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WO2006031076A1 - Appareil pour un traitement de decomposition thermique - Google Patents

Appareil pour un traitement de decomposition thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006031076A1
WO2006031076A1 PCT/KR2005/003072 KR2005003072W WO2006031076A1 WO 2006031076 A1 WO2006031076 A1 WO 2006031076A1 KR 2005003072 W KR2005003072 W KR 2005003072W WO 2006031076 A1 WO2006031076 A1 WO 2006031076A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thermal decomposition
gases
temperature
recited
furnace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/KR2005/003072
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kyu-Sung Choi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AUTOMIT Co Ltd
Original Assignee
AUTOMIT Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AUTOMIT Co Ltd filed Critical AUTOMIT Co Ltd
Publication of WO2006031076A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006031076A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/061—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating
    • F23G7/063—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating electric heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/10—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/32—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor the waste being subjected to a whirling movement, e.g. cyclonic incinerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
    • F23G2204/201—Plasma
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/20—Medical materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/10—Catalytic reduction devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/80—Quenching

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to an apparatus for thermal decomposition treatment and more specifically to a thermal decomposition treatment apparatus for use in preventing emission of harmful gas components to the atmosphere by way of thermally decomposing, and reducing the volume and weight of, a variety of infectious waste matters in a thermal decomposition furnace whose internal temperature is kept constant with no loss and burning various kinds of harmful gases created during the thermal decomposition process in a plasma generator-equipped burning apparatus.
  • thermal decomposition treatment apparatus denotes an apparatus that, at an elevated temperature, thermally decomposes highly infectious waste matters generated in, e.g., hospitals, and differing from typical daily life wastes, such as carcasses, extracted body parts, blood-collecting ampoules, urine-collecting ampoules, syringes, injection bottles, bandages and gauzes, and then treats toxic gases produced in the thermal decomposition process.
  • the infectious waste matters has been treated by throwing the waste matters into a incinerator, burning up the waste matters with a burner while supplying air into the incinerator, taking out residues from the incinerator and burying the residues under the ground.
  • Dioxin an organic compound having a pair of benzene nuclei bonded by an oxygen atom, is one of cancer-causing substances emitted from waste incinerating facilities, chemical plants, automotive vehicles or the like and exhibits deadly toxicity about 10,000 times greater than that of potassium cyanide. Dioxin tends to be accumulated in living bodies such as plant lives and domestic animals, which means that the human beings who eat the cattle and like articles as foodstuff are vulnerable to dioxin-caused damages of the reproduction system, the immunity system and the endocrine system.
  • PFC is a generic name of perfluoro compounds affecting the global warming such as CF 4 , C 2 F 6 , SF 6 , NF 3 and C 3 F 8 and persists stably in the atmosphere for a prolonged period of time, requiring a special treatment process for removal thereof.
  • PFC has a strong ability to absorb ultraviolet rays and is regarded as one of the substances bitterly affecting the earth warming.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a conventional thermal decomposition treatment apparatus. Description will be offered herein below regarding the construction of the conventional thermal decomposition treatment apparatus with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the conventional thermal decomposition treatment apparatus comprises a thermal decomposition furnace 1 for thermally decomposing waste matters in the first place, a mixing furnace 2 for admixing the waste matters decomposed in the thermal decomposition furnace 1 with air, a burning furnace 3 for incinerating the mixed gases supplied from the mixing furnace 2 in the second place, a dust collector 4 for collecting gases and dusts of the waste matters secondarily incinerated in the burning furnace 3, a cleansing device 5 for washing the gases collected in the dust collector 4, and primary and secondary neutralizers 6, 7 for treating harmful gases among the gases passing through the cleansing device 5.
  • the thermal decomposition furnace 1 is a hermetically sealable container having an empty space in the interior thereof and is provided with inner and outer walls usually made of refractory bricks with excellent heat resistance.
  • the thermal decomposition furnace 1 is further provided at one side thereof with an air introduction conduit Id that allows the ambient air to enter the thermal decomposition furnace 1 therethrough and then admixed with the gases generated by the thermal decomposition of the waste matters.
  • a damper It is disposed at the bottom of the thermal decomposition furnace 1 for shifting exhaust passageways of the gases, and a plurality of heaters Ih are provided within the thermal decomposition furnace 1 for causing the waste matters to be thermally decomposed while keeping constant the internal temperature.
  • thermal decomposition furnace 1 In view of the fact that the infectious waste matters are thermally decomposed within the thermal decomposition furnace 1 in the first place, it is essential to keep constant the temperature in the thermal decomposition furnace 1. Saying differently, one important factor in reducing the consumption of electricity is to keep constant the temperature within the thermal decomposition furnace 1 that performs the thermal decomposition of waste matters above a predetermined temperature and minimize the loss of heat from thermal decomposition furnace 1.
  • the mixed gases obtained in the mixing furnace 2 are secondarily burnt by a heater 3h incorporated in the burning furnace 3 while moving from the bottom to the top of the burning furnace 3, in which process the harmful components produced by thermal decomposition of the waste matters are removed.
  • the waste matters are converted to gases and solid residues when thermally decomposed in the thermal decomposition furnace 1 whose temperature is elevated to above a predetermined value.
  • the solid residues continue to float within the thermal decomposition furnace 1 by the action of the air introduced through the air introduction conduit Id, which becomes a culprit of pulling down the internal temperature of the thermal decomposition furnace 1.
  • the solid residues should be either removed from the furnace 1 at the end of the thermal decomposition process of the waste matters or controlled to make minimized floating movement. Removal of the solid residues has to be done manually with the furnace 1 opened, which may be an obstacle in assuring continuity of the thermal decomposition process.
  • a need has existed for a measure that can be taken to minimize the floating movement of the solid residues.
  • the conventional thermal decomposition treatment apparatus employs a typical electric heater 3h as a heating means in the burning furnace 3 and is adapted to treat the mixed gases at as low a temperature as about I 5 OOO 0 C. Therefore, title conventional apparatus poses problems in that it cannot treat those substances requiring high temperature burning for removal, e.g., PFC, which is contained in the harmful gases generated by thermal decomposition of the waste matters, and further in that it has a limited capacity to treat the mixed gases admitted from the mixing furnace at one time.
  • a typical electric heater 3h as a heating means in the burning furnace 3 and is adapted to treat the mixed gases at as low a temperature as about I 5 OOO 0 C. Therefore, title conventional apparatus poses problems in that it cannot treat those substances requiring high temperature burning for removal, e.g., PFC, which is contained in the harmful gases generated by thermal decomposition of the waste matters, and further in that it has a limited capacity to treat the mixed gases admitted from the mixing furnace at one time.
  • thermal decomposition treatment apparatus that can reduce consumption of electricity and save operating costs by minimizing the floating movement of solid residues produced in the process of first- stage thermal decomposition of waste matters in a thermal decomposition furnace, while preventing emission of harmful gas components to the atmosphere by admixing with air, and burning up at an elevated temperature, the residual gases created in the first-stage thermal decomposition process of waste matters in the thermal decomposition furnace.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for thermal decomposition treatment, comprising: a body case serving as an enclosure of the apparatus and having an interior space of predetermined configuration; a thermal decomposition furnace disposed within the body case for thermally decomposing waste matters and having a temperature-keeping chamber for maintaining constant the temperature within the furnace; an air introduction part lying at one side of the thermal decomposition furnace for introducing ambient air into the thermal decomposition furnace; a plasma-generating incinerator device for burning up mixed gases of the air introduced through the air introduction part and the gas components generated in the thermal decomposition furnace at an elevated temperature; a mixed gas introduction passageway through which the mixed gases are moved from the thermal decomposition furnace to the incinerator device; a cooling device for cooling down the gases burnt in the incinerator device to an atmospheric temperature; and a discharge device for discharging the gases cooled down in the cooling device to the outside.
  • the thermal decomposition furnace comprises: a hollow outer container defining a shell of the furnace and having a plurality of heaters disposed along a longitudinal direction of the outer container; a cylindrical inner container open at its top end and detachably mounted to the outer container for allowing the thermal decomposition to take place therein, the inner container having a plurality of receiver grooves at its bottom for reception of solid residues produced in the thermal decomposition process of the waste matters; a support base provided on a bottom of the body case and coupled to a lower end of the outer container for supporting the outer and inner containers; and a furnace cover disposed on top ends of the inner and outer containers for opening and closing the inner and outer containers.
  • the temperature-keeping chamber is defined by a closed space between a bottom of the inner container and a bottom of the outer container and is adapted to maintain constant the temperature within the outer container inclusive of the inner container.
  • the temperature-keeping chamber has a height of no less than 150mm.
  • a cover actuator is further provided for causing the furnace cover to move between an open position and a closed position.
  • the mixed gas introduction passageway communicates at one end with the inner container and the one end is offset to one side from a center of the inner container.
  • the incinerator device comprises: a body provided with an inner circumference defining a mixed gas treatment space within the body and an inlet port in communication with a mixed gas introduction passageway for introducing mixed gases into the treatment space; a cathode horizontally extending within the treatment space of the body; and an anode provided on the inner circumference in the vicinity of the cathode and cooperating with the cathode for generating plasma to treat the mixed gases, wherein the body has a communication port provided at one end of the treatment space for feeding therethrough the gases treated with the plasma to the cooling device.
  • the inlet port is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to an axis of the treatment space so that the mixed gases can swirl in the first place as it is admitted into the treatment space through the inlet port.
  • the inlet port comprises three individual ports formed at an equal spacing.
  • the inner circumference of the body defining the treatment space has stepped parts whereby the mixed gases are caused to swirl in the second place.
  • the cathode extends horizontally in a longitudinal direction of the treatment space and is displaceable by a predetermined distance along a longitudinal direction of the treatment space.
  • a magnetic member is provided between an outer circumference of the body and the inner circumference defining the treatment space for deflecting an arc of the plasma.
  • the magnetic member comprises six pieces of magnets radially disposed at an equal spacing around the inner circumference.
  • the cooling device comprises a coolant tank for storing coolant, a temperature reduction chamber part for reducing the temperature of the burnt gases with the coolant supplied from the coolant tank, and a circulation pump for circulating the coolant stored in the coolant tank through the temperature reduction chamber part.
  • the temperature reduction chamber part comprises a casing defining a shell thereof, a flow channel provided within the casing in its longitudinal direction and communicating with the treatment space of the body to introduce the treated gases into the casing, a coolant spray pipe provided on an inner surface of the casing for spraying the coolant into the flow channel at a predetermined angle, and a discharge opening for discharging the gases cooled down in the flow channel.
  • FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing a prior art thermal decomposition treatment apparatus
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a thermal decomposition treatment apparatus in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a top view showing a thermal decomposition furnace that constitutes a major part of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an incinerator device that constitutes a maj or part of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 4;
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 are front and side cross-sectional views illustrating a temperature reduction chamber part that constitutes a major part of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a thermal decomposition treatment apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
  • the thermal decomposition treatment apparatus 100 comprises: a body case 110 serving as an enclosure of the apparatus and having an interior space of predetermined configuration; a thermal decomposition furnace 200 disposed within the body case 110 for thermally decomposing waste matters and having a temperature-keeping chamber 205 for maintaining constant the temperature within the furnace 200; an air introduction part 250 lying at one side of the thermal decomposition furnace 200 for introducing ambient air into the thermal decomposition furnace 200; a plasma-generating incinerator device 300 for burning up mixed gases of the air introduced through the air introduction part 250 and the gas components generated in the thermal decomposition furnace 200 at an elevated temperature of no less than 3,000 ° C; a mixed gas introduction passageway 400 through which the mixed gases are moved from the thermal decomposition furnace 200 to the incinerator device 300; a cooling device for cooling down the gases burnt in the incinerator device 300 to an atmospheric temperature; and a discharge device for discharging the gases cooled down in the cooling device to the outside.
  • the thermal decomposition furnace 200 comprises a hollow outer container 202 defining a shell of the furnace and having a plurality of heaters 210 disposed along a longitudinal direction of the outer container, a cylindrical inner container 201 open at its top end and detachably mounted to the outer container 202 for allowing the thermal decomposition to take place therein by the heating action of the heaters 210, the inner container 201 having a plurality of receiver grooves 204 at its bottom for reception of solid residues produced in the thermal decomposition process of the waste matters, a support base 206 provided on a bottom of the body case 110 and coupled to a lower end of the outer container 202 for supporting the outer and inner containers 202, 201, and a furnace cover 220 disposed on top ends of the inner and outer containers 202, 201 for opening and closing the inner and outer containers 202, 201. It is preferred that the outer container 202 should have an interior space that corresponds to the external configuration of the inner container 201.
  • the heaters 210 are disposed in the side wall of the outer container 202 in the vicinity of the inner container 201. In other words, the heaters 210 are positioned adjacent to, and distributed along, the inner circumference of the outer container 202. This enables the heaters 210 to heat up the outer wall of the inner container 201 and the temperature-keeping chamber 205, thereby maintaining the interior of the inner container 201 at a proper temperature.
  • the temperature-keeping chamber 205 is defined within the outer container 202 so that it can suppress reduction of temperature in the inner container 201, which temperature-keeping chamber 205 lies between the bottom of the inner container 201 and the bottom of the outer container 202.
  • the inner container 201 is preferably made of heat-resistant refractory materials. It is also preferred that the receiver grooves 204 should be smaller in size than the waste matters of initial condition, namely, a condition in advance of thermal decomposition.
  • the gas components of lightweight rise up to the top of the inner container 201, while the solid residues of heavyweight such as ashes are deposited on the receiver grooves 204 formed at the bottom of the inner container 201. If the solid residues were not accommodated within the receiver grooves 204, they would move upwardly and take away the heat in the inner container 201, thus reducing the temperature in and around the inner container 201. On this occasion, a greater electric energy than supplied to the thermal decomposition furnace 200 at an initial stage, i.e., when no solid residues exist, would have to be fed in order to keep the temperature within the inner container 201 on a level great enough for the thermal decomposition. In a nutshell, it is necessary to create solid-free air layer in the space above the bottom of the inner container 201, which air layer assists in maintaining the temperature within the inner container 201 at an acceptable level.
  • the solid residues thermally decomposed in the inner container 201 are caught in the receiver grooves 204 in such a fashion as not to rise up, thereby assuring that, unlike in case of the solid residues floating upwards, the temperature within the inner container 201 can be kept at a predetermined target level.
  • the temperature-keeping chamber 205 has a height of no less than 150mm. If it were not for the temperature-keeping chamber 205, or if the temperature- keeping chamber 205 were of insufficient height, the waste matters lying close to the bottom of the inner container 201 would suffer from greater temperature loss than the waste matters present at other positions, thus making the overall temperature distribution in the inner container 201 uneven and failing to effect uniform thermal decomposition. This means that provision of the temperature-keeping chamber 205 of sufficiently great size allows the waste matters lying close to the bottom of the inner container 201 to be thermally decomposed substantially at the same temperature as the waste matters of other positions.
  • the support base 206 is employed to keep the inner and outer containers 201, 202 spaced apart from the bottom of the body case 110.
  • the support base 206 is mounted at its lower end to the bottom surface of the body case 110 and at its upper end affixed to the bottom of the outer container 202 so that the inner and outer containers 201, 202 can remain mutually spaced apart.
  • the furnace cover 220 is provided at the top of the inner and outer containers 201, 202 for openably closing the top openings of the inner and outer containers 201, 202.
  • the furnace cover 220 is adapted to, when closed, hermetically seal the top openings of the inner and outer containers 201, 202 in such a manner that no gas can be leaked out in the process of thermally decomposing the waste matters.
  • the furnace cover 220 has a cross-section of circular configuration corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the inner container 201 and has a greater size than the inner container 201.
  • the cover actuator 203 is provided in the vicinity of the side wall of the body case 110 for up-and-down movement along the outer container 202 to thereby open and close the furnace cover 220.
  • the cover actuator 203 usually referred to as a lifter, extends preferably in a vertical direction and operatively connected to the furnace cover 220. Upward movement of the cover actuator 203 causes the furnace cover 220 to be opened, while the furnace cover 220 is closed by the downward movement of the cover actuator 203.
  • the residual gases generated by thermal decomposition of the waste matters in the inner container 201 and rose up to around the top of the inner container 201 should be sent to the incinerator device 300 for removal of harmful gas components contained in the residual gases.
  • the inner container 201 has an air inlet port (not shown) formed through the upper wall part thereof.
  • the air introduction part 250 is connected to the air inlet port for introduction of the ambient air.
  • the air introduction part 250 is of generally tubular configuration and composed of a pipe whose diameter (0) ranges from 3 to 7mm. One end of the air introduction part 250 is open to the atmosphere and the other end thereof is in communication with the air inlet port of the inner container 201.
  • the air introduced through the air introduction part 250 is admixed with the gases generated by thermal decomposition of the waste matters to create mixed gases which are forwarded to the incinerator device 300 by pressure of the air introduced from the outside.
  • the air introduction part 250 is maintained at a temperature of about 50 ° C .
  • a temperature sensor (not shown) is provided in the air introduction part 250 and the thermal decomposition treatment apparatus 100 is so controlled that it can cease the entire operations if the temperature sensor detects heat of about 100 ° C in the air introduction part 250.
  • the mixed gas introduction passageway 400 extends between the inner container 201 and the incinerator device 300.
  • the mixed gas introduction passageway 400 is of tubular shape and communicates at one end with the inner container 201 and at the other end with the incinerator device 300.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view showing the thermal decomposition furnace that constitutes a major part of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2.
  • the mixed gas introduction passageway 400 is offset from the center of the inner container 201.
  • the mixed gas introduction passageway 400 is connected at one end to the inner container 201 in such a manner that the connection can be made at a position eccentrically offset to one side from the center of the inner container 201, thus making sure that the mixed gases in the inner container 201 can be discharged to the incinerator device 300 in their entirety. This eliminates the possibility that the mixed gases continue to stay in the inner container 201 and is subject to a small intensity of detonation.
  • FIG. 1 is a top view showing the thermal decomposition furnace that constitutes a major part of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the incinerator device that constitutes a major part of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 4 and
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 4. As shown in FIG.
  • the incinerator device 300 comprises a body 310 provided with an inner circumference defining a mixed gas treatment space (hereinbelow referred to as "treatment space") 330 within the body 310 and an inlet port 320 in communication with the mixed gas introduction passageway 400 for introducing mixed gases into the treatment space 330, a cathode 340 horizontally extending within the treatment space 330, and an anode 350 provided on the inner circumference in the vicinity of the cathode 340 and cooperating with the cathode 340 for generating plasma to treat the mixed gases.
  • the body 310 has a communication port 380 provided at one end of the treatment space 330 for feeding the gases treated with the plasma to a cooling device therethrough.
  • the incinerator device 300 further comprises an electric power supply part (not shown) for applying electric voltage to the cathode 340 noted above.
  • the cathode 340 and the anode 350 are spaced apart a predetermined distance from each other and, if high voltage is applied thereto, an electric discharge takes place at the space between the cathode 340 and the anode 350, thus ionizing the gases to produce a variety of functional ions.
  • These ions act to break the molecular bond of harmful components, e.g., dioxin and PFC, borne by the mixed gases and convert the harmful components to substances of simple bond.
  • Harmful gas components, e.g., PFC 5 should be treated with plasma because they tend to react at a surface temperature of no less than 3,000 °C and at an internal temperature of no smaller than 10,000 ° C .
  • the inlet port 320 formed in the body 310 of the incinerator device 300 serves to introduce the gases thermally decomposed in the thermal decomposition furnace 200 into the treatment space 330.
  • the spacing between the cathode 340 and the anode 350 is one of important factors in generation of plasma.
  • the cathode 340 is attached to the body 310 such that it can be displaced in a longitudinal direction of the treatment space 330. This makes sure that the user of the incinerator device 300 can optionally adjust the conditions of generating the plasma to optimized ones by way of changing the spacing between the cathode 340 and the anode 350.
  • the spacing between the cathode 340 and the anode 350 varies accordingly. In this case, the user can displace the cathode 340 with respect to the anode 350 to adjust the spacing therebetween.
  • the spacing between the cathode 340 and the anode 350 can be adjusted either in an electric control manner or manually.
  • the spacing is adjusted based on the amount of electric current supplied to the incinerator device 300. More specifically, if the amount of electric current consumed in the incinerator device 300 is reduced, the spacing will have to be narrowed by energizing a servo motor or a stepping motor operatively connected to the cathode 340, and vice versa.
  • the amount of electric current consumed in the incinerator device 300 is outputted as a data for display on the power supply part, which data is used in controlling the direction of rotation of the motor, i.e., the direction of movement of the cathode 340.
  • the spacing between the cathode 340 and the anode 350 is adjusted by hands once in a while on a regular basis.
  • the cathode 340 is manually rotated and displaced forward to have the spacing narrowed.
  • the cathode 340 has a male thread part on its outer circumference that makes engagement with a female thread part of the body 310. This means that the amount of forward or reverse displacement of the cathode 340 is decided by the amount of rotation thereof.
  • the inlet port 320 serves as a passage through which the mixed gases are admitted into the treatment space 330 from the mixed gas introduction passageway 400.
  • the inlet port 320 is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to an axis of the treatment space 330.
  • the treatment space 330 has a cross-section of substantially circular configuration as viewed from the communication port 380 and the inlet port 320 is slanted at an angle of ⁇ with respect to the axis of the treatment space 330.
  • the mixed gases of the gas components thermally decomposed in the thermal decomposition furnace 200 and the air admitted through the air introduction part 250 are caused to swirl in the first place (primary swirling) as they are introduced into the treatment space 330 from the mixed gas introduction passageway 400 through the inlet port 320.
  • the primary swirling allows the mixed gases to enter the treatment space 330 smoothly and increases the area and time at which the mixed gases make contact with the inner circumference of the body 310, thereby promoting treatment of the mixed gases.
  • the mixed gases are efficiently treated at an elevated temperature because they swirl as illustrated in FIG. 5 when introduced into the treatment space 330 and brought into contact with the plasma.
  • the inlet port 320 comprises three individual ports each oriented to the treatment space 330, which assists in introducing a greater amount of the mixed gases into the treatment space 330.
  • the inner circumference of the body 310 defining the treatment space 330 has stepped parts 360 (see FIG. 4) whereby the mixed gases admitted into the treatment space 330 are caused to swirl in the second place (secondary swirling), thus assuring that a greater amount of the mixed gases can be treated with the plasma in the treatment space 330.
  • the magnetic member 370 is provided between the outer circumference of the body 310 and the inner circumference thereof defining the treatment space 330.
  • the magnetic member 370 comprises six pieces of magnets disposed to surround the treatment space 330 and is adapted to deflect the arc of plasma in different directions with its magnetic fields.
  • the arc of plasma is unstably flickering and tends to be deflected in a single direction. This may cause thermal stress and resultant damage on one local part of the inner circumference of the body 310, which reduces the life span of the incinerator device 300 to a great extent.
  • Use of the magnetic member 370 composed of six magnets can avoid severe damage of one local area of the inner circumference of the body 310 thus prolonging the life span of the incinerator device 300.
  • the temperature within the incinerator device 300 is higher than that of the thermal decomposition furnace 200, which means that the treated gases are discharged at a significantly high temperature. Accordingly, a need exists to cool down the treated gases to a temperature approaching the ambient temperature before the treated gases are discharged from the incinerator device 300 to the atmosphere.
  • the cooling device for reducing the temperature of the gases exhausted is connected to the communication port 380 of the body 310 of the incinerator device 300.
  • the cooling device is of water cooling type and comprises a coolant tank 700 for storing coolant such as water, a temperature reduction chamber part 500 for reducing the temperature of the burnt gases exhausted from the incinerator device 300 with the coolant supplied from the coolant tank 700, and a circulation pump 800 for circulating the coolant stored in the coolant tank 700 through the temperature reduction chamber part 500.
  • coolant tank 700 for storing coolant such as water
  • temperature reduction chamber part 500 for reducing the temperature of the burnt gases exhausted from the incinerator device 300 with the coolant supplied from the coolant tank 700
  • a circulation pump 800 for circulating the coolant stored in the coolant tank 700 through the temperature reduction chamber part 500.
  • the gases cooled down by the cooling device are discharged to the outside through a discharge device that comprises a discharge duct (not shown) and a blower 600 for exhaust.
  • a discharge device that comprises a discharge duct (not shown) and a blower 600 for exhaust.
  • casters 120 are attached to the underneath of the body case 110.
  • a neutralizer (not shown) may be further provided for converting the exhaust gases of acidic nature discharged from the temperature reduction chamber part 500 to alkaline ones.
  • a filter device may be provided for filtering particles of greater size from the vapor that has been condensed while going through the temperature reduction chamber part 500 and the neutralizer.
  • a catalyst device may be provided for finally removing the catalyst- convertible harmful components survived from the treatment in the incinerator device 300, the cooling device and the filter device.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 are front and side cross-sectional views illustrating the temperature reduction chamber part 500 that constitutes a major part of the thermal decomposition treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 2. Description on the temperature reduction chamber part 500 will now be made in detail with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • the temperature reduction chamber part 500 comprises a casing 510 of cylindrical configuration defining a shell thereof, a flow channel 520 provided within the casing 510 in its longitudinal direction and communicating with the treatment space 330 of the body of the incinerator device 300 to introduce the treated gases into the casing 510, a coolant spray pipe 550 provided on an inner surface of the casing 510 for spraying the coolant into the flow channel 520 at a predetermined angle, and a discharge opening 530 for discharging the gases cooled down in the flow channel 520 to the outside.
  • the spray pipe 550 is coupled through the casing 510 in such a manner that it can extend from one side wall part of the casing 510 to the other, thereby lying across the flow channel 520.
  • the spray pipe 550 has a plurality of spray holes formed through the wall thereof.
  • the spray holes are equally distributed on the spray pipe 550 and adapted to spray water into the flow channel 520 at a predetermined angle, preferably at the right angle. Passing through the section in which the water is sprayed, the gases of high temperature are cooled down rapidly and the cooled gases are forwarded to the discharge opening 530.
  • the water sprayed into the flow channel 520 creates a water curtain and is admixed with the gases moving through the flow channel 520, thus reducing the temperature of the gases down to about the atmospheric temperature before they are discharged to the outside.
  • a blower 600 is provided at the rear part of the discharge opening 530 for forcibly discharging the cooled gases.
  • the furnace cover 220 is opened to throw the waste matters into the inner container 201, after which the furnace cover 220 is closed to hermetically seal the thermal decomposition furnace 200.
  • electricity is supplied to the heaters 210 to heat the interior of the thermal decomposition furnace 200 up to a predetermined temperature, as a result of which the waste matters are thermally decomposed within the inner container 201.
  • the gas components stay at the upper space of the inner container 201, while the solid residues are deposited into the receiver grooves 204, thus terminating the primary thermal decomposition process.
  • the ambient air is admitted into the inner container 201 through the air introduction part 250 and admixed with the gas components produced by the thermal decomposition of the waste matters to create mixed gases which in turn are fed to the incinerator device 300 via the mixed gas introduction passageway 400.
  • the incinerator device 300 has the mixed gases burnt with plasma to thereby remove harmful components such as PFC, after which the plasma burnt gases are forwarded to the cooling device and cooled down approximately to the ambient temperature before they are discharged to the outside.
  • the gases may pass through a neutralizing step of converting the gases of acidic nature to alkaline ones, a filtering step of filtering out particles of greater size and a catalyst reacting step of removing harmful components survived from the preceding steps with the use of catalyst.
  • a neutralizing step of converting the gases of acidic nature to alkaline ones e.g., a filtering step of filtering out particles of greater size
  • the thermal decomposition treatment apparatus can reduce consumption of electricity and save operating costs by minimizing the floating movement of solid residues produced in the process of first-stage thermal decomposition of waste matters in a thermal decomposition furnace.
  • thermal decomposition treatment apparatus can prevent thermal composition from taking place under an incomplete temperature condition which would otherwise unexpectedly create harmful gas components.
  • thermo decomposition treatment apparatus can prevent waste matter treatment from contaminating the atmosphere by removing, with a plasma generation device, harmful gas components from the gases produced in the process of first-stage thermal decomposition of waste matters in a thermal decomposition furnace, and can treat a large quantity of gases at one time.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil pour un traitement de décomposition thermique destiné à prévenir l'émission de composants gazeux nocifs dans l'atmosphère. Cet appareil comprend un boîtier pourvu d'un espace intérieur ayant une configuration prédéterminée, un four de décomposition thermique disposé dans l'espace intérieur du boîtier et servant à décomposer thermiquement des matières résiduaires, une partie d'introduction d'air située d'un côté du four de décomposition thermique et servant à introduire de l'air ambiant dans le four de décomposition thermique, un incinérateur générateur de plasma servant à calciner les gaz mélangés de l'air introduit à travers la partie d'introduction d'air et les composants gazeux générés dans le four de décomposition thermique à une température élevée, une voie de passage d'introduction de gaz mélangés à travers laquelle les gaz mélangés sont déplacés du four de décomposition thermique vers l'incinérateur, un dispositif de refroidissement servant à refroidir les gaz calcinés dans l'incinérateur et un dispositif d'évacuation servant à évacuer les gaz refroidis à l'extérieur.
PCT/KR2005/003072 2004-09-15 2005-09-15 Appareil pour un traitement de decomposition thermique Ceased WO2006031076A1 (fr)

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KR10-2004-0073968 2004-09-15
KR1020040073968A KR100636844B1 (ko) 2004-09-15 2004-09-15 열분해 처리장치

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WO2006031076A1 true WO2006031076A1 (fr) 2006-03-23

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KR100684585B1 (ko) * 2006-09-26 2007-02-22 안길현 일체형 폐기물 열분해 장치 및 이를 이용한 폐기물처리방법
KR101631284B1 (ko) * 2014-08-14 2016-06-16 인슐레이션코리아(주) 열분해 히터의 단열 감시창 시공방법

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05106826A (ja) * 1991-10-14 1993-04-27 Nippon Steel Corp 廃棄物の溶融炉
KR970007066A (ko) * 1996-11-12 1997-02-21 장석기 전기식 열분해 소각 시스템
KR19990024090A (ko) * 1998-12-02 1999-03-25 박인복 가스증폭플라즈마 고온열분해 소각방법 및 그 시스템
JP2002349832A (ja) * 2001-05-28 2002-12-04 Starbar Japan Kk 廃棄物処理装置
KR20030046201A (ko) * 2001-12-05 2003-06-12 현대모비스 주식회사 전기식 후단연소로

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58133817A (ja) 1982-02-02 1983-08-09 Brother Ind Ltd 廃棄物処理装置
KR100440403B1 (ko) 2004-05-04 2004-07-14 주식회사 지화이브 폐기물 탄화처리기

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05106826A (ja) * 1991-10-14 1993-04-27 Nippon Steel Corp 廃棄物の溶融炉
KR970007066A (ko) * 1996-11-12 1997-02-21 장석기 전기식 열분해 소각 시스템
KR19990024090A (ko) * 1998-12-02 1999-03-25 박인복 가스증폭플라즈마 고온열분해 소각방법 및 그 시스템
JP2002349832A (ja) * 2001-05-28 2002-12-04 Starbar Japan Kk 廃棄物処理装置
KR20030046201A (ko) * 2001-12-05 2003-06-12 현대모비스 주식회사 전기식 후단연소로

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KR100636844B1 (ko) 2006-10-19

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