WO2005115623A1 - Nanocannula - Google Patents
Nanocannula Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005115623A1 WO2005115623A1 PCT/EP2005/004437 EP2005004437W WO2005115623A1 WO 2005115623 A1 WO2005115623 A1 WO 2005115623A1 EP 2005004437 W EP2005004437 W EP 2005004437W WO 2005115623 A1 WO2005115623 A1 WO 2005115623A1
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- Prior art keywords
- nanotube
- carrier film
- cannula
- nano
- instrument
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/02—Burettes; Pipettes
- B01L3/0275—Interchangeable or disposable dispensing tips
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
- A61M2037/003—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles having a lumen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
- B01L2200/02—Adapting objects or devices to another
- B01L2200/023—Adapting objects or devices to another adapted for different sizes of tubes, tips or container
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0896—Nanoscaled
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cannula for an injection and / or an extraction instrument, in particular for a syringe or for a pipette, the instrument having a hollow needle and an adapter sealingly enclosing the hollow needle, and the adapter being designed such that it is for the purpose the holder interacts with corresponding receiving means of the instrument.
- Such cannulas are traditionally known from medical practice and research, the dimensions of which are adapted to the respective application.
- metal hollow needles of macroscopic dimensions are known to be used, which are placed, for example, on a piston syringe.
- Hollow needles are also known for microscopic applications, most of which are drawn from glass and the tip of which has a diameter of a few micrometers. In extreme cases, even tips with a diameter of less than 0.1 micrometer can be manufactured with great effort.
- Such micro-needles can be used for the targeted injection or removal of cell material as long as the biological objects, such as large ones Bacteria or oocytes that are larger than one and in particular several micrometers in size. Most bacteria and especially viruses are too small for such treatments.
- the invention now has the task of creating a nano-cannula that can be manufactured easily and inexpensively in large quantities with relatively little technical effort and that is robust enough for use as a nano-syringe, nano-pipette, nano- Tweezers or nano-drills. It is also an object of the invention to provide a method for producing such nano-cannulas that can be implemented simply and with inexpensive means.
- the invention achieves the stated object in comparison to the cited prior art on the basis of another basic idea.
- the principle of the macro cannula as it is known from medical applications is applied in the nano dimension simulated.
- two different individual parts namely (at least) a nano-hollow needle and a nano-adapter sealingly surrounding the hollow needle (s), are combined to form the nano-cannula.
- a nanotube with an outer diameter of less than 100 nm and an inner diameter of less than 80 nm is used as the hollow needle.
- such a nanotube is firmly inserted into a carrier film over a defined length, namely the length of the holding section, the carrier film forming the adapter.
- the length of the holding section results from how deep the nanotube is in the carrier film.
- the thickness of the carrier film is chosen to be less than about 100 micrometers, in particular less than 50 micrometers.
- the nanotube protrudes from the carrier film (adapter). The part protruding from the carrier film thus defines a section “effective” for penetration into a microstructure, at the end of which the tip is located.
- the length of the nano-tubes will be adapted to the thickness of the carrier film (or vice versa) and can be up to 1 mm.
- nano-cannulas With the nano-cannulas according to the invention, it is possible to withdraw or inject liquid or gas in minimal quantities from an object, for example an individual cell or a collection of cells, such as those found in tissue, for example. Because of their small size and mass, however, direct handling of the nano cannulas is not possible. Therefore, it is advantageous to maneuver them with a microscopic positioning system as is commercially available. These positioning systems are known for the handling of micro pipettes and, as will be described below, can be modified for use with nano-cannulas. With these systems, nano-cannulas can then also be attached to moving target objects such as cells, proteins or DNA. This enables an accurate and targeted delivery and / or extraction of substances.
- an object for example an individual cell or a collection of cells, such as those found in tissue, for example. Because of their small size and mass, however, direct handling of the nano cannulas is not possible. Therefore, it is advantageous to maneuver them with a microscopic positioning system as is commercially
- the invention ultimately relates to a component of an injection device which has a single hollow nanoneedle or an entire arrangement of hollow nanoneedles, the nanoneedles being formed in particular by carbon nanotubes.
- the device also has a holder designed as an adapter, which holds the one nanotube or the plurality of nanotubes arranged approximately in parallel.
- the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for the construction of nano-pipettes, nano-syringes or nano-drills, with which cells, membranes, proteins or the like react extremely sensitively to mechanical damage and to the volume of the injectate Structures that can be applied.
- the concept according to the invention has a number of advantages.
- One major advantage is that it is now possible to manufacture large numbers of nano-cannulas with little technical effort.
- the cannulas can be adapted to the intended use by appropriate choice of materials and by adjusting the dimensions of the individual parts.
- the invention succeeds in developing a nanodimensional device which does not damage the target object when the cannula penetrates and which enables the injection of both small and large molecules, including nanoparticles and proteins. This device is of great diagnostic and therapeutic interest in biological and medical research and offers the possibility of manipulation on the smallest scale.
- nanotubes made from carbon have improved tensile strength and bending elasticity, which is higher than is known from conventional carbon fibers. Such are also nanotubes even more resistant to oxidation than all other carbon modifications and can therefore be used at higher temperatures.
- the nanotube In order to be able to guarantee secure continuity with high stability, it is advantageous if the nanotube completely penetrates the carrier film.
- the length of the holding section corresponds to the thickness of the carrier film.
- training There are two types of training, which should be preferred depending on the area of application and which differ in the way they are manufactured.
- the nanotube opens into the plane of the surface of the carrier film facing the instrument. In other words, the nanotube only protrudes from the film with the effective section.
- the holding section extends from the base of the nanotube by the thickness of the carrier film up to the tip of the nanotube.
- nano-cannula is particularly preferred for injection instruments, since with these nano-cannulas it is possible to completely empty the instrument because there are no dead spaces.
- manufacturing requires an additional manufacturing step. In this form, the nanotube extends beyond the plane of the surface of the carrier film facing the instrument.
- the tools equipped with the nano-cannula according to the invention can be used several times. The possibility of easy cleaning of the cannula must be provided for this.
- the nano-cannulas are disposable items that are discarded after use.
- Chip technology is an advantageous area of application for the tools equipped with the nano-needles. There, the tools can be used in particular as manipulators. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. Show it:
- FIG. 1 different types of nano cannulas with an angular adapter
- FIG. 2 shows a nano cannula with a round adapter
- Figure 4 shows a method for producing a nano-cannula.
- Figure 1 shows nano-cannulas that can be placed on a corresponding nano-syringe or a nano-pipette.
- the cannulas consist essentially of two parts. So they have one or more hollow needles formed by carbon nanotubes 1.
- the nanotubes 1 are sealed by an adapter, which in this case is formed by a carrier film 2 which is rectangular in this case. They have an outer diameter of approximately 50 nm and an inner diameter of approximately 30 nm.
- the carrier film 2 has a thickness S of approximately 10 micrometers.
- the dimensions shown in the figures are not to scale. This applies in particular to the edge length of the carrier film 2, which can ultimately have any dimensions up to the order of centimeters.
- the carrier film 2 is a polymer film, the angular contour of which is cut after production. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the correspondingly contoured adapter 2 adapts to receiving means of the micro pipette of a positioning system.
- the nanotubes 1 penetrate the carrier film 2 completely and protrude from the carrier film 2 on both sides to a certain extent. Since the nanotubes 1 are held over the entire layer thickness of the carrier film 2, the thickness S of the carrier film 2 also corresponds to the length of the holding section.
- Each nanotube 1 has an effective section 3, which is closed by a tip 4.
- the effective section 3 can be used to act on a target structure. It is possible to let the nanotubes into the carrier film 2 at an angle or to incline the effective section 3 relative to the surface of the carrier film 2.
- FIG. 1 shows under a) a cannula with only one nanotube 1, which is suitable for the targeted application of a target structure.
- the respective carrier film 2 is “peppered” with two or with a multiplicity of nanotubes 1 arranged in parallel, only four tubes being shown under c).
- the distance A between the individual tubes corresponds approximately to the distance between individual eukaryotic ones Cells, in particular between 10 and 100 micrometers, of a cell cluster to be loaded with the instrument,
- Figure 2 shows a nano-cannula with only one nanotube 1, which is inserted into a carrier film 2 cut into a circle.
- the nanotubes can be made from any material, in particular from polymer, inorganic material, such as semiconductors or silica, from metal or from carbon.
- the walls of the nanotubes can be made hydrophilic or hydrophobic depending on their use. They can even be provided with biological markers and / or nano objects.
- FIG. 3 shows the end of a “macroscopic” pipette 5, which has a diameter of approximately 10 micrometers.
- the pipette 5 is drawn from glass by a known method and is maneuvered by a positioning system (not shown).
- a positioning system not shown.
- the tip of the pipette 5 the an injection solution 6 is filled, there is a shoulder 7 which serves as a receptacle for a nano-cannula 8, the carrier film 9 of the nano-cannula 8 being cut into a corresponding diameter, in which case the nano-cannula 8 is in the Recording 7 glued in for sealing.
- FIG. 4 shows the method for producing a nano-cannula in the three steps ac.
- a template is produced, which is formed by a nano-tube 11 grown on a base 10.
- a separating layer 12 made of soluble polymer is applied to this template and cured.
- the separation layer 12 is dissolved in a last step, so that the nano-cannula 14 remains.
- the soil is cut or peeled from the solidified polymer
- This separation can be carried out in the manner of a microtome cut, it being advantageous to further harden the polymer 12 by freezing before making the cut.
- the tube at the base area is cut through and thus opened on one side from below.
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Abstract
Description
Nano-KanüleNano-cannula
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Kanüle für ein Injektions- und/oder ein Extraktionsinstrument, insbesondere für eine Spritze oder für eine Pipette, wobei das Instrument eine Hohlnadel und eine die Hohlnadel dichtend einfassenden Adapter aufweist und wobei der Adapter derart beschaffen ist, dass er zum Zwecke der Halterung mit entsprechenden Aufnahmemitteln des Instrumentes zusammenwirkt.The present invention relates to a cannula for an injection and / or an extraction instrument, in particular for a syringe or for a pipette, the instrument having a hollow needle and an adapter sealingly enclosing the hollow needle, and the adapter being designed such that it is for the purpose the holder interacts with corresponding receiving means of the instrument.
Solche Kanülen sind traditionell aus der medizinischen Praxis und Forschung bekannt, wobei deren Abmessungen der jeweiligen Anwendung angepasst sind. So werden für die Injektion von Fluiden in den Körper oder die Extraktion aus dem Körper bekanntermaßen metallene Hohlnadeln makroskopischer Dimensionen benutzt, die beispielsweise auf eine Kolbenspritze aufgesetzt werden. Auch für mikroskopische Anwendungen sind Hohlnadeln bekannt, die meist aus Glas gezogen sind und deren Spitze einen Durchmesser von wenigen Mikrometern aufweist. Im Extremfall können unter großem Aufwand sogar Spitzen mit einem Durchmesser von weniger als 0,1 Mikrometer gefertigt werden. Derartige MikroKanülen können für die gezielte Injektion oder Entnahme von Zellmaterial eingesetzt werden, solange die biologischen Objekte, wie beispielsweise große Bakterien oder Eizellen, eine Größe von mehr als einem und insbesondere von mehreren Mikrometern haben. Die meisten Bakterien und vor allem Viren sind für derartige Behandlungen jedoch zu klein.Such cannulas are traditionally known from medical practice and research, the dimensions of which are adapted to the respective application. For the injection of fluids into the body or the extraction from the body, metal hollow needles of macroscopic dimensions are known to be used, which are placed, for example, on a piston syringe. Hollow needles are also known for microscopic applications, most of which are drawn from glass and the tip of which has a diameter of a few micrometers. In extreme cases, even tips with a diameter of less than 0.1 micrometer can be manufactured with great effort. Such micro-needles can be used for the targeted injection or removal of cell material as long as the biological objects, such as large ones Bacteria or oocytes that are larger than one and in particular several micrometers in size. Most bacteria and especially viruses are too small for such treatments.
Zwar ist es aus der US 2004/0063100 A1 bekannt, Halter („Chips") mit einer Vielzahl von Nano-Hohlnadeln herzustellen, über die ein gewisser Zugang in die Welt der Makromoleküle möglich ist. Doch ist die Art der Herstellung höchst komplex und für die massenhafte Fertigung nicht tauglich. So wird im Rahmen der Fertigung mittels eines Ätzprozesses zunächst eine Negativform mit Nano-Stiften geschaffen, die nachfolgend als Ganzes mit einem Material ummantelt wird, bevor der Formkörper entfernt wird. Nach dem Abschneiden der Bodenfläche und der Nadelspitzen entsteht ein einteiliger Chip, von dessen Basis eine Vielzahl von Nano-Hohlnadeln aufragen. Diese bieten jedoch keine ausreichende Stabilität, um die Hülle widerstandsfähigerer Strukturen zu durchdringen. Insbesondere geht aus dem Dokument hervor, dass die dort offenbarten Chips mit Nano-Hohlnadeln für die Ergreifung und Bewegung kleinster Organellen verwendet werden.Although it is known from US 2004/0063100 A1 to produce holders (“chips”) with a large number of nano-hollow needles, via which a certain access to the world of macromolecules is possible, the type of production is highly complex and for The mass production is not suitable, so the manufacturing process uses an etching process to create a negative mold with nano-pins, which is then encased as a whole with a material before the molded body is removed one-piece chip with a multitude of hollow nano-needles protruding from the base, but these do not offer sufficient stability to penetrate the sheath of more resistant structures. In particular, the document shows that the nano-hollow chip chips disclosed there for gripping and movement smallest organelles can be used.
Die Erfindung macht es sich nunmehr zur Aufgabe, eine Nano-Kanüle zu schaffen, die sich mit verhältnismäßig geringem technischem Aufwand einfach und kostengünstig in großen Mengen herstellen lässt und die robust genug ist für den Einsatz als Nano-Spritze, Nano-Pipette, Nano-Pinzette oder Nano-Bohrer. Gleichfalls ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Nano-Kanülen zu schaffen, das sich einfach und mit kostengünstigen Mittel umsetzen lässt.The invention now has the task of creating a nano-cannula that can be manufactured easily and inexpensively in large quantities with relatively little technical effort and that is robust enough for use as a nano-syringe, nano-pipette, nano- Tweezers or nano-drills. It is also an object of the invention to provide a method for producing such nano-cannulas that can be implemented simply and with inexpensive means.
Diese Aufgaben werden durch die Kanüle mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruch 1 und das Verfahren nach Anspruch 10 gelöst. Die jeweiligen Unteransprüche beinhalten besondere Ausführungsformen der Erfindung.These objects are achieved by the cannula with the characterizing features of claim 1 and the method according to claim 10. The respective subclaims contain particular embodiments of the invention.
Aus dem Wortlaut der Ansprüche ist ersichtlich, dass die Erfindung die genannte Aufgabe im Vergleich zum zitierten Stand der Technik unter Zugrundelegung eines anderen Grundgedankens löst. Danach wird das Prinzip der Makro-Kanüle wie sie aus der medizinischen Anwendung bekannt ist, in der nano-Dimension nachgebildet. Erfindungsgemäß werden dazu zwei verschiedene Einzelteile, nämlich (mindestens) eine Nano-Hohlnadel und ein die Hohlnadel(n) dichtend umgebende Nano-Adapter, zu der Nano-Kanüle zusammengefügt. Als Hohlnadel wird ein Nanorohrchen mit einem Außendurchmesser von weniger als 100 nm und einem Innendurchmesser von weniger als 80 nm eingesetzt. Dabei ist aus diesen Zahlen ersichtlich, in welcher Größenordnung sich die Erfindung bewegt. Die Fertigung von Hohlnadeln mit derartigen Dimensionen ist prinzipiell aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Ein solches Nanorohrchen wird erfindungsgemäß über eine definierte Länge, nämlich die Länge des Halteabschnitts, fest in eine Trägerfolie eingesteckt, wobei die Trägerfolie den Adapter bildet. Die Länge des Halteabschnitts ergibt sich daraus, wie tief das Nanorohrchen in der Trägerfolie steckt. Erfindungsgemäß wird die Stärke der Trägerfolie kleiner als etwa 100 Mikrometer, insbesondere kleiner als 50 Mikrometer, gewählt. Wie auch von den Kanülen manuell bedienbarer Kolbenspritzen bekannt, ragt das Nanorohrchen, aus der Trägerfolie (Adapter) heraus. Der aus der Trägerfolie herausragende Teil definiert damit einen für das Eindringen in eine Mikrostruktur„effektiven" Abschnitt, an dessen Ende sich die Spitze befindet. Die Länge der Nano-Röhrchen wird der Stärke der Trägerfolie angepasst sein (oder umgekehrt) und kann bis zu 1 mm betragen.It can be seen from the wording of the claims that the invention achieves the stated object in comparison to the cited prior art on the basis of another basic idea. Afterwards, the principle of the macro cannula as it is known from medical applications is applied in the nano dimension simulated. According to the invention, two different individual parts, namely (at least) a nano-hollow needle and a nano-adapter sealingly surrounding the hollow needle (s), are combined to form the nano-cannula. A nanotube with an outer diameter of less than 100 nm and an inner diameter of less than 80 nm is used as the hollow needle. These figures show the order of magnitude of the invention. The production of hollow needles with such dimensions is known in principle from the prior art. According to the invention, such a nanotube is firmly inserted into a carrier film over a defined length, namely the length of the holding section, the carrier film forming the adapter. The length of the holding section results from how deep the nanotube is in the carrier film. According to the invention, the thickness of the carrier film is chosen to be less than about 100 micrometers, in particular less than 50 micrometers. As is also known from the cannulas of manually operated plunger syringes, the nanotube protrudes from the carrier film (adapter). The part protruding from the carrier film thus defines a section “effective” for penetration into a microstructure, at the end of which the tip is located. The length of the nano-tubes will be adapted to the thickness of the carrier film (or vice versa) and can be up to 1 mm.
Mit den erfindungsgemäßen Nano-Kanülen ist es möglich, einem Objekt, beispielsweise einer einzelnen Zelle oder einer Ansammlungen von Zellen, wie sie beispielsweise in Gewebe vorkommen, Flüssigkeit oder Gas in minimalen Mengen zu entnehmen oder zu injizieren. Wegen ihrer geringen Dimension und Masse ist jedoch eine unmittelbare Handhabung der Nano-Känulen nicht möglich. Daher ist es vorteilhaft, sie mit einem mikroskopischen Positionierungssystem, wie es kommerziell erhältlich ist, zu manövrieren. Diese Positionierungssysteme sind für die Handhabung von Mikro-Pipetten bekannt und können, wie sie nachfolgend noch beschrieben wird, für den Einsatz mit Nano-Kanülen modifiziert werden. Mit diesen Systemen können Nano-Kanülen dann auch auf bewegliche Zielobjekte, wie Zellen, Proteine oder DNS, angesetzt werden. Damit ist einen genaue und zielgerichtete Abgabe und/oder Extrahierung von Substanzen möglich. Mit den Nano-Kanülen bezieht sich die Erfindung letztendlich auf einen Bestandteil einer Injektionsvorrichtung, der eine einzelne hohle Nanonadel oder einer ganze Anordnung von hohlen Nanonadeln aufweist, wobei die Nanonadeln insbesondere von Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhrchen gebildet werden. Mit der Trägerfolie weist die Vorrichtung zudem eine als Adapter ausgebildete Halterung auf, die das eine Nanorohrchen oder die Vielzahl etwa paralell angeordneter Nanorohrchen zusammenhält. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung eignet sich, wie schon dargelegt, insbesondere für den Bau von Nano-Pipetten, Nano-Spritzen oder Nano-Bohrern, mit denen beispielsweise Zellen, Membranen, Proteine oder ähnliche, gegenüber mechanischer Beschädigung und gegenüber dem Volumen des Injektats äusserst empfindlich reagierende Strukturen, beaufschlagt werden können.With the nano-cannulas according to the invention, it is possible to withdraw or inject liquid or gas in minimal quantities from an object, for example an individual cell or a collection of cells, such as those found in tissue, for example. Because of their small size and mass, however, direct handling of the nano cannulas is not possible. Therefore, it is advantageous to maneuver them with a microscopic positioning system as is commercially available. These positioning systems are known for the handling of micro pipettes and, as will be described below, can be modified for use with nano-cannulas. With these systems, nano-cannulas can then also be attached to moving target objects such as cells, proteins or DNA. This enables an accurate and targeted delivery and / or extraction of substances. With the nano-needles, the invention ultimately relates to a component of an injection device which has a single hollow nanoneedle or an entire arrangement of hollow nanoneedles, the nanoneedles being formed in particular by carbon nanotubes. With the carrier film, the device also has a holder designed as an adapter, which holds the one nanotube or the plurality of nanotubes arranged approximately in parallel. As already explained, the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for the construction of nano-pipettes, nano-syringes or nano-drills, with which cells, membranes, proteins or the like react extremely sensitively to mechanical damage and to the volume of the injectate Structures that can be applied.
Das erfindungegemäße Konzept geht mit einer Reihe von Vorteilen einher. So liegt ein wesentlicher Vorteil zunächst darin, dass es nun möglich ist, Nano- Kanülen in großer Stückzahl mit geringem technischen Aufwand zu fertigen. Dabei können die Kanülen durch entsprechende Wahl der Materialien und durch Anpassung der Dimensionen der Einzelteile an den vorgesehenen Einsatzzweck angepasst werden. Wie schon dargelegt, gelingt mit der Erfindung die Entwicklung einer nanodimensionierten Vorrichtung, die das Zielobjekt beim Eindringen der Kanüle nicht schädigt und die das Einspritzen sowohl kleiner als auch grosser Moleküle, einschließlich von Nanopartikeln und Proteinen, ermöglicht. Diese Vorrichtung ist in der biologischen und medizinischen Forschung von großem diagnostischen und therapeutischen Interesse und bietet die Möglichkeit, Manipulationen im kleinsten Maßstab vorzunehmen.The concept according to the invention has a number of advantages. One major advantage is that it is now possible to manufacture large numbers of nano-cannulas with little technical effort. The cannulas can be adapted to the intended use by appropriate choice of materials and by adjusting the dimensions of the individual parts. As already explained, the invention succeeds in developing a nanodimensional device which does not damage the target object when the cannula penetrates and which enables the injection of both small and large molecules, including nanoparticles and proteins. This device is of great diagnostic and therapeutic interest in biological and medical research and offers the possibility of manipulation on the smallest scale.
Ein weiterer wesentlicher Gesichtspunkt der Erfindung ist die chemische und mechanische Stabilität der Nano-Kanülen gegenüber mechanischer Deformation, dem möglichen mikrobiellem Abbau sowie der Bildung von Biofilmen an der Oberfläche. Dabei weisen insbesondere aus Kohlenstoff gefertigte Nanorohrchen eine verbesserte Zugfestigkeit und Biege-Elastizität auf, die höher ist, als es von herkömmlichen Kohlenstofffasern bekannt ist. Zudem sind solche Nanorohrchen noch beständiger gegen Oxidation als alle andere Kohlenstoffmodifikationen und damit bei höheren Temperaturen einsetzbar.Another important aspect of the invention is the chemical and mechanical stability of the nano-cannulas against mechanical deformation, the possible microbial degradation and the formation of biofilms on the surface. In particular, nanotubes made from carbon have improved tensile strength and bending elasticity, which is higher than is known from conventional carbon fibers. Such are also nanotubes even more resistant to oxidation than all other carbon modifications and can therefore be used at higher temperatures.
Erfindungsgemäß sind mehre Konzepte denkbar, wie und vor allem wieweit das Nano-Röhrchen in das Material der Trägerfolie eingesteckt wird. Um eine sichere Durchgängigkeit bei hoher Stabilität garantieren zu können, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn das Nanorohrchen die Trägerfolie vollständig durchdringt. In diesem Fall entspricht die Länge des Halteabschnitts der Stärke der Trägerfolie. Dabei gibt es zwei Ausbildungsformen, die je nach Einsatzgebiet jeweils zu bevorzugen sind und die sich in der Art ihrer Herstellung unterscheiden. In der ersten Form mündet das Nanorohrchen in der Ebene der dem Instrument zugewandten Oberfläche der Trägerfolie. Anders ausgedrückt, ragt das Nanorohrchen nur mit dem effektiven Abschnitt aus der Folie heraus. Entsprechend erstreckt sich der Halteabschnitt vom Fuß des Nanorohrchen ausgehend um die Stärke der Trägerfolie nach oben zur Spitze des Nanoröhrchens. Diese Form von Nano-Kanülen ist vor allem für Injektionsinstrumente zu bevorzugen, da mit diesen Nano-Kanülen eine vollständige Entleerung des Instruments möglich ist, da keine Toträume vorhanden sind. Allerdings bedarf die Herstellung im Vergleich zu der zweiten Ausbildungsform eines zusätzlichen Fertigungsschrittes. Nach dieser Form ragt das Nanorohrchen über die Ebene der dem Instrument zugewandten Oberfläche der Trägerfolie hinaus.According to the invention, several concepts are conceivable as to how and above all to what extent the nano-tube is inserted into the material of the carrier film. In order to be able to guarantee secure continuity with high stability, it is advantageous if the nanotube completely penetrates the carrier film. In this case, the length of the holding section corresponds to the thickness of the carrier film. There are two types of training, which should be preferred depending on the area of application and which differ in the way they are manufactured. In the first form, the nanotube opens into the plane of the surface of the carrier film facing the instrument. In other words, the nanotube only protrudes from the film with the effective section. Correspondingly, the holding section extends from the base of the nanotube by the thickness of the carrier film up to the tip of the nanotube. This type of nano-cannula is particularly preferred for injection instruments, since with these nano-cannulas it is possible to completely empty the instrument because there are no dead spaces. However, compared to the second form of training, manufacturing requires an additional manufacturing step. In this form, the nanotube extends beyond the plane of the surface of the carrier film facing the instrument.
Die mit der erfindungsgemäßen Nano-Kanüle ausgestatteten Werkzeuge können mehrfach verwendbar sein. Dazu ist die Möglichkeit einer einfachen Reinigung der Kanüle vorzusehen. In einer anderen Ausführungsform sind die Nano-Kanülen Einwegartikel, die nach dem Gebrauch verworfen werden. Ein vorteilhaftes Anwendungsgebiet der mit den Nano-Kanülen ausgestatteten Werkzeuge ist die Chip-Technologie. Dort können die Werkzeuge insbesondere als Manipulatoren eingesetzt werden. Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand der Figuren 1 bis 4 näher erklärt. Es zeigen:The tools equipped with the nano-cannula according to the invention can be used several times. The possibility of easy cleaning of the cannula must be provided for this. In another embodiment, the nano-cannulas are disposable items that are discarded after use. Chip technology is an advantageous area of application for the tools equipped with the nano-needles. There, the tools can be used in particular as manipulators. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. Show it:
Figur 1 Verschiedene Arten von Nano-Kanülen mit eckigem Adapter,FIG. 1 different types of nano cannulas with an angular adapter,
Figur 2 eine Nano-Kanüle mit rundem Adapter,FIG. 2 shows a nano cannula with a round adapter,
Figur 3 eine in ein Instrument eingebaute Nano-Kanüle und3 shows a nano-cannula installed in an instrument and
Figur 4 ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Nano-Kanüle.Figure 4 shows a method for producing a nano-cannula.
Figur 1 zeigt Nano-Kanülen, die auf eine entsprechende Nano-Spritze oder eine Nano-Pipette aufgesetzt werden können. Die Kanülen bestehen im wesentlichen aus zwei Teilen. So haben sie ein oder mehrere von Kohlenstoff- Nanorohrchen 1 gebildete Hohlnadeln. Die Nanorohrchen 1 sind von einem Adapter, der von einer in diesem Fall rechteckigen Trägerfolie 2 gebildet ist, dichtend eingefasst. Sie haben einen Außendurchmesser von etwa 50 nm und einen Innendurchmesser von etwa 30 nm. Die Trägerfolie 2 hat eine Stärke S von etwa 10 Mikrometer. Dabei sind die in den Figuren gezeigten Dimensionen nicht maßstabsgetreu. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Kantenlänge der Trägerfolie 2, die letztendlich beliebige Maße bis in die Größenordnung von Zentimetern annehmen kann. Die Trägerfolie 2 ist ein Polymerfilm, dessen eckige Kontur nach der Herstellung zugeschnitten ist. Wie aus Figur 3 ersichtlich, adaptiert der entsprechend konturierte Adapter 2 an Aufnahmemittel der Mikro-Pipette eines Positionierungssystems.Figure 1 shows nano-cannulas that can be placed on a corresponding nano-syringe or a nano-pipette. The cannulas consist essentially of two parts. So they have one or more hollow needles formed by carbon nanotubes 1. The nanotubes 1 are sealed by an adapter, which in this case is formed by a carrier film 2 which is rectangular in this case. They have an outer diameter of approximately 50 nm and an inner diameter of approximately 30 nm. The carrier film 2 has a thickness S of approximately 10 micrometers. The dimensions shown in the figures are not to scale. This applies in particular to the edge length of the carrier film 2, which can ultimately have any dimensions up to the order of centimeters. The carrier film 2 is a polymer film, the angular contour of which is cut after production. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the correspondingly contoured adapter 2 adapts to receiving means of the micro pipette of a positioning system.
In diesem Fall durchdringen die Nanorohrchen 1 die Trägerfolie 2 vollständig und ragen zu beiden Seiten aus der Trägerfolie 2 um ein gewisses Maß heraus. Da die Nanorohrchen 1 über die gesamte Schichtdicke der Trägerfolie 2 gehalten werden, entspricht die Stärke S der Trägerfolie 2 auch der Länge des Halteabschnitts. Jedes Nanorohrchen 1 hat einen effektiven Abschnitt 3, der von einer Spitze 4 abgeschlossen ist. Mit dem effektiven Abschnitt 3 kann auf eine Targetstruktur eingewirkt werden. Dabei ist es möglich, die Nanorohrchen unter einem Winkel in die Trägerfolie 2 einzulassen oder den effektiven Abschnitt 3 gegenüber der Oberfläche der Trägerfolie 2 entsprechend zu neigen. Figur 1 zeigt unter a) eine Kanüle mit nur einem Nanorohrchen 1 , die für die gezielte Beaufschlagung einer Targetstruktur geeignet ist. In den Beispielen b) und c) ist die jeweilige Trägerfolie 2 mit zweien respektive mit einer Vielzahl von parallel angeordneten Nanorohrchen 1 „gespickt", wobei unter c) nur vier Röhrchen gezeigt sind. Der Abstand A der einzelnen Röhrchen entspricht etwa dem Abstand einzelner eukaryotischer Zellen, insbesondere zwischen 10 und 100 Mikrometer, einer mit dem Instrument zu beaufschlagenden Zellanhäufung. In Figur 2 ist eine Nano-Kanüle mit nur einem Nanorohrchen 1 dargestellt, das in einer kreisrund geschnittenen Trägerfolie 2 steckt.In this case, the nanotubes 1 penetrate the carrier film 2 completely and protrude from the carrier film 2 on both sides to a certain extent. Since the nanotubes 1 are held over the entire layer thickness of the carrier film 2, the thickness S of the carrier film 2 also corresponds to the length of the holding section. Each nanotube 1 has an effective section 3, which is closed by a tip 4. The effective section 3 can be used to act on a target structure. It is possible to let the nanotubes into the carrier film 2 at an angle or to incline the effective section 3 relative to the surface of the carrier film 2. FIG. 1 shows under a) a cannula with only one nanotube 1, which is suitable for the targeted application of a target structure. In examples b) and c), the respective carrier film 2 is “peppered” with two or with a multiplicity of nanotubes 1 arranged in parallel, only four tubes being shown under c). The distance A between the individual tubes corresponds approximately to the distance between individual eukaryotic ones Cells, in particular between 10 and 100 micrometers, of a cell cluster to be loaded with the instrument, Figure 2 shows a nano-cannula with only one nanotube 1, which is inserted into a carrier film 2 cut into a circle.
Auch wenn hier eine aus gehärtetem Polymer gefertigte Trägerfolie zu bevorzugen ist, so ist als Trägermaterial auch eine flächig ausgebildete Basis aus Silizium oder Metall möglich und je nach Anwendung vorteilhaft. Die Nanorohrchen können aus beliebigem Material, insbesondere aus Polymer, inorganischem Material, wie Halbleiter oder Silica, aus Metall oder aus Kohlenstoff gefertigt sein. Die Wände der Nanorohrchen können entsprechend ihrem Einsatz hydrophil oder hydrophob ausgebildet werden. Sie können sogar mit biologischen Markern und/oder Nano- Objekten versehen sein.Even if a carrier film made of hardened polymer is to be preferred here, a flat base made of silicon or metal is also possible as carrier material and is advantageous depending on the application. The nanotubes can be made from any material, in particular from polymer, inorganic material, such as semiconductors or silica, from metal or from carbon. The walls of the nanotubes can be made hydrophilic or hydrophobic depending on their use. They can even be provided with biological markers and / or nano objects.
Figur 3 zeigt das Ende einer „makroskopischen" Pipette 5, die einen Durchmesser von etwa 10 Mikrometern hat. Die Pipette 5 ist nach einem bekannten Verfahren aus Glas gezogen und wird von einem nicht dargestellten Positioniersystem manövriert. An der Spitze der Pipette 5, die mit einer Injektionslösung 6 gefüllt ist, befindet sich ein Absatz 7, der als Aufnahme für eine Nano-Kanüle 8 dient, wobei der Trägerfilm 9 der Nano-Kanüle 8 in einem entsprechenden Durchmesser geschnitten ist. In diesem Fall ist die Nano-Kanüle 8 in die Aufnahme 7 dichtend eingeklebt.FIG. 3 shows the end of a “macroscopic” pipette 5, which has a diameter of approximately 10 micrometers. The pipette 5 is drawn from glass by a known method and is maneuvered by a positioning system (not shown). At the tip of the pipette 5, the an injection solution 6 is filled, there is a shoulder 7 which serves as a receptacle for a nano-cannula 8, the carrier film 9 of the nano-cannula 8 being cut into a corresponding diameter, in which case the nano-cannula 8 is in the Recording 7 glued in for sealing.
In der Figur 4 ist das Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Nano-Kanüle in den drei Schritten a-c dargestellt. Dabei wird zunächst eine Schablone hergestellt, die von einem auf einem Boden 10 aufgewachsenen Nano-Röhrchen 11 gebildet wird. In einem ersten Schritt a) wird auf diese Schablone eine Trennschicht 12 aus löslichem Polymer aufgebracht und ausgehärtet. Im nachfolgenden Schritt b) wird die Trägerschicht 13, die letztendlich das Nano-Röhrchen 11 dichtend aufnimmt, bis zu einem bestimmten Niveau aufgegossen. Nach dem Aushärten der Trägerschicht 13 wird der Boden 10 abgeschnitten und damit das Nano-RöhrchenFIG. 4 shows the method for producing a nano-cannula in the three steps ac. First, a template is produced, which is formed by a nano-tube 11 grown on a base 10. In a first step a), a separating layer 12 made of soluble polymer is applied to this template and cured. In step b) below the carrier layer 13, which ultimately accommodates the nano-tube 11 in a sealing manner, is poured on to a certain level. After the carrier layer 13 has hardened, the base 10 is cut off and thus the nano-tube
11 von unten geöffnet. Die Trennschicht 12 wird in einem letzten Schritt aufgelöst, so dass die Nano-Kanüle 14 verbleibt.11 opened from below. The separation layer 12 is dissolved in a last step, so that the nano-cannula 14 remains.
Der Boden wird durch Abschneiden oder Abschälen von dem verfestigten PolymerThe soil is cut or peeled from the solidified polymer
12 getrennt. Dieses Abtrennen kann in der Art eines Mikrotomschnittes erfolgen, wobei es vorteilhaft ist, vor der Ausführung des Schnittes das Polymer 12 durch Einfrieren weiter zu härten. Beim Abschneiden des Bodens werden das Röhrchen am Sockelbereich durchtrennt und damit einseitig von unten geöffnet. 12 separated. This separation can be carried out in the manner of a microtome cut, it being advantageous to further harden the polymer 12 by freezing before making the cut. When cutting off the bottom, the tube at the base area is cut through and thus opened on one side from below.
Claims
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| DE102004026087.7 | 2004-05-25 | ||
| DE200410026087 DE102004026087A1 (en) | 2004-05-25 | 2004-05-25 | Nano-cannula |
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Cited By (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007080435A1 (en) * | 2006-01-09 | 2007-07-19 | Michael Solomakakis | Mosquito needle comprising carbon nanotubes |
| RU2341299C2 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-12-20 | Институт физики полупроводников Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук | Integrated hollow nanoneedle and method of its manufacturing |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE102007038280B4 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2010-11-25 | Leibniz-Institut Für Festkörper- Und Werkstoffforschung Dresden E.V. | Actuator and method for its production |
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