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WO2006034408A2 - Systeme et procede pour le calibrage d'un coeur pour le traitement de l'insuffisance cardiaque globale - Google Patents

Systeme et procede pour le calibrage d'un coeur pour le traitement de l'insuffisance cardiaque globale Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006034408A2
WO2006034408A2 PCT/US2005/033990 US2005033990W WO2006034408A2 WO 2006034408 A2 WO2006034408 A2 WO 2006034408A2 US 2005033990 W US2005033990 W US 2005033990W WO 2006034408 A2 WO2006034408 A2 WO 2006034408A2
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Prior art keywords
sizer
left ventricle
heart
patient
apex
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WO2006034408A3 (fr
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CHF Technologies Inc
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CHF Technologies Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Measuring devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/107—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/1075—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof for measuring dimensions by non-invasive methods, e.g. for determining thickness of tissue layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6867—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive specially adapted to be attached or implanted in a specific body part
    • A61B5/6869—Heart

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to heart surgery.
  • Congestive heart failure affects 5 million people in the United States, and the NIH reports that 550,000 new cases are diagnosed every year (U.S.). World-wide, the figure is estimated at 22 million. Death rates have grown at an almost exponential rate. Congestive heart failure is the most common discharge diagnosis among Americans over age 65. [0003] Congestive heart failure is a clinical syndrome with heterogeneous etiologies including ischemic cardiomyopathy, valve dysfunction, hypertensive cardiomyopathy, chemotherapy, alcohol abuse, radiation injury, idiopathic conditions, and others. Therapy is directed at the underlying cause, such as coronary revascularization, valve replacement, biventricular pacing, and extensive drug usage, leveled at both the source and the symptoms. Unfortunately, the collective results of all available therapies in the treatment of congestive heart failure are disappointing. Pharmacology and electrical resynchronization have improved the symptoms in many cases, but direct approaches to improving the function of the weakened heart muscle, the common thread in all cases, are few.
  • Congestive heart failure is characterized by inadequate cardiac output, regardless of primary cause.
  • One common cause of congestive heart failure is a previous heart attack causing "ischemia,” or lack of oxygen to the heart tissue.
  • ischemic cardiomyopathy follows a predictable course. Initially, there is an index event, most commonly an anterior myocardial infarction. When treated, the patient is stabilized, often receiving a balloon catheter dilitation, intra- coronary stent or bypass graft, and has an initially unremarkable recovery.
  • ventricular remodeling takes place where the previously conical chamber becomes spherical and substantially dilated, and previously normal segments become acontractile.
  • ARBs angiotensin receptor blockers
  • ACE angiotensin converting enzyme
  • Heart disease One common symptom of many classes of heart disease is enlargement of the heart and/or dilation of the left ventricle.
  • the cause of ventricular dilation is typically the result of a chronic volume overload or specific damage to the myocardium. If portions of the myocardium are damaged, increased requirements are put on the remaining healthy myocardium such that the heart may attempt to compensate with ventricular dilation and muscle hypertrophy. In diseased hearts, the compensation is not sufficient and the ventricular dilation and muscle hypertrophy progress to a point where efficiency of heart function begins to fall. Further attempts by the heart to compensate may accelerate this reduction in efficiency.
  • the Dor Procedure may also involve suturing a patch of material (typically woven or knitted Dacron®, but others can also be used) on the inside of the ventricle, eliminating the defect in the ventricular wall defined by the tightened purse-string or strings.
  • a patch of material typically woven or knitted Dacron®, but others can also be used
  • Dr. Dor has attempted to decrease the likelihood of achieving the result of an inappropriately small ventricle through using a fluid filled balloon as a guide for the practitioner when thawing the tissue together. The use of a balloon, however, has not adequately solved the problem.
  • the practitioner must still estimate the appropriate size for the ventricle in deciding how much to fill and expand the balloon.
  • the balloon has the added disadvantage that a needle or any other sharp object used during the procedure may rupture the balloon and render it useless for the remainder of the procedure.
  • various other surgical approaches have been developed to treat dilation of the left ventricle of the heart (and the resultant CHF), by primarily restoring the size and volume of the diseased heart. Paramount to restoring normal heart function is identification and reconstruction of the apex. Apical reconstruction is important, because in the normal ventricle, the apex is functional and creates a vortex that helps cardiac muscle work.
  • the new apex that is created during the ventricular reconstruction should prevent the ventricle from becoming spherical (again), a situation that may lead to creation of(or worsening of existing) mitral regurgitation.
  • current approaches do not adequately provide for reconstruction of the apex of the heart. For example, failure to balance the position of the apex and volume has potentially deleterious impact on patient safety.
  • a suboptimal short axis/long axis ratio (i.e., apex improperly reconstructed too close to the mitral plane), may contribute to the development of late mitral regurgitation, even in cases where pre-existing mitral function is normal.
  • the objective in optimizing the locus of the apex of the left ventricle should combine the optimal reduction of both the short axis with proper identification of the position of the new apex.
  • the position of the apex is important for normal functioning of the mitral valve. Ischemic functional mitral regurgitation is more frequent in dilated ventricles. In an enlarged heart, papillary muscles are displaced toward the lateral wall, losing their normal orientation toward the apex and increasing the distance between them. In this condition the posterior leaflet of the valve is retracted, the posterior annulus is dilated, and the valve becomes incompetent. Therefore this invention has the additional benefit of supporting proper mitral function.
  • a device which can assist the surgeon to locate and anatomically configure the apex will provide a significant advantage to the surgeon and the patient.
  • the invention disclosed here will cover the creation of new apex of a heart. In so doing, it will also direct the surgeon to proper size determination.
  • a method and a device for use in reconstructing the left ventricle of the heart from a diseased state to an appropriate reconstructed slate are disclosed.
  • the device includes a sizer which has a flat first surface and an apex.
  • the apex is connected to a generally cylindrical central section, and said central section is connected to the first surface.
  • the central section and the first surface of the sizer are configured so that when the first surface is located abutting the base of the left ventricle the central section is located at the location of the interior of the appropriate reconstructed left ventricle.
  • the sizer has characteristics to protect features of the left ventricle such as the papillary muscles, the chordae and the mitral valve.
  • the present invention also embraces a method and system for use in resizing the left ventricle of the heart of a patient from a diseased state to an appropriate resized slate is disclosed.
  • the method includes the steps of determining the body surface area of the patient; determining a characteristic of the left ventricle which is the same in the diseased state as in the resized state; determining an appropriate sizer based on the determined body surface area of the patient and the characteristic of the left ventricle which is the same in the diseased state as in the resized state; identifying akinetic tissue within a heart chamber wall; making an incision through the akinetic tissue in the chamber wall; inserting said appropriate sizer into the chamber through the incision; removing the sizer; and, closing the incision.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view illustrating a weakened heart chamber before reconstruction.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of a heart chamber illustrating one embodiment of this invention as employed in a procedure to reconstruct a heart chamber.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view illustrating a heart chamber after reconstruction.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram schematically illustrating an overview of the process of this invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a right side view of the preferred embodiment of the present sizer.
  • FIG. 6 is a left side view of the preferred embodiment of the present sizer.
  • FIG. 7 is a back view of the preferred embodiment of the present sizer.
  • FIG. 8 is a top view of the preferred embodiment of the present sizer.
  • FIG. 9 is a section view of the preferred embodiment of the present sizer taken along line 9-9 in Fig. 6.
  • FIG. 10 is a view of a human heart with a portion cut away to expose the interior of the left ventricle.
  • FIG. 1OA is a cross sectional view of a human heart.
  • FIG. 11 is a view of a human heart with a portion cut away to expose the interior and to show a sizer installed in the left ventricle.
  • FIG. 1 IA is a view of a diseased human heart with a portion cut away to expose the interior and to show a sizer installed in the left ventricle.
  • FIG. HB is a view of an appropriately reconstructed human heart with a portion cut away to expose the interior and to show a sizer installed in the left ventricle.
  • FIG. 12 is an isometric view of an alternative embodiment of the sizer of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is an isometric view of an alternative embodiment of the sizer of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is an isometric view of an alternative embodiment of the sizer of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is an isometric view of an alternative embodiment of the sizer of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is an isometric view of an alternative embodiment of the sizer of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a block diagram schematically illustrating one embodiment of the process of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a block diagram schematically illustrating another embodiment of the process of the presenter invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a view of a computer monitor illustrating one embodiment of the process of the present invention.
  • FIG. 20 is a block diagram of a preferred process for determining the size of a systolic- type sizer.
  • FIG. 21 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the sizer of the present invention for use as an "apex locator".
  • FIGs 1-3 schematically illustrate a method for reconstructing a left ventricle using a sizing device 10.
  • the heart chamber in this case the left ventricle 20
  • a portion of the ventricle wall 22 has become nonfunctioning, damaged, akinetic or dyskinetic.
  • tissue will be referred to hereinafter as nonfunctioning or akinetic.
  • the surgeon makes an incision 24 within the akinetic tissue 22 and folds back the akinetic tissue 22.
  • the sizing device 10 is then inserted into the ventricle 20 through the incision.
  • the surgeon weaves a purse-string stitch to exclude the akinetic tissue 22 and to bring the ventricle wall against the sizing device 10, using the sizing device 10 as a form or template to gauge the correct or appropriate size of the reconstructed left ventricle. Then the surgeon removes the sizing device 10 and closes the incision 24.
  • the sizing device 10 will be referred to throughout this application as a "sizer” or “sizing device,” although it should be understood that the device is used by the surgeon to resize the left ventricle by reconstructing a portion of the left ventricle which can vary in size depending on the characteristics of the patient.
  • a conventional cardiopulmonary bypass system is used to the oxygenate patient's blood, according to Step 30.
  • the patient's heart continues to beat, although in some cases it may be advantageous to arrest the beating of the heart using conventional cross clamping and cardioplegic procedures, step 34.
  • the surgeon then makes an incision in the akinetic portion of the heart, according to step 36 or 38.
  • a sizer which has been specifically designed to be used with an arrested heart which can be called a diastolic-type sizer, step 40
  • a sizer which has been specifically designed to be used with a beating heart which can be called a systolic-type sizer, step 42.
  • the two types of sizers will be discussed below.
  • the sizing device 10 is used as a guide or template to guide surgical or alternative reconstruction to what has been predetermined to be a more optimum size of the left ventricle.
  • the sizing device 10 may act as an idealized anatomical sizer and helps the surgeon to know how much of the ventricle 20 to bring together for a more optimum size, without the risk of making the resulting ventricle too small.
  • the sizing device 10 can help to improve the resulting size of the heart according to the requirements of a particular patient.
  • a detailed pre-reconstruction analysis based on characteristics of the dysfunctional structure and those of the normal/optimal state maybe conducted to aid in choosing the appropriate size for the sizing device 10.
  • the use of the sizing device 10 as a guide can help to eliminate the mistakes that occur when a practitioner relies only on his judgment to estimate the appropriate size.
  • the sizing device 10 may be utilized during an open field or minimally invasive surgical procedure. It may also be deployed through a standard or modified endoscope. The sizing device 10 may also be used for laparoscopic, robotically assisted and/or percutaneous procedures. The sizing device 10 is compressible and re-expandable to allow compression during insertion and withdrawal, and re-expansion once inserted into the organ. The ability to compress the sizing device 10 into a reduced cross section profile facilitates insertion and removal.
  • the sizing device 10 may have a stock size or it may be made custom for a particular patient's anatomy.
  • the device may be available in multiple stock sizes according to volume (e.g. 90, 110 and 130cc or small, medium, and large). If it is custom made for a particular patient, MRI, PET scan, Echo, ultrasound, any other visualization techniques, or any other appropriate method may be used to determine the precondition and/or optimum post-procedure size of the ventricle, as described in more detail in the following provisional patent applications incorporated herein in their entirety by reference: U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/466,653, filed on April 29, 2003 and titled Ventricular Restoration; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No.
  • the sizer 10 is schematically illustrated in Figure 2, and the exact configuration of the sizer 10 can be various geometries as explained below.
  • FIGs 5-9 a preferred embodiment of a sizer is shown.
  • the sizer 70 illustrated in Figures 5-9 is formed of resilient plastic material and is hollow in order to be easily deformable.
  • the sizer 10 is formed of a compliant material that is resistant to permanent deformation so that the sizer 10 can be compressed to be inserted into the heart and once Side to return to its original size.
  • the sizer 70 has a flat, annular top surface 72 and an arcuate portion 74 shaped similar to an egg.
  • the annular top surface 72 includes a circular hole 75 which communicates with the hollow interior of the sizer 70.
  • the arcuate portion 74 comprises a rounded apex 76 connected to the top surface 72 by a roughly cylindrical portion 80.
  • Four holes 82 are formed in the sizer 70 near the apex 76, and two indentations 84 and 86 are formed in the cylindrical portion 80.
  • the length of the sizer 70 measured from the annular top surface 72 to the tip of the apex 76 is about 73 mm.
  • the first indentation 84 begins at about 7 mm and ends at about 45 mm
  • the second indentation 86 begins at about 18 mm and ends at about 55 mm.
  • the center line of indentation 86 is located at an angle A of about 40 degrees, and the centerline of indentation 84 is located at and angle B of about 125 degrees.
  • a flat section 88 is formed in the cylindrical portion 80 near the top surface 72, and a protrusion 90 is also formed near the top surface 72.
  • a circular hole 92 is formed in the protrusion 90, and a ridge 91 extends along the side of the sizer 70 beginning at the protrusion 90.
  • the sizer 70 is asymmetrical in certain respects.
  • the rounded apex 76 is a section of a sphere.
  • FIG. 10 and 11 an illustration of a heart is provided showing the interior of the left ventricle.
  • the heart has been cut and a portion folded back to expose the interior and show the placement of the sizer 70.
  • the anterior papillary muscle 100 and the posterior papillary muscle 102 are shown and each of the muscles is connected to chordae tendinae 103 which in turn are connected to the mitral valve 104.
  • Figure IOA shows the heart cut open to show the left and right ventricles.
  • the sizer 70 is shown as located in the left ventricle.
  • the indentations 84 and 86 (see Figures 7-9) of the sizer 70 are shaped and located so as to rest against the anterior papillary muscle 100 and the posterior papillary muscle 102, respectively, and their corresponding chordae tendinae 103. hi other words, the indentations 84 and 86 provide space for the muscles and chordae tendinae so those portions of the heart are not subject to excessive pressure from the sizer 70.
  • the circular hole 72 allows the mitral valve 104 to open and close with minimal restriction, and the hole 92 accommodates aortic outflow.
  • the flat portion 88 protects the chordae from excessive pressure by the sizer 70, the indentations 84 and 86, the protrusion 90, the annular top surface 72 and the ridge 91 permit the surgeon to properly align the sizer 70 in the left ventricle to permit correct location of the apex of the left ventricle when the ventricle is resized by the surgeon.
  • the annular top surface 72 contacts the base of the left ventricle, and the sizer 70 is aligned so that the indentations align with the papillary muscles 100 and 102 and the circular hole aligns with the aortic valve (not shown).
  • the ridge 91 is located abutting the septum 105.
  • the rounded apex 76 of the sizer is optimally located with respect to where the apex of the left ventricle should be in the appropriate or correct reconstructed left ventricle.
  • the apex of the left ventricle and the sides of the left ventricle are properly formed and located as they would be in a healthy heart. For this reason the sizer 70 can be considered to be an "apex locator.”
  • An alternate embodiment of the "apex locator" is shown in Figure 21.
  • FIG. 1 IA a pre-operative heart is shown in which the akinetic portion 22 encompasses the location of the ventricle apex 113.
  • diseased -apex 113 has been physically remodeled differently from a normal apex, and the interior of the ventricle in the area of the diseased apex 113 does not conform to the sizer 70.
  • the ventricle is as illustrated in Figure 1 IB, and the ventricle apex 116 is located adjacent the apex 76 of the sizer 70.
  • the apex 76 of the sizer is properly positioned so that when the heart is reconstructed to conform to the sizer, the reconstructed ventricle apex 116 is correctly located as it would be in a healthy heart.
  • a line 116a is drawn coincident with the base 115, and a line 116b is drawn perpendicular to the line 116a from the center of the base 115.
  • a line 117 is drawn from the center of the base 115 to the reconstructed apex 116.
  • the line 117 deviates from line 116b, and the angle of deviation C can be in the range of about 0° to 15° degrees and normally is about 5° degrees. In a healthy heart the apex is located at about the same angle.
  • the sizing device 10 may be tulip geometry or egg geometry, and the sizing device 10 may comprise a parabolic geometry or other suitable geometries. In some embodiments the sizing device 10 may be symmetric or asymmetric, anywhere on the device, top, bottom and/or body. In some embodiments top edge 111 of the sizing device 10 may be straight and flat, sinusoidal, a combination of these geometries, or made into another suitable geometry. [0029] hi one embodiment, the sizing device 10 may have one or more reference marks. The reference marks may comprise a single mark, multiple marks, a grid, or any other appropriate markings.
  • the reference marks may be used for orienting or positioning the sizing device 10 within the left ventricle, for guiding the suture line, for guiding the positioning of tissue, and/or for any other suitable purpose. These reference marks may be molded onto the sizing device 10 as indentations or raised areas. Alternately, the reference marks may be printed on or otherwise applied to the sizing device 10.
  • the sizing device 110 may be hollow such that it partially or entirely encloses an interior space 112.
  • one or both ends of the sizing device 110 may be either covered; partially covered, or open. That can aid in preventing inadvertent expansion of the sizing device 110.
  • the sizing device 110 may have one or more cutouts and/or indentations so as not to damage structures such as papillary muscles, chordae tendinae, valves or valve structures including the annulus.
  • the outside 114 of the sizing device 110 may be smooth, textured, or a combination of both smooth and textured, hi one embodiment, a lubricant, such as parylene, may be applied to the exterior and or interior of the sizing device 110. Additionally, the sizing device 110 may comprise holes, slots, or thin or weakened wall areas to initiate or focus the bending or folding during insertion and removal and to assist with insertion and removal, hi another embodiment, the sizing device 110 may comprise "pods" on the surface connected to an airtight lumen or lumens that, when connected to suction, can enhance fixation or stabilization.
  • a lubricant such as parylene
  • the sizing device 120 may have one or more removable sections 122.
  • a perforated or weakened area 124 can facilitate and/or guide the removal of one or more sections 122. By removing the one or more sections 122, a practitioner can adjust the size of the sizing device 120.
  • the sizing device 140 is asymmetrical toward its distal end 142.
  • the asymmetrical configuration may allow the sizing device 140 to better accommodate surrounding anatomical structures when in the correct position and orientation. It may also act as a guide to aid the practitioner in positioning and orienting the sizing device 140 within the heart chamber.
  • One embodiment of the compressible sizing device 10 maybe covered with an airtight material and connected to a lumen for loading and deployment.
  • a Luer, stopcock or another type of connector can be placed on the opposite end of the lumen from the device so that when a vacuum is created (by using a syringe or the vacuum supplied in the surgical suite, or any other appropriate source), the sponge or foam will collapse down to a reduced cross- sectional profile for insertion and removal from the ventricle (or other location). Once the vacuum has been removed, the sponge or foam sizing device 10 self expands to its natural size.
  • the sizing device 10 need not include a bladder or balloon component on the surface, it is less likely to be functionally impaired by suture, blade, or any other sharp instrument.
  • the sizing device 10 may have an internal bladder that can be aspirated.
  • a Luer-lock fitting with a syringe can be used for aspirating the bladder to control its size.
  • the sizing device 150 may also include one or more reinforcing elements 152 to provide additional support.
  • the reinforcing elements 152 may include one or more strips, sheets, wires, rods, tubes, mandrels, any combination of these.
  • the reinforcing member or members 152 may be located on the inside surface of the walls 154 of the sizing device 150, on the outside of the walls 154, within the walls 154, or any combination of these locations. The inclusion of these components may assist with self- expansion of the device.
  • One method of constructing the sizing device 10 is through molding.
  • Alternative construction methods may include stereo lithography, casting, sintering, weaving, extrusion, a dip coating process, spraying, laminating, a combination of any of these, or another suitable method or process.
  • the sizing device 10 may comprise a superelastic or shape memory material, a material that is inherently resistant to permanent deformation or is processed to be resistant to permanent deformation.
  • shape memory material is the superelastic metal alloy nitinol, but many other materials may be used including other superelastic metal alloys, or superelastic shape-memory polymers.
  • the shape memory material may permit fabrication of a sizing device 10 that is collapsible to a smaller size for insertion and self-expands once released in the organ. Once the compressed device is no longer constrained, it can snap back into its fully expanded geometry.
  • the expansion of the sizing device 10 may be achieved by the inherent spring of the material as in a superelastic material. In other embodiments the expansion of the sizing device 10 may be achieved by raising the ambient or component temperature (direct heating or the body's heat) for a shape memory effect.
  • the sizing device 10 may comprise heterogeneous materials. For example, some portions may be softer and more compressible while others may be stiffer and smoother. That can help to reduce trauma during placement and removal.
  • the sizing device 10 comprises polyurethane or polyethylene, but other suitable materials maybe used.
  • the sizing device 10 may comprise any of the following: a metal, a metal alloy, a polymer, rubber, foam, a sponge, silicone, (including silicone polyether and silicone polycarbonate, etc.), ePTFE, Dacron®, a combination of these materials, or any of these materials combined with any other suitable material.
  • the device may be partially or totally radio-opaque by adding material such as barium sulfate or bismuth tri-oxide or another suitable material.
  • any portion of the sizing device 10 may be partially or completely coated with a biocompatible material, such as parylene, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), polyester, polyurethane, silicone, Dacron®, urethane, and/or a composite or combination of these or of another suitable material or materials.
  • a biocompatible material such as parylene, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), polyester, polyurethane, silicone, Dacron®, urethane, and/or a composite or combination of these or of another suitable material or materials.
  • the sizing device 10 may comprise a material that is either substantially translucent, substantially opaque, or a combination of both at various locations.
  • the sizing device 10 may comprise a material having a color that contrasts with the natural color of cardiac tissue. The contrasting color can help a practitioner to more easily visually distinguish between the sizing device 10 and the cardiac tissue.
  • the sizing device 10 may be constructed of material with increased rigidity to counter relative hypercontractility that may occur in the non-arrested, beating hard that had no afterload.
  • the sizing device 10 may also be constructed of material that is echogenic to Transesophogeal Echocardiography (TEE) so that location and orientation can be confirmed by TEE.
  • TEE Transesophogeal Echocardiography
  • the sizing device 10 may include the use of a vacuum, protrusions, knurling, surface dimples or spheres, compliant coatings, raised bands and/or lines, horizontal rings or other designs and methods to assist with temporarily holding the device against tissue to prevent slippage while in use.
  • the vacuum utility may be accomplished using lumens or tubes with ports that allow the suction to contact tissue.
  • the lumens or tubes may be connected to a vacuum source at the proximal end of the device (which may be on or near a handle), using at least one Luer or similar type of connector.
  • the vacuum lumens or tubes may be independent or connected to a single proximal connector.
  • the sizing device 10 may also comprise a "leash" or "tether” element used to assist in retrieval from the ventricular cavity.
  • the leash element may be made from a single- or multi-element string. The string may or may not be braided. Alternatively, the leash element may be made from any other suitable component and material.
  • the leash element may be attached to the sizing device 10 during fabrication, or as a second process. This element may be attached internally such that when tension is applied, the remote site of attachment may invaginate and deform the sizing device 10 in a way that is advantageous for placement, removal, or other function.
  • the leash may be connected at one or more locations, anywhere on or in the sizing device 10.
  • the leash may be a stiff or partially flexible structure, or a combination of both.
  • the sizing device 10 may comprise one or more holes that permit a practitioner to attach suture material or another suitable material to the sizing device to form a leash.
  • Other embodiments may include more than one leash or handle to manipulate, stabilize, remove or otherwise employ the sizing device 10 in its intended function.
  • the end of the leash may include a pull tab located on the leash end opposite from the sizing device 10.
  • the sizing device 160 may comprise one or more holes 162 to affect flexibility or other physical properties, hi other embodiments, the sizing device 160 may comprise one or more slots or other piercings instead of, or in addition to, the one or more holes. Additionally at least one hole 162 may be used for and may enable venting, suction, and drainage during the procedure, something not possible when utilizing a balloon type sizing or shaping device. This process, known as the Smith-Luver Technique, is an important advantage in minimally invasive surgical ventricular reconstruction procedures.
  • the sizer be the correct volume to assist the surgeon in reconstructing the left ventricle to the correct or appropriate size. It should be understood that in the present context the "volume" of the sizer is the volume enclosed by the external surface of the sizer, assuming that the circular hole 75 is closed. In other words, the "volume" of the sizer can be thought of as the volume of the ventricle enclosing the sizer.
  • the method includes 1) determining the patient's body surface area, step 160; 2) determining the short axis left ventricle diameter at papillary muscle tips before surgery, step 162 ; and 3) determining the appropriate volume of the sizer based on the patient's body surface area and the short axis left ventricle diameter at papillary muscle tips before surgery, step 164.
  • BSA body surface area in square meters
  • V 1 BSA * 55 (rounded to the nearest 10)
  • d Measured diameter at papillary muscle tips in centimeters
  • V 2 is determined using the following table, according to the preferred embodiment.
  • the correct volume for the sizer is selected as the smaller OfV 1 and V 2 .
  • the reason for selecting the smaller volume should be understood to be based on the fact that sizers are normally made in a limited number of discrete sizes, e.g. 90, 110, 110 and 120 cubic centimeters. Thus a surgeon has available one of these various sizes and must select the one which will provide the best fit for the patient and not result in a reconstructed left ventricle which is too large. Rather, we have found that it is preferable that a reconstructed left ventricle be small instead of being too large.
  • the diameter of the cylindrical portion 80 in order to properly fit that patient, the diameter of the cylindrical portion 80 must be matched to the short axis left ventricle diameter at papillary muscle tips of the patient's left ventricle. Also, it should be understood that we determined empirically by measuring the diameters of sizers having the design shown in Figures 5-9. If a sizer having a different configuration were used, then the value of X would be different and the table relating measured diameter at papillary muscle tips in centimeters to volume of sizer in cubic centimeters could be different.
  • the short axis left ventricle diameter at papillary muscle tips before surgery is a characteristic of the left ventricle which is not altered by the reconstruction of the left ventricle.
  • alternative parameters of the heart which are not altered by the reconstruction of the left ventricle could be used.
  • an alternative embodiment of the method includes 1) determining the patient's body surface area, step 170; 2) determining the size of a characteristic of the left ventricle which is not altered by the reconstruction of the left ventricle, step 172; and 3) determining the appropriate volume of the sizer based on the patient's body surface area and the size of the characteristic of the left ventricle which is not altered by the reconstruction of the left ventricle, step 174.
  • Figure 19 illustrates a user's computer monitor. It should be understood that the method shown in Figure 17 or 18 is implemented on a computer system or server maintained by the manager of the system, in this case "Bioventrix". A user such as a surgeon who wishes to determine the appropriate sizer to use enters the URL of the appropriate file located on the server maintained by Bioventrix, namely, http://www.bioventrix.com/blueeggsizer.php, in the user's web browser in field 180, and the screen as shown in Figure 19 is then displayed on the user's computer monitor.
  • the user then enters the patient's body surface area in field 182 and the short axis at papillary heads in field 184 and clicks on the button 185 labeled "calculate”.
  • the server computer then utilizes the method shown in Figure 17 or 18 to calculate the size of the appropriate sizer, which in this example is called a "Blue Egg" sizing device, and displays the size in field 186.
  • the server computer is programmed to accept data entered in fields 180 and 182 only within predetermined ranges. This helps ensure that the data entered by the user is accurate.
  • the server computer may contain a function where the inputs are redisplayed for the user, and the user will be required to confirm the inputs before the result is displayed. The purpose of this function is to minimize potential errors.
  • the program can exist in the form of an electronic file, which can be downloaded to remote sites or available on the Internet.
  • the server program can contain firewalls, encryption, security, password access, or other appropriate mechanisms to ensure both proprietary and safety considerations.
  • FIG. 1 there may be a diagram or picture in some form of the sized element in its intended use.
  • FIG. 1 there maybe a diagram of a heart with a dilated Left Ventricle, and the degree of dilation may change with the data input.
  • Egg selected by the device may be visualized by the user.
  • the software program may also contain such elements as tutorials, diagrams, links to other web sites containing related or unrelated information. Also, the program may ask the user for other input, such as information about the patient not required for size determination.
  • a "hard copy" chart of the data could be provided.
  • the method could exist in an electronic form, such as a disk, tape, downloaded file, and be in the possession of the user, hi this embodiment, the file may be read on a hand held (PDA) device, personal computer (PC), Local Network (e.g., hospital or business).
  • PDA hand held
  • PC personal computer
  • Local Network e.g., hospital or business
  • Such a device can be considered to be a systolic-type sizer.
  • the sizer can be considered to be a diastolic-type sizer.
  • a preferred embodiment of the process of the present invention includes using a conventional cardiopulmonary bypass system to oxygenate the patient's blood, according to Step 30. Also, preferably the patient's heart continues to beat, although in some cases it may be advantageous to arrest the beating of the heart using conventional cardioplegic procedures, step 34.
  • Systole is the portion of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricle contracts. The degree of contraction is determined by complex factors but is certainly afterload dependent (in that decreased aflerload leads to increased contractility and a smaller end-systolic volume relative to conditions of increased afterload). Diastole is the portion of the same cardiac cycle wherein the ventricle reaches its maximum dimension (from a volume standpoint).
  • LVESV is a conventional acronym meaning left ventricular end systolic volume
  • LVEDV is a similar acronym meaning left ventricular end diastolic volume
  • Stroke volume is a conventional phrase meaning the volume of blood expelled by the left ventricle during a single stroke.
  • our preferred device and process device includes two aspects to take this aspect of cardiac function into account.
  • the sizer is slightly stiffer than similar devices used in arrested, "diastolic" ventricles to identify the proper size for Left Ventricular Reconstruction. This is because the absence of afterload may result in a hyper-contractile condition in which the systolic dimension would otherwise become undersized. Slightly increased resistance in the device will mitigate against exaggeration of the systolic contraction.
  • our preferred systolic-type sizer has a stiffness of about 60- 80 durometer Shore A as compared to a stiffness of 40-65 durometer Shore A for our diastolic-type sizer.
  • our preferred systolic-type sizer while maintaining the long axis dimensions of its "diastolic" counterpart, is smaller in the short axis.
  • the short axis in this context means the diameter measured generally perpendicular to line 93 shown in Figure 5. The diameter is smaller by an amount that will make the total volume of the sizer the stroke volume less than the corresponding diastolic-type sizer.
  • this device is the calculated post op LVESV while the arrested device represents the calculated post op LVEDV.
  • a side by side comparison of the two devices would approximate a left ventriculogram or Echocardiography taken in systole (this device) and diastole (the arrested heart device).
  • V 8 Vd x 67%
  • V d volume of diastolic-type sizer.
  • Vs volume of systolic-type sizer
  • the patient's left ventricle diameter is between 5.18 - 5.32 cm, and the appropriate diastolic-type sizer is determined to be 120 cc, then if the beating heart procedure is chosen, an 80cc systolic-type sizer (120 cc x 67%) will be used. Otherwise, 120 cc diastolic-type sizer will be used for the arrested heart procedure. [0068] We have found that although 67% is the preferred multiplier, in some cases the range for the multiplier can be from 40% to 70%.

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Abstract

La présente invention a trait à un dispositif destiné à être utilisé dans la reconstruction du ventricule gauche du coeur d'un état malade en un état reconstitué approprié. Le dispositif comporte un élément de calibrage qui présente une première surface plate et un sommet. Le sommet est relié à une section centrale de forme globalement cylindrique, et ladite section centrale est reliée à la première surface. La section centrale et la première surface de l'élément de calibrage sont agencées de sorte que lorsque la première surface est adjacente à la base du ventricule gauche, la section centrale se trouve à l'emplacement de l'intérieur du ventricule gauche reconstitué approprié. L'élément de calibrage peut être utilisé lors chirurgie cardiaque à coeur battant ou lorsque le coeur est arrêté. L'élément de calibrage facilite la localisation du sommet du coeur lors de la reconstitution apicale.
PCT/US2005/033990 2004-09-23 2005-09-22 Systeme et procede pour le calibrage d'un coeur pour le traitement de l'insuffisance cardiaque globale Ceased WO2006034408A2 (fr)

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US61263404P 2004-09-23 2004-09-23
US61263304P 2004-09-23 2004-09-23
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US60/612,633 2004-09-23

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US7213601B2 (en) * 1993-02-22 2007-05-08 Heartport, Inc Minimally-invasive devices and methods for treatment of congestive heart failure
US20050096498A1 (en) * 2001-04-24 2005-05-05 Houser Russell A. Sizing and shaping device for treating congestive heart failure
US20050113811A1 (en) * 2001-04-24 2005-05-26 Houser Russell A. Method and devices for treating ischemic congestive heart failure
US20050113810A1 (en) * 2001-04-24 2005-05-26 Houser Russell A. Shaping suture for treating congestive heart failure
US20050125012A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2005-06-09 Houser Russell A. Hemostatic patch for treating congestive heart failure
US20060247764A1 (en) * 2005-04-27 2006-11-02 Bioventrix, A Chf Technologies Company, Inc. A Carlifornia Corporation System and method for sizing a heart for treating congestive heart failure

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