[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2006054164A2 - A single step procedure for the purification and activation of tagged p38 map kinase - Google Patents

A single step procedure for the purification and activation of tagged p38 map kinase Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2006054164A2
WO2006054164A2 PCT/IB2005/003462 IB2005003462W WO2006054164A2 WO 2006054164 A2 WO2006054164 A2 WO 2006054164A2 IB 2005003462 W IB2005003462 W IB 2005003462W WO 2006054164 A2 WO2006054164 A2 WO 2006054164A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
map kinase
gst
tagged
tris
process according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2005/003462
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2006054164A3 (en
WO2006054164B1 (en
Inventor
Prabuddha Kundu
Pankaj Gulati
Rajeev Soni
Kulvinder Singh Saini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd
Original Assignee
Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd filed Critical Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd
Publication of WO2006054164A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006054164A2/en
Publication of WO2006054164A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006054164A3/en
Publication of WO2006054164B1 publication Critical patent/WO2006054164B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
    • C12N9/12—Transferases (2.) transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)
    • C12N9/1205—Phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor (2.7.1), e.g. protein kinases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
    • C07K2319/20—Fusion polypeptide containing a tag with affinity for a non-protein ligand
    • C07K2319/23—Fusion polypeptide containing a tag with affinity for a non-protein ligand containing a GST-tag

Definitions

  • the present invention provides a single step procedure for the purification and activation of tagged p38 MAP kinase by affinity chromatography.
  • the tagged p38 MAP kinase is expressed in E. coli and subsequently activated by using differentially tagged active upstream activators.
  • MAP Kinases can be activated directly by dual phosphorylation at threonine and serine residues in the activation loop by upstream dual specificity protein kinases, such as MAP kinase kinases (MAPKKs or MKKs). Many proteins that are activated by phosphorylation are artificially modified into active forms by mutating the desired amino acid to a phosphoamino acid-mimicking acidic amino acid(s).
  • MAPKKs or MKKs upstream dual specificity protein kinases
  • Many proteins that are activated by phosphorylation are artificially modified into active forms by mutating the desired amino acid to a phosphoamino acid-mimicking acidic amino acid(s).
  • One of the obstacles in studying the biochemical properties of individual MAP kinase modules and their constituents is the difficulty in obtaining sufficient quantities in a purified form.
  • the other problematic area is that even after obtaining the pure form expressed as recombinant proteins in bacteria, they have to be activated in vitro using the individual components.
  • the present invention now provides a simultaneous purification and activation process for appropriately tagged p38 MAP kinase. Summary of the Invention hi one general aspect there is provided a process for the preparation of purified bisphosphorylated GST- p38 MAP Kinase.
  • the process includes adsorbing of the impure GST- p38 MAP Kinase on a GST specific column; washing the column with a phosphate buffered saline solution; loading of the tagged upstream activator and activation buffer into the column; washing of the column with phosphate buffered saline, and eluting the bisphosphorylated GST- p38 MAP Kinase off the column with one or more elution buffers.
  • the tagged upstream activator may include His-MKK6, MYC- MKK6, His-MKK3, MYC-MKK3, CBD-MKK6, CBD-MKK3, MBP-MKK6 or MBP- MKK3 changes.
  • the activation buffer may include one or more of 8-12 mM HEPES (N-2- hydroxyethylpiperazine-iV-2-ethanesulfonic acid), 8-12 mM MgCl 2 , 0.1-0.4 HiM Na 3 VO 4 , 0.02-0.05% Brij-35, 0.5-1.5 mM ATP and 0.5-2.0 mM DTT or 5-20 mM TRIS (tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane), 8-12 mM MgCl 2 , 0.1-0.4 mM Na 3 VO 4 , 0.02-0.05% Brij-35, 0.5-1.5 mM ATP and 0.5-2.0 mM DTT.
  • 8-12 mM HEPES N-2- hydroxyethylpiperazine-iV-2-ethanesulfonic acid
  • 8-12 mM MgCl 2 0.1-0.4 HiM Na 3 VO 4
  • 0.02-0.05% Brij-35 0.5-1.5 mM ATP and
  • the activation buffer may be one or more of 10 mM HEPES, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 0.2 mM Na 3 VO 4 , 0.03% Brij-35, 1 mM ATP and 1.5 mM DTT or 10 mM TRIS, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 0.2 mM Na 3 VO 4 , 0.03% Brij-35, 1 mM ATP and 1.5 mM DTT.
  • the elution buffer may include 50 mM Tris-HCl and 10 mM glutathione, 50 mM Tris-HBr andlO mM glutathione or 50 mM Tris-HI and 10 mM glutathione.
  • the elution buffer may be adjusted to pH 8.0.
  • the purity of bisphosphorylated GST- p38 MAP Kinase may be greater than about 85% to about 90%. About 75% to about 90% of the GST- p38 MAP Kinase may be bisphoshorylated.
  • Figure 1 The ELISA test revealed the activation of GST p38 MAP Kinase was from about 75% to about 90% as compared with the standard p38 MAPK.
  • Figure 2 10% SDS-PAGE gel showing the profile of bisphosphorylated GST-p38 MAPK and subsequent densitometry analysis showed purity greater than or equal to about 90%.
  • the arrow is directed to the 70 KDa marker.
  • the present invention is a unique methodology for the activation of proteins. It allows for simultaneous purification and activation in a column as a single step.
  • the activation of the protein is done by bisphosphorylation of the tagged p38 MAP Kinase with an upstream activator in the presence of a phosphate donor, such as ATP.
  • the activated p38 MAP kinase is purified to greater than or equal to about 90% purity with about 75% to 90% activation.
  • p38 MAPK was cloned as an appropriately tagged fusion protein, in this case GST, and expressed in E.coli BL21 cells as per the process described by Lisnock et. al., Biochemistry, 37 (47), 16573-81 (1998).
  • the cells were grown in 1000 ml LB medium at 37 0 C with agitation at 225 rpm until the 0.D 600 was 0.8. Expression was induced with isopropylthio-, -D-galactoside (IPTG) at a final concentration of 0.25 mM for 8 to 12 hours at 18-3O 0 C. The final cell suspension was centrifuged at 2380 g for lO min.
  • IPTG isopropylthio-, -D-galactoside
  • the upstream activator (for example, MKK6 or MKK3) was cloned as a differentially tagged (e.g. His-tag, Myc-tag, Maltose binding protein (MBP) tag, cellulose binding domain (CBD)-tag) fusion protein and expressed in E.coli M15 cells.
  • the cells were grown in 500 ml LB medium at 37 0 C with agitation at 225 rpm until the 0.D 600 was 0.8.
  • Expression was induced with isopropylthio-, -D-galactoside (IPTG) at a final concentration of 0.5 mM for 3 hours at 37 0 C.
  • IPTG isopropylthio-, -D-galactoside
  • the final cell suspension was centrifuged at 2380 g for 10 min to form a cell pellet.
  • the cell pellet was resuspended in lysis buffer, containing 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM DTT, 10% glycerol, 1% Triton-XIOO and IX protease inhibitors.
  • the mixture was freeze-thawed 4 times and was put on ice for 45 mins.
  • the suspension was then centrifuged at 35,000 rpm at 4 0 C for 30 mins. The supernatant was collected and kept aside.
  • the differentially tagged upstream activator wherein the upstream activator includes MKK6 or MMK3 and the tag includes His (Histidine), MYC protein, Maltose binding protein (MBP) or cellulose binding domain (CBD) (as per the process described by Lisnock et. al., Biochemistry 37(47), 16573-81 (1998)), was purified using an affinity column according to the manufacturer's instructions.
  • the affinity column may include a HisTrapTM, MYCtrap FF, Amylose-column or Calmodulin-binding resin column.
  • the GST-p38 MAP Kinase was loaded onto the GST column (Amersham Biosciences) with PBS (phosphate buffered saline), pH 7.3 and washed until the 0.D 280 achieved a stable base line.
  • the differentially tagged upstream activator wherein differentially tagged upstream activator is the same as defined above, was loaded along with activation buffer that includes 8-12 mM HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-JV'-2- ethanesulfonic acid), 8-12 mM MgCl 2 , 0.1-0.4 mM Na 3 VO 4 , 0.02-0.05% Brij-35, 0.5-1.5 mM ATP and 0.5-2.0 mM DTT or 5-20 mM TRIS (tris (hydroxymethyl) aminoniethane), 8-12 mM MgCl 2 , 0.1-0.4 mM Na 3 VO 4 , 0.02-0.05% Brij-35, 0.5-1.5 mM ATP
  • the ELISA results showed the activation or bis-phosphorylation of GST-p38 MAPK.
  • the assay was carried out with a commercially available kit from Biosource. CB- chromogen blank, SDB - standard dilution buffer, standard p38 MAPK (200 pg) and sequentially diluted bisphosphorylated GST-p38 MAPK.
  • the purity of the activated protein was determined by running the sample on a SDS-PAGE (10%) gel and using densitometric analysis.
  • the densitometry test revealed that GST-p38 MAP Kinase was obtained with a purity of more than about 85% to about 90%.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a single step procedure for the purification and activation of tagged p38 MAP kinase by affinity chromatography. The tagged p38 MAP kinase is expressed in E. coli and subsequently activated by using differentially tagged active upstream activators.

Description

A SINGLE STEP PROCEDURE FOR THE PURIFICATION AND ACTIVATION OF TAGGED P38 MAP KINASE
Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention provides a single step procedure for the purification and activation of tagged p38 MAP kinase by affinity chromatography. The tagged p38 MAP kinase is expressed in E. coli and subsequently activated by using differentially tagged active upstream activators.
Background of the Invention
MAP Kinases (MAPKs) can be activated directly by dual phosphorylation at threonine and serine residues in the activation loop by upstream dual specificity protein kinases, such as MAP kinase kinases (MAPKKs or MKKs). Many proteins that are activated by phosphorylation are artificially modified into active forms by mutating the desired amino acid to a phosphoamino acid-mimicking acidic amino acid(s). One of the obstacles in studying the biochemical properties of individual MAP kinase modules and their constituents is the difficulty in obtaining sufficient quantities in a purified form.
The other problematic area is that even after obtaining the pure form expressed as recombinant proteins in bacteria, they have to be activated in vitro using the individual components. The present invention now provides a simultaneous purification and activation process for appropriately tagged p38 MAP kinase. Summary of the Invention hi one general aspect there is provided a process for the preparation of purified bisphosphorylated GST- p38 MAP Kinase. The process includes adsorbing of the impure GST- p38 MAP Kinase on a GST specific column; washing the column with a phosphate buffered saline solution; loading of the tagged upstream activator and activation buffer into the column; washing of the column with phosphate buffered saline, and eluting the bisphosphorylated GST- p38 MAP Kinase off the column with one or more elution buffers.
Embodiments of the present invention may include one or more of the following features. For example, the tagged upstream activator may include His-MKK6, MYC- MKK6, His-MKK3, MYC-MKK3, CBD-MKK6, CBD-MKK3, MBP-MKK6 or MBP- MKK3 changes. The activation buffer may include one or more of 8-12 mM HEPES (N-2- hydroxyethylpiperazine-iV-2-ethanesulfonic acid), 8-12 mM MgCl2, 0.1-0.4 HiM Na3VO4, 0.02-0.05% Brij-35, 0.5-1.5 mM ATP and 0.5-2.0 mM DTT or 5-20 mM TRIS (tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane), 8-12 mM MgCl2, 0.1-0.4 mM Na3VO4, 0.02-0.05% Brij-35, 0.5-1.5 mM ATP and 0.5-2.0 mM DTT. The activation buffer may be one or more of 10 mM HEPES, 10 mM MgCl2, 0.2 mM Na3VO4, 0.03% Brij-35, 1 mM ATP and 1.5 mM DTT or 10 mM TRIS, 10 mM MgCl2, 0.2 mM Na3VO4, 0.03% Brij-35, 1 mM ATP and 1.5 mM DTT.
The elution buffer may include 50 mM Tris-HCl and 10 mM glutathione, 50 mM Tris-HBr andlO mM glutathione or 50 mM Tris-HI and 10 mM glutathione. The elution buffer may be adjusted to pH 8.0.
The purity of bisphosphorylated GST- p38 MAP Kinase may be greater than about 85% to about 90%. About 75% to about 90% of the GST- p38 MAP Kinase may be bisphoshorylated. Detailed Description of the Figures
Figure 1: The ELISA test revealed the activation of GST p38 MAP Kinase was from about 75% to about 90% as compared with the standard p38 MAPK.
Figure 2: 10% SDS-PAGE gel showing the profile of bisphosphorylated GST-p38 MAPK and subsequent densitometry analysis showed purity greater than or equal to about 90%. The arrow is directed to the 70 KDa marker.
Detailed Description of the Invention
The present invention is a unique methodology for the activation of proteins. It allows for simultaneous purification and activation in a column as a single step. The activation of the protein is done by bisphosphorylation of the tagged p38 MAP Kinase with an upstream activator in the presence of a phosphate donor, such as ATP. The activated p38 MAP kinase is purified to greater than or equal to about 90% purity with about 75% to 90% activation.p38 MAPK was cloned as an appropriately tagged fusion protein, in this case GST, and expressed in E.coli BL21 cells as per the process described by Lisnock et. al., Biochemistry, 37 (47), 16573-81 (1998). The cells were grown in 1000 ml LB medium at 370C with agitation at 225 rpm until the 0.D600 was 0.8. Expression was induced with isopropylthio-, -D-galactoside (IPTG) at a final concentration of 0.25 mM for 8 to 12 hours at 18-3O0C. The final cell suspension was centrifuged at 2380 g for lO min.
The upstream activator (for example, MKK6 or MKK3) was cloned as a differentially tagged (e.g. His-tag, Myc-tag, Maltose binding protein (MBP) tag, cellulose binding domain (CBD)-tag) fusion protein and expressed in E.coli M15 cells. The cells were grown in 500 ml LB medium at 370C with agitation at 225 rpm until the 0.D600 was 0.8. Expression was induced with isopropylthio-, -D-galactoside (IPTG) at a final concentration of 0.5 mM for 3 hours at 370C. The final cell suspension was centrifuged at 2380 g for 10 min to form a cell pellet.
Cell Lysis and Solubilization
The cell pellet was resuspended in lysis buffer, containing 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM DTT, 10% glycerol, 1% Triton-XIOO and IX protease inhibitors. The mixture was freeze-thawed 4 times and was put on ice for 45 mins. The suspension was then centrifuged at 35,000 rpm at 40C for 30 mins. The supernatant was collected and kept aside.
Affinity Chromatography and Activation
The differentially tagged upstream activator, wherein the upstream activator includes MKK6 or MMK3 and the tag includes His (Histidine), MYC protein, Maltose binding protein (MBP) or cellulose binding domain (CBD) (as per the process described by Lisnock et. al., Biochemistry 37(47), 16573-81 (1998)), was purified using an affinity column according to the manufacturer's instructions. The affinity column may include a HisTrap™, MYCtrap FF, Amylose-column or Calmodulin-binding resin column.
The GST-p38 MAP Kinase was loaded onto the GST column (Amersham Biosciences) with PBS (phosphate buffered saline), pH 7.3 and washed until the 0.D280 achieved a stable base line. Next, the differentially tagged upstream activator, wherein differentially tagged upstream activator is the same as defined above, was loaded along with activation buffer that includes 8-12 mM HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-JV'-2- ethanesulfonic acid), 8-12 mM MgCl2, 0.1-0.4 mM Na3VO4, 0.02-0.05% Brij-35, 0.5-1.5 mM ATP and 0.5-2.0 mM DTT or 5-20 mM TRIS (tris (hydroxymethyl) aminoniethane), 8-12 mM MgCl2, 0.1-0.4 mM Na3VO4, 0.02-0.05% Brij-35, 0.5-1.5 mM ATP and 0.5-2.0 niM DTT and incubated between 15-3O0C for 5-18 hrs. The tagged GST-p38 MAPK was eluted with elution buffer that includes 50 mM Tris-HCl, 10 mM glutathione, pH 8.0.
An ELISA was performed to determine whether the p38 MAP Kinase was phosphorylated. The ELISA was run using the commercial Biosource ELISA kit and protocol. The total protein was estimated by the Bradford protein estimation method (Bio- Rad). The ELISA test revealed the activation of GST ρ38 MAP Kinase was from about 75% to about 90%, which is shown in Fig. 1 as compared with standard p38 MAPK:
The ELISA results showed the activation or bis-phosphorylation of GST-p38 MAPK. The assay was carried out with a commercially available kit from Biosource. CB- chromogen blank, SDB - standard dilution buffer, standard p38 MAPK (200 pg) and sequentially diluted bisphosphorylated GST-p38 MAPK.
As seen in Fig. 2, the purity of the activated protein was determined by running the sample on a SDS-PAGE (10%) gel and using densitometric analysis. The densitometry test revealed that GST-p38 MAP Kinase was obtained with a purity of more than about 85% to about 90%.
While the present invention has been described in terms of its specific embodiments, certain modifications and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

We claim: 1. A process for the preparation of purified bisphosphorylated GST- p38 MAP Kinase, the process comprising: a) adsorbing of the impure GST- p38 MAP Kinase on a GST specific column, b) washing the column with a phosphate buffered saline solution, c) loading of the tagged upstream activator and activation buffer into the column, d) washing of column with phosphate buffered saline, and e) eluting the bisphosphorylated GS T- p38 MAP Kinase off the column with one or more elution buffers. 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the tagged upstream activator comprises His-MKK6, MYC-MKK6, His-MKK3, MYC-MKK3, CBD-MKK6, CBD-MKK3, MBP-MKK6 or MBP-MKK3 changes. 3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the activation buffer comprises one or more of 8-12 mM HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-iV-2-ethanesulfonic acid), 8-12 mM MgCl2, 0.1-0.4 mM Na3VO4, 0.02-0.05% Brij-35, 0.5-1.5 mM ATP and 0.5-2.0 mM DTT or 5-20 mM TRIS (tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane), 8-12 mM MgCl2, 0.1-0.4 mM Na3VO4, 0.02-0.05% Brij-35, 0.5-1.5 mM ATP and 0.5- 2.0 mM DTT. 4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the activation buffer comprises one or more of 10 mM HEPES, 10 mM MgCl2, 0.2 mM Na3VO4, 0.03% Brij-35, 1 mM ATP and 1.5 mM DTT or 10 mM TPJS, 10 mM MgCl2, 0.2 mM Na3VO4, 0.03% Brij-35, 1 mM ATP and 1.5 mM DTT. 5. The process according to claim 1, wherein the elution buffer comprise 50 mM Tris-HCl andlO mM glutathione, 50 mM Tris-HBr andlO mM glutathione or 50 mM Tris-HI and 10 mM glutathione. 6. The process according to claim 1, wherein the elution buffer is adjusted to pH 8.0. 7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the purity of bisphosphorylated GST- p38 MAP Kinase is greater than about 85% to about 90%. 8. A process according to claim 1, wherein about 75% to about 90% of the GST- p38 MAP Kinase is bisphoshorylated.
PCT/IB2005/003462 2004-11-19 2005-11-19 A single step procedure for the purification and activation of tagged p38 map kinase Ceased WO2006054164A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN2330/DEL/2004 2004-11-19
IN2330DE2004 2004-11-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006054164A2 true WO2006054164A2 (en) 2006-05-26
WO2006054164A3 WO2006054164A3 (en) 2006-07-13
WO2006054164B1 WO2006054164B1 (en) 2006-10-26

Family

ID=36113915

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2005/003462 Ceased WO2006054164A2 (en) 2004-11-19 2005-11-19 A single step procedure for the purification and activation of tagged p38 map kinase

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2006054164A2 (en)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6136596A (en) * 1995-05-19 2000-10-24 University Of Massachusetts Cytokine-, stress-, and oncoprotein-activated human protein kinase kinases
US6387641B1 (en) * 1998-12-16 2002-05-14 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Crystallized P38 complexes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2006054164A3 (en) 2006-07-13
WO2006054164B1 (en) 2006-10-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Leibersperger et al. Purification and characterization of a calcium-unresponsive, phorbol ester/phospholipid-activated protein kinase from porcine spleen.
Reimann et al. Separation of regulatory and catalytic subunits of the cyclic 3′, 5′-adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (s) of rabbit skeletal muscle
Klumpp et al. ATP-citrate lyase as a substrate of protein histidine phosphatase in vertebrates
Kowalska et al. Vacuolar and cytosolic cytokinin dehydrogenases of Arabidopsis thaliana: heterologous expression, purification and properties
Enami et al. Protein phosphorylation in Escherichia coli and purification of a protein kinase.
Smith et al. Lack of evidence for phosphorylation of Arabidopsis thaliana PII: implications for plastid carbon and nitrogen signaling
Kaweewan et al. Heterologous expression of a cryptic gene cluster from Marinomonas fungiae affords a novel tricyclic peptide marinomonasin
Lazarus et al. Discovery of new substrates of the elongation factor-2 kinase suggests a broader role in the cellular nutrient response
Carroll et al. The inhibitor protein IF1 from mammalian mitochondria inhibits ATP hydrolysis but not ATP synthesis by the ATP synthase complex
Kitamura et al. Purification and characterization of myocardial fructose-6-phosphate, 2-kinase and fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase.
Dong et al. Partial purification and biochemical characterization of a heteromeric protein phosphatase 2A holoenzyme from maize (Zea mays L.) leaves that dephosphorylates C4 phospho enol pyruvate carboxylase
Sheppard et al. Characterization of an endoplasmic reticulum-associated silaffin kinase from the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana
Nedeva et al. Purification and partial characterization of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase from Kluyveromyces marxianus yeast
WO2006054164A2 (en) A single step procedure for the purification and activation of tagged p38 map kinase
Ida et al. Structure of Bacillus subtilis γ-glutamyltranspeptidase in complex with acivicin: diversity of the binding mode of a classical and electrophilic active-site-directed glutamate analogue
Lang et al. How Clavulanic Acid Inhibits Serine β‐Lactamases
Moudrianakis et al. Synthesis of bound adenosine triphosphate from bound adenosine diphosphate by the purified coupling factor 1 of chloroplasts. Evidence for direct involvement of the coupling factor in this" adenylate kinase-like" reaction
Davies et al. Purification and properties of a high specific activity protein kinase from wheat germ
Rima et al. Identification of L-amino acid oxidase (Mb-LAAO) with antibacterial activity in the venom of Montivipera bornmuelleri, a viper from Lebanon
Okuno et al. Studies on the substrate specificity of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase α
Tomono et al. Self-activation of serine/threonine kinase AfsK on autophosphorylation at threonine-168
Irmler et al. Induction of OS-2 phosphorylation in Neurospora crassa by treatment with phenylpyrrole fungicides and osmotic stress
Olsen et al. BID, an interaction partner of protein kinase CK2α.
Chiesi et al. Phospholamban of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum consists of two functionally distinct proteolipids
Arrio-Dupont et al. Compared properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from dark-and light-adapted Sorghum leaves: use of a rapid purification technique by immunochromatography

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KM KN KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV LY MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NG NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 05824119

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2