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WO2006009439A1 - Derive hydrodynamique - Google Patents

Derive hydrodynamique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006009439A1
WO2006009439A1 PCT/NL2005/000523 NL2005000523W WO2006009439A1 WO 2006009439 A1 WO2006009439 A1 WO 2006009439A1 NL 2005000523 W NL2005000523 W NL 2005000523W WO 2006009439 A1 WO2006009439 A1 WO 2006009439A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fin
hydrodynamic
sections
pin
extreme position
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/NL2005/000523
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Klaas Boudewijn Van Gelder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP05766791A priority Critical patent/EP1786664A1/fr
Priority to US11/632,701 priority patent/US20080207070A1/en
Publication of WO2006009439A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006009439A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
    • B63H25/06—Steering by rudders
    • B63H25/38—Rudders
    • B63H25/382—Rudders movable otherwise than for steering purposes; Changing geometry
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B32/00—Water sports boards; Accessories therefor
    • B63B32/60—Board appendages, e.g. fins, hydrofoils or centre boards
    • B63B32/62—Board appendages, e.g. fins, hydrofoils or centre boards characterised by the material, e.g. laminated materials; characterised by their manufacturing process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B32/00—Water sports boards; Accessories therefor
    • B63B32/60—Board appendages, e.g. fins, hydrofoils or centre boards
    • B63B32/64—Adjustable, e.g. by adding sections, by removing sections or by changing orientation or profile
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B41/00—Drop keels, e.g. centre boards or side boards ; Collapsible keels, or the like, e.g. telescopically; Longitudinally split hinged keels

Definitions

  • the invention is related to a hydrodynamic fin, such as a keel, a dagger board or a rudder of a watercraft, such as a sailboat or surfboard according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a fin is known from the American patent US 5.181.678.
  • a fin is shown, which is built from multiple rigid fin sections.
  • the fin sections are joined ⁇ together by means of hinges.
  • the fin section forming the leading edge and the trailing edges are respectively provided with a round hole and a sliding slot.
  • the fin can be mounted on two extending stationary rotation shafts, which are connected to the watercraft.
  • the fin section at the leading edge with the round hole can rotate around one shaft.
  • the trailing edge fin section can rotate around the other shaft and slide relative to the shaft. In this way a freedom of movement exists to let the fin take a certain camber shape.
  • the fin described also comprises elastic elements, in particular torsion springs.
  • the elasticity of the elastic elements in the fin causes the camber of the fin to increase if the hydrodynamic load on the fin increases.
  • the hydrodynamic load increases at a higher sailing speed. Therefore the fin camber will increase at an increased sailing speed.
  • the amount of camber of the fin depends on the hydro- dynamical force. This property of the fin is disadvantageous en does not make it's behavior satisfactory.
  • It is the object of the present invention is to at least partially eliminate one or more of the above drawbacks and/or to create a useable alternative.
  • a hydrodynamic fin according to the preamble of claim 1 characterized in that the fin sections are moveable with a predominantly constant resistance from one extreme position to the other extreme position and the hydrodynamic fin is also provided with an end-stop in order to stop a rotation from one to the other extreme position, in such a way that the fin sections in use will take either one or the other extreme position as a result of a hydrodynamic load.
  • This provides a hydrodynamic fin with an increased effectivity.
  • the advantage enables a smaller design of the keel, which reduces the sailing resistance, and which enables a reduction of the draught of the watercraft, if desired.
  • the degree of rotation of the fin sections is independent of the amount of the hydrodynamic force on the fin. This has the advantage that the fin according to the invention provides a substantially increased effectivity, starting at low speeds.
  • the leading edge and the back fin section are provided with a steel rotation shaft.
  • the shafts can be mounted inside a connection head, or directly inside the hull of the watercraft, by means of rotation bearings.
  • the bearings enable the rotation of the fin sections by an angle.
  • An end-stop determines a maximum rotation of the fin sections, in such a way that a maximum camber of the fin is defined.
  • a movement of the fin relative to the water will cause a hydrodynamic load on the fin.
  • the hydrodynamic load causes the fin to adjust to the maximum camber shape.
  • frictional resistance in the bearings will provide a resistance force against rotation of the fin sections. If the hydrodynamic load is larger than the force of resistance against rotation, the fin sections will rotate and take an extreme position.
  • the bearings will cause a mainly constant frictional resistance when the fin section moves from one extreme position to the other.
  • the resistance force can be kept negligibly small and mainly constant.
  • the resistance forces against the rotation of the fin sections are relatively small if compared to the hydrodynamic forces that occur at low speeds up to for example 5 knots. Because of this a maximum camber shape of the fin will occur already at low speed.
  • the degree of rotation of the fin sections is independent of the amount of the hydrodynamic force on the fin. The advantage of this is that the fin according to the invention provides a substantially increased effectivity beginning at low speeds.
  • a keel which is built from movable parts or rotating parts, and which therefore can take an asymmetric profile, is known from various patents, such as from the American patent US4280433 by Haddock.
  • a second disadvantageous aspect of known fins with an adjustable camber of the profile, as in the mentioned patent, is that a large part of the fin is one fixed part of the watercraft. This limits the maximum extent of the camber.
  • Another disadvantage concerns the flexible side-plates for the deformation of the streamlined profile.
  • a larger number of moving parts of the plates and the mechanism increase the vulnerability, which is disadvantageous.
  • Also disadvantageous is that the desired deformation cannot be reached, for instance when dirt or growth of water plants occur behind the plates.
  • the hydrodynamic fin according to the invention comprises an end-stop, such that the rotation of a fin section is limited. This determines the extreme position.
  • the end-stop can be constructed in many ways. As an example of a special design of the construction, a cylindrical pin-shaped end-stop can be mounted inside the connection head, such that the pin grips at one of the fin segments.
  • the pin- shaped end-stop for instance extends into a hole in the finsection. The inside diameter of the hole is larger than the outside diameter of the cylindrical pin.
  • the position of the pin-shaped end-stop is made adjustable, such that the camber of the fin according to the invention becomes adjustable as desired. In this way for instance it is an advantage that the sail- and weather conditions can be taken into account.
  • a preferred embodiment of the fin according to the invention comprises two rigid fin sections, which are connected to each other.
  • the rigid fin sections are connected by means of a hinge.
  • the length between the shafts, measured along the centerlines of the fin sections is slightly larger than the distance between the 2 shafts. This over-determined condition is caused by the difference in length, which must be absorbed by means of loose clearance between the pin and the hole in the hinges.
  • the hinge is constructed with a pin and slotted hole.
  • the pin is fixed, for instance by.me.ans .of. a. fitting with_ a. negative, diameter, tolerance, on the first fin section.
  • the second fin section is fitted with a slotted hole.
  • the pin of the hinge extents into this slotted hole and can rotate inside the slotted hole and slide in longitudinal direction. Because of this hinge, the second fin section will follow the rotation of the first fin section. Because of this the fin according to the invention will take a cambered shape.
  • the resistance against rotation, caused by the hinge is constant and relatively small relative to the occurring hydrodynamic loads and will not be any obstruction to let the fin take a cambered shape already at low speeds.
  • the dimensions of the slotted hole can be made such that the end-surfaces form an end-stop.
  • the advantage is that in this way a stronger and lighter construction of the fin is obtained.
  • the gap in between two rigid fin sections is filled with a flexible material.
  • a flexible material In case of flexible hinges the over-determined condition during the movement from one to the other extreme position will be absorbed by means of stretching of the flexible soft material.
  • This can be for instance silicon rubber or natural rubber.
  • An advantage is that a smooth streamlined shape of the fin according to the invention is obtained by filling the gap.
  • the flexible material is soft, therefore it hardly increases the resistance against rotation of the fin sections.
  • fixation system comprises a cylindrical body with thread and is inserted in a hole with thread in the connection head. By turning the cylindrical body it will move downward and it will block the rotation of the fin sections.
  • the invention results in better sailing performance, especially sailing up wind.
  • the asymmetric camber of the fin according to the invention is not desired.
  • the freedom of movement can be blocked, in such a way that the fin is fixed in the symmetrical middle position.
  • this is achieved by blocking the rotation of the two shafts which connect the fin to the watercraft by means of a securing pin, because these are accessible from the inside of the watercraft.
  • the hinges with a limited rotation and the two shafts which connect the fin to the watercraft allow a rotation and a lateral shift of the fin sections, such that the fin can take a cambered shape with the desired asymmetrical profile automatically or in a self-adjusting way under the influence of the hydrodynamic load.
  • this load is caused by a sideward drifting of the watercraft, as a result of wind force and wave force on the hull of the watercraft, and wind force at the sail, if it concerns a sailing craft.
  • the load additionally occurs as a result of the rudder steering angle. It is known that the camber of a streamlined profile in a water flow leads to a much higher transverse force on the profile than a symmetrical streamlined profile, which is of course beneficial.
  • the self-adjusting property occurs under influence of the hydrodynamic loads. In case of a keel or dagger board this load results from a lateral drift of the watercraft, or in case of a rudder this is the result of the steering.
  • the loads occur because the water pressure on the lee-side is higher than on the weather-side. In case of a rudder a higher water pressure occurs on the side where the rudder is moved.
  • the pressure difference should lead to a camber of the streamlined profile in the appropriate direction, i.e.
  • the two shafts are placed at the leading edge and back segment, such that the hinges, which connect the fin sections, are positioned in .between these two. If in addition the shaft and bearing at the leading edge is placed ⁇ sufficiently to the front, and the shaft and bearing at the trailing edge is placed sufficiently backward, a bending moment will be obtained that brings the fin in the correct camber.
  • Another advantage of the fin according to the invention is that the angle of attack of the water flow can be influenced in favour by means of a suitable choice of the positions of the hinges and shafts and bearings.
  • the present invention also relates, among other things, to an application in a rudder.
  • the effect is important that the rudder angle can be smaller to generate an equal steering effect, which reduces the drag force as a result of steering action.
  • the fin sections at the leading edge and the trailing edge, which are connected to each other are connected to the hull of the watercraft by two shafts supported in bearings inside the hull of the watercraft.
  • the two fin sections are not directly connected by two shafts to the watercraft, but to the top part of the rudder, which is connected to the watercraft by means of the main rudder shaft.
  • hinge is to be understood as the common applications with a pin sticking in a hole to connect two parts in such a way that they can pivot (pin-hole hinge), e.g. like used often in rudder suspensions, or as an alternative flexible hinge.
  • pin-hole hinge e.g. like used often in rudder suspensions
  • the section rotations will result in a dead-bend in the steering, because of which a small rudder angle will have no effect, which is undesirable. Therefore a rudder must have flexible hinges with certain stiffness against rotations, since this will take away the dead-bend.
  • a smooth outside surface will be obtained, without open gaps between the fin sections, thus the streamline will be optimal and the sailing 5 resistance will be as low as possible.
  • the two shafts which connect the fin sections to the hull of the water craft must should not only enable a rotation of the fin - -- - sections-relative to the. watercraft and..carryin ⁇ j the bending moments (a) and the transverse loads (b) , they also have to take an axial
  • the shafts can move without to too much friction under load a, b and c, such that the hydrodynamic loads are able to accomplish the rotations. With respect to the other loads the light and smooth rotation ability is of no importance.
  • the shafts are therefore preferably fitted with a
  • the ballast weight will have a transverse component at the keel, which is acting in opposite direction of the hydrodynamic force. If this force would become larger than the hydrodynamic force, the asymmetry of the profile could be bent in the wrong direction. This phenomenon holds a
  • Figure 1 shows a side view of a watercraft with a keel and a rudder according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a top view of an application of a cross-section of a fin
  • Figure 3 shows a top view of an application as a rudder with a rudder angle
  • Figure 4 shows a top view of an alternative construction of a hinge by means of the use of a flexible connection material, for instance rubber;
  • Figure 5 a front view of an application as a fin for a surfboard
  • the watercraft 1 with keel sections 2,3,4 are presented in figure 1.
  • the three fin sections are connected to each other by- means of two hinges 5, and the section at the leading edge and the section at the trailing edge are connected to the watercraft such that they can pivot by means of two shafts 6 fitted with radial and axial bearings within the watercraft.
  • the fin sections of the rudder 8,9,10 are represented, connected to each other by means of two hinges 11, and the section at the leading edge and at the trailing edge are connected by rotation shafts to the top part of the rudder, which is connected to the watercraft by means of a rudder shaft 7.
  • Figure 2 shows how the hinges 5 and the shafts 6 are positioned in the asymmetrical cambered profile. It also shows the 5 limitation of the rotation of the hinges to a small angle caused by means of the small wedge-shaped gaps in between the fin sections.
  • the arrow 14 points out the direction of the water flow at a small --- - -dr ⁇ f-t.-angle..
  • the weather-side i_s._in__this _case the topside and the lee-side is the bottom of the profile.
  • the arrow 15 shows the
  • Figure 3 shows rudder sections 8,9,10 and the main rudder shaft 7.
  • Arrow 15 represents the hydrodynamic transverse force
  • Figure 4 shows an alternative hinge that allows a limited rotation between the fin sections 8 and 9 by means of the deformation of a flexible connection material 18, for instance rubber, and which has a resistance against rotation due to the
  • the hinge is built from two u-shaped metal profiles 17 of a hard material, for instance steel.
  • the U-profile has a ⁇ back' and two ⁇ legs' . Between the backs of the U-profiles, which are placed in a mirrored position relative to each other, a rubber layer
  • the thickness and flexibility or elasticity of the rubber layer are to be chosen such that the desired resistance against rotation of the hinge and the desired limitation of rotation will be obtained.
  • the edge of the fin sections will be placed between the legs of the u-profile. To simplify mounting and dismounting the U-shaped profiles can be mounted to the fin sections by means of sunken bolts.
  • Figure 5 shows an application according to the invention in the shape of a fin -fit for a surfboard 31.
  • the fin has two fin sections 20,21.
  • the fin section 20 at the leading edge and the backward finsection 21 at the trailing edge are basically shaped like a plate.
  • the fin sections are rounded-off to provide a streamlined shape.
  • the fin sections 20,21 are fitted with tapered rotation shafts 22 and 23.
  • the shafts are made out of stainless steel.
  • the shafts 22,23 are almost completely positioned within the fin sections, to transfer forces occurring during surfing.
  • a mould is used which can be filled with epoxy resin.
  • the shaft 22 was placed inside the mould containing the epoxy resin. After the hardening of the resin approximately 5/6 part of the length of the shaft 22, 23 is within finsection 20,21.
  • the part of the shaft extending outside the fin section is cylindrical shaped and extends into a connection head 25.
  • the shafts are positioned mainly parallel and in this case have an angle of approximately 75-85 degrees relative to the bottom surface 25a of the connection head 25.
  • connection head is of the type "tuttle box".
  • This type of connection head is a standard type for surfboards and has the dimensions to accommodate the shafts and bearings. Slide-bearings are used for the shafts 27. The shafts can rotate relative to the connection head 25.
  • the fin sections 20,21 have a fixed connection to the shafts 22,23.
  • the fin sections 20,21 are connected to each other by means of the hinges 29,30.
  • the hinge 29 is is fitted with a pin which can rotate and is enclosed in a hole.
  • the hinge 30 is placed near the bottom surface 25a of the connection head 25. The diameter of the pin and hole in the hinge 30 are such that a small movement is possible, which allows the rotation movement of the fin sections.
  • the hinge incorporates a pin, which extends into a slotted hole. Due to the slotted hole the pin has some freedom of movement to slide.
  • the hinge 29 is placed near the tip of the shafts 22,23.
  • the hole of hinge 29 is not a slotted hole that allows the pin of the hinge 29 to shift. Rotation of the fin sections is enabled by local bending of the fin.
  • the gap between the fin sections is filled with a flexible material 24, such as silicon rubber. In this way, the fin obtains a smooth streamlined shape.
  • connection head 25 a fixation pin 26 between both shafts 22, 23 is placed.
  • the fixation pin 26 is cylindrically shaped and provided with and external thread.
  • the fixation pin is provided with a conic tip extending outside the connection head 25.
  • the fixation pin 26 is placed in the connection head opposite to a hole in the finsection. This makes it possible to limit or block completely the cambering of the fin sections By adjusting the position of the fixation pin 26.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Support Of The Bearing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une dérive hydrodynamique, telle qu'une quille ou une barre d'une construction flottante, notamment, d'un voilier ou d'une planche de surf. Cette dérive comporte au moins deux sections (20, 21), qui peuvent être rattachées à la construction flottante (31) de manière à permettre une rotation, lors de laquelle les sections de la dérive peuvent tourner entre deux positions extrêmes autour d'un axe (22, 23) qui est pratiquement parallèle au plan symétrique longitudinal de la coque. A ces positions extrêmes, les sections de la dérive engendrent une forme principalement cintrée par rapport à la dérive et elles présentent la caractéristique de pouvoir se déplacer avec une résistance pratiquement constante d'une position extrême à une autre. La dérive hydrodynamique est également pourvue d'une butée (26) afin d'arrêter la rotation des sections de la dérive, lorsqu'elles pivotent d'une position extrême à une autre, de telle manière qu'elles peuvent épouser une position extrême ou une autre, en fonction du résultat de la charge hydrodynamique.
PCT/NL2005/000523 2004-07-19 2005-07-19 Derive hydrodynamique Ceased WO2006009439A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05766791A EP1786664A1 (fr) 2004-07-19 2005-07-19 Derive hydrodynamique
US11/632,701 US20080207070A1 (en) 2004-07-19 2005-07-19 Hydrodynamic Fin

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1026677A NL1026677C2 (nl) 2004-07-19 2004-07-19 Zelfinstellende asymmetrische kiel, zwaard, of roer voor een vaartuig.
NL1026677 2004-07-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006009439A1 true WO2006009439A1 (fr) 2006-01-26

Family

ID=34981218

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NL2005/000523 Ceased WO2006009439A1 (fr) 2004-07-19 2005-07-19 Derive hydrodynamique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20080207070A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1786664A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL1026677C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006009439A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9944356B1 (en) 2009-03-25 2018-04-17 Alexander T. Wigley Shape shifting foils

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL2002486C2 (en) * 2009-02-03 2010-08-04 Klaas Boudewijn Van Gelder Dynamic fin comprising coupled fin sections.
DE102010001102A1 (de) * 2009-11-06 2011-05-12 Becker Marine Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Anordnung zur Ermittlung einer auf ein Ruder wirkenden Kraft
WO2011057330A1 (fr) * 2009-11-10 2011-05-19 Origin Fin Systems Pty Ltd Collerette d'aileron avec une surface de modification de fluide
AU2013204785C1 (en) 2012-07-09 2019-09-05 Fin Control Systems Pty. Limited Fin Plug for Water Craft
AU2013204755A1 (en) 2012-11-14 2014-05-29 Fin Control Systems Pty. Limited A Fin Plug for a Water Craft
US9463855B2 (en) 2014-04-23 2016-10-11 David B. Stone, JR. Propulsion device for sailboat
US11214344B1 (en) 2019-12-09 2022-01-04 Brunswick Corporation Marine propulsion device and lower unit therefor
US11111849B1 (en) 2019-12-19 2021-09-07 Brunswick Corporation Marine propulsion device and lower unit therefor

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE376152C (de) * 1920-06-22 1923-05-24 Emil Palmblad Schwert fuer Segelschiffe
US2608173A (en) 1948-09-27 1952-08-26 Kersten Herbert Hinzie Windward lifting centerboard
US3165086A (en) * 1962-09-25 1965-01-12 Calvin W Eastep Oscillating propeller
FR89945E (fr) * 1966-05-05 1967-09-08 Csf Dispositif de transformation d'un mouvement rotatif en mouvement de torsion alternatif
DE3040104A1 (de) * 1980-10-24 1982-08-19 Renate Dipl.-Metr. Hintze Passiv-wendendes unterwasserprofil fuer ruderanlagen, schwerter und kiele an wasserfahrzeugen und schwimmendem geraet, insbesondere segelfahrzeuge und segelbretter
US5181678A (en) 1991-02-04 1993-01-26 Flex Foil Technology, Inc. Flexible tailored elastic airfoil section
DE9403714U1 (de) * 1994-03-04 1994-04-28 Dangschat, Holmer, Dipl.-Ing., 83301 Traunreut Bewegbarer Kiel
DE19613673A1 (de) 1996-04-04 1997-10-09 Norbert Zellner Profilkörper zur Stabilisierung von windgetriebenen Wasserfahrzeugen, insbesondere Finne oder Kiel

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5176553A (en) * 1991-05-22 1993-01-05 Tuttle Lawrence J Sailboard fin box adapter
US6178598B1 (en) * 1996-07-15 2001-01-30 Southco, Inc. Adjustable hinge assembly
US6726336B2 (en) * 2001-01-12 2004-04-27 Sony Corporation Projector having a hinged front cover with a loudspeaker

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE376152C (de) * 1920-06-22 1923-05-24 Emil Palmblad Schwert fuer Segelschiffe
US2608173A (en) 1948-09-27 1952-08-26 Kersten Herbert Hinzie Windward lifting centerboard
US3165086A (en) * 1962-09-25 1965-01-12 Calvin W Eastep Oscillating propeller
FR89945E (fr) * 1966-05-05 1967-09-08 Csf Dispositif de transformation d'un mouvement rotatif en mouvement de torsion alternatif
DE3040104A1 (de) * 1980-10-24 1982-08-19 Renate Dipl.-Metr. Hintze Passiv-wendendes unterwasserprofil fuer ruderanlagen, schwerter und kiele an wasserfahrzeugen und schwimmendem geraet, insbesondere segelfahrzeuge und segelbretter
US5181678A (en) 1991-02-04 1993-01-26 Flex Foil Technology, Inc. Flexible tailored elastic airfoil section
DE9403714U1 (de) * 1994-03-04 1994-04-28 Dangschat, Holmer, Dipl.-Ing., 83301 Traunreut Bewegbarer Kiel
DE19613673A1 (de) 1996-04-04 1997-10-09 Norbert Zellner Profilkörper zur Stabilisierung von windgetriebenen Wasserfahrzeugen, insbesondere Finne oder Kiel

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9944356B1 (en) 2009-03-25 2018-04-17 Alexander T. Wigley Shape shifting foils

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20080207070A1 (en) 2008-08-28
NL1026677C2 (nl) 2006-01-23
EP1786664A1 (fr) 2007-05-23

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