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WO2006090356A1 - Dispositif d'appoint d'imagerie laser commande par porte a associer a un ensemble optique - Google Patents

Dispositif d'appoint d'imagerie laser commande par porte a associer a un ensemble optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006090356A1
WO2006090356A1 PCT/IL2005/001257 IL2005001257W WO2006090356A1 WO 2006090356 A1 WO2006090356 A1 WO 2006090356A1 IL 2005001257 W IL2005001257 W IL 2005001257W WO 2006090356 A1 WO2006090356 A1 WO 2006090356A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
target
gated
optical assembly
controller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IL2005/001257
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English (en)
Inventor
Eyal Zohar
Ofer David
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Elbit Systems Ltd
Original Assignee
Elbit Systems Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elbit Systems Ltd filed Critical Elbit Systems Ltd
Publication of WO2006090356A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006090356A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
    • G02B23/12—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices with means for image conversion or intensification
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
    • G01S17/10—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
    • G01S17/18—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves wherein range gates are used
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging

Definitions

  • the disclosed technique relates to optical observation systems in general, and to a method and system for imaging using the principle of gated imaging, in particular.
  • the auxiliary light source may be a laser device capable of producing a light beam that is parallel to the line-of-sight (LOS) of the camera, and that illuminates the field-of-view (FOV) of the camera or a part thereof.
  • Television systems utilize such illumination for adequate imaging.
  • the active mode of operation can include a radar detection system operating in the infrared (IR) region. Operation in the passive mode are also known in the art (i.e., gated intensification of the ambient light). In the passive mode either a charge-coupled device (CCD) or a forward looking infrared radiometer (FLIR) is utilized.
  • CCD charge-coupled device
  • FLIR forward looking infrared radiometer
  • Particles or substances in the atmosphere may be associated with certain weather conditions, for example haze resulting from aerosols in the air. These atmospheric substances may obstruct the area between the observation system and the target to be observed. A similar situation may result when the observation system operates in other media, such as underwater, due to the influence of scattering in the water or the air above.
  • the interference of substances in the medium between the system and the target can cause backscatter of the laser beam.
  • the backscatter of the laser beam results in "self-blinding" of the camera, which reduces the contrast of the target relative to the background.
  • the imaging sensor may be synchronized with respect to the time that the reflected energy from the laser illuminated target is due to be received in the optical assembly of the photodetector.
  • a laser generates short light pulses at a certain frequency.
  • the imaging sensor is activated at the same frequency, but with a time delay that is related to the frequency.
  • the receiving assembly of the imaging sensor is deactivated.
  • the laser beam impinges the target, and illuminates the target and the surrounding area. A small part of the laser light is reflected back toward the camera, which is activated as this reflected light reaches the camera.
  • Laser light which reflects off of atmospheric substances relatively close to the camera will reach the receiving assembly of the camera while the camera is still deactivated. Therefore, this light will not be received by the camera and will not affect the contrast of the image.
  • reflex light from the target and its nearby surroundings will reach the camera after the camera has been switched to the "on" state, and so light from the target will be fully collected by the camera.
  • the camera switches from the "off” state to the "on” state in a synchronized manner with the time required for the pulse to travel to the target and return. After the light reflected from the target has been received and stored, the camera reverts to the "off” state, and the system awaits transmission of the following laser pulse. This cycle is repeated at a rate established in accordance with the range from the camera to the target, the speed of light, and the inherent limitations of the laser device and the camera. This technique is known as gated imaging to minimize back-scatter.
  • US Patent 5,408,541 issued to Sewell and entitled “Method and System for Recognizing Targets at Long Ranges”, is directed to a method and system for recognizing targets at ranges near or equal to ranges at which they are initially detected.
  • a detect sensor such as a radar system or thermal imaging sensor, detects a target relative to a sensor platform.
  • the detect sensor determines a set of range parameters, such as target coordinates from the sensor platform to the target.
  • the detect sensor transfers the set of range parameters to a laser-aided image recognition sensor (LAIRS).
  • LAIRS uses the set of range parameters to orient the system to the angular location of the target.
  • a laser source illuminates the area associated with the range parameters with an imaging laser pulse to generate reflected energy from the target.
  • a gated television sensor receives the reflected energy from the illuminated target, and highly magnifies and images the reflected energy. The image is then recognized by either using an automatic target recognition system, displaying the image for operator recognition, or both.
  • Sewell requires preliminary range measurement.
  • the laser source directs a low power measurement laser pulse toward the target to measure the range between the system and the target.
  • the range sets a gating signal for the gated television sensor.
  • the gated television sensor is gated to turn on only when energy is reflected from the target.
  • the measuring line to the target of the laser ranger must be parallel, in a very accurate manner, to the LOS of the observation system.
  • Light intensifiers are also known in the art. US Patent No.
  • the image intensifier includes a photo-cathode, an electron bombarded device (EBD), and a sensor.
  • the photo-cathode receives light beams from an object.
  • the EBD is located between the photo-cathode and the sensor.
  • the photo-cathode includes a first input surface and an output surface.
  • the EBD includes a doped semiconductor structure, and a blocking structure.
  • the doped semiconductor structure includes a second input surface and an emission surface opposite the second input surface. A first doped region is in contact with the second input surface and a second doped region is in contact with emission surface.
  • the output surface is activated to a negative electron affinity state. Emission areas of the emission surface are activated to a negative electron affinity state.
  • the first doped region inhibits recombination of electrons at the second input surface, by increasing the number of electrons at the second input surface.
  • the second doped region directs the increased number of electrons toward the emission areas.
  • the photo-cathode converts the photons of an image of an object into free electrons
  • the EBD increases the number of free electrons
  • the sensor senses the increased number of free electrons
  • the display displays the intensified image of the object.
  • a system for producing a target image of a target according to target light beams received from the target through an optical assembly, the system being optically coupled with the optical assembly.
  • the system includes an adapter for mechanically and optically coupling the system with an eyepiece of the optical assembly, and a first laser source for illuminating the target by laser pulses.
  • the system further includes a gated light intensifier optically coupled with the optical assembly by the adapter, a controller electrically coupled with the first laser source and with the gated light intensifier, and a relay lens assembly located between the adapter and the gated light intensifier.
  • the controller controls the pulsed operation of the first laser source, and enables the gated light intensifier to intensify substantially exclusively, reflections of the laser pulses from the target, which correspond to a range between a front portion and a rear portion of the target, about the location of the target relative to the system.
  • the relay lens assembly projects the target image on the gated light intensifier.
  • a system for producing a target image of a target according to target light beams received from the target.
  • the system is optically coupled with an optical assembly.
  • the system is located between the target and the optical assembly, in close proximity to the optical assembly.
  • the system includes a first laser source for illuminating the target by laser pulses, a gated light intensifier optically coupled with the optical assembly, a controller electrically coupled with the first laser source and with the gated light intensifier, and a relay lens assembly located between the gated light intensifier and the optical assembly.
  • the controller controls the pulsed operation of the first laser source, and enables the gated light intensifier to intensify substantially exclusively, reflections of the laser pulses from the target, which correspond to a range between a front portion and a rear portion of the target, about the location of the target relative to the system.
  • the relay lens assembly projects the intensified target image on the optical assembly.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a gated light intensifying module, constructed and operative according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique
  • Figure 2A is an elaborated schematic illustration of the gated light intensifying module of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 2B is a schematic illustration of a system mounted on a rifle, for producing an intensified image of an object, constructed and operative according to another embodiment of the disclosed technique;
  • FIG 3 is an elaborated schematic illustration of a gated light intensifying module similar to the gated light intensifying module of Figure 1 , and constructed and operative according to a further embodiment of the disclosed technique;
  • Figure 4 is a graph depicting gated imaging as a function of time
  • Figure 5 is a typical sensitivity graph depicting sensitivity of the gated light intensifier of Figure 2A, as a function of the range between the gated light intensifier and a target area;
  • Figure 6 is a graph depicting timing adjustment relating to the pulse width of a laser beam
  • Figure 7 is a graph depicting the observation capability of the gated light intensifying module of Figure 2A, with the timing technique depicted in Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a graph depicting a specific instant in time in relation to the scenario depicted in Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a graph depicting a specific instant in time after than the instant depicted in Figure 8;
  • Figure 10 is a sensitivity graph in accordance with the timing technique depicted in Figure 6;
  • Figure 11 is a sensitivity graph in accordance with the Long Pulse Gated Imaging (LPGI) timing technique
  • Figure 12 is a schematic illustration of a gated light intensifying module, constructed and operative according to another embodiment of the disclosed technique.
  • LPGI Long Pulse Gated Imaging
  • Figure 13 is a schematic illustration of a system mounted on a rifle, for producing an intensified image of an object, constructed and operative according to a further embodiment of the disclosed technique.
  • the disclosed technique overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a gated light intensifying module, which can be assembled on an existing optical assembly (e.g., a telescope of a rifle), as an add-on component, and without requiring modifications to the optical assembly or the rifle.
  • a gating controller operates a laser source to emit a beam of light toward a target, over a predetermined illumination period of time, and then the gating controller operates a gated light intensifier to intensify light which is reflected from the target and received in a predetermined intensification time period.
  • Both the illumination time period and the intensification time period are determined according to the distances between the gating controller, the laser source (e.g., if both these units are not located at the same place) and the targeting range (i.e., the range in which targets are sought for).
  • the disclosed technique is described herein with reference to laser light pulses, however any suitable pulsed emission of electromagnetic radiation may be applied, including light in the visible and non-visible spectrum, X-ray, ultraviolet (UV), near and far infrared (IR), radar, microwave, radio frequency (RF) and the like, all with respect to the sensitivity of the gated light (i.e., electromagnetic radiation) intensifier employed.
  • other pulse sources of energy may be applied, including acoustic waves, ultrasound, and various particles (other than photons) emission, and the like.
  • the disclosed technique provides for manipulation of the sensitivity or image gain as a function of field depth, by changing the width of the transmitted laser pulses, changing the state of the gated light intensifier in a manner related to the distance to the target, synchronization of the gated light intensifier to the pulse timing, and other factors.
  • the disclosed technique allows for dynamic imaging or other information gathering in real-time.
  • the system provides detection and identification of potential military targets in combat situations.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a gated light intensifying module, generally referenced 100, constructed and operative according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique.
  • Figure 2A is an elaborated schematic illustration of the gated light intensifying module of Figure 1.
  • Figure 2B is a schematic illustration of a system mounted on a rifle, generally referenced 228, for producing an intensified image of an object, constructed and operative according to another embodiment of the disclosed technique.
  • Figure 3 is an elaborated schematic illustration of a gated light intensifying module similar to the gated light intensifying module of Figure 1 , generally referenced 112, and constructed and operative according to a further embodiment of the disclosed technique.
  • gated light intensifying module 100 includes a laser source 102 and a gated light intensifier 104.
  • Laser source 102 generates a laser beam 106 in form of pulses.
  • Laser source 102 conveys laser beam 106 toward a target 108.
  • Laser beam 106 illuminates target 108.
  • gated light intensifying module 100 includes a relay lens assembly 118, a gated light intensifier 122, a viewing device 124, a user interface 126, a power source 128, a controller 132, a symbol injection unit 134, laser sources 136 and 138, a light detector 142, a reflector 144, beam combiner 146, beam splitter 148, collimators 186 and 188, and a band-pass filter 238.
  • Gated light intensifying module 100 is assembled on an optical assembly 156 (e.g., an aiming scope) of a device (e.g., a rifle - not shown), by an adapter 116.
  • Adapter 116 serves to mechanically and optically couple gated light intensifying module 100, with an eyepiece (not shown) of optical assembly 156, and mechanically with the rifle. Adapter 116 further serves to optically couple gated light intensifier 122 with optical assembly 156.
  • Power source 128 provides electric power to gated light intensifier 122, controller 132, and to laser sources 136 and 138.
  • Beam combiner 146 is located between target 108 and optical assembly 156.
  • Adapter 116 is located between optical assembly 156 and relay lens assembly 118.
  • band-pass filter 238 is located in front of gated light intensifier 122. In the example set forth in Figure 2A, band-pass filter 238 is located between relay lens assembly 118 and gated light intensifier 122.
  • Gated light intensifier 122 is located between band-pass filter 238 and viewing device 124.
  • Target 108, beam combiner 146, optical assembly 156, adapter 116, relay lens assembly 118, band-pass filter 238, gated light intensifier 122, and viewing device 124 are optically coupled together.
  • Symbol injection unit 134 is optically coupled with optical assembly 156 through reflector 144 and beam combiner 146.
  • Controller 132 is electrically coupled with gated light intensifier 122, user interface 126, symbol injection unit 134, laser sources 136 and 138, and with light detector 142. All components of gated light intensifying module 100 are packed together in an enclosure (not shown).
  • gated light intensifying module 100 such as relay lens assembly 118, band-pass filter 238, gated light intensifier 122, viewing device 124, symbol injection unit 134, laser sources 136 and 138, light detector 142, reflector 144, beam combiner 146, beam splitter 148, and collimators 186 and 188 are packed in a first enclosure attached to optical assembly 156 on the top of the rifle, by adapter 116.
  • the electronic components of gated light intensifying module 100 such as power source 128 and controller 132 are packed in a second enclosure attached to the rifle below optical assembly 156.
  • Band-pass filter 238 admits light within the range of wavelengths of laser source 136, while blocking light within substantially all other wavelengths. In this manner, band-pass filter 238 prevents blooming in the intensified image (i.e., intensified target image) of target 108, as viewed by a user (not shown).
  • Band-pass filter 238 is a module which can be detached from gated light intensifying module 100, by the user, and replaced when needed. For example, if the user uses gated light intensifying module 100 in a substantially bright environment, then the user can leave band-pass filter 238 in place, in order to prevent blooming in the intensified image of target 136, or by other light sources in the environment, such as street lights or headlights of approaching vehicles.
  • band-pass filter 238 can be switchable, electronically turned on and off by controller 132.
  • Controller 132 determines whether to enable or disable band-pass filter 238, according to an output of a light detector (not shown) coupled with the controller.
  • Controller 132 determines whether to enable or disable laser source 136 according to the output of the light detector (e.g., the controller disables laser source 136, when the light detector detects a substantially high intensity ambient light). This is provided in order to prevent damage to gated light intensifier 122.
  • band-pass filter 238 can be an integral part of gated light intensifier 122.
  • Optical assembly 156 receives incoming light and modifies the incoming light, for example by magnifying an image (not shown) of a distant target 108.
  • the optical assembly On a rifle which includes only the optical assembly (i.e., without the gated light intensifying module), the optical assembly is constructed to project the image of the target, at a focal point suitable to be viewed by an eye of the user.
  • gated light intensifying module 100 In order to operate gated light intensifying module 100 as an add-on device, it is necessary to move the focal point (not shown) of the image produced by optical assembly 156, to an object plane (not shown) of gated light intensifier 122.
  • Relay lens assembly 118 includes a plurality of optical components, in order to project the image produced by optical assembly 156, on gated light intensifier 122.
  • Gated light intensifier 122 converts the light beams received from relay lens assembly 118, to electrons and projects these electrons onto a fluorescent screen (not shown). The electrons excite a fluorescent substance of the fluorescent screen, forming an intensified image (not shown), representing target 108.
  • One or more eyes 158 of a user observes the intensified image through viewing device 124.
  • Viewing device 124 is a single eyepiece which provides the intensified image to only one of the eyes 158. Alternatively, viewing device 124 is a pair of binoculars which provides the intensified image to both eyes 158.
  • viewing device 124 is a charge-coupled device (CCD).
  • Light detector 142 is a device which produces an electric output, according to the flux of photons entering light detector 142. The electric output is proportional to the flux of the photons.
  • Light detector 142 can be an avalanche photo diode (APD), and the like.
  • Controller 132 controls laser source 136 to emit a light beam
  • Gated light intensifier 122 receives a light beam 164B as a reflection of light beam 164A from target 108. Controller 132 further controls gated light intensifier 122 to intensify light beam 164B, over an intensification time period.
  • the user can control the operation of each of laser sources 136 and 138, to emit laser pulses 164A and 168A, respectively, at a selected power level, via user interface 126.
  • the user can for example, lower the power level of each of laser pulses 164A and 168A, in order to zoom-in on a distant target. This provision reduces the probability of being detected by a rival.
  • the user can also reduce the beamwidth of each of laser pulses 164A and 168A, thereby making possible to view a substantially distant target, while consuming substantially the same electric power as in the case of a substantially close target.
  • Relay lens assembly 118 projects light beam 164B on gated light intensifier 122.
  • Gated light intensifier 122 is operative to intensify light beam 164B, only at selected intensification time periods.
  • Controller 132 can control the electronic operation of gated light intensifier 122, by enabling or disabling electron excitation within gated light intensifier 122.
  • gated light intensifying module 100 includes a gated light valve (not shown) located in front of the gated light intensifier.
  • the controller controls the activation of the gated light valve, instead of electronically controlling the operation of the gated light intensifier.
  • the controller controls the operation of the gated light valve, thereby admitting or blocking the light beam which travels toward the gated light intensifier.
  • Gated light intensifier 122 may be in one of two states. During the "on” state, gated light intensifier 122 receives incoming light, whereas during the "off” state gated light intensifier 122 does not receive incoming light. In particular, gated light intensifier 122 is open during the "on” state and closed during the "off” state.
  • the term “activated” is used herein to refer to gated light intensifier 122 being in the "on” state, whereas the term “deactivated” is used herein to refer to gated light intensifier 122 being in the "off” state.
  • Gated light intensifier 122 can be operative within a predetermined range of wavelengths, for example, at wavelengths between 400 nm and 950 nm (i.e., near infra red).
  • optical assembly 156 provides an already aligned image at the entrance of gated light intensifying module 100, which in turn, intensifies that image for the user. Accordingly, a preliminary alignment of optical assembly 156 with a rifle (i.e., bore-sighting) is sufficient, and therefore no re-alignment is necessary when gated light intensifying module 100 is assembled onto optical assembly 156.
  • system 228 includes a gated light intensifying module 230, an adapter 232, an optical assembly 234 and a light collecting optical assembly 236.
  • Adapter 232 is coupled with gated light intensifying module 230 and with optical assembly 234.
  • Light 5 collecting optical assembly 236 is mounted in front of optical assembly 234, as an add-on device.
  • Gated light intensifying module 230, adapter 232 and optical assembly 234 are similar to gated light intensifying module 100 ( Figure 2A), adapter 116 and optical assembly 156, respectively, as described herein above.
  • o Light collecting optical assembly 236 has an objective with a diameter greater than the diameter of the objective of optical assembly 234 and an ocular having a diameter similar to that of the objective of optical assembly 234. Accordingly, light collecting optical assembly 236 collects more light than optical assembly 234 and directs it to optical 5 assembly 234, thereby decreasing the effective aperture number of optical assembly 234 and increasing signal-to-noise ratio of the image at the exit of optical assembly 234.
  • Atmospheric substances such as humidity, haze, fog, mist, smoke, rain, airborne particles, and the like, represented by a zone 114 o ( Figure 1), exist in the surrounding area of gated light intensifying module 100.
  • Backscatter from the area in the immediate proximity to gated light intensifying module 100 has a more significant influence than backscatter from a further distanced area due to obvious geometrical relations.
  • an interfering particle relatively close to gated light intensifying 5 module 100 will reflect back a larger portion of laser beam 106 than a similar particle located relatively further away from gated light intensifying module 100.
  • the area proximate to gated light intensifying module 100 from which avoidance of backscattering is desirable can be 0 defined with an approximate range "R min ".
  • Target 108 is not expected to be located within range R m j n and therefore the removal of the influences of atmospheric or other interfering substances in this range from the captured image is desirable.
  • Such atmospheric substances can also be present beyond R min , but their removal is both problematic and of less significance. These atmospheric substances interfere with laser beam 106 on its way to illuminating target 108, and with laser beam 110 reflected from target 108.
  • Gated light intensifier 122 is deactivated for the duration of time that laser beam 106 has propagated entirely a distance R min toward target 108, including the return path from distance R min .
  • Range “R m j n” is the minimum range for which gated light intensifier 122 is deactivated.
  • the distance between gated light intensifying module 100 and target 108 is designated range "RMAX"-
  • Laser source 136 transmits light beam 164A toward target 108, and optical assembly 156 receives light beam 164B, which is a reflection of light beam 164A from target 108, through beam combiner 146.
  • Controller 132 controls the operation of symbol injection unit 134 to emit a light beam 166A respective of a symbol (not shown).
  • Light beam 166A reflects from reflector 144 toward beam combiner 146, and beam combiner 146 combines the reflection of light beam 166A with light beam 164B to produce a combined light beam 166B, and directs combined light beam 166B toward optical assembly 156.
  • Gated light intensifier 122 intensifies light beam 166B and produces an image of the symbol, against the intensified image of target 108.
  • Laser source 138 emits a laser pulse 168A toward target 108, through beam splitter 148 and collimator 188.
  • a light beam 168B which is a reflection of laser pulse 168A from target 108, reflects from beam splitter 148 as a light beam 168C and enters light detector 142.
  • light detector 142 provides controller 132 an electric output, thereby enabling controller 132 to determine the range of target 108 from gated light intensifying module 100.
  • Controller 132 can control the operation of symbol injection unit 134 to produce a visual representation of this range, to be observed by one or more eyes 158 together with the intensified image of target 108.
  • beam splitter 148 is not a mandatory component of gated light intensifying module 100.
  • laser source 138 can direct laser pulses toward the target in a first optical channel, and the light detector can detect the reflections of these laser pulses from the target, in a second optical channel.
  • the user can communicate with controller 132 via user interface 126.
  • Use interface 126 can be a tactile device, audio device, haptic device, and the like.
  • the user can adjust for example, the gain and duty cycle of gated light intensifier 122, the intensity of light beam 164A produced by laser source 136, activation of laser source 136, activation of gated light intensifying module 100, selecting the range at which the user desires to view targets, and the like.
  • Power source 128 can be for example, a primary battery, secondary battery, fuel cell, power supply, and the like.
  • Viewing device 124 can include a mechanism (not shown) to provide diopter adjustment for one or more eyes 158.
  • Gated light intensifying module 100 can further include a safety mechanism (not shown), coupled with the controller, in order to prevent operation of the laser sources, in case the gated light intensifying module is not properly assembled onto the optical assembly and the firearm.
  • the controller allows both laser sources to operate, if the safety mechanism indicates that the gated light intensifying module is properly assembled, and prevents the operation of the laser sources, otherwise.
  • Gated light intensifying module 100 can further include another light detector (not shown) coupled with the controller. This light detector detects the intensity of the ambient light. If the light detector detects that the intensity of the ambient light is greater than a predetermined threshold, then the controller disables the gated light intensifier, in order to prevent damage to the gated light intensifier. It is noted that the magnification power of gated light intensifying module 100 is substantially equal to one. Hence, there is no need to make any optical adjustment to optical assembly 156, after coupling gated light intensifying module 100 with optical assembly 156.
  • gated light intensifying module 112 includes a relay lens assembly 172, a gated light intensifier 174, a viewing device 176, a user interface 178, a power source 182, a controller 194, a symbol injection unit 196, laser sources 198 and 202, a light detector 204, a reflector 206, beam splitters 208, and 214, a beam combiner 212, and a band-pass filter 240.
  • Relay lens assembly 172, gated light intensifier 174, viewing device 176, user interface 178, power source 182, controller 194, symbol injection unit 196, light detector 204, and band-pass filter 240, are similar to relay lens assembly 118 ( Figure 2A), gated light intensifier 122, viewing device 124, user interface 126, power source 128, controller 132, symbol injection unit 134, light detector 142, and to band-pass filter 238, respectively.
  • Laser sources 198 and 202 are similar to laser sources 136 and 138, respectively.
  • Beam splitter 214 is optically located between an optical assembly 216 and relay lens assembly 172.
  • Laser source 198 emits a light beam 218A which reflects from beam splitter 214 as a light beam 218B toward a target 222.
  • Target 222 reflects light beam 218B as a light beam 218C toward optical assembly 216.
  • Light beam 218C travels through optical assembly 216, an adapter 224 and relay lens assembly 172, to be intensified by gated light intensifier 174 and to be observed by one or more eyes 226 through viewing device 176, in the same path as that of light beam 218B.
  • Figure 4 is a graph, generally designated 120, depicting gated imaging as a function of time.
  • a laser pulse (not shown) is transmitted at a time t 0 .
  • the duration of the laser pulse, or the pulse width of the laser beam, is designated T
  • aser
  • aser
  • the gated light intensifier such as gated light intensifier 122 ( Figure 2A) or gated light intensifier 174 ( Figure 3), is initially in the "off" state for as long as the laser pulse is emitted, between time t 0 and time t-i
  • the gated light intensifier is further maintained in the "off" state between time t- t and time X 2 , (i.e., ⁇ t min ), and remains in the "off” state so as not to receive reflections of the entire laser pulse (including the end portion of the pulse) from objects located within a range R min from a gated light intensifying module (e.g., gated light intensifying module 100 - Figure 2A or gated light intensifying module 112 - Figure 3).
  • the gated light intensifier is activated and begins receiving reflections.
  • the reflections from objects located immediately after range R m j n from the gated light intensifying module are received from photons at the rear end of the transmitted pulses which have impinged on these objects.
  • the front portion of the transmitted pulses is wasted for objects located immediately in front of range R m j n .
  • the gated light intensifier first receives reflections from the entire width of the pulses.
  • the range of objects, for which the entire width of the pulse is first received, is designated "R 0 ".
  • the time span between time X 2 and time t 3 is equal to T
  • the gated light intensifier remains in the "on” state until time t 5 .
  • the gated light intensifier still receives the full reflection of the pulses from objects located up to a range depicted R 1 . Reflections from objects beyond this range reflect less and less portion of the laser pulse.
  • the tail portion of the reflected pulse is cut off to a greater extent, as the light intensifier gates from its "on” state to its "off state, the further away such objects are located beyond R 0 up to a maximal range R ma xi beyond which no reflections are received at all, due to the deactivation of the light intensifier into its "off” state.
  • the gated light intensifier receives reflections only from photons at the very front end of pulses whose tails are just prior to passing range R-
  • aser .
  • Figure 5 is a typical sensitivity graph, generally designated 130, depicting sensitivity of the gated light intensifier of Figure 2A 1 as a function of the range between the gated light intensifier and a target area.
  • the vertical axis represents sensitivity of the gated light intensifier.
  • the horizontal axis represents the range between the gated light intensifier and the target.
  • sensitivity relates to the gain or responsiveness of the gated light intensifier in proportion to the number of reflected photons actually reaching the gated light intensifier when it is active, and not to any variation in the performance of the gated light intensifier, per se, which has nothing to do with the range from which light is reflected (ignoring attenuation due to geometrical and atmospheric considerations, for sake of simplifying).
  • the sensitivity of the gated light intensifier gradually increases to a maximum level.
  • This region encompasses mainly atmospheric sources that cause interference and self-blinding in the gated light intensifier and so a high sensitivity here is undesired.
  • the gated light intensifier initially encounters the photons at the very front end of the transmitted laser pulse, then the photons in the middle of the pulse and finally the photons at the very end of the pulse.
  • the "on" state of the gated light intensifier "misses" most of the front portion of the pulses reflected from objects just beyond R m j n , incrementally includes more and more of the pulse as its reflection is from further ranges, until all of the pulse is received for objects at R 0 .
  • the duration of the incline in graph 130 is equivalent to the width of the laser pulse T
  • the gated light intensifier remains at maximum sensitivity between range R 0 and range Ri. This is the region where targets are most likely located and so a high sensitivity is desirable.
  • the sensitivity of the gated light intensifier gradually decreases to a negligible level beyond range R 1 .
  • the gated light intensifier begins to miss the photons at the very front end of the laser pulse, then for further ranges misses also the photons in the middle of the pulse, and finally toward objects at R max , the photons at the very end of the pulse until no photons are received.
  • the duration of the decline in graph 130 is equivalent to the width of the laser pulse T
  • a particular sensitivity as a function of range may be obtained by gated light intensifying module 100 ( Figure 1) by application of several techniques, either individually or in various combinations. These techniques will now be discussed.
  • Figure 6 is a graph, generally designated 140, depicting timing adjustment relating to the pulse width of a laser beam.
  • the technique relates to the time gated light intensifier 122 (Figure 2A) is activated with respect to the pulse width of laser beam 106.
  • the vertical axis represents sensitivity, and the horizontal axis represents time.
  • Range “R 0 " is the range from which full reflections first arrived at gated light intensifier 122 while it is activated, where reflections are the end result of the whole span of the pulse width passing in its entirety over a target located at range R 0 from gated light intensifier 122.
  • Range R min is the range up to which the full reflections from a target at this range will encounter gated light intensifier 122 in the "off" state.
  • Range R max is the range of the field for which reflections, or any portion thereof, can still be obtained, i.e. the maximum range for which the sensitivity of gated light intensifier 122 is high enough for detection.
  • the pulse width of laser beam 106 is designated T
  • T off may be determined as twice this range divided by the speed of light in the medium (c), as this is the time span it takes the last photon of the laser pulse to reach the farthest point in the range R min and reflect back to gated light intensifier 122. It may be desirable to lengthen the duration of time the senor unit is deactivated by the duration of pulse width of the laser beam, to ensure that no backscattered reflections from the area up to R min are received in gated
  • Time “T 0n” is the time during which gated light intensifier 122 is activated and receives reflections from target 108 ( Figure 1). Time “T 0n” may be determined in accordance with the entire distance the "last" photon of the pulse scans up to R 0 and back to the gated light intensifier 122.
  • gated light intensifier 122 Since gated light intensifier 122 is activated at time 2xR m j n /c this last photon is already distanced 2xR min from gated light intensifier 122 and it propagates a distance R 0 -2xR min until target 108, and a further distance R 0 back to gated light intensifier 122; the range sums up to 2x(R 0 -R m j n ) and the time it takes to scan this range results in twice this range divided by
  • T 0n 2 x ( R ° ⁇ R TM ⁇ .
  • FIG. 1 The vertical axis represents sensitivity, and the horizontal axis represents distance.
  • Gated light intensifier 122 is "blind" up to range R min .
  • R min is the minimum range for which reflections, in their entirety, may encounter gated light intensifier 122 in the "off" state.
  • An element 152 is an object to be detected, located somewhere beyond range R min .
  • An element 154 is an object to be detected, located further away, slightly below range R 0 .
  • FIG 8 is a graph, generally designated 160, depicting a specific instant in time in relation to the scenario depicted in Figure 7.
  • graph 160 depicts the specific instant at which a laser pulse 162 has just completed passing element 152 and continues advancing.
  • the vertical axis represents sensitivity, and the horizontal axis represents distance.
  • Reflections from element 152 may be received the moment gated light intensifier 122 is activated, even before the entire pulse width of laser pulse 162 has passed element 152. Therefore, plenty of time is provided for gated light intensifier 122 to receive reflections that can be intensified from object 154, but only limited intensifying time is provided for reflections from the closer element 152.
  • Gated light intensifier 122 may be activated just a short time before the last portion of the pulse energy is reflected from element 152 (as long as laser beam 106 remains on element 152). This portion is proportional to the small distance between R min and element 152. Immediately afterwards, pulse energy is also reflected continuously from element 154 (now being passed by advancing laser pulse 162) also in proportion to the greater distance between R min and element 154. Consequently, the total energy received by gated light intensifier
  • FIG. 9 is a graph, generally designated 170, depicting a specific instant in time after than the instant depicted in Figure 8.
  • graph 170 depicts the specific instant at which laser pulse 162 has just completed passing element 154 and continues advancing.
  • the vertical axis represents sensitivity
  • the horizontal axis represents distance.
  • reflections from element 152 may be received by gated light intensifier 122 (as long as laser beam 106 remains incident on element 154), and no longer receives reflections from element 152 (as laser pulse 162 has already passed element 152). Consequently, the reflection intensity absorbed from element
  • FIG. 10 is a sensitivity graph, generally designated 180, in accordance with the timing technique depicted in Figure 6.
  • the vertical axis represents sensitivity, and the horizontal axis represents distance. It is noted that graph 180 may not be ideal, because laser pulse
  • 106 may also illuminate elements located beyond range R ma x, as laser beam 106 gradually fades away, although there may be no need to illuminate such elements.
  • graph 180 may not be ideal because the sensitivity remains constant between the first optimum range R 0 and the last optimum range R 1 , while further attenuation exists within the range span R 1 -R 0 . It is possible to reduce the sensitivity of gated light intensifying module 100 for receiving reflections originating from beyond range R 0 by other techniques. Such techniques include changing the form or shape of laser beam 106, changing the time that gated light intensifier 122 is activated, and changing the width of laser pulse 106. These techniques are now discussed.
  • FIG. 11 is a sensitivity graph, generally designated 184, in accordance with the Long Pulse Gated Imaging (LPGI) timing technique.
  • LPGI Long Pulse Gated Imaging
  • Ti aser is set to the difference between the time required for the laser beam to traverse the path from the system to the minimal target distance and back (2-R min /c) and the time the last photon reflects back from the target at R 1 .
  • This time is also equivalent to the duration of time for which the gated light intensifier is activated (T 0n )-
  • aser and T 0n are given by the relation: 2 ⁇ ( R TM* ⁇ R TM ⁇ ; where c is the speed of light. It is noted that LPGI
  • gated light intensifier 122 operates in LPGI mode. To eliminate backscattered light without loss of contrast while maintaining a high quality image of target and background, it is sufficient to switch gated light intensifier 122 to the "off" state when the reflected beam has traversed approximately 6 km (3 km each way to and from range R m j n ). It is noted that it may be desirable to lengthen time T off by the pulse width of the laser beam (T
  • the gated light intensifying module is mounted in front of an existing optical assembly of a rifle (i.e., day scope), as an add-on module.
  • This arrangement provides night vision to a conventional rifle, and provides an even greater visibility range than a gated light intensifying module mounted behind the optical assembly (as shown in Figure 2A).
  • the magnification of the gated light intensifying module is one, the optical parameters and characteristics of the optical assembly remain intact, and it is not necessary to recalibrate the optical assembly.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic illustration of a gated light intensifying module, generally referenced 260, constructed and operative according to another embodiment of the disclosed technique.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic illustration of a system mounted on a rifle, generally referenced 330, for producing an intensified image of an object, constructed and operative according to a further embodiment of the disclosed technique.
  • gated light intensifying module 260 includes an objective lens 262, a gated light intensifier 264, a relay lens assembly 266, a band-pass filter 268, a user interface 270, a power source 272, a controller 274, a symbol injection unit 276, laser sources 278 and 280, collimators 282 and 284, a light detector 286, beam splitter 288, beam combiner 290, and a reflector 292.
  • Gated light intensifier 264, user interface 270, power source 272, controller 274, symbol injection unit 276, light detector 286, reflector 292, relay lens assembly 266, and band-pass filter 268, are similar to gated light intensifier 122 ( Figure 2A), user interface 126, power source 128, controller 132, symbol injection unit 134, light detector 142, reflector 144, relay lens assembly 118, and band-pass filter 238, respectively, as described herein above.
  • Laser sources 278 and 280 are similar to laser sources 136 and 138 ( Figure 2A), respectively, as described herein above.
  • Collimators 282 and 284 are similar to collimators 186 and 188, respectively.
  • Beam splitter 288 and beam combiner 290 are similar to beam splitter 148 and beam combiner 146, respectively.
  • Beam combiner 290 is located between a target 298 and objective lens 262.
  • Band-pass filter 268 is located between objective lens 262 and gated light intensifier 264.
  • Gated light intensifier 264 is located between band-pass filter 268 and relay lens assembly 266.
  • Relay lens assembly 266 is located between gated light intensifier 264 and optical assembly 294.
  • Relay lens assembly 266 is optically coupled with an objective lens (not shown) of optical assembly 294.
  • Target 298, beam combiner 290, objective lens 262, band-pass filter 268, gated light intensifier 264, relay lens assembly 266, and optical assembly 294 are optically coupled together.
  • Gated light intensifying module 260 is located between optical assembly 294 and target 298, at a distance close to optical assembly 294, compared to the distance between gated light intensifying module 260 and target 298 (i.e., in close proximity to optical assembly 294). Gated light intensifying module 260 is firmly attached to a device
  • Optical assembly 294 is similar to optical assembly 156 ( Figure 2A), as described herein above.
  • Controller 274 is electrically coupled with gated light intensifier 264, user interface 270, power source 272, symbol injection unit 276, laser sources 278 and 280, and with light detector 286.
  • Symbol injection unit 276 is optically coupled with objective lens 262, through reflector 292 and beam combiner 290. All components of gated light intensifying module 260 are packed together in an enclosure (not shown), similar to the manner which gated light intensifying module 100 ( Figure 2A) is packed, as described herein above.
  • Objective lens 262 receives incoming light from target 298, and transmits this incoming light to gated light intensifier 264, through band-pass filter 268.
  • Gated light intensifier 264 produces an intensified image (not shown) of target 298, according to the incoming light received from band-pass filter 268.
  • Relay lens assembly 266 projects the intensified image on the object plane (not shown) of the objective lens of optical assembly 294.
  • Optical assembly 294 delivers the intensified image toward the eyes 300 of a user (not shown).
  • system 330 includes a gated light intensifying module 332, an optical assembly 334, and a light collecting optical assembly 336. Light collecting optical assembly 336 is mounted in front of gated light intensifying module 332, as an add-on device.
  • Gated light intensifying module 332, and optical assembly 334 are similar to gated light intensifying module 260 ( Figure 12), and optical assembly 294, respectively, as described herein above.
  • Light collecting optical assembly 336 is similar to light collecting optical assembly 236 ( Figure 2B), as described herein above.
  • Controller 274 controls laser source 278 to emit a light beam
  • Gated light intensifier 264 receives a light beam 302B as a reflection of light beam 302A from target 298, through beam combiner 290, objective lens 262, and band-pass filter 268. Controller 274 controls the operation of symbol injection unit 276 to emit a light beam 304A respective of a symbol (not shown).
  • Light beam 304A reflects from reflector 292 toward beam combiner 290, and beam combiner 290 produces a combined light beam 304B by combining the reflection of light beam 304A with light beam 302B, and directs combined light beam 304B toward objective lens 262.
  • Gated light intensifier 264 intensifies light beam 304B which is received through objective lens 262 and band-pass filter 268, and gated light intensifier 264 produces an image of the symbol, against the intensified image of target 298.
  • Laser source 280 emits a light beam 306A toward target 298, through beam splitter 288 and collimator 284.
  • a light beam 306B which is a reflection of light beam 306A from target 298, reflects from beam splitter 288 as a light beam 306C and enters light detector 286.
  • light detector 286 provides controller 274 an electric output, thereby enabling controller 274 to determine the range of target 298 from gated light intensifying module 260.
  • Controller 274 can control the operation of symbol injection unit 276 to produce a visual representation of this range, to be observed by one or more eyes 300 together with the intensified image of target 298.
  • Gated light intensifying module 260 can include a gated light valve (not shown) located in front of the gated light intensifier, as described herein above in connection with Figure 2A. In this case, the controller controls the activation of the gated light valve, instead of electronically controlling the operation of the gated light intensifier.
  • Gated light intensifying module 260 can further include a safety mechanism (not shown), coupled with the controller, which is operative as described herein above in connection with Figure 2A.
  • Gated light intensifying module 260 can further include another light detector (not shown) coupled with the controller, as described herein above in connection with Figure 2A, to detect the intensity of the ambient light.
  • magnification power of gated light intensifying module 260 is substantially equal to one. Hence, there in no need to make any optical adjustment to optical assembly 294, after coupling gated light intensifying module 260 with optical assembly 294.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système pour produire une image d'une cible en fonction de faisceaux lumineux cibles émis par la cible à travers un ensemble optique, le système étant optiquement couplé à l'ensemble optique. Ce système comprend un adaptateur pour coupler mécaniquement et optiquement le système à un oculaire de l'ensemble optique, une première source laser pour éclairer la cible par impulsions laser, un amplificateur de lumière commandé par porte et optiquement couplé à l'ensemble optique par l'adaptateur, un dispositif de commande électriquement couplé à la première source laser et à l'amplificateur de lumière commandé par porte, un ensemble de lentilles de relais situé entre l'adaptateur et l'amplificateur de lumière commandé par porte, le dispositif de commande commandant les impulsions de la première source laser et permettant à l'amplificateur de lumière commandé par porte d'amplifier de manière substantielle et exclusive des réflexions des impulsions laser émises par la cible, lesquelles correspondent à une fourchette située entre une partie frontale et une partie arrière de la cible autour de l'emplacement de la cible relativement au système, l'ensemble de lentilles de relais projetant l'image cible sur l'amplificateur de lumière commandé par porte.
PCT/IL2005/001257 2005-02-23 2005-11-24 Dispositif d'appoint d'imagerie laser commande par porte a associer a un ensemble optique Ceased WO2006090356A1 (fr)

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IL167068 2005-02-23
IL16706805 2005-02-23

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US7506643B2 (en) 2006-06-30 2009-03-24 Larry Holmberg Crossbow device mount
US7574824B2 (en) 2006-01-06 2009-08-18 Larry Holmberg Device mount for a firearm
US7594352B2 (en) 2006-10-17 2009-09-29 Larry Holmberg Device mount with stabilizing function
US7643132B2 (en) 2002-03-04 2010-01-05 Larry Holmberg Range finder
US7647922B2 (en) 2006-06-30 2010-01-19 Larry Holmberg Adaptor for device mount
US7739822B1 (en) 2007-01-09 2010-06-22 Larry Holmberg Method and device for mounting an accessory to a firearm
US7780363B1 (en) 2008-01-17 2010-08-24 Larry Holmberg Device for mounting imaging equipment to a bow and method of recording a hunt
US7880793B2 (en) 1999-03-08 2011-02-01 Larry Holmberg Camera with mounting rail
US7891131B2 (en) 2007-01-05 2011-02-22 Larry Holmberg Device mount system for a weapon
US8024884B2 (en) 2009-06-16 2011-09-27 Larry Holmberg Electronic device mount system for weapons
US8156680B2 (en) 2002-03-04 2012-04-17 Larry Holmberg Device mounting system for a weapon
US8161674B2 (en) 2009-06-16 2012-04-24 Larry Holmberg Electronic device mount system with strap
US8240077B2 (en) 2002-03-04 2012-08-14 Larry Holmberg Range finder for weapons
US8656624B2 (en) 2010-12-29 2014-02-25 Larry Holmberg Universal device mount
US8656625B2 (en) 2010-12-29 2014-02-25 Larry Holmberg Accessory mount
US10031229B1 (en) 2014-12-15 2018-07-24 Rockwell Collins, Inc. Object designator system and method
CN110174663A (zh) * 2019-05-31 2019-08-27 昂纳信息技术（深圳）有限公司 一种激光雷达的光功率分配方法及光功率分配装置和系统

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US8059196B2 (en) 1999-03-08 2011-11-15 Larry Holmberg Camera for mounting
US9521300B2 (en) 1999-03-08 2016-12-13 Larry Holmberg Camera for mounting
US7965337B2 (en) 1999-03-08 2011-06-21 Larry Holmberg System for mounting camera on bow
US9143663B2 (en) 1999-03-08 2015-09-22 Larry Holmberg Camera for mounting
US8717497B2 (en) 1999-03-08 2014-05-06 Larry Holmberg Camera for mounting
US8717496B2 (en) 1999-03-08 2014-05-06 Larry Holmberg Rail mount
US8035735B2 (en) 1999-03-08 2011-10-11 Larry Holmberg Camera with weather cover
US7880793B2 (en) 1999-03-08 2011-02-01 Larry Holmberg Camera with mounting rail
US8156680B2 (en) 2002-03-04 2012-04-17 Larry Holmberg Device mounting system for a weapon
US8240077B2 (en) 2002-03-04 2012-08-14 Larry Holmberg Range finder for weapons
US8656629B2 (en) 2002-03-04 2014-02-25 Larry Holmberg Range finder for weapons
US7643132B2 (en) 2002-03-04 2010-01-05 Larry Holmberg Range finder
US7982858B2 (en) 2002-03-04 2011-07-19 Larry Holmberg Range finder
US8046950B2 (en) 2006-01-06 2011-11-01 Larry Holmberg Method of attaching device to weapon
US7661221B2 (en) 2006-01-06 2010-02-16 Larry Holmberg Device mount
US7574824B2 (en) 2006-01-06 2009-08-18 Larry Holmberg Device mount for a firearm
US8065994B2 (en) 2006-06-30 2011-11-29 Larry Holmberg Adaptor for device mount
US7886733B2 (en) 2006-06-30 2011-02-15 Larry Holmberg Method of mounting an autonomous electronic device on to a crossbow
US7647922B2 (en) 2006-06-30 2010-01-19 Larry Holmberg Adaptor for device mount
US7506643B2 (en) 2006-06-30 2009-03-24 Larry Holmberg Crossbow device mount
US7594352B2 (en) 2006-10-17 2009-09-29 Larry Holmberg Device mount with stabilizing function
US7926220B2 (en) 2006-10-17 2011-04-19 Larry Holmberg Stabilizing device mount and method
US7891131B2 (en) 2007-01-05 2011-02-22 Larry Holmberg Device mount system for a weapon
US7739822B1 (en) 2007-01-09 2010-06-22 Larry Holmberg Method and device for mounting an accessory to a firearm
US7780363B1 (en) 2008-01-17 2010-08-24 Larry Holmberg Device for mounting imaging equipment to a bow and method of recording a hunt
US8161674B2 (en) 2009-06-16 2012-04-24 Larry Holmberg Electronic device mount system with strap
US8024884B2 (en) 2009-06-16 2011-09-27 Larry Holmberg Electronic device mount system for weapons
US8656625B2 (en) 2010-12-29 2014-02-25 Larry Holmberg Accessory mount
US8656624B2 (en) 2010-12-29 2014-02-25 Larry Holmberg Universal device mount
US10031229B1 (en) 2014-12-15 2018-07-24 Rockwell Collins, Inc. Object designator system and method
CN110174663A (zh) * 2019-05-31 2019-08-27 昂纳信息技术（深圳）有限公司 一种激光雷达的光功率分配方法及光功率分配装置和系统

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