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WO2006094780A2 - Procede d'observation autostereoscopique d'images et systeme autostereoscopique - Google Patents

Procede d'observation autostereoscopique d'images et systeme autostereoscopique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006094780A2
WO2006094780A2 PCT/EP2006/002115 EP2006002115W WO2006094780A2 WO 2006094780 A2 WO2006094780 A2 WO 2006094780A2 EP 2006002115 W EP2006002115 W EP 2006002115W WO 2006094780 A2 WO2006094780 A2 WO 2006094780A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image
pitch
display device
arrangement according
image display
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Ceased
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PCT/EP2006/002115
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German (de)
English (en)
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WO2006094780A8 (fr
WO2006094780A3 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Tzschoppe
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X3D Technologies GmbH
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X3D Technologies GmbH
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Publication of WO2006094780A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006094780A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Publication of WO2006094780A8 publication Critical patent/WO2006094780A8/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/388—Volumetric displays, i.e. systems where the image is built up from picture elements distributed through a volume
    • H04N13/395—Volumetric displays, i.e. systems where the image is built up from picture elements distributed through a volume with depth sampling, i.e. the volume being constructed from a stack or sequence of 2D image planes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/30—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/31—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method in which the light emanating from a first array formed by individual elements, or that coming from a light source, passing through the elements of a first array light is directed to a second array of translucent elements, wherein with Determining the positions of the elements on the first array, with the determination of the positions of the elements on the second array and with the determination of the distance of the two arrays from each other propagation directions for the light coming from the first array are given.
  • the invention further relates to an arrangement for the application of this method.
  • the necessary small distance between the pixel or sub-pixel level of the 2D base display or projector and the image separation device (barrier or filter array) is not technically possible or only partially realized.
  • the viewer uses the 3D image display device outside the optimal viewing plane, which leads to the described losses in the quality of the 3D image perception.
  • the said distance can in principle not be chosen freely, since it depends on the predetermined optimal viewing distance. This is often an overriding disadvantage.
  • the interested viewer must seek such a position at a distance z from the autostereoscopic arrangement in which these moire fringes appear to disappear by making a moire pitch (the term pitch is used here in the Sense of pitch, distance used) that is greater than the width of the 3D display or projector.
  • the observer is often supported by active or passive positioning aids.
  • the cause of the moiré fringes is the viewing distance-dependent mismatch of the angle pitch of the structures of the 2D base display or projector and the angular pitch of the structures of image separators, such as barrier or filter array.
  • both angular pitches have the same value, which makes the pitch of the shift moire infinitely large. Only at this distance the viewer can monocularly see the pixels or subpixels of a single view.
  • the crosstalk is ideally zero, the image separation is perfect and very large 3D depths are possible.
  • Moire phenomena are therefore used in the manufacture of autostereoscopic arrangements as adjustment aid for X, Y, Z orientation of the image separation device relative to the 2D base display or projector. Adjustment criterion is the most extensive disappearance of the lateral and azimuthal moire phenomena or of the displacement and rotation moire. The Moire phenomena are also used as a positioning aid for the viewer for the same reason in conventional autostereoscopic arrangements.
  • the terms “screen”, “image display device” and “array of individual elements” in the context of the invention means an image reproduction medium with active or passive, with emissive or transmissive, with analog or digital image reproduction, eg a display, flat display ( LCD, PDP, LED display or OLED display) or a projection display Other configurations are possible, such as a picture-taking film
  • the screen or the picture-taking device has full color pixels or RGB subpixels, these being arranged in rows and columns
  • the autostereoscopic arrangement in the sense of this invention comprises the screen or image display device and image-separating means, usually referred to as an array of translucent elements, lenticular or barrier.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a method and associated arrangements for the autostereoscopic viewing of images, which largely eliminate the described disadvantages. and thereby improve the quality of image reproduction in autostereoscopic arrangements.
  • the object is achieved with a method for autostereoscopic image reproduction in which the light emanating from a first array formed by individual elements or coming from a light source passing through the elements of a first array is directed onto a second array of light-transmissive elements in which, with the definition of the positions of the elements on the first array, with the fixing of the positions of the elements on the second array and with the determination of the distance between the two arrays, propagation directions for the light coming from the first array are predetermined; themselves intersect in an image plane lying in front of or behind the two arrays or in several image planes lying in front of and / or behind the two arrays, thereby producing images in these image planes, which an observer, outside these image planes, looks at the two in succession arranged arrays b finds autostereoscopically before and / or behind the two arrays.
  • the object of the invention is further achieved with an arrangement for autostereoscopic image reproduction, with a first array on which elements are located in predetermined positions, from which emanates light, or passes through the light coming from a light source, which coming from the first array Light is directed to a second array on which translucent elements are located in predetermined positions such that due to the positions of the elements on the first array, due to the positions of the elements on the second array, and the spacing of both arrays from each other
  • Propagation directions are given for the light coming from the first array, which intersect in an image plane lying in front of or behind the two arrays or in several image planes lying in front of and / or behind the two arrays, and images are thereby produced in these image planes. which an observer who is outside of these image planes with a view of the two successive arrays, before and / or behind the two arrays autostereoscopic perceives.
  • the images are displayed in depth staggered planes T before (T> 0) and / or behind (T ⁇ 0) the autostereoscopic arrangement at much greater 3D depths generates real images of objects and figures before the autostereoscopic arrangement (T> 0, so-called "out-screening"); the real images can be projected onto a screen in the image plane T if required (as opposed to virtual images); the image planes in which the images of objects and figures are formed can be imaged by lenses, including Fresnel lenses "Out-screening" is limited only by the observer's individual accommodation ratio (ACC / Convergence / Accommodation) and its convergence or motor convergence performance, and "out-screening" is possible as far as the viewer, since fusion convergence are trainable; a high individual AC / A quotient is from
  • the distance between the screen and image separation device easy adjustability or change the 3D depths, thus a simple adaptation of the depths to the wishes of the user of such an arrangement is possible, a continuous depth variation is possible, the orthoscopic viewing space is essentially unlimited in all coordinates XYZ, in the coordinates X and Y the viewing space is limited only by the viewing angle range of the screen, there are no pseudoscopic viewing positions, the image separation is complete in the entire viewing space, the 3D image quality and the 3D image quality Depths are independent of the viewing distance, even with a high-resolution screen, small viewing distances are possible.
  • the stereoptic "gum effect” is eliminated in all coordinate directions XYZ with regard to small viewing distances, - realization of real or natural motion parallaxes in the coordinate directions X and Y, even with large "out-screening" do not appear “double images", the stereoptic "size inversions” (incorrect proportions between "front” and “back") are eliminated, - the 3D impression arises regardless of the azimuthal orientation of the eyes relative to the screen, the use of lying image display devices is possible, 100% recognition reliability of the 3D information, in the 3D image larger brightness values and better contrast values are achieved, - the color brilliance and the color contrast are better, the color saturation is maximum, full color capability be achieved, it is less computationally intensive static and / or real-time dynamic information representation is possible, higher frame rate frequencies are achieved without image compression and without quality losses,
  • the method according to the invention and the arrangements which are suitable for practicing the method can be advantageously designed and used as follows: a) for autostereoscopic arrangements of any dimensions with depth-graduated, simultaneously and / or sequentially displayed image planes, side by side and / or one above the other, on which optical or visual information, for example, with signal character, as text, as a numeric display and / or as an image, spatially perceptible.
  • display devices are executable with a high attention-getting effect and high recognition reliability for the viewer
  • Autostereoscopic arrangements according to the invention can be provided everywhere where optical effects are to be achieved visually with the viewer with extreme "out-screening", extremely large viewing space and / or from all azimuthal spatial directions or in all azimuthal display orientations
  • c) Autostereoscopic arrangements according to a) or b) can be used in combination with the 3D / 2D switching methods and arrangements of the company 4D-Vision or X3D (Germany)
  • d) autostereoscopic arrangements according to a), b) or c ) may be applied to portions of prior art autostereoscopic arrangements for the purpose of simultaneous
  • the autostereoscopic arrangements known in the art are dimensioned so that the lateral moiré appearances (so-called shift moire) arising on the 2D base display and the image separator are in the (and only in the) optimal viewing distance disappear.
  • these moire phenomena appear as perturbations and cause and at the same time indicate poor 3D image quality.
  • the azimuthal moire phenomena the so-called twist moire
  • the lateral moire phenomena remain in the form of vertical moire stripes.
  • the invention does not aim at "disappearing" of the lateral moiré phenomena, but aims at their conscious use, on the basis of which the principle underlying the invention will be explained below.
  • the known autostereoscopic arrangements consist of two gratings with structures aligned parallel to each other with different pitch pitch and at a distance greater than zero.
  • M linear lateral moire pitch m'B 1P / E: Angle pitch of the grating 1 B 1E / (ED): Angle pitch of the grating 2 D: Distance of the grids from each other
  • Fig. 1 shows the dependence M (E).
  • the moire linear pitch M approximates a constant value, which is given by the formula nCB ⁇ P - B ⁇ F
  • Moire 2 The moire according to FIG. 1 is referred to as Moire 2 and the Moire according to FIG. 2 as Moire 1.
  • a second moire 2 which is analogous to that in FIG. 1, because its moire pitch M 2 depends on the viewing distance E, can be perceived by the viewer when he moves his eyes to a greater distance than to the distance (ET). E + T 2 ) directed behind the autostereoscopic arrangement. The viewer then looks to infinity rather than close. Moire 2 becomes visible through "parallelization" of the visual axes (more precisely, by reducing the fusion convergence).
  • the quantity T introduced above with formula (3) is thus a depth, for example the distance T> 0 of the "out-screening" of the autostereoscopic arrangement.
  • Moire 2 shows a completely different spatial behavior. For its perceptible depth T 2 , formula (5) holds.
  • the moire 2 appears behind the grids or behind the autostereoscopic arrangement at large viewing distances E.
  • the depth T 2 of the moire 2 has an inverse dependence on the viewing distance E.
  • T 2 increases , the moire 2 behind the gratings approaches the viewer, appearing to lie in the grating plane and finally in front of it.
  • the Moire 2 thus shows an "inverse rubber effect" compared to the "rubber effect" in the prior art, for example in two-view systems with tracking or in the fusion of a stereo image pair.
  • Moire 1 can be optically captured on a white screen when positioned at distance T.
  • Moire 1 is a real optical phenomenon in the case T> 0. This is not the case with Moire 2.
  • moire 2 has a further variability: if the observer turns his head about an axis parallel to the body longitudinal axis, moire 2 also rotates in the same direction. The plane in which Moire 2 appears tilts about an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the head.
  • Moire 2 has a continuous course of its depths T 2 ; it lies in a plane that is not oriented parallel to the autostereoscopic arrangement.
  • Moire 1 and Moire 2 This refers to perceptible motion parallax.
  • Moire 2 the motion parallax for the moire is rectified in front of and behind the gratings, while in moire 1 it is in the opposite direction, namely at T> 0, contrary to the observer's head movement and at T ⁇ 0 with this motion.
  • the motion parallax thus only corresponds to moire 1 of natural motion parallax, for example in the case of two successive objects in nature.
  • the quasi simultaneous occurrence of Moire 1 and Moire 2 can be avoided, among other things, if the Moire Pitch M-i meets the condition:
  • Moire 1 which is "stable" with respect to moire pitch Mi and depth T, is dominant; conflicts between the two moires can be avoided according to the invention.
  • Case a Barrier in front of the screen
  • Case b Barrier behind the screen
  • Case A Image layers in front of the screen
  • Case B Image layers behind the screen
  • FaIM Horizontal / vertical pixel pitch B-
  • P Horizontal / Vertical "Standard” Pixel Pitch B 1P s and Horizontal / Vertical Element Pitch B 1E ⁇ Horizontal / Vertical "Standard” Element Pitch B
  • the inventive method and associated arrangements succeed by realizing the following conditions. They apply at least for the 4 cases Aa, Ab, Ba, Bb in case 1 and in case 2.
  • T the directed distance of the image plane from the screen (directed depth)
  • RGB-based screen LCD, PDP or the like
  • m ", m '" are: natural numbers
  • m'"m'B 1P a generalized object pitch of the screen
  • m ' ⁇ m' a generalized object pitch of the barrier
  • the depths in image planes with the depth T> 0 or T ⁇ 0 according to formula (7a) are only dependent on constructive parameters of the autostereoscopic arrangement.
  • the depths T are thus easily adjustable and controllable by selecting the device parameters D, Bi E and / or m'B 1P .
  • the 3D impression is achieved even if the object structure on the screen and the element structure of the barrier are interchanged.
  • the example transparent-opaque filter array can be arranged in front of the LCD or behind the LCD, with essentially only the filter array pitch is changed.
  • the arrangement of the transparent-opaque barrier in front of the LCD or behind the LCD can be retained, ie the LCD with its controlled RGB subpixels remains behind, for example, and the barrier with its transparent-opaque elements remains ahead. Only the specific object structure of the LCD is transferred to the barrier and the specific element structure of the barrier to the LCD (see Embodiment 4).
  • the spatial impression on the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention completely corresponds to the natural visual impression.
  • the spatial images of the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention do not give way before the observer when approaching it or do not follow the observer when he or she leaves. The unnatural "gum effect" is eliminated.
  • the device parameters D, B 1E , m'B 1P in formula (7a) can be specified on the hardware side. This will be explained in more detail in the embodiments below.
  • Software solutions with respect to element pitch B 1E and / or pixel pitch Bi P have the advantage that image levels with variable depth, number and arrangement can be generated in real time.
  • the depth T O, ie images which lie in the plane of the screen and whose stereoscopic parallax is equal to zero, realized by the fact that the barrier is structureless formed on the surface in question and in the LCD on the corresponding surface, the desired 2D -BiId is displayed.
  • the barrier acts homogeneously absorbing on this surface and / or the 2D image is correspondingly reduced in its surface luminance.
  • case A T> 0
  • case B T ⁇ 0
  • case A T> 0
  • case B T ⁇ 0
  • the condition (8) shows how, according to the invention, the depth T of an image plane can be varied in a wide range compared to the viewer distance E.
  • the image plane B1 for which mB 1P ⁇ A is realized disappears in the minus infinity (T ⁇ - ⁇ ).
  • the image pitch Wi is a measure of the maximum size of the image in the image plane with the depth T. Comparing the formulas (4b) and (4c) with the formulas (11a) and (11b), it follows that the Image Pitch Wi matches the Moire Pitch Wed.
  • the depth T regardless of the image pitch W 1 by changing, for example, increase in the distance D varies, for example, be increased.
  • the invention allows large depths T even on small displays with correspondingly small BiId-PJtChS W 1 .
  • image in the following means the image impression perceivable in the image plane with the depth T within the image pitch W 1 .
  • the image pitch W 1 is a measure of the size of the perceived image.
  • Such an image can be, for example, at least one of the images from FIG. 19a, FIG. 19b, FIG. In Fig. 14a, for example, the image consists of two images, for example, the numerals 0 and 4 within the image pitch W 1 . (If there is more than one image within the image pitch W 1 , one could also speak of a group of images: the perceivable image impression would then be a group of images, or one generally speaks of a perceptible group of images consisting of at least one image).
  • images are generally composed of partial images, as shown in FIGS. 12b and 14a.
  • the entire screen can contain several similar or vertically or diagonally arranged different images or image groups.
  • FIG. 14a for example, the pictures or groups of images “numbers 0 and 4", "two dots", “numbers 3 and 7" are displayed one below the other. assigns.
  • An image can also consist of only one partial image, as each "point" of Fig. 14a shows.
  • the perceived or perceived size of a natural object such as a house, whether far or near, remains constant - in accordance with. experience at all levels of human development.
  • Fig.X1 is also very well suited, in addition to the lack of "size constancy" to make the "rubber effect” in the autostereoscopic arrangements in the prior art in all three spatial directions X 1 Y 1 Z clearly.
  • the "rubber effect" in the Z direction means, for example, that the depth T of the stereoscopic space impression "comes along" with the viewer.
  • two-channel autostereoscopic arrangements in the prior art despite elaborate tracking systems show a complete "gum effect".
  • H ET perceived or apparent height of the field / image in the image plane with the
  • H / E 2 x tangent of the half visual angle under which the partial object or object appears
  • E-T perceived distance of the observer from the image plane with the depth T.
  • the stereoptically perceived height H ET is therefore not a constant, in contrast to the size constancy in natural vision.
  • the lack of size constancy applies without restriction to the 3D displays from the prior art.
  • this also applies to the perceived height of the partial images / images according to the invention.
  • Drawings / pictures in picture layers in front of the screen (T> 0) appear smaller in height
  • drawing files / pictures in picture layers behind the screen (T ⁇ 0) appear in height greater than the monocular object or object on the screen at distance E.
  • the width of the partial images / images It will be shown below that, unlike the prior art in the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention, the size constancy of natural vision exists. This is demonstrated in the case described with exclusively horizontal motion parallax for the perceived width of the partial images / images, but applies in the case of horizontal and vertical motion parallax of the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention for the width and height of the partial images / images in image planes with the depth T.
  • the total width of sub-images / images in the image plane having the depth T is here given in terms of the total (half-width) width HWB g ⁇ s , by the term "half-width" is meant a luminance-related quantity.
  • the perceived total apparent width (half width) HWB ges is calculated according to formulas (16).
  • HWB ges ⁇ niB ET (16b) m'q P -q E IP E
  • Depth T viewed from a distance (ET) ri HWB .
  • ges Number of (horizontally) adjacent visible luminous (for bright object) subpixels of the screen for which: 50% ⁇ visible subpixel size / width ⁇ 100%
  • the quotient T / D represents a magnification factor which, applied to the width of the transparent elements of the barrier (B 0E + ⁇ B O E), the perceivable width of the field / image B E. T results.
  • the width of monochrome subpictures / images in RGB pixel subpixel image display devices can be varied by changing ⁇ B O E of the transparent barrier elements to a factor 3. If this change occurs continuously, there is also a continuous variation of the width.
  • nnw ß ges of the visible adjacent bright subpixels of the display con- tains as denominator, the factor (ET), compare formula (16a) and (16c).
  • g is at the approach of the observer to the image plane with depth T
  • T> increases the number nnw B 0.
  • the product nnw B g x it M'b-ip is the monocular visible width of the partial objects / items on the screen.
  • the monocular visible width "exploded".
  • the unnaturalness of the stereoscopic vision hardly noticeable, for example, because the depths T of the stereoscopic visual impressions in front of the 3D display compared to the viewer distance E from the 3D display are small, or (E-T) is very large.
  • formula (16d) shows that the perceived distance (ET) in the Emmertian "constancy of size" is ineffective at the perceived apparent width B ET , as opposed to the height HE-T and the state
  • the perceived apparent width BE-T is a constant independent of the viewing distance E.
  • the total (half-width) width HWB ges is generally composed of two amounts:
  • HWB ges HWB + VWB (16h) are in it
  • HWB half width of partial images with full width VWB ⁇ 0 VWB: full width of partial images
  • VWB A rel - ⁇ (1 ⁇ n)
  • the width B 0E of the transparent barrier elements is initially “adjusted” with respect to a selected viewing distance E, ie there is an “adaptation condition” with respect to the viewing distance E in the "standard mode” of the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention (explanation on the "Standard Mode “and” Portrait Mode “see below).
  • the underlying viewing distance E should correspond to the maximum viewing distance E of the user on the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention.
  • the dependence B 0E (E) is low for E> T (see also Fig. 6), so that the maximum surface luminance is maintained over a wide range of distances.
  • VWB A rel AB 0E A measure of the "blurring" of the partial images / images of the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention at their respective outer edges (with exclusively horizontal motion parallax on the vertical outer edges) is half the half-width HWB / 2 the better is the larger the width of the transparent elements of the barrier (B 0E + ⁇ B O E) compared to the "adapted" width B 0E .
  • HWB ges HWB + VWB (1 ⁇ n)
  • the images in the image planes with the depths T are composed of partial images. If a homogeneous brightness is desired within and between the partial images of an image, according to the invention according to the formulas (19) and (20) a certain width of the transparent barrier elements must be maintained.
  • the homogeneity condition is:
  • HWB 865 W 1 (19) followed by formulas (16d), (14), (11), (7aa)
  • Bo E. ho ⁇ v total width of the transparent barrier elements for homogeneous brightness of images consisting of partial images in the image plane with the depth T The homogeneity condition according to the formulas (20a), (20b), (20c) applies to an RGB screen, for example a TFT LCD, for a partial image with one and the same color or mixed color (see also exemplary embodiment 1 below).
  • the homogeneity condition according to formula (20) has another advantage achieved by the invention. Disturbing RGB Moire phenomena that produce the vertical RGB stripes in RGB image display devices such as LCD or PDP are eliminated. Moire phenomena, which originate from the so-called black matrix of the screen and also occur in the prior art, are suppressed. This is the more the case, the smaller the quotient of the width of the black matrix strips and the element width B is 0Eh om of the barrier. The stripe width of the black matrix is ⁇ C in the prior art; to increase the brightness of PDP or LCD also «C.
  • the homogeneity condition has another advantage.
  • the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention can also be used to display 2D image contents on the screen without having to remove the barrier.
  • widening the transparent filter areas leads to a significant deterioration of the 3D image quality or the 3D depth as a result of the increasing crosstalk and thus reduced channel separation.
  • the edge blur on each side of the image has only a width that is 1/4 VWB of a sub-image.
  • the homogeneity condition (20) is easy to realize and to be kept in practice.
  • square partial images / images (with square images are meant images that consist only of a square field or images that consist of horizontally and vertically the same number of square fields):
  • the Formein apply (16) not only for the perceived width B ET , but analogously for the perceived height HE-T-
  • quadratic fields / images with natural motion parallax in virtually arbitrarily wide ranges of motion in the X, Y and Z directions in the case of perceptible height and width sizes of the partial images / images, as in the case of natural vision.
  • a particularly simple way of generating square fields / images uses the associativity of the multiplicative optical filtering of the barrier with respect to the size of the effective structures of the imager and the barrier. According to the invention, this consists in combining linear-vertical object structures or linear-horizontal object structures on the screen with linear-horizontal element structures or linear-vertical element structures of the transparent-opaque barrier.
  • linear-vertical object structures are the vertical rectangular subpixels in standard mode, which are combined with linear-horizontal elements of the barrier, or linear horizontal object structures are the horizontal-rectangular subpixels in portrait mode, which are combined with linear-vertical elements of the barrier, the smaller dimension C of the rectangular sub-pixels of the LCD and the smaller dimension B 0E of the rectangular elements of the barrier being substantially equal. It applies
  • Oy horizontal or vertical measure of the binocular surface belonging to the image / image group with the image pitch W 1 in the image plane with the depth T in the object plane, this is the plane of the screen, i: real number, i ⁇ 1 j: real number, j ⁇ 1
  • Oy As a binocular surface, besides the monocular surface in the object plane, Oy also contains the stereoscopic parallax in the object plane belonging to the image with the image pitch W 1 in the image plane with the depth T.
  • N number of (perspective) views for the same image in the image plane with the depth T and a picture pitch Wi
  • BBW width of the screen
  • O 11 width of the area of the object plane of the screen belonging to the image with the image pitch W 1 in the image plane with the depth T
  • m'B 1P object pitch of the screen, for example, the LC Arrays of an LCD
  • N is much larger than in the prior art, namely N> »8, for example N> 100 views. Unlike the 3D
  • N mxx maximum number of (perspective) views for all images in the image plane with the depth T and a picture pitch W 1
  • Fig.X2 shows the horizontal section through the autostereoscopic arrangement.
  • the observer is located at a very great distance E (E ⁇ ⁇ ), his visual rays are drawn in parallel (dashed lines).
  • E E ⁇ ⁇
  • his visual rays are drawn in parallel (dashed lines).
  • the sub-images in the image plane with the depth T are real images that can be "intercepted" on a screen, for example a screen, in this plane.
  • the autostereoscopic arrangement is shown in its entire width B B w.
  • two adjacent images N and M with the image pitches WI N and W 1M each consisting of three bright sub-images n1, n2, n3 and m1, m2, m3 and one dark sub-image n ⁇ and m ⁇ are shown.
  • the observer is initially in his right position, he sees the right image N complete with all four partial images n ⁇ , n1, n2, n3. From the left picture M he sees from this position only the dark field m ⁇ and a little less than half of the field m1. He can not see the rest of the sub-picture m1 as well as the sub-pictures m2 and m3 because they are outside the LCD and therefore are not "illuminated" by it. If the viewer moves to the left position, the right image N disappears progressively on the right edge of the LCD (it "goes under”) and the left image M appears more and more complete on the left edge of the LCD (it "goes"). Both images shift to the right, contrary to the movement of the viewer to the left.
  • the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention thus has a parallax of motion, as in natural vision.
  • the viewer sees the left image M complete with all four partial images m3, m2, m1, m ⁇ .
  • the observer only sees the outermost left edge of the sub-image n3.
  • the right field N has almost "gone under" on the right edge of the LCD.
  • This natural motion parallax is not limited to the two images N and M. If the observer comes from positions further to the right of the right position, he sees the images Z, Y, X ..., O, N appear on the left edge of the LCD one after the other and completely continuously. Moving further from the left position to the left, he will see pictures M, L ... C, B, A on the left edge of the LCD one after the other and completely continuously. The images on the right side disappear completely continuously on the right edge of the LCD.
  • ⁇ x , ⁇ y oblique viewing angle range in the horizontal, vertical direction with respect to a normal to the autostereoscopic arrangement
  • oblique viewing angle ranges are limited only by the maximum oblique viewing angles, in particular with regard to brightness, brightness and color contrast, brightness and color fading. limited, the screen used.
  • the inventive 3D method itself is free of visual limitations.
  • the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention has significant advantages over the prior art. There exists a natural motion parallax even in an eight-channel autostereoscopic arrangement only within narrowly limited ranges of motion. These also have the unnatural "gum effect", i.e. the 3D impression follows the viewer in the X, Y and Z directions.
  • j number of image groups / image groups / image pitches W 1 simultaneously visible from a fixed viewing position in the image plane with the depth T
  • ⁇ z Movement range of the observer in the normal direction for an image, an image group, or an image pitch of size W 1 in the image plane with the depth T
  • the formula (25) is more general than the formula below for ⁇ z, it does not apply only to O 1 J »W 1 .
  • a quality characteristic for spatial perception The quotient T / E is, as in natural vision, the physiologically decisive feature for spatial perception with the help of stereoptic arrangements.
  • the depth T alone is an inappropriate quality feature. It is known from binocular spatial perception that the stereoprical spatial impression at the same depth T is the better and the more accurate the greater the stereo angle in comparison to the stereoscopic angle.
  • Equation (26a) follows equally from the geometrical relationships in natural vision and in the stereoptical arrangement.
  • the +/- signs apply to image planes before (T> 0) or behind (T ⁇ 0) the screen.
  • T m ⁇ maximum depth T> 0 of the image plane for a screen with the screen width BBW E min : minimum viewing distance for (individual) convergence power and / or near-accommodation capability
  • the maximum "out-screening" T max / E 64.4%.
  • FIGS. 6a and 8b show the possibilities of such a 3D combination image display device according to the invention.
  • a width B B w 6000 mm, the 3D combination
  • E screens can be combined with lower "resolution.”
  • the angle of vision under which the sub-picture / image-producing structures appear can be decisive in this case be increased, because the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention is not limited to unresolved structures of the partial image / image.
  • the human visual system is even capable of "opposite" convergence, in that the eyes diverge beyond the parallel position in sleep or lid closure, orient themselves upwards and outwards, and completely “decouple” from accommodation. While awake and with eyes open, constant muscle tension (convergent muscle tone) is required to maintain the normal parallel position of the eyes while accomodating at infinity. That happens quite informally.
  • Asthenopia head, forehead eye pressure or pain, photophobia, dizziness, blurring of sight, eye burning, flickering, fatigue, etc.
  • Asthenopia can already occur on 2D displays / projectors of the prior art and has multifactorial causes: clinical, social, Occupational-hygenic and optical complaints due to optical causes as a result of muscular and fusional asthenopia due to heterophoria (without accommodative asthenopia: clarity, presbyopia) occur in about 10% of all cases alone.
  • the brightness in the partial images / images may be greater than in the prior art in a 3D display with eight views.
  • the neglect is opaque " black matrix "and other brightness reducing components of prior art TFT-LCD
  • L F , standder ⁇ ech ⁇ ik, G areal luminance of a green (red, blue) image on the
  • L S P, G Luminance of the green (red, blue) subpixels of the screen
  • LF, G, 2D areal luminance of a green (red, blue) image on the screen in the prior art
  • the brightness (in the form of the photometric areal luminance) in the field / image of the autostereoscopic arrangement is discussed in more detail below.
  • I_F, G surface luminance of a green (red, blue) partial image / image of the autostereoscopic device according to the invention
  • the monochrome partial images / pictures of the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention are twice as bright as the monochromatic images in the art, L F
  • G 2 L F ⁇ Sta n d de r Tec nnik, G, the brightness of the autostereoscopic inventive arrangement with N > »8 views in this example corresponds to that of a 3D display in the prior art with only four views instead of eight views.
  • the brightness of the autostereoscopic device according to the invention 8 times greater than that of the SD display in the prior art with eight views and thus just as large like the brightness of the monochrome screen of the 2D base display / of monochrome 2D images on the screen / of a "3D display" with only one view.
  • the green (red, blue) subpixels at a distance m'Bi P result in partial images / images spaced apart from the image pitch W 1 .
  • Additional monochrome green (red, blue) subpixels, whose pitch is smaller than the object pitch m'Bi P generate subpictures within the image pitch Wi at the same brightness according to formula (28d) and with positions corresponding to the positions of the additional subpixels correspond (T ⁇ 0) or are arranged horizontally inversely (T> 0),
  • L F. G .m a x rnaximale surface luminance of a green (red, blue) sub-picture / image of the autostereoscopic inventive arrangement
  • k-1 number of adjacent additional brilliant green (red, blue) sub-pixels, whose distance is smaller than the object-pitch M'b 1P .
  • the brightness of the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention is exactly as large as the brightness of the monochrome screen of the 2D base display.
  • the monochrome partial images / images of the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention consist (in the case of horizontal motion parallax) of parallel vertical green (red, blue) lines. Such images are well known in the art and not uncommon.
  • the partial images / pictures of the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention are analogous to the (horizontally) striped 2D company logo from IBM. Ticker and run indicators are often formed of luminous dots (see Fig. 19b), which also have a clear visual distance from each other. It should be noted that the streaking is due to the prior art in pixel- or sub-pixel-structured digital screens (LCD, PDP, LED, OLED).
  • the 3D method according to the invention can certainly generate partial images / images in image planes with the depth T whose line or point density is so great that they are no longer resolved by the observer visually.
  • a photographic object pitch m'B 1P 0.1000 mm
  • a distance D 1, 2484 mm
  • a barrier with the element pitch B 1E 0.0998 mm
  • HWB gesMt HWB ges ⁇ adard ⁇ rer _ 2 (31 b)
  • the total (half-width) width HWB g , porttrait is constant and, as there, maximum areal luminance in the subpicture / image is dispensed with.
  • the partial images in portrait mode appear wider, for example because the ges in the HWB visible 50% of the sub-pixel width 3-fold are still wider than in the standard mode.
  • the half-widths HWB are different in both modes:
  • HWB Portrait 3 • HWB SUadard ⁇ r _ 2 (31c)
  • images in image planes with depth T which are composed of partial images, have a homogeneous brightness within and between the partial images.
  • the brightness in the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention is the areal luminance in the field / image and not an areal luminance of the entire image plane in the depth T.
  • This generally consists of light or dark fields / Images in dark or light surroundings, where "dark” and "light” may be generated by subpixels of the screen with 0 digit / O ⁇ digit ⁇ 255.
  • the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention has a principal advantage over the state-of-the-art 3D displays.
  • the previously described 3D method according to the invention is based on straight-line, beam-geometric light propagation. Diffraction phenomena can be minimized by using 2D screens with sufficiently large subpixels or pixels whose light diffractive structures are sufficiently larger than the maximum wavelength of the image forming light.
  • the object underlying the invention is achieved with an autostereoscopic arrangement with a screen or with an image reproduction device which contains subpixels and / or pixels and / or surface elements for image reproduction.
  • an autostereoscopic arrangement with a screen or with an image reproduction device which contains subpixels and / or pixels and / or surface elements for image reproduction.
  • image display device synonymous with the term “Screen”
  • optical device are synonymous with the term “barrier” and "wavelength filter array” are used.
  • This embodiment is an autostereoscopic arrangement with a very large number of displayed views of a scene / item / text in which the pictorial subpixel / pixel / areal elements of the left view and the pictorial subpixel / pixel / areal elements of the right view on the image display device are not congruent, horizontal and / or vertically adjacent subpixel / pixel / area elements of the image display device are optically superimposed in at least one image plane with the depth T, wherein the depth T according to the equations
  • T is the directional distance of the image plane from the image reproduction device (directed depth)
  • D is the directional distance between the barrier and the image display device
  • B 1E is the horizontal / vertical element pitch of the barrier
  • B 1P is the horizontal / vertical pixel pitch of the image display device
  • m ' is a real number
  • absolute amount m' ⁇ 1, - In 1 B 1P is the horizontal / vertical object pitch of the image display device
  • C is the horizontal subpixel pitch in RGB-based image display, otherwise the pixel pitch, with the viewing distances according to the equation
  • E is the viewing distance from the image display device (E> 0)
  • A is the average pupillary distance of the observer
  • m is a real number with absolute value m> 2
  • ITiB 1P is the directional horizontal / vertical path on the image display device, wherein the +/- signs for image planes in front of / behind the image display device and regardless of whether the barrier is arranged in front of or behind the image display device, further comprising a pixel of the illustrated Image in the image plane with the depth T optically associated with a large number of horizontally and / or vertically adjacent subpixels / pixels / surface elements of the image display device, wherein the left and right eye of the viewer image-effective subpixel / pixel / surface elements with substantially see the same brightness and color information on the image display device, wherein the superposition of adjacent subpixels / pixels / area elements of the image display device is accomplished by means of an imaging optical device located in front of and / or behind the image display device, in which the pitch of the optical device is preferably variable - by binocular viewing of the 3D display images are visible in at least one image plane with the depth T, wherein the image planes do not coincide with the plane of the image display device, in which
  • B 1E 1 S is the element pitch of the barrier for the "fitted" viewing distance E 'and
  • Ax, Ay A (i-1) where ⁇ x, ⁇ y is the range of motion of the observer in the viewing plane at the distance E with respect to the image plane having the depth T, O 11 ⁇ Wi and ⁇ z is the range of movement of the observer in the normal direction for the image plane with the depth T in the case Oy »W 1 , see formula (25) above.
  • Image reproduction device is smaller than in image planes in front of the image display device
  • the quotient of the pitch of the optical device and the object pitch of the image display device is larger when the optical device is located behind the image reproduction device than at image planes in front of the image display device (T> 0) and less than 1 at image planes behind the image display device (T ⁇ 0).
  • the pitch of the optical device is set or changed in the case of being passive in nature.
  • the adjustment or change of the pitch of the optical device takes place on partial surfaces of the optical device.
  • the superposition of adjacent subpixel / pixel / area elements of the image display device can also be done on a partial area basis.
  • the partial surfaces of the image display device image planes with different depths T before (T> 0) and / or behind (T ⁇ 0) are associated with the image display device, wherein the depth T in each of these image planes has a spatially and temporally constant value (see static frontoparallel image planes ) in that the quotient of the pitch of the optical device and the object pitch of the image display device within the sub-areas is locally and temporally constant.
  • image areas with different depths T before (T> 0) and / or behind (T ⁇ 0) are associated with the image rendering device, wherein the depth T in each of these image planes has a locally constant value and in at least one image plane has a temporally variable value (at least one dynamic frontoparallel image plane) by the quotient of the pitch of the optical
  • the object pitch of the image display device of at least one image plane is variable in time.
  • the temporal variation of the quotient of the pitch of the optical device and the object pitch of the image display device in at least one Image plane so that the viewer perceives a continuous change in the depth of this front-parallel image plane.
  • the size of the associated subarea of the image display device increases or decreases.
  • the object pitch of the image display device is greater than the subpixel pitch / pixel pitch of the image display device, but is at least twice the subpixel pitch / pixel pitch of the image display device.
  • the optical device may be a Synthetic Optical Element (SOE), which is generated for example by means of plottering on photographic material.
  • SOE Synthetic Optical Element
  • a laser plotter with resolution> 16,000 dpi is preferably used.
  • the synthetic optical element may be an optical barrier having optically active elements arranged in rows and columns.
  • the optical device is an optical lenticular array.
  • the lines of the optical device and the lines of the optical barrier are oriented parallel and / or perpendicular to the lines of the image display device.
  • the optically active elements are transparent and black opaque elements and the lenticular consists of parallel cylindrical lenses or single lenses in a linear or honeycomb arrangement with a large filling factor.
  • the synthetic optical element is arranged parallel to the image display device or inclined in the vertical and / or horizontal direction to the image display device or rotated by a normal angle by a certain angle when arranged in parallel.
  • the optical device may consist of two synthetic optical elements SOE 1 and SOE 2, which are arranged parallel to the image display device and at a minimum distance from each other, being rotated against each other at a selectable angle and their main axes not to the main axes of the image display device are parallel.
  • the image display device can be an image reproduction medium with active or passive, with analog or digital image reproduction, for example a display, flat display (LCD, PDP or OLED display) or a projection display. Other embodiments are possible.
  • the image display device may be a picture display film.
  • the image display device has full color pixels or RGB subpixels arranged in rows and columns.
  • the RGB subpixels are arranged vertically in columns or horizontally arranged in rows.
  • the image display device is used in the standard mode or in the portrait mode.
  • the image display device has no "fly screen effect" on.
  • Different image contents are generated by the fact that the horizontal and / or vertical extent of the image effective area per horizontal or vertical object pitch or the number of effective full color pixels or RGB subpixels per horizontal and / or vertical object pitch is different and smaller than the horizontal and / or vertical object pitch or the total number of full color pixels or RGB subpixels per horizontal and / or vertical object pitch.
  • a part of the horizontal and / or vertical object pitches of the image display device in the horizontal and / or vertical direction is rendered effective image and the other, not image effective designed part of the horizontal and / or vertical object pitches at least a non-image effective area.
  • the order / arrangement of the image-effective area or areas of the image display device within each image-effective object pitch in the horizontal and / or vertical direction is reversed / reversed for image planes with depth T ⁇ 0 and image planes with depth T> 0.
  • Sections of the image display device are assigned to one and the same image plane with the depth T and produce different images in this image plane, wherein in horizontal Color and brightness of the image-effective areas are preferably the same and sub-surfaces arranged vertically one above the other can have different color and brightness of the image-effective areas.
  • image planes with the depth T in images in non-black surroundings preferably two image planes with different depths T are generated, preferably an image plane with the depth T ⁇ 0 and an image plane with the depth T> 0.
  • monochromatic images in a black background and complementary-color images in a monochromatic environment are preferably produced in the standard mode.
  • the brightness progression in the image is controlled by the quotient XP / XE, whereby a continuous, symmetrical decrease in brightness towards the edge of the image is achieved at x P / x E ⁇ 1.
  • variable depth image planes T are also created by varying the angle between the SOE 1 and SOE 2 optical optical elements, and simultaneously rotating the synthetic optical elements in the same direction.
  • the image display device can be structured in such a way that no macroscopic structures are created which trigger disruptive fusion stimuli in the observer.
  • T directed distance of the image plane from the image display device (directed depth)
  • Condition (2) shows how, according to the invention, the depth T of an image plane can be changed in a wide range compared to the viewer distance E.
  • the image plane B1 for which mB 1P ⁇ A is realized disappears in the minus infinite (T ⁇ - °°).
  • the parameters x P , x E determine the brightness distribution in the image plane. The more the ratio x P / x E deviates from one, the greater the homogeneity in the image and its sharpness.
  • the +/- signs apply here to the arrangements Case Aa) and Case Bb) / Case Ab) and Case Ba).
  • the image pitch W 1 grows substantially in proportion to the depth T of the image plane and to the element pitch Bi E of the barrier, it is essentially independent of the distance D.
  • Oy horizontal / vertical dimension of the partial area of the object plane / the level of the image display device belonging to the image plane with the image pitch W-i and the depth T i: real number, i ⁇ 1 j: real number, j ⁇ 1
  • E is determined by the parameter i.
  • ⁇ x, ⁇ y range of motion of the observer in the viewing plane at the distance E with respect to the image plane with the depth T, O 11 ⁇ Wi
  • the brightness (areal luminance) in the images of the novel 3D display is larger than in the prior art in a 3D display with 8 views.
  • a monochrome image that is an R, G or B image, in the case Aa1
  • I_FB areal luminance in the (monochrome) images of the 3D display
  • L- FB> s td ⁇ areal luminance in (monochrome) images of an X3D standard display with 8 views
  • the brightness (in the form of the photometric surface luminance) in the partial image / image of the autostereoscopic arrangement is treated in detail above with the formulas (27) ff.
  • B 1E 8 views B 1E , s td ⁇ * 8C.
  • B 1E can assume different values for the same 2D basic display.
  • B 1E can be ⁇ 12C.
  • the brightness of the novel SD display in this example corresponds to that of a 3D display in the prior art with four views.
  • the novel 3D display has compared to the 3D displays according to the prior art, a further brightness advantage.
  • An enlargement of the transparent elements of the barrier, for example their broadening, does not compel, as the result of the prior art.
  • the 3D display according to the invention can be increased by increasing the quotients B 0E / B 1E and / or B O p / Bi P brightness even at image levels with great depth without disturbing double images.
  • the barrier is arranged in front of the LCD (case a)) and the case 1) is realized in which the object pitch m'B 1P on the entire image display device is constant and the element pitch B 1E of the barrier is different on subareas is.
  • the maximum horizontal range of motion for one and the same pixel ⁇ x max 2094 mm.
  • there is almost no horizontal range of motion for the image plane with the depth T 5 389.6 mm, ⁇ x max ⁇ 0 mm.
  • an optical lenticular of parallel (plano-convex or aspherical) cylindrical lenses or of (plano-convex or aspheric) individual lenses in a linear or honeycomb arrangement can be provided with a large filling factor, wherein the image display device substantially in the vicinity but outside the object-side focal plane the lenticular grid is arranged.
  • the element pitch of the barrier in these embodiments corresponds to the lens pitch of the optical lenticular grid.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is a greater brightness of the novel 3D display compared to the barrier. Another advantage is the greater homogeneity of the brightness distribution in the image. Disadvantage over the design with barrier are the limited size of such 3D displays and the higher manufacturing costs of such lenticular.
  • Moire-Pitch M of an autostereoscopic arrangement as a function of the
  • FIG. 4a shows a partial representation of functionally essential variables of the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention
  • FIG. 4b shows further functionally essential variables of the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention
  • Fig.l Ob schematic representation of the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention in side view with the five depth graded image planes of Fig.10a
  • Fig.10c schematic representation of the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention in plan / front view of Fig.10a with schematically entered into the five image planes relations between the five Element Pitch B 1E and the two Element Pitch B 1E .
  • Fig.10d schematic representation of the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention in vertical view with an image plane with a large depth T and large
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention in top view / front view with the image plane A2 with the depth T 2 , which is arranged several times within the image plane A1 with the depth T 1.
  • FIG. 11b shows a schematic representation of the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention of FIG. 11a with a barrier having a partial surface without a barrier structure
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic representation of the monocular image formation by structuring the barrier
  • FIG. 13 shows a graphical representation of the function ETV (E-T) as a function of the viewing distance E for different depths T,
  • FIG. 14 a front view of a 3D digital clock
  • FIG. 14c shows an object structure on the screen of the 3D digital clock according to FIG. 14a with green numbers in a black environment
  • Fig. 14d Object structure on the screen of the 3D digital clock according to Fig. 14a with yellow numbers in a red environment
  • FIG. 14e shows an object structure on the screen of the 3D digital clock according to FIG. 14a with magenta-colored numerals in a blue environment
  • FIG. 15a shows a "diagonal-oblique" object structure on the screen of the 3D digital clock for the topmost / first partial image of FIG Hour digits according to Fig. 14a with green numbers
  • Fig.15b "diagonal-oblique" element structure of the barrier to Fig.15a
  • Fig. 16a Element structure of the barrier according to the object structure of Fig. 14c without
  • Fig. 16b Element structure of the barrier according to the object structure of Fig. 14c with a satisfied homogeneity condition
  • FIG. 17 shows an enlarged detail of the object structure for the arrowhead of group 1 according to FIG.
  • FIG. 17e Enlarged section of the object structure for the arrowhead of group 2 according to FIG. 17a, FIG.
  • 21 b shows an enlarged (horizontal) section through the 3D display
  • 22a shows a front view of the 3D display with five depth-graduated image planes, schematically
  • Fig.22b is a side view of the 3D display with five depth graduated image planes
  • Fig.22c is a front view of the 3D display with entered conditions for the depth graduation, schematically
  • 24a shows a front view of the 3D display with arbitrarily arranged depth-graduated image planes and a 2D image plane, schematically,
  • FIG. 25b shows a visible image corresponding to FIG. 25a, schematically
  • FIG. 25c shows the generation of a letter
  • FIG. 26 shows the luminance progression during continuous scanning, the course of brightness in the monocular image neglecting diffraction phenomena
  • FIG. 26 shows the luminance progression during continuous scanning, the course of brightness in the monocular image neglecting diffraction phenomena
  • FIG. 27 shows a front view with a depth-graded image plane of a different depth arranged several times within an image plane, schematically,
  • Fig.X2 horizontal section through the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention for explaining the lateral range of motion.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the barrier is placed in front of the LCD (case a) and case 1 is realized in which the object pitch m'B 1P is constant on the entire screen and the element pitch B 1E of the barrier of the element pitch in the state of FIG Technique deviates and different on partial surfaces is.
  • the geometrical accuracies required by the invention the structure of the photographic barrier (primarily the element pitch B 1E ) can be achieved.
  • the requirements known in the prior art to maintain the dimensional stability of the photographic films must be taken into account when the barrier is of the photographic type.
  • the maximum horizontal range of motion for one and the same pixel ⁇ x max 2094 mm.
  • there is almost no horizontal range of motion for the image plane with the depth T 5 389.6 mm, ⁇ x max ⁇ 0 mm.
  • FIG. 10a shows in plan view how the image planes with the five different depths T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 and T 5 can be arranged on the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention.
  • the image planes of the same depth T are arranged vertically one above the other, wherein their sequence may also be different than in FIG. 10a, for example T 3 , T 1 , T 4 , T 5 , T 2 from above or below.
  • the different height of the image planes is intended to illustrate diagrammatically the enlargement of the height, the width and the visual angle according to the invention for the partial images / images with increasing depth T or with reduction of (ET).
  • Such "false mergers” can be largely avoided after some practice.
  • they can be prevented by having image planes with depths T 2 ⁇ 0 not more than two images (J 2 ⁇ 2) and / or their image pitch Wi 2 is not an integer multiple of the image pitch W 11 and / or image portions in the image planes having the depths T 2 ⁇ 0 are avoided which have a picture-part pitch which is an integer multiple of the picture pitch W 11 .
  • partial images / images in image planes with the depths T 2 ⁇ 0 are designed in such a way that they do not produce false fusion stimuli or the regular fusion stimuli are stronger than false fusion stimuli.
  • Fig.10b the position of the five image planes in the space in front of and behind the autostereoscopic arrangement is shown schematically in a side view.
  • Fig. 10c the conditions for the respective five different element pitches B 1E1l B-
  • Bi E .s the elemental pitches of the filter array in the prior art are meant for the matched optimal viewing distance E ', the subsequent indices having the same meaning as in the case distinctions above.
  • Fig.lOd the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention in the view from above (or from the side) is shown. It is shown therein that in the case of very large "out-screening" T / E, the lateral movement range ⁇ x ( ⁇ y) is determined by the width (height) of the 2D screen.
  • autostereoscopic arrangements according to the invention which are dimensioned exclusively with respect to the horizontal motion parallax, the restriction only exists with respect to the horizontal movement range ⁇ x.
  • Such autostereoscopic arrangements according to the invention are advantageous in certain applications. For example, in applications with "walk-in customers", where people of different sizes stop at different viewing distances before the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention) or pass by it.
  • a concrete embodiment of an autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention in the form of a "3D digital clock" will be described below.
  • the 3D method according to the invention allows not only frontoparallel image planes with the depths T, but also one or more image planes, which are inclined, for example, about a horizontal axis.
  • Such an image plane offers the viewer a 3D impression with quasi-continuous variation of the depth T in the vertical direction.
  • this can be achieved in two ways.
  • the change / adjustment of the element pitch B 1E must be done in the current state of the art hardware.
  • a software-side change / adjustment of the element pitch Bi E of the barrier would be desirable, whereby the advantages of the 3D method according to the invention could be used even better.
  • the problem of software modification / adjustment of the element pitch B 1E of the barrier has not yet been solved.
  • the barrier according to FIG. 10c consists of more than five horizontal strips with, for example, top-to-bottom quasi-continuously growing element pitches BIE and correspondingly reduced heights of these strips. The barrier remains aligned parallel to the screen.
  • the element pitch B 1E of the barrier can also be made variable within the horizontal stripes. From, for example, a continuous variation of the element pitches B 1E1 , B 1E2
  • the barrier has only a single element pitch Bi E , for example the element pitch B 1E5 from FIG. 10c, so that in FIG. 10a a single image plane with the depth T 5 arises.
  • the element pitch B 1E5 of the barrier remains unchanged constant.
  • the barrier is tilted only about a horizontal axis lying in the barrier.
  • the second arrangement has the advantage that for tilted image planes no new barrier (with variable element pitch Bi E ) must be produced.
  • Bi E variable element pitch
  • the image plane "2D” is generated by the surface of the barrier assigned to it having no barrier structure (see Fig. 11b). According to the invention, this surface can have a homogeneous transparency, which essentially corresponds to the averaged transparency of the other surfaces of the barrier.
  • the object area on the screen associated with the image plane “2D” is further controlled differently than the object planes for the image planes A1 and B2, such as a 2D representation on a 2D screen in the prior art. Explanation of the control of the screen of the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention, see below.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • Embodiment 1 By combining Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, unlike the prior art, a large distance D can also be realized and accepted. Often, not everyone in the art can use the cheaper 2D screen for autostereoscopic arrangement according to his other parameters. Often, the necessary for a required adapted viewing distance E 'necessary distance D for design reasons can not be realized, it is often too large. Viewers are then too far outside the adjusted optimal viewing distance E 1 and in principle perceive a quality-impaired 3D impression.
  • an optical lenticular array of parallel, in particular plano-convex or aspheric cylindrical lenses or plano-convex or aspheric single lenses in a linear, honeycomb or other arrangement with a large filling factor can be provided, the effective structures of the screen being substantially close, but outside the object-side focal plane of the lens grid are arranged, wherein substantially an optical image of the object plane of the screen is in the plane of the viewer, so that the magnification magnification of each lens goes to infinity (the magnification magnification "exploded").
  • the element pitch of the barrier in these embodiments corresponds to the lens pitch of the optical lenticular grid.
  • the advantage of the lenticular grid is a greater brightness of the autostereoscopic arrangement in comparison to the barrier due to the luminance invariance in the optical imaging.
  • optical disturbances such as aberrations, which arise, for example, on the plane-parallel substrate of the lenticular grid and generally on such simple optical elements with a homogeneous optical refractive index and increase with the oblique viewing angle to the autostereoscopic arrangement or with its size.
  • the minimization of these optical disturbances further increases the cost of the lenticular grid.
  • Another disadvantage is the large "pixels" whose size corresponds to the size or diameter of the lenses.
  • Fig. 12a and Fig. 12b the monocular image formation on the screen is schematically shown.
  • the screen is for simplicity a TFT-LCD without color filter. Shown is a section of the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention with 7 subpixel lines.
  • 7 groups a), b), c), d), e), f), g) each have a subpixel row of the LCD, the element row of the barrier arranged in front of it and the row of monocular visible subpixels of the subpixel line.
  • White subpixels appear, for example, with maximum luminance (255 digits), black subpixels are switched off (0 digits).
  • the barrier is transparent on the white drawn rectangles, otherwise opaque.
  • the element pitches B 1E of the barrier are identical in all 7 groups, as well as the object pitch m'Bip.
  • the number n H B w g is in the range of 1, 6 to 1 1 and is at
  • the partial images of the autostereoscopic device according to the invention are each formed by a single visible subpixel According to formula (16d), the entire half-width HWB has ges at the very large viewing distances E the value HWB ges ⁇ 8.0 mm.
  • the ratios in the above-described 20-inch TFT-LCD autostereoscopic devices are different with respect to the number n H w Bges .
  • ET / (ET) 117.6 mm.
  • the device parameters give the factor 0.122 mm '1 , a value 10 times greater than before.
  • FIGS. 12a and 12b how the image formation is effected by different number of switched-on, brighter and switched-off, dark subpixels per object pitch m'B 1P .
  • the opaque dark areas existing horizontally between the bright, transparent elements of the barrier and having the width (B 1E - B O E) ⁇ 6 mm in the present example are not shown.
  • the viewer can not visually resolve the illuminated bright transparent elements of the barrier from the very large viewing distance E. It sees in the horizontal direction homogeneous bright areas of medium surface luminance, which are separated from dark areas of latitudes 13 mm (group a), 20 mm (group b), 27 mm (group c), 34 mm (group d).
  • the dark areas then only have a width of ⁇ approx. 0.6 mm.
  • Whether the structure of the partial images appears to be visually resolved from the usual viewing distances E depends on many influencing factors.
  • the modulation transfer function of the eye has a value of approx.
  • FIGS. 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d show an example of an autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention in the "standard mode" with monochrome (green) partial images / images in the image plane with the depth T> 0.
  • B 1P 3C of the TFT-LCD 2D screen
  • the image pitch W 1 increases with the number m '.
  • the field pitch wi remains constant according to the formulas (14).
  • the barrier has a linear-vertical stripe structure, that is, transparent element strips or columns of width B 0E or Bo E , ho m. and between them opaque strips of the width (Bi E - B O E) and (B-
  • the image is generated by software by structuring the object plane or the screen, as shown schematically in Figure 12a and Fig. 12b has been shown.
  • Fig.12c this solution is shown in continuation of Fig.12a.
  • the bright, switched-on subpixels of the screen, which are visible from the very large viewing distance E are marked as white rectangles with black frames as in FIG. 12a.
  • the same partial images / images in the groups f) and h), e) and i), d) and j), c) and k), b) and I) of FIGS. 12a and 12c can be seen.
  • the combination of both methods is part of the invention.
  • Embodiment 5 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 5:
  • a concrete exemplary embodiment of the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention is described in detail below. It is a "3D-Digitaiuhr" with, for example, green numbers on a dark, black background, where the numbers in an image plane in front of the screen at a depth T> 0 should appear. Since this digital clock is to be perceived by people of different sizes and at different distances, for example in a ticket hall of a railway station or a bank, but always with an essentially normal vertical head posture, the autostereoscopic arrangement is only equipped with horizontal parallax.
  • Fig. 14a shows the digital clock schematically.
  • the images are composed in the form of numbers from partial images.
  • the time is 04:37.
  • the hours and minutes are displayed in two digits, the hours above, the minutes below. In between, a horizontal colon of two fields flashes every second.
  • the numbers themselves are formed analogously to the seven-segment digit display of the prior art, wherein the segments themselves can consist of up to three partial images.
  • each number can be generated from horizontally up to 3 adjacent bright green fields and separated by a dark, black field (Fig.14a).
  • the maximum "out-sccreening" T / E m ⁇ n 50%.
  • E mi ⁇ 1 m that is possible in a switch room , so that the observer's convergence ability is not overtaxed.
  • T> can be increased, depending on the convergence ability of the viewer on an "out-screening" T max / E m i n > 50%.
  • the "square condition" for square partial images according to the formulas (22) can not be automatically maintained for every viewing distance E with exclusively horizontal motion parallax. It is necessary to select a viewing distance E in the intended distance range.
  • a viewing distance E should be defined with a valid "square condition" in which the magnitudes of the maximum deviations of the perceived height H E- ⁇ from the perceived width B ET for the minimum and maximum viewing distances E m
  • the perceived height of the partial images H ET 15.20 mm and thus by a maximum of 3.60 mm greater than the perceived width B ET . The detection reliability of the 3D time is not affected.
  • the remaining 255 pixel lines form the upper and lower dark black borders on the LCD.
  • the number of perspective views of this 3D digital clock is at least an order of magnitude greater than in the prior art.
  • the barrier for this embodiment has in the simplest case a linear-vertical structure with transparent strips of width B 0E, ho m and opaque strips of width (B 1E - BoE h om) - Such structures are particularly easy to manufacture.
  • the object structure of the numerical display on the LCD must be mirrored horizontally relative to the representation in FIG.
  • the first 24 sub-pixel columns of the LCD already contain all the information necessary to display the time.
  • Suboixel. which are filled in with the number "0" because of a high-contrast and therefore easily readable clock, preferably with 0 digits driven (black, switched-off subpixels).
  • Subpixei, which are filled with the number "1" are controlled with 0 ⁇ digit ⁇ 255, preferably with 255 digits.
  • the remaining pixel lines are black, which corresponds to the numbers " 0 ".
  • the software for structuring the LCD screen is inventively much easier and faster than in the prior art.
  • the "clock information" on the LCD can be limited to a horizontal range smaller than that Width B B w of the LCD.
  • the remaining 2993 subpixel columns to the left and right have only black, off subpixels.
  • a digital clock with red or blue time against a black background can be realized, as well as green minutes and hours
  • the minutes, hours and / or the colon may be switched on and off every second, and this may also be done with a time shift of, for example, half a second.
  • FIG. 14d shows, for example, the object structure for yellow time in a red environment.
  • all the R subpixels in the eight red subpixel Columns of the 24 subpixel columns are given the information "1.”
  • R subpixels filled with the number "1" are driven with 0 ⁇ digit ⁇ 255, preferably with 255 digit for substantially "pure" yellow.
  • FIG. 14e shows the object structure for magenta color time in a blue environment.
  • the arrangement of the subpixel columns for the environment to the left of the subpixel columns for the time not only applies to image planes having the depth T> 0, but also to a "3D digital clock" with time in an image plane in the depth T ⁇ 0.
  • a "3D digital clock" with a cyan color time in a green environment can also be realized.
  • any type of sub-pixel or pixel-by-pixel controllable screens can be used in the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention. It can be transparent, passive screens with homogeneous backlight or side- act light illumination, such as TFT-LCD, or even active, self-luminous image display devices, such as PDP or LED-based systems.
  • Part of the object level can be free of "light elements", creates a particularly simple and thus inexpensive autostereoscopic arrangement.
  • the desired object structure in its geometry / shape can be generated by a single "light source”.
  • Embodiment 6 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 6
  • the "3D digital clock" with green digits described in the exemplary embodiment 5 can also be generated by a modified object structure of the TFT LCD and a modified element structure of the barrier.
  • a "diagonal" object structure for the TFT-LCD is shown. Without restricting the generality and for clear presentation of the object structure for the numeric display only a part is shown, here the 24 pixel lines that belong to the uppermost part of the hour digits "04". For a better overview, the numbers "0" are not entered for black, switched-off subpixels
  • the same green numerical display is generated in the image plane with the depth T as in the exemplary embodiment 5.
  • the transparent elements which are marked black in Fig.15b, are successively shifted from element line to element line by the value BIE / W also to the left.
  • the autostereoscopic arrangement according to embodiment 6 is preferably used with substantially unchanged positions of the observer with respect to a vertical plane, otherwise with larger viewing distances E and / or smaller depths T.
  • the "special feature" can also be used to attract the attention of the viewer, for example for the perceptible 3D image to increase.
  • Embodiment 7 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 7:
  • tri-color partial images could be arranged like the green partial images in Embodiment 5 to obtain a tri-color "3D digital clock".
  • the object plane of the LCD screen is structured analogously to FIG. 14c, but in addition to the number "1" for green subpixels, the red and blue subpixels adjacent to the left and right also each receive the number "1".
  • the image plane with the depth T> O is a multicolored partial image of the colors blue, cyan, white, yellow, red and in the image plane with the depth T ⁇ 0 a partial image of the colors red, yellow white, cyan, blue, in each case from left to right.
  • the new 3D method can produce images in depth T image planes consisting of R, G, or B monochromatic subframes, these monochromatic subframes consisting of a few R, G, or B subpixels in the limiting case, only a single one of these subpixels.
  • Embodiment 8 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 8
  • each subpixel in every eighth green subpixel column is assigned the information "1", i. each of these green subpixels is driven with 0 ⁇ digit ⁇ 255 (green, linear-vertical subpixel columns analogous to the linear-vertical stripe or element structure of the barrier). All green subpixels in the remaining green subpixels and all red and blue subpixels receive the information "0", d. H. they are controlled with 0 digit, so are black, off.
  • This object structure enables a particularly simple and fast software control of the LCD screen.
  • the barrier in embodiment 8 acquires a structure that is analogous to the object structure on the LCD screen of exemplary embodiment 5. If one understands the barrier analogous to the LCD screen of individual, arranged in columns and rows, constructed transparent elements that correspond in shape and substantially in size to the vertical-rectangular sub-pixels of the LCD screen, creates a barrier with the structure according to 16a, wherein an element width B 0E of the barrier was taken as the basis, which does not satisfy the homogeneity condition.
  • Inventive barriers with object structure as in Embodiment 8 can be generated both in terms of hardware and software.
  • hardware-based barriers can be produced photographically on laser plotters.
  • Software barriers may be, for example, transparent TFT LCD without color filters, but better still other subpixel or pixel drive systems with lower optical transmission losses.
  • Such software barriers have the advantage of unrestricted free field and image design over hardware barriers.
  • the geometric shape of the elements of the barrier deviates from the geometric vertical-rectangular or square shape of the subpixels or pixels of the screen. This is advantageous in image display devices with full-color pixels, in image display devices with RGB subpixel structure or in LCD and monochrome partial images / images.
  • the transparent elements of the barrier may have a curved geometric shape or consist of both rectangular and / or square, as well as curved shapes.
  • triangular, convex-quadrangular (rhomboid, diamond-shaped, trapezoidal, dragon-shaped) and concave-quadrangular forms of the transparent barrier elements are possible.
  • the width of the partial images / images in the image plane varies with the depth T according to formula (16d) and (16e) corresponding to the respective width ⁇ B O E of the transparent barrier element.
  • transparent elements in preferably adjacent element lines of the barrier receive an offset in the row direction by a value ⁇ ⁇ x, where 0 ⁇ absolute amount [ ⁇ x] ⁇ B 1E / m ', preferably ⁇ Bi E / 3m'.
  • embodiment 8 also shows that the SD method according to the invention is by no means restricted to screens with a rectangular or square shape of their sub-pixels, pixels or light-emitting elements.
  • the 3D method according to the invention also relates to "chevron-shaped" luminous elements of the prior art.
  • Embodiment 9 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 9:
  • the "3D digital clock" on the wall of a ticket hall or bank has a disadvantage, which, however, hardly matters in this application: with increasing inclination of the head about an axis in the direction of view and with increasing "out-screening" T max / E m i n, is increasingly more difficult to fusion of the stereoptician views for single image.
  • the cause is the exclusively horizontal motion parallax in the above examples.
  • the 3D information should be able to perceive 3D information in two teams grouped in a game casino around a lying, octagonal game machine. For example, let the 3D information be a green arrow pointing to the player of each group who has won.
  • FIG. 17 a shows two simplified, stylized arrowheads with the directions 0 ° and 45 °, each of which belongs to a team. It is assumed that the four players of both teams sit alternately around the lying arranged autostereoscopic arrangement.
  • the team 1 arrowheads can assume the azimuthal angles 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 °, the crew 2 arrowheads the angles 45 °, 135 °, 225 ° and 315 °.
  • the arrowheads each consist of three square Teiimulmuln.
  • the TFT-LCD should have a wide viewing angle range, as is the case in the prior art.
  • the horizontal and vertical element pitch of the barrier Bi E arranged above the LCD is 1.176 mm.
  • the eight players can be in very different viewing planes, for example in planes with the distances E ⁇ 500 mm.
  • the table in FIG. 17b contains the most important data of the "3D gaming machine" according to the invention.
  • FIG. 17c shows an enlarged section of the element structure of the barrier.
  • Figures 17d and 17e contain the enlarged sections of the object structures for the arrowhead 0 ° of the crew 1 and for the arrowhead 45 ° of the crew 2.
  • the object structures for the other three azimuthal angles of the arrowheads are easily deduced therefrom , where T> 0 must be mirrored horizontally and vertically.
  • the vertical rectangular subpithels are shown as squares only. Empty, numberless subpixels are again addressed with 0 digits, subpixels with the information "1" with 0 ⁇ digits ⁇ 255, preferably with 255 digits.
  • the "3D game machine” provides each of the eight players from any individual location of the head in space a completely natural spatial visual impression with in the room seemingly far above the screen floating image information, a visual impression that never disappears and in its spatial Depth remains stable, with natural and continuous motion parallax in all directions, natural proportions and maximum detection reliability.
  • the detection reliability for the 3D image - compared to autostereoscopic arrangements according to the invention with exclusively horizontal motion parallax or to autostereoscopic arrangements of the prior art - on 100% is increased.
  • the described 3D game machine can be designed only for four players, such as the players of the team 1.
  • the spatial image information can also be extended. For example, each won or lost "points" may be displayed to each player as a number of square or rectangular "chips" hovering in space.
  • the barrier according to FIG. 17c can have surfaces with unequal element structure for this purpose.
  • the element structure of the barrier of Fig. 17c may be limited to a smaller area than the area of the screen, the barrier being black-opaque in the remaining areas.
  • the smaller area may be square and located in the center of the screen. Their dimensions can be substantially 2 x O 11 .
  • the relative azimuthal orientation between the macroscopic and microscopic element structure of the barrier and the macroscopic and microscopic subpixel or pixel structure of the screen can deviate from the parallelism within a certain azimuthal angle range, whereby according to the invention Moire be used.
  • the image rotation in image planes with depths T> 0 is greater than the opposite image rotation in image planes with the depth T ⁇ 0.
  • the image sharpness at the formerly vertical image edges is greater in tilted images.
  • the image rotation remains substantially unchanged as the viewing distance E is reduced.
  • the horizontal motion parallax remains with tilted images.
  • the desired skew or tilt of images at substantially unchanged depth T can be readily adjusted by mechanical twisting of the barrier and just as easily changed without the need for a new barrier having a "slanted" feature structure.
  • Embodiment 10 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 10:
  • the entire image rotates at T> 0 in the direction of rotation and at T ⁇ 0 counter to the direction of rotation, the depth T, for example, of image planes with the depth T> 0 is continuously reduced.
  • the partial images / images are continuously smaller on all sides, which is why the square shape of partial images is retained. If the viewing distance E is reduced, the partial image / image at T> 0 continues to rotate in the direction of rotation of the barrier and at T ⁇ 0 further counter to the direction of rotation of the barrier.
  • the direction of the formerly horizontal and vertical motion parallax is twisted relative to the horizontal and vertical head movement of the observer, as well as the subimage / image itself.
  • Embodiment 11 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 11:
  • the larger parameter m 1 allows greater design variety, for example, the additional representation of lowercase letters.
  • different objects for example different letters / different groups of letters or text
  • different objects are arranged vertically and / or diagonally on the screen, with a diagonal arrangement the number of different images in image planes with the depths T is not greater than the parameter j according to formula (23a ) or formula (23d).
  • a horizontal arrangement of different objects on the screen is possible in such applications, where it does not depend on a large range of motion of the viewer.
  • O y ⁇ B B w or Oy B B w By realizing O y ⁇ B B w or Oy B B w, j different objects can be perceived side by side in image planes having the depth T, the range of motion being determined by the quantity i.
  • FIG. 20 shows a selection of possible further images of the autostereoscopic arrangement according to the invention.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un système de reproduction d'images autostéréoscopique à plusieurs matrices, des directions de propagation définies étant prévues pour la lumière émanant d'une de ces matrices ou traversant une matrice depuis une source lumineuse et dirigée vers une matrice d'éléments transparents. Ladite invention concerne un procédé et un système, selon lesquels, avec les positions des éléments sur la première matrice, les positions des éléments sur la seconde matrice et la distance entre ces deux matrices, des directions de propagation sont prévues, lesquelles directions se coupent dans un plan d'image situé devant ou derrière les deux matrices ou dans plusieurs plans d'image situés devant et/ou derrière les deux matrices, et des images sont ainsi produites dans ces plans d'image, lesquelles images sont perçues autostéréoscopiquement par un observateur se trouvant en dehors de ces plans d'image, le regard tourné vers les deux matrices placées l'une derrière l'autre.
PCT/EP2006/002115 2005-03-09 2006-03-08 Procede d'observation autostereoscopique d'images et systeme autostereoscopique Ceased WO2006094780A2 (fr)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8531455B2 (en) 2009-11-12 2013-09-10 Netplus Co., Ltd. Parallax barrier filter
CN113556529A (zh) * 2021-07-30 2021-10-26 中山大学 一种高分辨率光场图像显示方法、装置、设备和介质
CN113642448A (zh) * 2021-08-09 2021-11-12 中国人民解放军海军航空大学航空作战勤务学院 一种空中平台对海/地面机动目标的图像识别方法和装置

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DE102008015312A1 (de) 2008-03-20 2009-10-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Displaysystem zur Wiedergabe medizinischer Hologramme
NL2022313B1 (en) * 2018-12-24 2020-07-21 Zhangjiagang Kangde Xin Optronics Mat Co Ltd Autostereoscopic display

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EP0871917A4 (fr) * 1995-06-07 1999-11-24 Jacob N Wohlstadter Systeme d'imagerie en trois dimensions
JP3452472B2 (ja) * 1996-09-12 2003-09-29 シャープ株式会社 パララックスバリヤおよびディスプレイ
WO2001044858A2 (fr) * 1999-12-16 2001-06-21 Reveo, Inc. Dispositif d'affichage volumetrique tridimensionnel

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8531455B2 (en) 2009-11-12 2013-09-10 Netplus Co., Ltd. Parallax barrier filter
CN113556529A (zh) * 2021-07-30 2021-10-26 中山大学 一种高分辨率光场图像显示方法、装置、设备和介质
CN113642448A (zh) * 2021-08-09 2021-11-12 中国人民解放军海军航空大学航空作战勤务学院 一种空中平台对海/地面机动目标的图像识别方法和装置
CN113642448B (zh) * 2021-08-09 2024-01-26 中国人民解放军海军航空大学航空作战勤务学院 一种空中平台对海/地面机动目标的图像识别方法和装置

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