WO2005110581A1 - 気体分離装置、及びその装置の運転方法 - Google Patents
気体分離装置、及びその装置の運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005110581A1 WO2005110581A1 PCT/JP2005/008892 JP2005008892W WO2005110581A1 WO 2005110581 A1 WO2005110581 A1 WO 2005110581A1 JP 2005008892 W JP2005008892 W JP 2005008892W WO 2005110581 A1 WO2005110581 A1 WO 2005110581A1
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- Prior art keywords
- gas separation
- pleated
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- gas
- ratio
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas separation device, particularly to a humidification device suitable for humidification of various gases used in a fuel cell, and an operation method of the device.
- Membrane separation is relatively simple in equipment compared to other separation operations (distillation, adsorption, etc.), and operation costs are low! With! ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Because of its advantages, it is widely used in liquid treatment such as concentration of solutions and production of purified water. On the other hand, gas treatment by membrane separation has been partially used in oxygen enrichment equipment for water recovery in ammonia plants and volatile organic compounds (VOC) recovered in gasoline oil tanks, but it is used in liquid treatment. At the present time, the processing capacity is not enough, and it has not yet formed a large industry.
- the treatment capacity includes gas permeation per unit volume (device performance), pressure loss inside the device, and the life of the gas separation membrane ( Chemical deterioration and physical damage), manufacturing costs and operating costs.
- the present inventors have selected air humidification using fuel cell exhaust gas as a specific means for solving these problems, and have studied a novel gas treatment by membrane separation.
- Fuel cells are a type of power generation device that extracts electric energy by electrochemically oxidizing fuel such as hydrogen or methanol, and has recently attracted attention as a clean energy supply source. Fuel cells are classified into phosphoric acid type, molten carbonate type, solid oxide type, solid polymer electrolyte type, etc., depending on the type of electrolyte used, and solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cells are standard. Since the typical operating temperature is as low as ioo ° c or lower and the energy density is high, it is expected to be widely used as a power source for electric vehicles and the like.
- the basic structure of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell is composed of an ion exchange membrane and a pair of gas diffusion electrodes joined to both sides thereof, supplying hydrogen to one electrode and oxygen to the other electrode, and supplying both electrodes.
- the power is generated by connecting the gap to an external load circuit. More specifically Then, protons and electrons are generated at the hydrogen side electrode, and the protons move inside the ion exchange membrane and reach the oxygen side electrode, and then react with oxygen to generate water.
- the electrons flowing out of the hydrogen-side electrode through the lead wire after the electrical energy is extracted in the external load circuit, further travel through the lead wire to reach the oxygen-side electrode, and contribute to the progress of the water generation reaction.
- fluorine-based ion exchange resins are widely used because of their high chemical stability.
- “Naphion (registered trademark)” manufactured by DuPont having a sulfonic acid group at a side chain terminal is widely used.
- such a fluorine-based ion exchange resin needs to be sufficiently swollen with water in order to exhibit high ion conductivity. Therefore, in mobile applications with limited water supply, specifically for in-vehicle fuel cells, securing water for this purpose is a major issue.
- the fuel cell since the fuel cell generates water at the oxygen-side electrode during the reaction, if the steam on the oxygen-side exhaust can be used to humidify the oxygen-side or hydrogen-side intake, it must be separately provided. Water can be self-sufficient without preparing a water tank or the like.
- the water vapor on one side of the water vapor permeable membrane is passed through a “water vapor permeable membrane” which is a “gas separation membrane” having a property of transmitting the water vapor gas preferentially over the oxygen gas and the nitrogen gas.
- the “gas separation device” having a function of humidifying the gas on the other side of the water vapor permeable membrane by preferentially permeating it is referred to as a “humidification device”.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a humidifier comprising a plurality of semipermeable membranes (water vapor permeable membranes) stacked in the same direction as the stacking direction of the fuel cell unit cells. Have been. According to this technology, humidifying the oxygen side or hydrogen side intake air However, it is necessary to stack a considerable number of semipermeable membranes in order to secure the film area necessary for sufficient humidification. In addition, the number of gas passages (separators) increases according to the number of sheets, resulting in a lack of volumetric efficiency.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a humidifier in which the water vapor permeable membrane is a hollow fiber. According to this technique, since a hollow fiber is used, a separator as in Patent Document 1 is not required, and thus the volume efficiency can be improved. However, the gas flow is likely to be non-uniform due to the bias of the hollow fiber or the like, so that sufficient humidification performance may not be obtained in some cases. In addition, since the inside and outside of the hollow fiber are exposed to a high-speed airflow, the hollow fiber flaps due to self-excited vibration or external vibration, and the hollow fibers are liable to wear or break due to friction with each other. There was a problem that the fixing portion was easily damaged by excessive force.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a cylinder in which a sheet-like water vapor permeable membrane is fold-folded and rounded into a cylindrical pleated shape, the joint thereof is hermetically sealed, and both ends of the cylindrical pleat are hermetically sealed by donut-shaped end plates.
- a humidifier with pleated structure is disclosed. According to this technology, since the flat membrane is used in a pleated shape, it is possible to avoid the problems of cost and volume efficiency as in Patent Document 1 and the problem of physical durability as in Patent Document 2.
- the cylindrical pleated as described in FIG. 3 and paragraph number 0030 of the specification of the patent document usually has a dead space with an inner diameter force of about half of the outer diameter, so that the capacity efficiency is low. There was a problem.
- Patent document 1 JP-A-11-354142
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-273687
- Patent Document 3 JP 2002-252012
- the present invention relates to a gas separation device excellent in utilization efficiency, pressure loss, and durability of a gas separation membrane and an operation method of the device, and particularly to a humidification device and a humidification device suitable for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. It is intended to provide a driving method.
- the inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, it has been found that a specific form factor of the gas separation device is closely related to the utilization efficiency and pressure loss of the gas separation membrane, and The present inventors have found that specific operating conditions of the gas separation device are closely related to the utilization efficiency and pressure loss of the gas separation membrane, and have accomplished the present invention.
- the present invention is as follows.
- a gas separation device wherein the ratio (WZLe) of the width (W) to the length (Le) of the pleated element is 0.3 or more and 7.0 or less, and 1 or more and 7.0 or less.
- At least one pleated element is arranged in two pressure plates, and the reinforcing frame of each pre-element and two pressure plates are in close contact with each other to form one hermetic space.
- a humidifier that is excellent in utilization efficiency, pressure loss, and durability of a gas separation membrane, particularly a humidifier suitable for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, and a method of operating the humidifier. be able to.
- the ⁇ pleating process '' in the present invention refers to a process for imparting a cross-sectional shape such as a V-shape, a U-shape, or an ⁇ -shape to a gas separation membrane substrate, when such a process is not performed. In comparison, a larger film area can be accommodated in the same projected area and the same volume.
- the “gas separation membrane substrate” in the present invention refers to a basic constituent member of an element comprising a gas separation membrane and at least one layer of a gas-permeable reinforcing material, and, if necessary, a laminate of a gas separation membrane and a gas-permeable reinforcing material. It can be.
- the “humidifying membrane base material” can be a basic structural member consisting of a water vapor permeable membrane and at least one layer of a gas permeable reinforcing material, and can be a laminate of a water vapor permeable film and a gas permeable reinforcing material as necessary. .
- the “gas separation membrane” in the present invention is a type of permselective membrane having the property of preferentially permeating a specific gas from a mixed gas! ⁇ , a membrane that exhibits permselectivity only under a specific partial pressure of a specific gas This is also included in this.
- a "water vapor permeable membrane” is an example of a gas separation membrane, and is a type of permselective membrane that has the property of preferentially permeating water vapor from a gas mixture containing water vapor. Films shown (such as a porous humidifying film described later) are also included in this. In particular, a property that does not allow gas other than water vapor to pass through is sometimes referred to as leak resistance.
- the present invention is characterized in that a "flat membrane” that can be pre-processed is used as a form of such a gas separation membrane.
- the “breathable reinforcing material” in the present invention contributes to a means for achieving good membrane utilization efficiency by preventing close contact between adjacent gas separation membranes inside the pleats. Plays an auxiliary function to give independence.
- the “pleated body” in the present invention refers to a structure obtained by pleating a flat membrane-shaped gas separation membrane substrate.
- the “reinforcement frame” in the present invention refers to a structural material for forming a pleated element by airtightly bonding to the periphery of a pleated molded body. That is, the upper surface and the lower surface of the pleated element are air-tightly separated by being integrally formed with the end surface of the pleated molded body.
- Various materials can be used according to the purpose, such as resin, metal, and FRP (fiber reinforced resin).
- the “pleated element” in the present invention refers to an assembly composed of a pleated molded body and a reinforcing frame.
- the “housing” in the present invention refers to auxiliary means for providing the pleated element with a function other than the gas separation function (such as a protection function against mechanical destructive force and a connection function with an external circuit).
- the pleat element is housed or connected to the housing to add a function necessary for practical use and constitute a "gas separation device”.
- the "length" of the pleats refers to a dimension or distance in a direction parallel to the pleats
- the "width” of the pleats refers to a dimension or distance in a direction perpendicular to the pleats.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a fuel cell system showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention (a housing is clearly shown). This fuel cell uses hydrogen and air as a source of oxygen.
- the humidifier 2 includes a drying-side flow path 21 into which air is introduced, a wetting-side flow path 22 into which power-side exhaust from the fuel cell 1 is introduced, intake ports 211 and 221, and exhaust ports 212 and 222. And a humidifying membrane base material 23 for separating these flow paths.
- An air inlet 211 of the drying-side flow path 21 of the humidifier 2 is connected to the compressor 3 as an air supply source via a pipe 31, and an exhaust port 212 of the drying-side flow path 21 is connected to a power source side of the fuel cell 1. Is connected to the intake port 35 of the pipe by a pipe 32.
- the intake port 221 of the wet side flow path 22 is connected to the exhaust port 36 on the power source side of the fuel cell 1 by a pipe 33, and the exhaust port 222 of the wet side flow path 22 is connected to the exhaust pipe 34.
- the hydrogen supply source 4 is connected to an intake port 37 on the anode side of the fuel cell 1 by a pipe 41, and an exhaust pipe 38 is connected to an exhaust port 38 on the anode side of the fuel cell 1.
- Exhaust from the power source side of the fuel cell 1 is water generated by the cell reaction and supplied by the humidifier 2 and supplied by the humidifier 2 and absorbed by the fuel cell 1. It is a mixed gas consisting of energized oxygen used for the reaction and air constituent gas other than oxygen such as nitrogen.
- This gas mixture is introduced from the pipe 33 into the wet-side flow path 22 of the humidifier 2, but since the humidified film base material 23 transmits only water vapor, the water vapor in the wet-side flow path 22 passes through the dry-side flow path.
- the air moves to the drying channel 21 and is humidified.
- the humidified air is introduced through a pipe 32 into an intake port 35 on the power source side of the fuel cell 1. Therefore, the humidifier 2 for humidification can stably perform humidification required for operation of the fuel cell without changing the composition and pressure of gas other than steam. Therefore, the humidifier of the present invention is particularly suitable for mounting on a fuel cell vehicle!
- the dry side flow path is pressurized by the compressor 3, the total pressure is higher than that of the wet side flow path. For this reason, in addition to the above-described water vapor permeability, the water vapor permeable film needs to have sufficient leak resistance against the total pressure difference, that is, non-permeability to other gases including air.
- the water vapor permeability of the water vapor permeable membrane can be evaluated by various methods.
- the water vapor permeability of the water vapor permeable membrane can be evaluated by the moisture permeability of the Shiridani calcium method described in JIS-L-1099.
- the non-permeability of the water vapor permeable membrane to other gases including air can be evaluated by various methods. For example, it can be evaluated by the air permeability described in JIS-P-8117.
- the humidifier When the humidifier is used for a fuel cell, the humidifier preferably has heat resistance in addition to the above characteristics.
- the water vapor permeable membrane is classified into a porous water vapor permeable membrane, a homogeneous water vapor permeable membrane, and a composite water vapor permeable membrane.
- Moisture permeability of the water vapor permeable membrane preferably 1,000 to 30,000 (8/111 2 '24111 :) Yori preferably 2000 ⁇ 20000 (g / m 2 - 24hr ), more preferably 5000-15000 (g / m 2 -24hr).
- the air permeability of the water vapor permeable membrane is preferably 500 seconds or more, more preferably 1000 seconds or more, and It is preferably at least 10,000 seconds, more preferably at least 100,000 seconds, particularly preferably at least 100,000 seconds. Since a porous water vapor permeable membrane described later develops non-permeability only under wet conditions, air permeability is not used as a measure of non-permeability.
- the film thickness of the water vapor permeable membrane is preferably from m to 1000 m.
- the lower limit of the film thickness is more preferably 5 m or more, more preferably 10 m or more, and most preferably 20 m or more.
- the upper limit of the film thickness is more preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 300 ⁇ m or less, and most preferably 200 ⁇ m or less. If the film thickness is less than 1 ⁇ m, the mechanical strength may be insufficient, and if the film thickness exceeds 1000 m, the water vapor permeability may decrease.
- porous water vapor permeable membrane a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a microporous membrane, or the like can be used.
- a gas containing water vapor comes into contact with a porous water vapor permeable membrane having a pore diameter of 10 m or less, so-called “Kelvin condensation” occurs, and the water vapor enters the fine pores of the porous water vapor permeable membrane.
- the liquid film is hydraulic, it can permeate water vapor at the same speed as free surface water having high water vapor permeability.
- the pore size of the porous water vapor permeable membrane is preferably from 0.001 m to 10 m.
- the lower limit of the pore size is more preferably 0.005 ⁇ m or more, and still more preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit of the pore size is more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less 1 ⁇ m or less is even more preferred 0.5 ⁇ m or less is even more preferred 0.2 ⁇ m or less is particularly preferred 0.1 ⁇ m or less is the most preferred preferable. If the pore size is less than 0.001 ⁇ m, water vapor permeability may be insufficient, and if the pore size exceeds 10 m, kelvin condensation may not easily occur.
- the porosity of the porous water vapor permeable membrane is preferably 5% or more and 90% or less.
- the lower limit of the porosity is more preferably 10% or more, further preferably 20% or more, further more preferably 30% or more. 40% or more is most preferable. If the porosity is less than 5%, the water vapor permeability may be insufficient, and if the porosity exceeds 90%, the mechanical strength may be insufficient.
- a homogeneous film made of a water vapor permeable material is referred to as a homogeneous water vapor permeable film.
- Water vapor permeable materials include polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, cell Non-electrolyte polymers such as rose ether and starch, and copolymers thereof; electrolyte polymers such as polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyisopropylacrylamide, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyvinyl pyridine and polyamino acid; and copolymers thereof, and Any known material may be used as long as it is a salt or a resin known as a water-absorbing or water-containing resin such as the above-mentioned fluorine-based ion-exchange resin. If necessary, crosslinking such as ion crosslinking, chemical crosslinking, and radiation crosslinking, and reinforcement such as fiber reinforcement or fibril reinforcement can be performed to adjust the water content or to make the film insoluble in water.
- the water content of the water vapor permeable material is preferably 5% or more and 95% or less.
- the lower limit of the water content of the homogeneous porous membrane is more preferably 20% or more, more preferably 40% or more, still more preferably 60% or more, and most preferably 80% or more.
- the upper limit of the water content is more preferably 90% or less. If the water content is less than 5%, it may be difficult to show sufficient humidification performance, and if the water content exceeds 95%, "large volume shrinkage during drying", "low mechanical strength", etc. Problem may occur.
- a composite film obtained by applying or impregnating a water vapor permeable material to a porous substrate such as a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, or a microporous film is referred to as a composite water vapor permeable film.
- water vapor permeable material examples include non-electrolyte polymers such as polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose ether and starch, and copolymers thereof, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyisopropylacrylamide, polystyrenesulfonic acid, polyvinyl pyridine, and the like.
- Known electrolyte polymers such as polyamino acids, copolymers thereof, and salts thereof, as well as resins known as water-absorbing or water-containing resins such as the above-mentioned fluorine-based ion-exchange resins. Any material can be used. If necessary, crosslinking such as ion crosslinking, chemical crosslinking, and radiation crosslinking, and reinforcement such as fiber reinforcement or fibril reinforcement can be performed to adjust the water content or to make the film insoluble in water.
- the water content of the water vapor permeable material is preferably 5% or more and 95% or less.
- the lower limit of the water content is more preferably 20% or more, still more preferably 40% or more, still more preferably 60% or more, and most preferably 80% or more.
- the upper limit of the water content is more preferably 90% or less. If the water content is less than 5%, it may be difficult to show sufficient humidification performance.If the water content exceeds 95%, Problems such as "Large volume shrinkage during drying! /," And “Low mechanical strength" may occur.
- the porosity of the porous substrate is preferably from 5% to 95%.
- the lower limit of the porosity is more preferably 10% or more, more preferably 20% or more, still more preferably 30% or more, and most preferably 40% or more. If the porosity is less than 5%, the water vapor permeability may be insufficient, and if the porosity exceeds 95%, the mechanical strength may be insufficient.
- the air-permeable reinforcing material is a net-like or porous sheet, and can maintain the pleat pitch by being laminated with the gas separation membrane, and can guide the gas well to the deep part of the pleat. Further, although the gas separation membrane generally lacks rigidity, the self-sustainability and structural strength, particularly buckling strength, of the pre-formed body can be improved by laminating it with a breathable reinforcing material.
- the air-permeable reinforcing material can be provided on both sides or one side of the gas separation membrane. In particular, when a pressure difference exists through the gas separation film, it is preferable to provide the pressure difference at least on the low pressure side.
- a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a resin net (for example, polypropylene, polyester, nylon, etc.) or a metal net can be used as the air-permeable reinforcing material. Among these, the resin net and the metal net are used. Internet preferred ⁇ .
- the thickness of the breathable reinforcement is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 5000 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the thickness is more preferably 100 ⁇ m or more, further preferably 200 ⁇ m or more, and most preferably 500 ⁇ m or more. Preferred.
- the upper limit of the thickness is more preferably 3000 m or less, more preferably 2000 m or less, and most preferably 1000 ⁇ m or less. If the thickness is less than 10 m, the mechanical strength may be insufficient, and if the thickness exceeds 5000 m, the gas permeability may decrease.
- the thickness of the air-permeable reinforcing material is measured by the method described in JIS-L-1096.
- the porosity of the breathable reinforcing material is preferably 30% or more and 95% or less.
- the lower limit of the porosity is more preferably 40% or more, even more preferably 50% or more, even more preferably 60% or more. % Or more is most preferable. If the porosity is less than 30%, the gas separation performance may be insufficient, and if the porosity is less than 95%, the mechanical strength may be insufficient.
- the air permeability of the breathable reinforcing material is preferably 100 seconds or less, more preferably 10 seconds or less, and most preferably 1 second or less.
- the number of meshes when using a net is preferably 2 or more and 1000 or less.
- the upper limit of the number of meshes is more preferably 100 or less, more preferably 50 or less, even more preferably 30 or less, and particularly preferably 20 or less.
- the wire diameter when using the net is preferably 0.01 mm or more and 2 mm or less.
- the lower limit of the wire diameter is more preferably 0.02 mm or more, further preferably 0.04 mm or more, further preferably 0.06 mm or more, and particularly preferably 0.08 mm or more.
- the upper limit of the wire diameter is more preferably 1 mm or less, further preferably 0.6 mm or less, further preferably 0.4 mm or less, and still more preferably 0.2 mm or less.
- a pleated product is obtained by pleating a flat membrane-shaped gas separation membrane substrate.
- the laminate consisting of the gas separation membrane and the air-permeable reinforcing material is pleated.
- the gas separation membrane is pleated alone and the air-permeable reinforcement is applied between the pleats. It is also possible to insert a material.
- FIG. 2 shows a pleated product obtained by pleating a gas separation membrane substrate composed of a gas separation membrane 23A and a gas-permeable reinforcing material 23B.
- a reciprocating (accordion) pleating machine or a rotary pleating machine can be used.
- the height H of the pleated is the height from the peak of the pleated body to the peak. If the height H is not constant, the average value of the height can be set to H.
- the height H is preferably 5 mm or more and 200 mm or less.
- the lower limit of the height H is more preferably 10 mm or more, and even more preferably 15 mm or more.
- the upper limit of the height H is more preferably 150 mm or less, further preferably 100 mm or less, further preferably 80 mm or less, and still more preferably 50 mm or less.
- the reinforcing frame which is a component of the pleated element, is made of resin such as an adhesive or sealant. It may be a solidified material, a resin plate, a metal plate, or the like, or a combination of both.
- a material directly hardened with a resin is preferably a rubber-like elastic material, such as a silicone-based material, a generally known sealing material such as a butadiene-based material, an elastic adhesive, or the like.
- the thickness of the reinforcing frame is preferably lmm or more and 50 mm or less.
- the lower limit of the thickness is more preferably 2 mm or more, more preferably 5 mm or more.
- the upper limit of the thickness is more preferably 40 mm or less, still more preferably 30 mm or less, and even more preferably 20 mm or less.
- the plate When processing the plate, the plate may be flat or may be provided with a bent portion such as a U-shape. It is preferable to provide a bent portion such as a U-shaped cross section because the strength of the reinforcing frame and the bonding area with the pre-molded body are increased, and the airtight connection to the housing through the bent portion is facilitated.
- the end portion of the reinforcing frame in the present invention refers to, for example, a cut surface facing the upper or lower surface of the pleated molded body when a planar reinforcing frame is used, and is bent when a reinforcing frame having a bent portion is used. Say the part face.
- the plate thickness is preferably from 0.1 mm to 5 mm.
- the lower limit of the plate thickness is more preferably 0.2 mm or more, and further preferably 0.5 mm or more.
- the upper limit of the plate thickness is more preferably 4 mm or less, more preferably 3 mm or less, and even more preferably 2 mm or less.
- the height of the reinforcement frame is usually set in accordance with the height H of the pleats.However, by intentionally making the inner dimension of the height of the reinforcement frame longer than the height of the pleats, the ⁇ space A "partial channel" can be provided.
- a reinforcing frame is formed by combining a plurality of materials, it is preferable to adopt a nested structure in order to increase the strength of the connecting portion.
- the width of the bent portion of the reinforcing frame is preferably lmm or more and 50 mm or less.
- the lower limit of the width of the bent portion is more preferably 5 mm or more, more preferably 10 mm or more.
- the upper limit of the width of the bent portion is more preferably 40 mm or less, more preferably 30 mm or less, even more preferably 20 mm or less.
- the pleat element is preferably a flat type.
- "Flat type” is the gas component parallel to the pleat This is a ⁇ type in which both ends of the release film are not bonded to each other, and is equipped with a total of four reinforcing frames (mainly rectangular), two on each side in the direction perpendicular and parallel to the pleat.
- the outer edge of the pleated body is directly hardened with a resin such as an adhesive or a sealing material, and the above-mentioned plate is bonded to the inner periphery of the processed reinforcing frame.
- a resin such as an adhesive or a sealing material
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an example of a planar pleated element of a type in which a reinforcing frame is directly fixed with an adhesive, a sealing material or the like.
- A is a cross-sectional view as viewed from a direction parallel to the pleat direction
- B is a cross-sectional view as viewed from a direction perpendicular to the pleat direction.
- a reinforcement frame 52 fixed with resin is formed on the outer periphery of the pleated molded body 23.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a planar pleated element of a type in which a reinforcing frame is processed in a plate shape. In FIG.
- A is a cross-sectional view as viewed from a direction parallel to the pleating direction
- B is a cross-sectional view as viewed from a direction perpendicular to the pleating direction.
- an adhesive 51 is applied to the inner periphery of the reinforcing frame having a U-shaped cross section.
- the pleated molded body 23 may be introduced and cured, or may be joined by heat fusion.
- FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show a flat pleated element of a type in which a plate-like material is formed.
- a is a cross-sectional view cut perpendicular to the pleating direction
- b is a cross-sectional view cut parallel to the pleating direction
- c is an appearance viewed parallel to the pleating direction.
- Figure d is an external view seen perpendicular to the pleat direction.
- a sealing material 7 is provided on the entire side surface of the reinforcing frame.
- the sealing material 7 is provided over the entire circumference of the upper and lower bent portions of the reinforcing frame.
- the reinforcing frame itself serves as a sealing material, and is excellent in confidentiality with a housing described later.
- the so-called self-locking function in which the sealing force between the pleat element and the housing increases as the force for expanding the pleat element increases, is preferable.
- sealing materials such as an O-ring, a rubber sheet, a metal sheet, and an adhesive can be used as the sheathing material 7 within a range not to impair the object of the present invention.
- O-rings and rubber sheets are preferred.
- a rubber sheet is used as the sealing material 7, if the thickness is too large, the rubber sheet may be extruded due to internal pressure.
- the thickness of the rubber sheet is preferably 5 mm or less, more preferably 3 mm or less, and most preferably 1 mm. .
- the pitch P is the distance between adjacent peaks of the pleated compact, and if the pitch is not constant, the average value of the pitch is P.
- the pitch P is preferably between 0.1 mm and 10 mm.
- the lower limit of the pitch P is more preferably 0.4 mm or more, furthermore preferably 0.6 mm or more, still more preferably 0.8 mm or more 1. Omm or more is particularly preferred.
- the upper limit of the pitch P is more preferably 8 mm or less, more preferably 6 mm or less, and even more preferably 4 mm or less.
- the pitch P can be adjusted by the inner width of the reinforcement frame and the number of pleats to be stored.
- the ratio M of the pitch P to the thickness T of the gas separation membrane substrate is preferably 0.5 or more and 3.0 or less.
- the lower limit of the ratio M is more preferably 0.8 or more, further preferably 1.0 or more, still more preferably 1.2 or more, particularly preferably 1.4 or more, and most preferably 1.6 or more.
- the upper limit of the ratio M is more preferably 2.5 or less, further preferably 2.2 or less, still more preferably 2.1 or less, particularly preferably 2.0 or less, and most preferably 1.9 or less. If the ratio M is less than 0.5, the pitch becomes narrow, so that the air permeability is reduced and the gas separation performance is easily impaired. If the ratio M exceeds 3.0, the membrane area that can be stored becomes small due to the large pitch, and the gas separation membrane substrate fluctuates due to the air current, so it is easily worn or damaged.In addition, both ends of the gas separation membrane are fixed. The part is easily damaged due to excessive force.
- FIG. 2a is an example in which the cross section is V-shaped, and the ratio M is 3.0.
- FIG. 2b is an example of a U-shaped cross section, and the ratio M is 2.0.
- a general pleat element is a rectangular force having a long side and a short side. As will be described later, it is preferable that the short side of the pleat element is not unnecessarily long in order to shorten the beam interval of the housing.
- the preferred short side length is 300 mm or less, 250 mm or less is more preferred, 200 mm or less is still more preferred, 150 mm or less is even more preferred, and 100 mm or less is particularly preferred. Even when it is not necessary to shorten the beam interval, the length of the short side is preferably 1000 mm or less, more preferably 500 mm or less.
- the ratio (WZLe) of the width (W) to the length (Le) of the pleated element of the present invention is 0.3 or more and 10.0 or less from the viewpoint of gas separation performance (separation efficiency) and pressure loss. It is more preferably 0.5 or more and 8.0 or less, more preferably 1.0 or more and 7 or less.
- FIGS. 7B and 7C and FIGS. 8B and 8C are schematic diagrams showing the gas separation device of the present invention.
- a dotted line shows a wet side flow path and a solid line shows a dry side flow path.
- FIGS. 7B and 8B show an example in which a “flow path” is formed on the pleated element using the flow path forming means 70.
- the flow path forming means it is possible to use a sheet-like material in which two openings (intake ports ⁇ ⁇ exhaust ports) are formed in a highly compliant material such as urethane foam or a gel sheet. By providing this on the surface of the pleated element 6, a flow path is formed on the pleated element.
- the housing 8 in FIGS. 7 and 8 provides the pleated element with an auxiliary function other than the gas separation (humidification) function, that is, a protection function from mechanical destruction and a connection function with an external circuit.
- FIGS. 7C and 8C show an example in which a “flow path” is formed using the housing 8 as an alternative to the flow path forming means 70.
- a space is created between the pleated element and the inner surface of the housing.
- this flow path is referred to as a "space flow path” and
- the flow path inside the material is referred to as a “base material flow path”.
- the ventilation resistance can be adjusted by installing flow control means such as a wire mesh in the space flow path. For example, when the ventilation resistance of the space flow path is increased, the pressure loss increases, but the airflow flowing to the base flow path increases, so that the gas separation (humidification) performance may be improved.
- the ratio V: [(22M + 22S) Z (21M + 21S)] of the wet-side flow path volume to the dry-side flow path volume of the humidifier of the present invention is preferably 0.5 or more and 100 or less.
- the lower limit of V is more preferably 0.8 or more 1. 0 or more is more preferable 1. 2 or more is even more preferable 1.5 or more is particularly preferable 2.0 or more is most preferable.
- the upper limit of V is more preferably 50 or less, still more preferably 20 or less, further preferably 10 or less, and particularly preferably 5 or less. If V is less than 0.5, the pressure loss in the wet flow path is too large compared to the pressure loss in the dry flow path. If V exceeds 100, the pressure loss in the dry flow path becomes too large compared to the pressure loss in the wet flow path.
- the gas separation device (humidifying device) of the present invention is provided with at least one pair of intake port and exhaust port on both sides of the pleated element.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the relationship between the intake port and the exhaust port of the pre-element.
- the width 61 of the inlet port and the outlet port is preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 80%, still more preferably at least 90%, particularly preferably at least 95% of the inner width of the pleated element.
- the cross-sectional area of the intake port and the exhaust port is preferably 10% or more of the cross-sectional area of the external piping.20% or more is more preferable.50% or more is more preferable.100% or more is more preferable. 200% or more is particularly preferred. 300% or more is most preferred.
- a preferable range can also be obtained for the width and the cross-sectional area force.
- a preferable length can be obtained in a range of 1 mm to lm.
- the lower limit of the length is more preferably 5 mm or more, more preferably 10 mm or more, and even more preferably 15 mm or more.
- the upper limit of the length is preferably 20 cm or less, more preferably 10 cm or less, and even more preferably 5 cm or less.
- any shape such as a rectangle, an ellipse, a rhombus, a trapezoid, and a combination of a plurality of these can be adopted within the preferable range described above.
- a rectangular shape that is long in the width direction is preferred because two short sides are not straight but semi-circular so that machining can be facilitated.
- the lower limit of the ratio R is preferably 0.2 or more, more preferably 0.4 or more, still more preferably 0.6 or more, further preferably 0.8 or more, and particularly preferably 1.0 or more.
- the upper limit of the ratio R is preferably 6.0 or less, more preferably 5.0 or less, even more preferably 4.0 or less, and most preferably 3.0 or less.
- a pleated element B with a length of 1Z2 and a pleated element B with a length of a certain width and width can reduce the pressure loss to 1Z2 and at the same time the membrane area is halved. Therefore, the humidification performance is expected to be reduced by half.
- the present inventors have surprisingly found that the pleated element B is superior to the pre-element A when comparing the humidifying performance per unit volume.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies based on this finding and found that a humidifier having a specific ratio R has the following excellent features as compared with a conventional humidifier having a comparatively large ratio R. Heading, the present invention has been accomplished.
- the ratio R is less than 0.1, the gas cannot sufficiently penetrate to the deep portion of the pleats, so that preferable humidification performance may not be obtained. If the ratio R is greater than 7.0, the contact distance is long! ⁇ Preferred ⁇ No pressure loss! / There are cases.
- a preferable range can be obtained with the ratio R and the pleated height H force.
- a preferable contact distance L can be obtained usually in a range of 10 mm or more and 1000 mm or less.
- the lower limit of the contact distance L is more preferably 20 mm or more, more preferably 30 mm or more. 40 mm or more is even more preferable. 50 mm or more is particularly preferable.
- the upper limit of the contact distance L is more preferably 500 mm or less, more preferably 300 mm or less, further preferably 200 mm or less, and even more preferably 150 mm or less.
- the length of the pleated element is at most several hundred mm due to the relationship between the ratio R and the pleated height H.
- the width of the pleated element can vary in size depending on the desired flow rate, humidification performance and pressure loss.
- a practical gas separation device provided with auxiliary functions other than the gas separation (humidification) function (protection function of mechanical destruction force, connection function with external circuit, etc.) Humidifier).
- the housing it is preferable to form an airtight container by making two box-shaped pressure plates arranged on both sides of the pleated element and a part of the reinforcing frame adhere to each other.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic view for explaining a pressure plate type housing which is a preferred example of the pleated element housing of the present invention.
- the conventional flat pleated type separation device is mainly disposable, and the ease of maintenance for taking out the pleat element from the separation device has not been considered so much.
- the pressure plate type nozzle according to the present invention is not used. When used, high maintainability can be achieved while having a compact device configuration.
- FIG. 10a is a perspective view of the appearance of a first example when the gas separation humidifier of the present invention is a humidifier
- FIG. 10b is an exploded view of the humidifier.
- the lug, the housing and the pleated element 6 are in airtight contact with each other via a reinforcing frame 5, that is, are tightly adhered.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view in the B direction of FIG. 10A.
- the lower flow path partitioned by the water vapor permeable membrane is the dry flow path 21, and the upper flow path is the wet flow path 22, but these may be appropriately reversed depending on the purpose.
- the drying-side flow path 21 and the wetting-side flow path 22 The drying side flow path 21 is connected to the drying side intake port 211 and the drying side exhaust port 212, and the wet side flow path 22 is connected to the wet side suction port 221 and It is connected to the wetting side exhaust port 222.
- the wet gas introduced from the wet-side intake port 221 flows through the wet-side flow path 22 indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 7 from left to right, and is discharged from the wet-side exhaust port 222.
- the drying gas introduced from the drying-side intake port 211 flows from right to left in the drying-side flow path 21 shown by the solid line in FIG. During this process, the water vapor contained in the wet gas moves across the water vapor permeable membrane to the dry gas.
- the pair of pressure plates can be joined in any manner. For example, joining with an adhesive or welding and fastening with a belt or a bolt can be used.
- the pressure of the gas used is high, it can be deformed, so reinforcement can be introduced around the housing.
- the housing of the present invention is preferably formed with all the intake ports, exhaust ports, and pressure buffer portions (the pressure buffer portions will be described later).
- Integral molding means that the housing material is divided by bolting and screwing. / ⁇ For example, even if the housing material is divided, if the divided materials are welded together, they will be integrally formed.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram for explaining a housing which is a preferred example of the humidifying device of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view in the A direction of FIG.
- the housing, the housing and the pleated element 6 are in airtight contact with each other via the reinforcing frame 5.
- FIG. 14 is also a cross-sectional view in the B direction of FIG.
- the lower flow path partitioned by the water vapor permeable membrane is referred to as the drying flow path 21, and the upper flow path is referred to as the wet flow path 22, but these may be appropriately reversed depending on the purpose.
- the dry side flow path 21 and the wet side flow path 22 are hermetically sealed by the water vapor permeable membrane base material 23, the reinforcing frame 5, the housing 8, and, if necessary, the sealing material 7 interposed between the reinforcing frame and the pressure plate.
- the drying side flow path 21 is separated from the drying side intake port.
- the wet side flow path 22 is connected to the wet side intake port 221 and the wet side exhaust port 222, respectively.
- the wet gas introduced from the wet-side intake port 221 flows through the wet-side flow path 22 indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 14 from left to right, and is discharged from the wet-side exhaust port 222.
- the drying gas introduced from the drying-side intake port 211 flows from right to left in the drying-side flow path 21 indicated by the solid line in FIG. During this process, the water vapor contained in the wet gas moves across the water vapor permeable membrane to the dry gas.
- the housing various structures can be used as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- the housing can be formed by molding a resin or the like into a mold.
- Various materials such as stainless steel, aluminum, and plastic can be used for the material of the housing.
- by using known material techniques such as ribs and a nod-cam structure material, it is possible to reduce the weight if necessary.
- the surface where the housing contacts the pleated element is preferably sufficiently smooth to improve sealing.
- the housing, the pleating element 6 and the pleat element 6 are in airtight contact with each other via the reinforcing frame 5. At this time, a sealing material 7 can be introduced between the housing and the reinforcing frame 5 as necessary.
- the pressure buffer of the present invention is a name of a rectifying means used to prevent local spraying at an inlet 'exhaust port of a gas separation (humidification) device, and a housing is provided between an external pipe and an inlet' exhaust port. It is provided as a part of the auxiliary function to be provided.
- the pressure buffer is preferably used in many cases.
- the pressure buffer has an opening A and an opening B on the external pipe side and the pleated element side, respectively.
- Opening A has the same shape as the external piping
- opening B has the same shape as the inlet and outlet of the pleated element.
- the width of the opening B is often wider than the width of the opening A. However, when the width of the external piping and the intake port and the exhaust port are close, the pressure buffer can be omitted.
- any structure can be used as long as it has the above-mentioned rectifying function.
- a pipe connecting the opening A and the opening B and Long 2 A structure in which a filter made of a nonwoven fabric or a net is provided inside the pipe, 3) A structure in which the air flow directions of the opening A and the opening B are perpendicular to each other can be preferably used.
- Employing these structures is preferable because the pressure distribution and the velocity distribution in the opening B can be made relatively uniform, and the gas separation (water vapor transmission) membrane can be effectively used over the entire surface of the pleated element.
- the structure 3) is more preferable because it is more compact and has lower pressure loss than the other structures.
- “perpendicular to each other” is a notation that indicates the concept of turning the direction of the air flow inside the pipe, and may include an angle of 30 to 150 degrees after 90 degrees.
- the external circuit force also causes the gas introduced into the opening A91 of the left pipe to impinge on the opposing surface 93 sealed with a metal plate or the like.
- a relatively uniform pressure field is formed inside the pipe.
- the water is introduced into the exhaust-side opening B force pleated element provided at the lower part of the pipe, and the water vapor is transmitted to the drying-side flow path 21 through the water vapor-permeable membrane.
- the exhausted gas forms a relatively uniform pressure field in the pipe, and then is exhausted from the opening A92 to an external circuit.
- FIG. 11 and FIG. 13 are schematic diagrams also showing examples of the pressure buffer section.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing an example of how the gas flows in the pressure buffer.
- a is a flow path in which gas flows from the left front to the right rear when the intake and exhaust ports of the gas separation (humidification) device are viewed from above
- b is a flow path in which gas flows from the left front to the right front.
- c has a flow path configuration in which gas flows from two intake ports at the left front and the back left to two exhaust ports at the right front and the back right.
- the pressure buffering action is most preferably the flow path configuration of c.
- the volume of the pressure buffer is defined as the volume of the space closed by the openings A and B.
- the volume of the pressure buffer is preferably 0.1 or more and 100 or less with respect to the reference volume.
- this ratio is referred to as ratio VB.
- the lower limit of the ratio VB is more preferably 0.2 or more, further preferably 0.5 or more, further preferably 1.0 or more, further preferably 2.0 or more. If VB is less than 0.1, a sufficient pressure buffering action may not be obtained.
- the upper limit of VB is not particularly limited, but exceeding 100 is not preferable because the device becomes unnecessarily large.
- the width of the pressure buffer is preferably 50% or more and 800% or less with respect to the width of the inlet port and the outlet port of the pleated element.
- the lower limit of the width is more preferably 70% or more, still more preferably 80% or more, and even more preferably 90% or more.
- the upper limit of the width is more preferably 600% or less, further preferably 400% or less, and still more preferably 200% or less.
- the width of the opening B of the pressure buffer is preferably 50% or more of the pressure buffer, more preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and even more preferably 95% or more.
- the cross-sectional area of the opening B of the pressure buffer is preferably 50% or more of the cross-sectional area of the opening A 100% or more is more preferable 200% or more is more preferable 300% or more is more preferable Particularly preferred is 400% or more, most preferably 500% or more.
- a humidifying device various known types such as a counter flow, a parallel flow, a cross flow, and a radiant flow can be used as a form in which the dry gas and the wet gas come into contact via the water vapor permeable membrane.
- a counter flow or a parallel flow is preferred.
- a large membrane area can be obtained by providing the housing with a plurality of pleated elements.
- the height P of the pleats is preferably 5 mm or more and 200 mm or less, but for some reason, the size of the humidifier in the planar direction is strongly restricted and the size in the height direction is restricted.
- a large film area can be achieved by laminating elements having a height of 200 mm or less while sharing the drying-side channel or the wetting-side channel.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies on a gas separation device (humidifying device) formed of a pleated body and its operation method, and as a result, increased the gas flow rate per unit time with respect to the outer volume of the pleated element. It has been found that this can further improve the membrane utilization efficiency.
- the operation method of the gas separation device (humidifying device) of the present invention is characterized in that the volume flow ratio is 200 or more.
- the volume flow ratio according to the present invention is defined as the ratio of the flow rate (NL) of gas (dry air in the case of a humidifier) supplied to the entire apparatus per minute with respect to the outer container (Ve) of the pleated element. Where NL means the volume of gas in standard condition .
- the lower limit of the volume flow ratio is preferably 400 or more, more preferably 600 or more, further preferably 800 or more, still more preferably 1000 or more, and particularly preferably 1200 or more.
- the upper limit of the volume flow ratio is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100,000 or less, more preferably 50,000 or less, further preferably 10,000 or less.
- the volume is 1Z8 times, but the pressure loss is doubled.
- the operation method of the present invention includes such cases. For example, when an increase in pressure loss is not preferable, the height is set to 0.5 times, the width is 0.71 times, and the length is 0.35 times. Therefore, the pressure loss can be maintained at 1x while the volume is the same 1Z8x.
- the unit of the volume flow ratio is (1Z minute), and has a reciprocal dimension of time. That is, a volume flow ratio of 200 or more is equivalent to an average residence time of gas in the gas separation device (humidifying device) of 0.3 seconds or less.
- the cross-sectional area flow ratio according to the present invention is defined as a ratio of a flow rate (NLZ) of a dry gas per minute to a cross-sectional area (cm 2 ) cut perpendicularly to the pleating direction.
- the unit of the sectional area flow ratio in the present invention is (10 mZ), and has a velocity dimension. It is preferable that the volumetric flow ratio (residence time) is not too long, and it is preferable that the cross-sectional area flow ratio (gas velocity inside the device) is not too high. This means that a gas separator (humidifier) with a small ratio R is more preferable under a constant volume.
- the gas separation device (humidifying device) and the operation method thereof of the present invention are inventions made to embody the same technical idea from the standpoint of the device and the operation method.
- the upper limit of the cross-sectional area flow rate ratio is preferably 100 or less, more preferably 80 or less, further preferably 60 or less, still more preferably 40 or less, and particularly preferably 20 or less.
- drying-side entrance drying-side exit
- wet-side entrance wet-side entrance
- wet-side exit are referred to for simplicity. These are called DI, DO, WI, and WO, respectively.
- Moisture transfer (gZ) DO steam flow DI steam flow
- Total performance (g / min / kPa 2 / L) exchange capacity per volume / sum of pressure drop (kPa) X 1000
- Exchange capacity per volume is preferably 0.1 or more, more preferably 0.2 or more 0.5 or more is even more preferred 0.7 or more is even more preferred 1.0 or more is particularly preferred. If the exchange capacity per volume is less than 0.1, the device size required for sufficient humidification becomes too large, which is not preferable. For many humidification applications, a capacity of 2.5 or more per volume will be sufficient to achieve the goal.
- the pressure loss on both the dry side and the wet side is preferably 50 kPa or less, more preferably 20 kPa or less, further preferably 10 kPa or less, still more preferably 5 kPa or less, and particularly preferably 3 kPa or less. If the pressure loss exceeds 50 kPa, which is high, it is not preferable because the energy lost by the humidifier in many humidifying applications cannot be ignored.
- the overall performance is preferably 10 or more, more preferably 20 or more, still more preferably 40 or more, still more preferably 60 or more, and still more preferably 80 or more.
- a polyethylene microporous membrane (film thickness 16 ⁇ , basis weight 9g / m 2 porosity 40%, air permeability 300 seconds) was converted to a perfluoro ion exchange resin solution (Aciplex—SS—1000, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation).
- a perfluoro ion exchange resin solution (Aciplex—SS—1000, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation).
- the coating weight of the perfluoro ion exchange resin was 4 gZm 2 .
- a reinforcement frame width of 10 mm
- a width of 400 mm, a length of 240 mm, and a height of 44 mm is used, and the pleated molded body and the reinforcement frame are fixed using epoxy adhesive.
- a flat pleated element was prepared by sealing.
- the number of peaks N was 137
- the pleated pitch P was 2.9 mm.
- the ratio M of the pitch P to the thickness T of the humidified film substrate was 1.7.
- the humidifying element and the humidifying device were constructed by connecting the pleated element to the housing as shown in Fig. 11.
- the cross-sectional area ratio C between the base material channel and the space channel is 1.1 on the wet side and 1.2 on the dry side, and the ratio of the wet-side channel volume to the total dry-side channel volume V was set to 1.5.
- a wire mesh (thickness: 3 mm, wire diameter: 1.5 mm, aperture ratio: 78%) was disposed as a flow path control means in the space on the wet side.
- the ratio R of the distance between the inlet and the outlet to the pleat height H was set to 3.6.
- the intake and exhaust of wet and dry air were connected in countercurrent contact.
- humid air with a relative humidity of 90% and a temperature of 80 ° C is supplied to the humidifier at a flow rate of 30 OONLZmin by adjusting the valve at the humidifier outlet so that the pressure at the humidifier inlet is 40 kPaG.
- dry air at a relative humidity of 1% and a temperature of 80 ° C was supplied to the drying side inlet by adjusting the valve at the drying side outlet so that the pressure at the drying side outlet became 60 kPaG at a flow rate of 3000 NLZmin.
- the relative humidity and temperature at the wet-side outlet and the dry-side outlet were measured, and the amount of water movement through the humidifying film was calculated. Further, the pressure loss between the wet side intake and exhaust ports and the dry side intake and exhaust port were measured.
- the same humidifying film and air-permeable reinforcing material as in Example 1 were used, and pleating was performed with a pleated height H of 40 mm.
- a pleating element as a pleating element, a reinforcing frame with a width of 400 mm, a length of 120 mm and a height of 44 mm, fixing the pleated molded body and the reinforcing frame using epoxy adhesive, and sealing the pleated flat pleated Created an element.
- the number of peaks N was 176
- the pleated pitch P was 2.3 mm.
- the ratio M of the pitch P to the thickness T of the humidified film substrate at this time was 1.4.
- the humidifying element and the humidifying device were constructed by connecting the pleated element to the housing as shown in Fig. 11.
- the cross-sectional area ratio C between the base material flow rate and the space flow rate is 1.1 on the wet side and 1.2 on the dry side
- the ratio V of the wet-side flow volume to the total dry-side flow channel volume is 1 .5.
- a wire mesh (thickness: 3 mm, wire diameter: 1.5 mm, aperture ratio: 78%) was disposed as a flow path control means in the space on the wet side.
- the ratio R of the distance between the inlet and the outlet to the pleat height H was set to 1.9. This humidifier was evaluated under the same conditions as in Example 1.
- the same humidifying film and air-permeable reinforcing material as in Example 1 were used, and pleating was performed with a pleated height H of 40 mm.
- a pleated element as a pleated element, a reinforcing frame with a width of 300 mm, a length of 300 mm, and a height of 44 mm, and fixing the pleated molded body and the reinforcing frame using epoxy adhesive, and sealing the flat pleated element Created the event.
- the number of mountains N was 103 and the pleated pitch P was 2.9 mm.
- the ratio M was 1.7.
- the humidifying element and the humidifying device were constructed by connecting the pleated element to the housing as shown in Fig. 11.
- the cross-sectional area ratio C between the base material flow rate and the space flow rate is 1.1 on the wet side and 1.2 on the dry side
- the ratio V of the wet-side flow path volume to the total dry-side flow path volume is 1.5.
- a wire mesh (thickness: 3 mm, wire diameter: 1.5 mm, opening ratio: 78%) was disposed as a flow path control means in the space on the wet side.
- the ratio R of the distance between the inlet and the outlet to the pleat height H was set to 5.8. This humidifier was evaluated under the same conditions as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the obtained results.
- Example 2 The same humidifying film and air-permeable reinforcing material as in Example 1 were used, and pleating was performed with a pleated height H of 24 mm.
- a pleated element as a pleated element, a reinforcing frame with a width of 240 mm, a length of 430 mm and a height of 28 mm, and fixing the pleated molded body and the reinforcing frame with an epoxy adhesive, and sealing the flat pleated element Created the event.
- the number of peaks N was 82 and the pleated pitch P was 2.9 mm.
- the ratio M was 1.7.
- the humidifying element and the humidifying device were constructed by connecting the pleated element to the housing as shown in Fig. 11.
- the cross-sectional area ratio C of the base material flow rate and the space flow rate is 1.2 on the wet side and 1.3 on the dry side
- the ratio V of the wet side flow volume to the total dry side flow channel volume is 1 .5.
- a wire mesh (thickness: 3 mm, wire diameter: 1.5 mm, aperture ratio: 78%) was disposed as a flow path control means in the space on the wet side.
- the ratio R of the distance between the inlet and the outlet to the pleat height H was set to 14.0. This humidifier was evaluated under the same conditions as in Example 1.
- Table 1 shows the performance of the humidifiers of this example and the comparative example.
- Example 1 Example 2
- Example 3 Comparative Example Membrane Area m "1.7 1.4 .2 1.4 Element L 4.2 .2 1.4 .2.7 Ratio R 3.6 .1.55 . 8 1 4. 0
- volumetric flow ratio the greater the water transfer rate, which indicates that the efficiency per volume has improved.
- Example 1 shows that the efficiency per volume is improved by reducing the pleat element volume and increasing the volume flow ratio under a constant flow rate.
- the gas separation device and the method of operating the device according to the present invention can be used for various purposes such as air conditioning equipment and industrial gas production equipment in addition to humidification and dehumidification of gas used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. It can be used because of its excellent cost, volumetric efficiency and physical durability.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a fuel cell system showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 2a and 2b are schematic diagrams showing an example of the pleated article of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an example of a fixed-type flat pleated element such as an adhesive.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an example of a plate-shaped workpiece type flat pleated element.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an example of a sealing material for a flat pleated element.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing an example of a sealing material for a flat pleated element.
- FIG. 7 A is a schematic view showing a flat pleated element, and B and C are schematic views showing a humidifying device of the present invention.
- FIG. 8A is a schematic view showing a flat pleated element, and FIGS.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between an intake port and an exhaust port of a pleated element.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic view for explaining a pressure plate type housing of the present invention, wherein a is a perspective view of the appearance of a humidifier of the present invention, and b is an exploded view of the humidifier.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view in the B direction of FIG. 10a.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a housing of the humidifier.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view in the A direction of FIG. 12.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing one example of a humidifier of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing an example of how gas flows in a pressure buffer.
- Pleated molded body that is also a gas separation membrane substrate
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2005800157647A CN1953799B (zh) | 2004-05-18 | 2005-05-16 | 气体分离器和气体分离器的操作方法 |
| US11/579,822 US7985279B2 (en) | 2004-05-18 | 2005-05-16 | Gas separator and operating method for the same |
| JP2006513587A JP5414148B2 (ja) | 2004-05-18 | 2005-05-16 | 燃料電池の加湿装置用の平面型プリーツエレメント、及びそれを用いた燃料電池の加湿装置 |
| DE112005001084T DE112005001084B4 (de) | 2004-05-18 | 2005-05-16 | Gasseparator und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004147213 | 2004-05-18 | ||
| JP2004-147213 | 2004-05-18 | ||
| JP2005-004028 | 2005-01-11 | ||
| JP2005004027 | 2005-01-11 | ||
| JP2005004028 | 2005-01-11 | ||
| JP2005-004027 | 2005-01-11 |
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| WO2005110581A1 true WO2005110581A1 (ja) | 2005-11-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/JP2005/008892 Ceased WO2005110581A1 (ja) | 2004-05-18 | 2005-05-16 | 気体分離装置、及びその装置の運転方法 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7985279B2 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP5414148B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1953799B (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE112005001084B4 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005110581A1 (ja) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| DE102012222020B4 (de) * | 2012-11-30 | 2022-03-31 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | System zum Versorgen eines Flugzeugs mit Inertgas, Verfahren zum Versorgen eines Flugzeugs mit Inertgas, Verwendung einer Membran und Flugzeug |
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| JP2006179273A (ja) * | 2004-12-22 | 2006-07-06 | Asahi Kasei Corp | 複合水蒸気透過膜 |
| JP2006198611A (ja) * | 2004-12-24 | 2006-08-03 | Toray Ind Inc | 分離膜の製造方法およびその分離膜を用いた分離膜モジュールの製造方法 |
| JP2007075699A (ja) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-29 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | 気体分離モジュール |
| JP2007196130A (ja) * | 2006-01-26 | 2007-08-09 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | ボックスプリーツエレメントおよびその製造方法 |
| JP2008030697A (ja) * | 2006-07-31 | 2008-02-14 | Denso Corp | 車両用空調システム |
| JP2009238449A (ja) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-10-15 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 湿熱交換器 |
| JP2010106766A (ja) * | 2008-10-30 | 2010-05-13 | Aisan Ind Co Ltd | 蒸発燃料処理装置 |
| US8388743B2 (en) | 2008-10-30 | 2013-03-05 | Aisan Kogyo Kabyshiki Kaisha | Separation membrane module and fuel vapor processing apparatus incorporating the same |
| US9101873B2 (en) | 2009-09-28 | 2015-08-11 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation | Membrane element, gas separation device and internal combustion engine |
| WO2011037255A1 (ja) | 2009-09-28 | 2011-03-31 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | 膜エレメント、気体分離装置及び内燃機関 |
| JP5619755B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-28 | 2014-11-05 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | 膜エレメント、気体分離装置及び内燃機関 |
| JP2011222315A (ja) * | 2010-04-09 | 2011-11-04 | Eneos Celltech Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム及び膜加湿器 |
| JP2021034371A (ja) * | 2019-08-14 | 2021-03-01 | コーロン インダストリーズ インク | 燃料電池用加湿器 |
| JP7016388B2 (ja) | 2019-08-14 | 2022-02-04 | コーロン インダストリーズ インク | 燃料電池用加湿器 |
| JP2022050674A (ja) * | 2019-08-14 | 2022-03-30 | コーロン インダストリーズ インク | 燃料電池用加湿器 |
| US11646431B2 (en) | 2019-08-14 | 2023-05-09 | Hyundai Motor Company | Humidifier for fuel cell |
| JP7617863B2 (ja) | 2019-08-14 | 2025-01-20 | コーロン インダストリーズ インク | 燃料電池用加湿器 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5563646B2 (ja) | 2014-07-30 |
| JP2013056343A (ja) | 2013-03-28 |
| JPWO2005110581A1 (ja) | 2008-03-21 |
| JP5414148B2 (ja) | 2014-02-12 |
| US20070287036A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
| DE112005001084T5 (de) | 2007-05-03 |
| CN1953799B (zh) | 2011-02-02 |
| US7985279B2 (en) | 2011-07-26 |
| DE112005001084B4 (de) | 2008-07-10 |
| CN1953799A (zh) | 2007-04-25 |
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