WO2006069672A1 - Fire-retarding transparent hollow element and wall element comprising said type of hollow elements - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a transparent hollow element (2), in particular a hollow glass component, which prevents the passage of fire or heat and which comprises two visible surfaces (2.1, 2.2) and surrounding lateral surfaces which define the inner chamber of the hollow element (2) as an inner covering surface (2M). At least one of the surfaces of the inner chamber is provided with a layer which reacts at high temperatures, in particular a foaming material (5) and/or a material (5) which reacts to the cold. Said invention is characterised in that said layer is arranged along at least one part of the inner covering surface (2M), such that the essential part of the visible surfaces is not hindered and remains transparent. The invention also relates to different variants for producing said material and also to wall elements which are produced using said hollow elements.

Description

 Fire-retardant translucent hollow element and wall element with such hollow elements

The invention relates to a fire-retardant translucent hollow element, in particular a hollow glass component, with the features of the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to wall elements which are produced from such hollow elements or using such hollow elements.

From the generic document DE 27 32 395 C2 translucent, glassy (hollow) components are known in which at least one of its surfaces is provided with a layer of intumeszentem, translucent at 20 ⁰ C material. The components are designed in particular as hollow glass components. Among the surfaces provided with the layer, this document obviously understands the visible surfaces through which the light must fall. All embodiments shown comprise a layer of the intumescent material applied to or against at least one visible surface. This obviously creates a certain visual impairment. This must be accepted, in particular, if the intumescent layer is assigned to an intermediate wall in the interior according to one embodiment.

The document JP002004068386 (Abstract) discloses fire protection hollow glass building blocks with a filling of a fire protection compound, which is to allow a classification as F60-Baumateriali- (service life 60 minutes). Accordingly, the entire interior is filled with this fire protection compound, which must therefore be translucent, if the so-filled block itself should let light.

The European patents EP 0 853 166 B1, EP 0 853 167 B1 and EP 0 853 168 B1 describe, in particular, single and / or multi-chamber, particularly thick-walled hollow glass building blocks designed for fire protection with fire protection classification, which in principle have no further measures already form a good fire protection. DE 297 21 210 U describes a hollow glass module with a built-in between its two shells translucent glass, which may be provided with a reflective infrared rays coating.

The US Patent 5,845,443 describes created from hollow glass blocks wall element with fire protection character. Thereafter, refractory profiles of pressed fiber cement are inserted and fixed using silicone adhesive in the cavities between conventional hollow glass blocks. They also define the distances between the blocks and connect these sufficiently tightly together to prevent bursting of the joints in case of fire or at least to delay. The outer joints are filled with a fire-retardant sealant. When the block or block rows are horizontal, the profiles run in both the horizontal and vertical cavities. For the construction of walls made of glass blocks, a system is also known ("SOLARIS Quicktech System", special edition from DE-Z "Building and Renovating 11-12 / 2003), which comprises as an integral part thin-walled hollow sections US 2004/0177577 A1 describes an assembly or wall element made of glass blocks, in which a mounting profile system of the type mentioned above is used, which is additionally provided by intumescent materials in the joints between the profiles and the walls of the glass blocks is added.

From the handbook "Promat Manual Structural Fire Protection A2" with date of printing 12/2003 are known fire-resistant putties and masses under the brand "PROMASEAL ^® " Promat, which are suitable for sealing joints in construction. Also plate or strip fire protection materials are described therein, but they are not translucent.

It is known, in particular in the case of fire-retardant glazings, to fill transparent water-glass-based fire protection compounds in inter-pane spaces of double glazing or insulating glazing. In the event of fire, these masses foam and stabilize the fire-affected wall, preventing both flame penetration and excessive heat transmission. DE 198 42 327 A1 also describes relevant joint sealants for use in joints of monolithic or composite glass panes, which in turn form fire-retardant glass walls.

The invention is based on the object to provide an improved translucent hollow element with fire protection effect.

This object is achieved with the features of claim 1. The independent claim 13 relates to a wall element in which such improved hollow elements are used.

By inserting into the interiors of translucent hollow elements of the type in question, in particular hollow glass bricks along the inner lateral surfaces strips or strands of at (significant) temperature increase reacting, in particular foaming and / or cooling effective materials or masses or introduces a complementary protection against breakthrough of flame and heat radiation is created, which is still effective even if, for example, the fire side facing visible surface of the hollow element is destroyed. At the same time, however, the light transmission through the hollow elements is not significantly impaired, or remains the essential portion of the visible surfaces in the normal state freely translucent without the need for transparent or translucent intumescent or intumescent material. On the contrary, the material which is solid or pasty in the delivery state can be used or introduced without much effort in the production of the hollow elements. It is not absolutely necessary to arrange the material circumferentially on all inner lateral surfaces.

Cooling means in this context that the material or the mass may have during foaming and then a certain heat absorption capacity, as is customary in water glass-based fire protection compounds used in the flat glass sector. As materials are mainly plate or strip-shaped fabrics made of flat material in question, which can be fixed in the interior of the hollow element. Most preferably, such materials can be prefabricated in order to easily insert them in the production of-usually consists of two halves-hollow elements can.

Very advantageous is a design as a frame or frame portion of a flat material that can be applied to a part or to the entirety of the inner circumferential surface of the hollow member and also does not need to be separately fixed with a sufficiently accurate fit. Such a Zwischenfabrikat can be inserted into one half or shell of the hollow element, then the second half is placed over it and glued to the first half. Such a frame can be made wholly or partly from the foamable material. In the latter case, a further part of the frame will be made of a material intended for supporting purposes only. In a further advantageous variant, it is possible to provide a separate, heat-resistant holding or supporting frame (in frame form) for the foamable material, so that the latter is not directly applied to or fixed to the inner lateral surfaces of the hollow element must, but is introduced by means of the support frame. Also in this case, all inner surfaces or only a part of the inner surfaces of this support frame can be covered with the intumescent material.

It is also possible to use pasty masses which concentrate on the inner jacket surface. Apply chen chen of the hollow element or a support frame or in pre-assembled strands, possibly with flexible sleeves, can be inserted.

Advantageously, the material has a high heat insulating effect by absorption and / or reflection not only during the foaming process or the (endothermic) reaction phase, but also in the foamed or inflated state. It can be advantageously dimensioned so that it at least approximately completely fills the interior of the hollow element above a certain temperature and thus largely prevents the passage of heat radiation through the hollow element.

In all embodiments, the material will be arranged in such a way that in the event of a fire, the entire cross section of the hollow elements according to the invention permeable to light and heat rays is quickly filled with the material in order to achieve the fastest possible heat radiation or heat blockage. With all-round (frame-like) arrangement of the material, this will form a ring front, which moves towards the center and finally reaches it. If the material is arranged on two opposite sides, two fronts will be formed, which project in opposite directions to the center.

It should be ensured that the material does not react until above a certain limit temperature, so that it does not malfunction (premature start of reaction without fire). Conventional materials react from a temperature of about 150 ⁰ C. However, materials are preferred, the previously dampen the radiant heat through the hollow element, so that the criterion of an F-class duration in minutes to exceeding a temperature of more than 140 K. above room temperature as well as possible. In this context, F60 means z. B. a life of 60 minutes. Although it is advantageous, but not mandatory, that the interiors of the hollow elements according to the invention are closed on all sides or completely, if it is ensured that the fire protection deposits can not fall out. It may be appropriate to provide openings for a certain pressure equalization.

Of course, any shapes of hollow elements (angular and rounded outlines, single or multi-chamber designs) can be equipped with the material in the manner according to the invention. As a multi-chambered example, such hollow elements are considered, between the two shells or halves a partition or - disc is used (EP 0 853 166 B1), and / or composed of a plurality of firmly connected together hollow elements (EP 0 853 167 B1). In such mehrkammerigen elements one, several or all chambers can be provided with fire protection inserts of the type described here.

The optical quality of translucent hollow elements according to the invention can be improved by a coloring of the inserted or inserted fire-protection materials which corresponds to a light color or at least to a coloring of the visible surfaces of the hollow element.

Wall elements that are produced using such hollow elements can be secured by further measures against breakdown of flames and / or heat. In particular, fire protection materials can also be introduced into the joints between the individual hollow elements and / or in joints between hollow elements and inserted mounting profiles. Such intumescent materials can be used in the

Fire situation, the stability of the wall element by enhancing the internal load transfer even further improve.

Of course, measures will be taken against the penetration of fire and heat on the wall, ceiling and floor connections such wall elements in a conventional manner.

Further details and advantages of the subject of the invention will become apparent from the drawing of an embodiment and its subsequent detailed description below.

1 shows a view of a wall element made of glass blocks and with mounting profiles, in a greatly simplified, not to scale representation,

FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of a hollow element for clarifying the arrangement of a fire protection insert in its cavity; FIG.

3 shows a sectional view of another design of a hollow element, in the cavity of which a fire protection insert is likewise provided;

4 is a sectional view through a hollow wall element to illustrate the arrangement of the fire protection compound in the spaces between the blocks.

5 and 6 are views of a hollow element with fire protection insert before and after a fire test;

7 shows a further sectional view analogous to FIG. 5 of a variant in which the fire protection insert is arranged only on two inner lateral surfaces lying opposite one another; 8 shows a third sectional view analogous to FIG. 6 of a variant in which a separate support frame is provided for the fire protection insert.

According to FIG. 1, a wall element 1 is made up of a number of translucent cuboid hollow elements 2, preferably of hollow glass building blocks. The latter are carried out in the usual design of two tightly interconnected half shells, but they can also be equipped with additional measures for thermal insulation and / or reflection according to the document DE 297 21 210 U1 or as fire protection modules according to EP 853 166, 853 167 or 853 168 executed.

Between the horizontal rows of hollow elements 2, horizontal mounting profiles 3 can be seen which extend in one piece over a plurality of hollow elements 2. In the vertical gaps between the hollow elements 2 short mounting profiles 4 are also used. The latter are kept in standard lengths and installed. Deviating from this, it is of course also possible to use mounting profiles in other designs, for example as crosspieces, which are used between four modules each. On a possible internal structure of the wall element will be discussed later with reference to FIG. 4 in more detail.

2 shows in a partially cut open cuboid hollow element 2, the arrangement of a frame-shaped inserted into the cavity fire protection insert made of a suitable material 5. Two half-shells, each with a visible surface 2.1 or 2.2 and side walls 2.3 and 2.4 form the hollow element 2, by being connected to one another in a material-locking manner (preferably by gluing) along the end faces of the side walls 2.3 and 2.4. The inner surfaces of the side walls 2.3 and 2.4 then form a circumferential inner circumferential surface 2M of the hollow element 2. The fire protection insert equally forms an inner frame along the inner lateral surfaces. The lateral surface 2M is simplified here without the normally provided for Entformungsgründen slight slopes shown. Together with the inner surfaces of the visible surfaces 2.1 and 2.2, it circumscribes the cavity 2H of the hollow element 2.

On its outer side, the side walls 2.3 and 2.4 jump back inwards relative to the peripheral outer edges of the visible surfaces 2.1 and 2.2. This creates room for connecting means such as the mounting profiles and fillers indicated in FIG. 1 and shown in greater detail in FIG. 4. It goes without saying, however, that this external recess is not required for equipping hollow elements with fire protection inserts according to the invention. Rather, even outside smooth-walled or outwardly curved hollow elements, which are used as termination elements on exposed edges of a Wandele- be used with such fire protection deposits.

Visible, the material 5 of the flat and possibly flexible fire protection insert is applied to the inner circumferential surface 2M. Since the latter is circumferentially closed and the half shells are produced with relatively high dimensional accuracy, the fire protection insert can be prefabricated to measure and then placed in a half shell before it is connected to the second half shell in a cold joining process. Suitably, the width of the fire protection insert is about twice the inner depth of a half-shell, so that it can be made in one piece for both half-shells. Their thickness is only a few millimeters, so that the major part of the visible surfaces is freely transparent. The thickness of the layer is between 1 and 10 mm, depending on the volume of the hollow element to be filled and on the possible increase in volume of the material used itself. With regard to the requirement for the least possible impairment of the passage of light, they are preferably not thicker than 5 mm. 2 also indicates that the interior or cavity 2H of the hollow element 2 can be subdivided into a plurality of interior spaces by a partition wall 2T in a manner known per se, of which only one or more may be provided with fire protection Insert can be provided along at least a portion of the respective inner lateral surfaces. Fig. 3 shows another, preferably round and single-shell design of a hollow element 2 ', which is installed in a ceiling element V. This also has a circumferential inner lateral surface 2M. Its upper visible surface 2.1 may be part of a walkable top of the ceiling element V. The lower visible surface 2.2 is here formed by a suitably cut cover plate, which fixes the turn on the inner circumferential surface of the hollow element 2 'used fire protection insert made of a flat material 5. Recognizable circumscribes the lateral surface 2M here a truncated cone, to which form the (preferably in turn prefabricated) fire protection insert is adjusted. Also in this design, the essential portion of the visible surfaces 2.1 and 2.2 of the hollow element remains translucent, although the material 5 of the fire protection insert itself is opaque.

It should be noted that equipment according to the invention with fire protection inserts are basically also conceivable for non-translucent hollow elements, although it does not appear to be necessary there to design the inserts under the aspect of the least possible reduction of light transmission. In both embodiments according to FIGS. 2 and 3, in which the fire protection insert forms a frame-like frame, the visual appearance of the hollow element 2 can be influenced by the coloring of the material 5 of the fire protection insert. On the one hand, its cavity-facing surface and the narrow end faces can be bright, for example, white, colored. On the other hand, an aesthetically effective color effect and / or contrast can also be achieved by another coloring, possibly even to display a pattern, a manufacturer logo or the like. However, the latter options are preferably provided when the viewing surfaces are transparent. In colored visible surfaces of the hollow element - known hollow glass blocks are offered in many color variants - the visible side of the insert may be colored tone on tone with the visible surfaces or contrasting thereto.

In Fig. 4 can be seen by means of a section through an embodiment of a wall element 1, that the mounting profile 3 shown there cut is relatively thin-walled and hollow, wherein two parallel hollow chambers are connected by a central web 3S. Spacer ribs 3R protrude outward at both ends, which can serve to position and center the hollow elements 2.

The mounting profiles 3 and 4 can be glued directly to the hollow elements 2, using adhesive strands (not shown), which are particularly suitable for the respective material pairing (eg glass and plastic or metal). It is also possible to choose these adhesives from high temperature resistant materials.

If necessary, the outer joints are filled with mortar, silicone or the like. In the usual way, as indicated at 6. The mounting profiles 3 and 4 can be regarded as both frame and spacer elements. Preferably, they are used in an embodiment of the fire resistance class according to DIN 4102-B2. The cross-sections of the profiles shown here and their dimensions in relation to the glass blocks are shown purely schematically and do not allow conclusions to be drawn about actual size ratios and shapes. For further details on the known quick-tech mounting system refer to the above documentation. Visible to the outer surfaces of the blocks 2 and the mounting profiles 3 and 4 cavities or channels 7, in which strands of a mass 8 with fire-retardant (foaming and possibly cooling effective) properties are arranged according to the invention. Of course, the vertical profiles 4 (Fig. 1) can also be provided with such strands. Commercially available fire protection compounds can be prepared in pasty form. simply apply in a straight line. Of course, the course of the strand of the mass can be determined optionally. In particular, it may deviate from the simplified straight-line shape, for example zigzagging or wave-shaped, in order to achieve a higher filling of the cavities, depending on their availability.

This mass 8 begins - similar or just like the material 5 of the fire protection insert in the hollow elements themselves - at temperatures above about 150 ⁰ C to increase their volume, it foams. At the same time, it can also have heat-absorbing (endothermic) properties. As a result, the joints between the mounting profiles 3/4 and the blocks 2 can be completely filled in case of fire. As a result, an additional joint foreclosure and also load transfer within the wall element 1 is formed.

Notwithstanding the illustration, the mass 8 could also be filled into the cavities of the profiles 3 and 4; However, their walls would then have to be provided with perforations, so that the mass 8 can foam. In the cavities of the mounting profiles, however, and preferably -for static support of the mass 8 in the case of fire bar or strip-shaped stabilizers 9 (indicated only by dash-dotted lines) of materials of fire protection class DIN 4102-A can be used.

Strands of a mass 8 could also, as already mentioned, instead of the strips of the material 5 -or also in addition to these as a fire protection insert in the hollow elements 2 itself be introduced by applying this mass 8 on the lateral surface 2M, or they fixed in the form of prefabricated with suitable cross-sections strands.

Finally, FIGS. 5 and 6 show a comparison of views of a hollow element 2 with the equipment according to the invention with a fire protection insert from the flat material 5 in the delivery condition (FIG. 5) and after carrying out a foaming of said material 5 or Fire protection insert leading experiment (Fig. 6). While in the delivery state almost free view through the hollow element 2 is possible, which also transmits heat except heat, if it is not -in per se known- equipped with separate thermal insulation properties and features, takes the foamed fire protection insert 5 according Fig. 6 almost the entire internal volume of the hollow element 2 a. In addition to the light barrier, it also insulates the passage of heat to a considerable extent.

A glass block wall 1 constructed in this way has, in comparison with conventional glass building block walls significantly improved safety against fire and heat transmission. At the same time, the joints between the blocks can be kept relatively narrow, since the fire protection measures are laid in the internal cavities. Such hollow elements or wall elements can be used for example in walls, floors or ceilings for escape routes, which must be shielded against a potential source of fire over a certain period of time (60 or 90 minutes).

Fig. 7 shows yet another section through a hollow glass block 2, in which a fire protection insert 5 is provided only in sections on two opposing inner lateral surfaces. It could be left to permanently fix these two sections of material on the lateral surfaces. However, it is also possible, as shown, to join the two strips of the material 5 in addition by two further sections 10 to form a peripheral (prefabricatable) frame. These sections 10 will be made of a refractory material, have the same outer dimensions (but may have a smaller thickness) and color as the strips 5, but retain their shape when heated. They only serve to simplify the insertion and fixation of the actual fire protection insert. In case of fire, the sections of the material 5 foam, and their fronts move towards each other until the gap is closed.

Finally, FIG. 8 shows a further variant analogous to FIG. 7, in which a separate support frame 11 is again inserted into the interior of the hollow element 2, which in turn has two strips of the foamable solid material 5 or of a foamable one wearing pasty material. This embodiment allows as well as the embodiment of FIG. 7 pre-assembly ierung the fire protection insert, which then only has to be used in the hollow element before it is closed. The support frame 11 can be significantly thinner than the strips of the foamable material, so that the requirement for the lowest possible visibility or the slight restriction of the passage of light remains met.

Claims

claims 1. Fire-retardant translucent hollow element (2), in particular hollow glass block, with two visible surfaces (2.1, 2.2) and circumferential side walls, the interior of the hollow element (2) as an inner circumferential surface (2M) rewrite, wherein in the interior at least one of the surfaces is provided with a layer of a responsive to temperature increase, in particular foaming and / or cooling effective material (5), characterized in that the layer along at least a portion of the inner circumferential surface (2M) is arranged, so that the essential portion of the visible surfaces unimpaired translucent is. 2. Hollow element according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of inserted or introduced material (5) is dimensioned so that it substantially completely fills the interior of the hollow element (2) above a certain temperature threshold. 3. Hollow element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the material (5) begins to react at temperatures above about 100 ⁰ C, preferably above 120 ⁰ C. 4. Hollow element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foamed material (5) has a high heat insulating effect by absorption and / or reflection. 5. Hollow element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer is formed by plate or strip-shaped flat material (5). 6. Hollow element according to claim 5, characterized in that the material (5) of the layer prefabricated as a solid strip prefabricated on the inner dimensions of the hollow element (2) and / or is preformed. 7. Hollow element according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that a fire protection insert is provided in frame form or as a portion of a frame, wherein at least a portion of this frame or the whole frame consists of the reacting material. 8. Hollow element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer is applied as a pasty material (8) in the interior space on at least a portion of the inner lateral surfaces (2M). 9. Hollow element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a support frame (11) made of a non-foaming material as a carrier of the layer of the foaming material (5, 8) is provided. 10. Hollow element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer, optionally including a support frame holding it (11) between 1 and 10 mm, preferably not more than 5 mm thick. 11. Hollow element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a plurality of internal spaces, wherein the material (5, 8) indirectly or is attached directly to inner lateral surfaces of at least one of these interiors. 12. Hollow element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the strands or strips color of the coloring of the Sichtflä- surfaces of the hollow element (2) adapted and / or bright, in particular white, are colored. 13. wall element (1, 1 ') having a plurality of hollow elements according to one of the preceding claims. 14. Wall element according to claim 13, characterized in that in joints (7) between the individual hollow elements (2) also intumescent fire protection materials (8) are arranged. 15. Wall element according to claim 13 or 14, for its creation in the joints (7) between the hollow elements mounting profiles (3, 4) are inserted.