitigated by the high-voltage fuse, and a glass tube with a small diameter can be used, so that the ozone generator can be made compact.
- the dielectric 24 can be a glass tube or a ceramic tube.
- the ground electrode 1 may be formed of electroless nickel plating or the like as in the case of the high voltage electrode 2, and the ground electrode 1 having a thickness of 0.05 to L00 ⁇ m may be formed on the inner surface of the dielectric 24. [0077] By using a powerful structure, the above-described self-disappearing effect is also imparted to the ground electrode 1.
- the ground electrode 1 around the damaged part is self-dissipated or oxidized due to peeling, evaporation, sublimation or the like, and the arc discharge is self-suppressed. For this reason, the high-speed detection of the short circuit detection and the reliability of the electrical disconnection of the damaged part are improved.
- the ground electrode around the broken portion also suppresses arc discharge due to self-disappearance or acidification by evaporation and sublimation.
- arc discharge due to self-disappearance or acidification by evaporation and sublimation.
- the structure according to the present invention can be applied to a parallel plate type ozone generator which is not limited to the cylindrical multi-tube ozone generator shown in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 21 and 22 are cross-sectional views of the parallel plate ozone generator according to the seventh embodiment, the whole being represented by 200.
- FIG. 21 and 22 are cross-sectional views of the parallel plate ozone generator according to the seventh embodiment, the whole being represented by 200.
- the parallel plate ozone generator 200 includes a ground electrode 1 and a high-voltage electrode 2 disposed so as to face the ground electrode 1.
- a dielectric 3 is provided on the surface of the high voltage electrode 2, and a discharge space 4 is formed between the ground electrode 1 and the dielectric 3.
- a high frequency power source 6 is connected between the ground electrode 1 and the high voltage electrode 2.
- high-voltage power supply can be performed by supplying power to the power supply point 25 outside the outer diameter ⁇ of the ground electrode 1 or the ground electrode as shown in FIG. 1 is preferably performed by the feeding point 26 inside the inner diameter ⁇ .
- the arrow indicates the direction of gas flow, which flows from the outer periphery of the electrode toward the center of the electrode.
- the feeding points 25 and 26 need to have a creepage distance L from the end of the high-voltage electrode 2.
- the high voltage electrode 2 of the ozone generator 100 shown in Fig. 1 is stainless steel, chromium, gold, silver, tin
- Embodiment 1 Zinc, copper, carbon, or aluminum as the main component, or Embodiment 1
- Embodiments 1 and 2 can also be confirmed in the case of being made of nickel described in 2 and a conductive compound containing nickel as a main component. That is, when the glass tube breaks, the high-voltage electrode around the broken part self-disappears or oxidizes due to peeling, evaporation, or sublimation, and self-suppresses arc discharge. As a result, there is almost no decrease in the amount of ozone generated without using a high-voltage fuse or short-circuiting! / It is possible to continue generating ozone only in the non-damaged part in the state.
- Stainless steel, chromium, gold, silver, tin, zinc, copper, and aluminum are formed as an electroless or electrolytic plating film, a thermal spray coating, a vapor deposition coating, a sputtering coating, and a paint coating as in the first embodiment. It was confirmed when it was formed on the inner surface of the glass tube. For example, carbon may be applied to the inner surface of the glass tube with a carbon slurry such as carbon ultrafine particles. Similarly, the conductive compound containing any of the above can be formed as an electroless or electrolytic plating film, thermal spray coating, vapor deposition, sputtering, or paint.
- the surface temperature of the high voltage electrode of the ozone generator according to the present invention is about 100 ° C. under the operating conditions where the discharge gap length d is 0.6 mm and the discharge power density is 0.5 WZcm 2 . If the glass tube is damaged, the temperature rises further rapidly due to instantaneous arc discharge. For this reason, when a metal having a melting point of about 150 to 200 ° C is used for the high voltage electrode, the high voltage electrode can be self-disappeared when the glass tube breaks regardless of the film thickness of the high voltage electrode.
- the high voltage electrode melts in the damaged portion where the temperature has suddenly increased, and cannot be present on the inner surface of the glass tube, and the high voltage is selectively not supplied to only the damaged portion. Therefore, it is possible to safely generate ozone in non-damaged parts without using a high-voltage fuse or short-circuiting. Can continue life.
- Metals such as indium and lithium are suitable as a material for the high voltage electrode. If the operating conditions of the ozone generator are changed and the maximum value of the high-voltage electrode surface temperature changes, it is sufficient to select a metal having a melting point corresponding to the maximum value as the electrode material.
- the silent discharge of the present invention is applied to a laser oscillator.
- (A) to (c) of FIG. 23 are cross-sectional views of the electrode structure of the silent discharge CO laser oscillator according to the tenth embodiment, the whole of which is represented by 301 to 303.
- the cylindrical ground electrode 1 and the high-voltage electrode 2 formed on the inner peripheral surface of the dielectric 3 are respectively installed in the insulator 28, and the discharge space Form 4.
- the high voltage electrode 2 is a conductive thin film similar to that shown in the first embodiment.
- a cooling water passage 5 is formed inside the ground electrode 1, and a dielectric 27 is installed on the outer periphery thereof.
- a laser gas containing carbon dioxide is introduced into the discharge space 4 and laser oscillation is performed.
- the high voltage electrode 2 By forming the high voltage electrode 2 similar to that of the first embodiment, when the dielectric is damaged, the high voltage electrode around the damaged part instantaneously detects the short-circuit current, and the high voltage electrode 2 self-disappears. Or, since it oxidizes, power supply can be selectively stopped only around the damaged part. As a result, laser oscillation can be continued only in the non-damaged portion without using a high-voltage fuse or short-circuiting. As a result, the cost can be reduced by not using the high-voltage fuse, and the energy loss due to the high-voltage fuse can be reduced.
- the high voltage electrode 2 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the dielectric 3, and the insulator 29 and the cooling water passage 5 are further provided therein.
- the cooling water may be general tap water in addition to pure water or ion exchange water.
- the insulator 29 insulates electrical continuity by cooling water, and also acts as an adsorbent that adsorbs the high-voltage electrode 2 that self-dissipates due to evaporation and sublimation in the event of an abnormality. Therefore, it is preferable to select a material having an insulating property and relatively porous, that is, a large surface area for the insulator 29.
- the insulator 29 functions only for cooling water insulation.
- the dielectric 30 is arranged in a flat plate shape and the cooling water flow is made.
- the ground electrode 1 having the path 5 and the high-voltage electrode 2 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cooling water path 5 and the insulator 29 are arranged. Even in such a structure, the same effects as those of the laser transmitters 301 and 302 were obtained.
- the power supply point on the high voltage side is installed in a portion not facing the discharge space, so that the self-extinguishing effect of the high voltage electrode 2 is further increased. .
- the silent discharge of the present invention is applied to a harmful gas decomposition apparatus.
- Fig. 24 shows the electrode structure of a lean noxious gas decomposing apparatus represented by an overall force of 00, where (a) shows a cross-sectional view and (b) shows a vertical cross-sectional view.
- the harmful gas refers to VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) gas, chlorofluorocarbon, PFC (Perfluoro Comounds) and the like typified by toluene and xylene.
- VOC Volatile Organic Compounds
- PFC Perfluoro Comounds
- the adsorbent 31 is filled in the discharge space 4 formed by the ground electrode 1, the high voltage electrode 2, and the dielectric 3. Further, a metal pipe 33 having a cooling water passage 5 is disposed in the high voltage electrode 2 through an insulator 32.
- the high voltage electrode 2 is formed by the conductive thin film shown in the first embodiment.
- the harmful gas introduced into the discharge space 4 is simultaneously decomposed by plasma and adsorbed and removed by the adsorbent. For this reason, harmful gases can be removed with extremely high efficiency.
- the high-voltage electrode around the damaged part instantaneously detects the short-circuit current and self-dissipates or oxidizes, so power supply is selectively stopped only around the damaged part. can do.
- cost can be reduced by not using a high-voltage fuse, energy loss due to the high-voltage fuse can be mitigated, and a small-diameter dielectric can be used, making it possible to use a compact hazardous gas decomposition device.
- the insulator 32 it is preferable to select a relatively porous material for the insulator 32 so that the high-voltage electrode 2 that self-dissipates due to evaporation and sublimation in the event of an abnormality can be adsorbed. Yes.
- the silent discharge of the present invention is applied to a semiconductor manufacturing process apparatus such as a RIE (Reactive Ion Etching) apparatus or a CDV (Chemical Vapor Deposition) apparatus.
- FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view of a CVD apparatus to which the present invention is applied
- FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of an RIE apparatus to which the present invention is applied.
- the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 indicate the same or corresponding parts.
- the power supply position on the high voltage side is preferably the non-discharge portion inside the ground electrode as described in the seventh embodiment.
- the arrows shown in FIG. 25 indicate the gas flow direction, and the wafer to be processed is placed on the ground electrode 1.
- the gas flow direction is different from that in FIG. 25, and the source gas is introduced from the insulating shower head 35 in which a large number of small holes are formed.
- the conductive thin film shown in the first embodiment is used for the ground electrode 1.
- the wafer to be processed is placed on the dielectric 3 formed on the high voltage electrode 2.
- the insulator 36 is a guard part that suppresses discharge.
- the high voltage electrode 2 and the plasma reactor vessel 34 are insulated. Even in such a structure, the same effect as the CVD apparatus in FIG. 25 was obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an ozone generator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional ozone generator.
- FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a conventional ozone generator.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of another ozone generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the ten-point average surface roughness Rz of the inner surface of the glass tube and the film thickness of the high-voltage electrode in the ozone generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the discharge gap length d, the resistance value, and the film thickness of the ozone generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view of the ozone generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view of the ozone generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view of the ozone generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a partial cross-sectional view of an ozone generator according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a partial cross-sectional view of an ozone generator according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a timing chart used in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a partial cross-sectional view of an ozone generator according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a partial sectional view of an ozone generator according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a partial cross-sectional view of an ozone generator according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of an ozone generator according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a sectional view of an ozone generator according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Drying Of Semiconductors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06729235.9A EP1870974B1 (en) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-03-16 | Silent discharge type plasma device |
| CN2006800061653A CN101128964B (zh) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-03-16 | 无声放电式等离子体装置 |
| JP2007510383A JP4510882B2 (ja) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-03-16 | 無声放電式プラズマ装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005091426 | 2005-03-28 | ||
| JP2005-091426 | 2005-03-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006103945A1 true WO2006103945A1 (ja) | 2006-10-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2006/305238 Ceased WO2006103945A1 (ja) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-03-16 | 無声放電式プラズマ装置 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP1870974B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4510882B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101128964B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006103945A1 (ja) |
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| JP2010515221A (ja) * | 2006-12-28 | 2010-05-06 | ネーデルランツ オルガニサティー フォール トゥーゲパストナトゥールヴェテンシャッペリーク オンデルズーク テーエンオー | 表面誘電体バリア放電プラズマユニット、および表面プラズマを発生させる方法 |
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| CN101891155A (zh) * | 2009-05-19 | 2010-11-24 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 臭氧产生装置 |
| WO2011033849A1 (ja) * | 2009-09-15 | 2011-03-24 | 三菱電機株式会社 | プラズマ生成装置 |
| JP2012144425A (ja) * | 2010-12-21 | 2012-08-02 | Toshiba Corp | オゾン発生装置 |
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| JP5405296B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-05 | 2014-02-05 | オーニット株式会社 | 低温プラズマ発生体 |
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| WO2013030559A1 (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2013-03-07 | Aqua21 Limited | Ozone generator |
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| US8337767B2 (en) | 2009-05-19 | 2012-12-25 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Ozone generating apparatus |
| WO2011033849A1 (ja) * | 2009-09-15 | 2011-03-24 | 三菱電機株式会社 | プラズマ生成装置 |
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| US9524854B2 (en) | 2011-01-25 | 2016-12-20 | Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. | Electrostatic remote plasma source system and method |
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| WO2023199504A1 (ja) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-10-19 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 放電装置の製造方法および放電装置 |
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| JP2024011537A (ja) * | 2022-07-15 | 2024-01-25 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | オゾン発生体、及びオゾン発生器 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1870974A4 (en) | 2011-09-07 |
| EP1870974B1 (en) | 2014-05-07 |
| EP2479856B1 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
| CN101128964A (zh) | 2008-02-20 |
| EP2479856A1 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
| EP1870974A1 (en) | 2007-12-26 |
| JPWO2006103945A1 (ja) | 2008-09-04 |
| JP4510882B2 (ja) | 2010-07-28 |
| CN101128964B (zh) | 2012-05-09 |
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