WO2005108900A1 - Semiautomatic portable firearm comprising an accelerated breechblock support - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a semiautomatic portable firearm having a barrel (13) that is stationary with respect to the grip (1) during reload, a cushioned breechblock support (35) that is mobile in a straight line in the direction of fire with respect to the grip (1), and a breech head (39) that accelerates the breechblock support (35) in an initial phase after fire by means of an acceleration device (25) while the breech head itself is opened relatively slowly, and is optionally entrained by the breechblock support (35) after the initial phase. The invention is characterized in that the acceleration device is configured as a lever (25) having two lever arms (27, 31) of different lengths and is supported with respect to the grip (1). The breech head (39) acts upon the short lever arm (27) and the long lever arm (27, 31) acts upon the breechblock support (35).

Description

 Self-loading handgun with accelerated breech

The invention relates to a self-loading handgun with a barrel which is immovable during the reloading process with respect to the handle, a breech carrier movable relative to the handle and a breech head which accelerates the breech carrier in an initial phase after the shot by an accelerating device while it opens itself relatively slowly.

In the context of these documents, all positional information relates to the self-loading weapon, which is kept horizontally ready to fire, with the firing direction pointing forward.

The term "self-loading handgun" also includes weapons that either selectively or exclusively fire in line.

Strong cartridges from self-loading pistols and practically all rifle cartridges usually require a lock in recoil loaders, in which the breech and the barrel cover an initial distance together after the shot, the barrel comes to a standstill and finally the breech alone carries out its loading movement.

However, since it is complex and imprecise to store the barrel movably, efforts have been made to immobilize the barrel, even if it fires a relatively strong cartridge.

For this purpose, heavy earth closures and / or long return paths of the earth closures and / or very strong closing springs used, which was not very successful, at least with pistols, since there the length of the return and the weight of the mass lock are limited, so that only the force of the closing spring can be increased in order to obtain a self-loading pistol that is functional in the long term works perfectly, but it can hardly be loaded by an inexperienced shooter who is not in an optimal body position.

Other efforts, for example by the applicant, consist in branching off part of the firing gases shortly after the cartridge chamber and in using them to lock the breech. Although this gas brake is well suited for constantly cleaned, rarely fired pistols, for example police weapons, it is less useful for heavily fired, rarely cleaned weapons, such as target weapons, because of the contamination that then occurs. In addition, "stray" gas flows irritate the shooter, who can be felt by him.

In the end, only delayed closures have proven themselves, that is closures which consist of a closure carrier and a closure head, in which the closure head slides open the closure carrier faster than it opens itself.

Here the applicant has already successfully built a rifle (G3) and a pistol (HK P9 S), of which the rifle was even introduced as a military rifle in Germany for decades. In principle, two weapons are provided on both sides of the barrel between the breech head and weapon housing, which press on a wedge arranged on the breech carrier. When the breech head moves backwards after the shot, these rollers are pressed towards one another and in the process press the wedge and thus the breech carrier backwards with a defined acceleration. The bullet has until the mass lock is accelerated and thus allows the cartridge chamber to be opened completely leave the barrel and the gas pressure in the barrel has dropped to a level that does not inflate the empty cartridge case.

This known system worked to complete satisfaction, but had the disadvantage of being very expensive. Especially the round, tough and hard rolls were expensive and difficult to manufacture, and the corresponding pick-up curves in the housing (G3) or in the slide (HK P9 S) had to be milled, hardened and reground with extreme accuracy. The pistol also had these parts that were quite small and therefore very expensive.

Another acceleration device is shown in US-2 270 683, FR-2 568 994 and generic WO 98/27 396: in this acceleration device a lever is provided which moves back with the breech head, in the firing position in the housing and engages in the breech carrier and thus ensures in the initial phase of the shot that the breech carrier is accelerated much faster than the breech head. The point of engagement in the housing, however, requires its at least partial hardening and thus either an insert or an entire housing made of a material that is designed for this hardness.

A second problem arises with the just emerging, very small-caliber and fast rifle and pistol cartridges: although with these maybe the comparatively low recoil could still enable a mass lock, the pressures in the barrel are so high that the cartridge case could be damaged when the weapon is opened , especially if the run is relatively long. At this point it should be noted that a 10 cm barrel, which is not yet 10 caliber long in .45 caliber, extends over a length of approx. 22 caliber with a caliber of 4.5 mm. Therefore, the hit results of such comparatively small weapons are unusually good. Therefore, the invention has for its object to develop a weapon of the type mentioned in such a way that the acceleration device is simplified.

This object is achieved in that in a generic handgun the lever is pivotally mounted on the handle at one end on a pivot axis.

The length of the lever arm is determined perpendicular to the axis of the soul. The length ratio of the lever arms corresponds to the ratio of the accelerations of the closure head and the closure carrier. If one assumes a certain mass of the closure carrier and the closure head, the closure head opens at a speed which is lower the greater the length ratio of the lever arms. If this aspect ratio is 1: 2, for example, then opening the closure corresponds roughly to opening a mass closure that has twice the mass of the closure carrier. The actual opening of the closure, which depends solely on the acceleration of the closure head, thus takes place in rough approximation with only half the acceleration of the opening of a mass closure, which would have the weight of the closure carrier. The mass ratio between the closure carrier and the closure head is assumed to be large, as would also be the case in the actual embodiment.

If you take the 9 mm Parabellum or 9 mm Bergmann cartridge, for example, which was used for the well-known Astra 400 and 600 mass-locking pistol, then, in the roughest approximation, you would only have to overcome half the closing spring force for loading if this pistol was also used would be equipped with such an acceleration device. This weapon would thus be quite usable for normal military use, and the force that would have to be used to load it would become more and more locked within the scope of the usual Recoil loaders. Only the closure would be in

Split the breech head and breech carrier, and an additional simple lever would be required.

In the case of a modern mass-closing pistol, however, the breech is often already divided into a sled part and a push-bottom part in order to make it easier to mill the sled. The bottom part, which is firmly attached to the slide part with a dowel pin, would then only have to be attached with play, which would in principle not require any additional parts. This leaves the additional effort for a lever (in the case of a pistol) mounted on the handle, which can form a simple and relatively large part that is easy and inexpensive to produce. For this, the entire locking with movably guided barrel is saved, and in addition shot precision is gained, so that the play of the barrel in its guidance with the locked weapon is completely eliminated. This structure, even with pistols, is easy to manufacture without unduly enlarging the weapon. Modern ordonnance pistol cartridges can advantageously be used with a weapon with a mass lock. It is also advantageous to use novel, extremely small cartridges, especially those with a bottle sleeve, which would otherwise require a locked closure to avoid damage to the sleeve when ejected.

The lever could be designed as a two-leg lever, which is supported between the two legs with respect to the handle; Such a design is particularly advantageous in the case of rifles, because there is simpler space available, it is possible to attach a tube magazine under the barrel, etc.

In particular, in the case of self-loading pistols, on the other hand, it is preferred that the long and the short lever arm are each formed by a section of the lever, both of which, measured perpendicular to the core axis, are at different distances from the pivot axis (claim 2). Here, the swivel lever can be easily be attached to the housing or handle by means of a pin or bolt while the closure head acts on the pivoting lever and the pivoting lever in turn acts on the closure carrier or slide with its free end.

The pivot lever is preferably not straight, but angled (claim 3), so that it can be adapted to the circumstances of a self-loading pistol and can be used, for example, in front of the magazine shaft and above the trigger. In this context, it is pointed out that the lever section lengths are the vertical distances between the pivot point and the point of application of the closure head (short lever section) and the mentioned pivot point and the point of application on the slide or closure. “Vertical distance” is understood to mean the horizontal projection of the sections mentioned onto a vertical.

The swivel lever can have a variety of individual designs. Particularly preferred is a form in which the pivot lever has a first section adjacent to the pivot axis, which at the end is angled in the form of a step perpendicular to the axis of the soul when the weapon is ready to fire and forms the short lever arm, and in which the angled part is on both sides is extended by a lateral approach, which bears with the opposite side against the closure carrier (claim 4). The first gate may have the width of the breech head and is also in this width on the pivot pin about which the pivot lever pivots. On the step (before the shot) facing forward of this first section, the breech head is seated with two engagement edges facing backward. The second section encompasses the closure head on both sides and is supported laterally against the closure carrier. Since the lever path of the second section is considerably longer than that of the first section, the acceleration of the closure carrier is significantly higher than that of the breech head, on which the recoil acts when the shot is fired. Thus the effect of the mass of the

Closure carrier considerably higher than it would correspond to its mass per se.

The lever arms could be positively guided or even coupled to one another with respect to the closure head and the closure carrier in both directions of movement of the closure. However, it is preferred that the short lever arm relative to the closure head and / or the long lever arm relative to the closure carrier are freely displaceable along corresponding stop surfaces (claim 5).

According to the laws of the inclined plane, the stop surfaces between the short lever arm and the closure head and / or the long lever arm and the closure carrier could be aligned with respect to the direction of the closure movement in such a way that certain kinematics of the closure head and the closure carrier are taken into account. In order to make the design of the lever as small as possible, however, they are preferably oriented such that the lever action of the lever is essentially maximized for a given lever ratio of short to long lever arm over the entire contact path of the respective contact surfaces (claim 6).

In principle, it would be possible to maintain the leverage effect between the closure head and the closure carrier during the entire reloading process. In order not to unnecessarily extend the return path of the breech carrier, the lever arms and the associated stops on the breech carrier and breech head are designed such that the force connection from the breech head via the lever to the breech carrier is interrupted after the initial phase of a shot (claim 7).

It would be possible for the swivel lever to be in its ineffective position

(after interruption of the power connection), if he the

Closure has accelerated, for example by setting a rest. However, it is preferred that the closure carrier and / or the

Locking head at least one projecting to the inside of the weapon

Has longitudinal edge, when the weapon opens over the

End of the pivot lever runs away and holds it down, and that the breech carrier has at least one vertical edge which, when the weapon closes, grasps the end of the pivot lever and returns it to its starting position

8th) . Since the closure can be made very filigree, it needs reinforcing ribs anyway, which can serve as edges.

In principle, it would be possible to cushion the closure and the closure head separately and to have them work separately. However, it is preferred to provide a catch means for taking the breech head through the breech carrier after the initial phase of a shot (claim 9), ie to couple these breech parts after the initial phase. This advantageously ensures that the achieved speed of the closure head is always sufficient for it to open. In addition, the closure head brakes the closure carrier, since it must be accelerated by the closure carrier due to this entrainment coupling. In principle, such a driving means can be of any design, in particular also cushioning the driving. The driver means is preferably formed by stops in order to limit the distance of the relative movement of the closure carrier and the closure head (claim 10).

In the broadest sense, stops can be used as stops which ensure that one part is carried along by the other. A particularly simple design is given in that the stops are formed by at least one elongated hole in the closure carrier in which a bolt of the closure head is guided (claim 11). Here, the closure head is slidably guided in the closure, for example in longitudinal grooves, and the elongated hole preferably sits in the middle on the top of the closure, insofar as it is accessible there. In the simplest case, the bolt is through formed a screw that is secured so that it cannot loosen by itself. The screw can also be permanently attached by soldering or gluing, so that it can only be loosened when the closure is heated to a certain extent.

Basically, the handgun of the invention can be designed as a light rifle; but it is particularly preferred that the handgun is a handgun (claim 12), because the light weight of the accelerator and its small dimensions make it possible to arrange it especially in a handgun.

Even with a handgun, it may make sense that the breech is attached within a housing. However, it is particularly preferred that the closure carrier is designed as a slide, within which the closure head is displaceably guided (claim 13). The handgun is similar to most conventional handguns with a locked breech, but the barrel is stationary and not movable. All the problems associated with the movement of the barrel, which may be considerable (e.g. the function of the weapon when a silencer is attached) are eliminated.

It is particularly preferred that an elongated hole is formed in the upper side of the carriage to form the entraining means, in which a vertical bolt or screw bolt is guided, which is screwed into the closure head (claim 14). The advantages of such an embodiment have already been explained in part beforehand. A special, additional advantage is that the bolt is always in the field of vision of the shooter, so that he immediately notices when the screw should loosen. Overall, a light, strong and reliable arises

Self-loading pistol for powerful cartridges, which is simple, easy to manufacture and easy to assemble. The swivel lever can sit in front of the magazine under the barrel (above the trigger) so that it does not make the gun assembly bulky in any way. The only difference in the construction, in addition to the swivel lever, is that the barrel is not screwed into a holder with the cartridge chamber, but is held further forward.

The invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying schematic drawing. In this shows

Fig. 1 shows the main parts of the gun according to the invention in an exploded view and in the oblique view, and

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of part of the handle, the locking head and the pivot or angle lever in longitudinal section.

The main parts of the pistol are a handle group 1 and a breech group 3.

The handle piece group comprises a handle 5, which surrounds a magazine shaft 7, and a trigger device, from which the tap 9 and the trigger 11 can be seen.

A block 15 is integrally formed on the handle 5, into which a barrel 13 is inserted, which is held in position by a fixing pin 55. Furthermore, the grip piece has a closing spring shaft 19 coaxial with the axis of the core for receiving a closing spring (not shown) and a dismantling lever 57.

The barrel has a cartridge chamber 17 which lies in front of and above the magazine shaft 7, so that cartridges (not shown) can be replenished from a magazine (not shown). Behind the block 15, a transverse bore 21 is provided below the barrel 13.

An angle lever 25 has a central leg 27, in the free end of which there is a transverse bore 29 which, when the angle lever 25 is inserted, is aligned with the transverse bore 21 in the handle 5. Both holes 21, 29 are penetrated by a pin 23 which pivotally supports the angle lever 25 on the handle 5.

The angle lever 25 also has two cam legs 31, which are attached approximately at right angles to the end of the middle leg 27, at the end that does not carry the bore 29. The front of the curve legs 31 each has a curve 33, the exact shape of which can be determined experimentally. Both cam levers 31 run exactly parallel and run on both sides of the barrel 13 when the angle lever 25 is installed.

The rear end of the middle leg 27 is continued upward and forms a step 65 with a front surface which is vertical immediately before the shot.

The handle 5 also has grooves 71 on its upper side which are intended for guiding the closure 3.

This closure 3 consists of a closure housing 35 and a closure head 39. The closure housing 35 can partially consist of heavy metal in order to increase the closure weight.

The breech housing 35 has an ejection opening 37, as well as a recessed elongated hole 47 behind it, or the like by a screw. is penetrated, which is screwed into a threaded bore 45 of the closure head 39 and connects the closure head 39 and the closure housing 35 to one another in such a way that they are limited relative are mutually displaceable. Front 51 and rear noses

53 on the locking head 39 engage in a longitudinal groove (not shown) in the locking housing 35.

The upper outer surface of the closure housing 35 can carry a visor (not shown).

The breech head 39 in turn has an ejection opening 49 which is aligned with the ejection opening 37 when the breech 3 is open, an extractor claw 43, a firing pin 41 and on both sides the two lugs 51, 53 already mentioned, which are in each case one behind the other and into a groove in the breech housing 35 engage to guide the closure head 39 with respect to the closure housing 35.

The breech housing 35 has on both sides approximately at the level of the ejection opening 37 a front, vertical projection 59 and a rear vertical projection 61, between which the cam legs 31 lie when the weapon is assembled and ready to fire. The rear projection 61 extends to the underside of the closure housing 35, while the front, shorter projection 59 ends at a strip 63 running to the front.

In addition, the closure head 39 has a vertical engaging edge 67 on both sides at the front on its underside.

When the weapon is closed and ready to fire, the step 65 of the angle lever 25 lies against the engaging edges 67, while the rear sides of the cam legs 31 bear against the rear projections 61 of the breech housing 35. The front projections 59 are sufficiently far away from the rear 61 so as not to obstruct the angle lever 25, but close enough so that when the closure 3 is opened, the front edges 33 of the cam legs 31 of the angle lever 25 then folded over get under the bar 63 and are held down by this until the returning (closing) Lock housing 35 with the rear projections 61 die

Curve leg 31 presses up again, so that the stage 65 then engages under the engaging edges 67 and presses the closure head 39 fully into the closed position again. This activity is supported by the closing spring (not shown), which acts on the closure carrier 35, which then in turn acts on the closure head 39 via the angle lever 25.

The slot 47 in the breech housing 35 and the position of the nut thread 45 in the breech head 39 are dimensioned and positioned such that the screw screwed into the nut thread 45 after the initial phase of a shot (i.e. after the projectile has essentially left barrel 13) to the rear End of the elongated hole 47 strikes. This position corresponds to a position of the lever 25, in which the engaging edges 67 of the locking head 39 no longer on the step 65 of the lever 25, that is the short lever arm 27, and / or the long lever arms 31 of the lever 25 no longer on the vertical rear projection 61 act in the closure carrier 35, that is to say, release them and the lever action between the closure head 39 and the closure carrier 35 is interrupted. The stop surface of step 65 is substantially perpendicular to the core axis over its entire length, over which the engaging edges 67 act on the stop surface until they are released, in order to bring about a maximum pivoting of the lever 25. The same applies to the corresponding abutment surface of the engaging edges 67 and to the corresponding abutment surfaces of the long lever arm 31 and the rear projection 61. Overall, these measures maximize the lever effect of the lever 25 for a given size of the lever 25.

When a shot is fired, the full recoil acts on the breech head 39. But this is first held at its engaging edges 67 by the step 65 of the angle lever 25, which in turn with the back of the cam legs 31 on the rear projections 61 Breech housing 35 acts. Since immediately after the shot the projection of the distance between the axis of the

Pin 23 and level 65 on a vertical plane transverse to

Core axis for projecting the distance between the axis of the pin 23 and the support points on the rear projection

61 on a parallel plane, for example, behaves approximately like 1: 2, the closure housing 35 must be double

Acceleration obtained from that of the shutter head 39 before the shutter 3 noticeably opens. That means that the

Closure 3 behaves as if the mass of the

Breech housing 35 significantly larger than in

Is reality. The acceleration device, that is to say the angle lever 25, thus ensures interaction with the divided one

Closure 3, for its effective braking.

The distance by which the lock housing 35 moves further back compared to a pure ground lock can be quite small. It only has to be ensured that the projectile has left barrel 13 and the pressure has dropped accordingly before the breech 3 opens so far that damage to the cartridge case could otherwise be expected. A slight opening does not damage the cartridge case.

Correspondingly, the time in which the breech housing 35 accelerates more than the breech head 39 is also very short and decreases the faster (with constant recoil) the projectile leaves the barrel 13. This acceleration device can thus be more advantageous in the case of a short barrel than in the case of a long bullet, and more advantageous in the case of a fast, light (small-caliber) projectile than, for example, an extremely large-caliber pistol cartridge.

As can be seen from Fig. 2, the handle 1 in front of the trigger 11 has an upwardly open recess 69 into which the angle lever 25 pivots when it has released the closure 3 and from the strips 63 of the closure housing 35 is held down. The recess 69 is so flat, however, that the angle lever 25 is reliably grasped by the rear projection when the weapon is closing and is folded up again.

Claims

claims Self-loading handgun with a barrel (13) which is immobile during the reloading process with respect to the handle (1), a breech carrier (35) which is movable with respect to the handle (1) and a breech head (39) which carries the breech carrier (35) in an initial phase after the shot accelerated by an acceleration device (25) while it opens itself relatively slowly, the acceleration device being designed as a lever (25) supported with respect to the handle (1) with two lever arms (27, 31) of different lengths, the locking head (39 ) acts on the short lever arm (27) and the long lever arm (27, 31) in turn acts on the closure carrier (35), characterized in that the lever (25) is pivotable at one end on a pivot axis (23) on the handle ( 1) is stored. Handgun according to Claim 1, characterized in that the long and short lever arms are each formed by a section (27, 31) of the lever (25), both of which, measured perpendicular to the axis of the soul, are each at different distances from the pivot axis (23) are. Handgun according to claim 2, characterized in that the pivot lever (25) is angled. Handgun according to Claim 3, characterized in that the pivot lever (25) has a first section (27) which is adjacent to the pivot axis (23) and which is angled at the end in the form of a step (65) perpendicular to the axis of the soul when the weapon is ready to fire and forms the short lever arm, and that the angled part is extended on both sides by a respective side extension (31) which bears with the opposite side against the closure carrier (35). 5. Handgun according to one of the preceding claims, in which the short lever arm (27) relative to the breech head (39) and / or the long lever arm (31) relative to the breech carrier (35) is freely displaceable along corresponding stop surfaces. 6. Handgun according to claim 5, wherein the stop surfaces between the short lever arm (27) and breech head (39) and / or long lever arm (31) and breech carrier (35) are aligned so that the lever action of the lever (25) for a given lever ratio from short (27) to long lever arm (31) over the entire contact path of the respective contact surfaces to one another is essentially maximized. 7. Handgun according to one of the preceding claims, in which the lever arms (27, 31) and the associated stops on the breech carrier (35) and breech head (39) are designed such that the frictional connection from the breech head (39) via the lever (25) on the breech carrier (35) is interrupted after the initial phase of a shot. 8. Handgun according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the breech carrier (35) and / or the breech head (39) has at least one longitudinal edge (63) projecting towards the inside of the weapon, which over the end of the pivot lever (when the weapon opens) 25) runs away and holds it down, and that the breech carrier (35) has at least one substantially vertical edge (61) which, when the weapon closes, grasps the end of the pivot lever (25) and returns it to its starting position. 9. Handgun according to one of the preceding claims, with a driver means (45, 47) for taking the Breech head (39) through the breech carrier (35) after the initial phase of a shot. 10. Handgun according to claim 9, characterized in that the driver means is formed by stops (45, 47) which limit the distance of the relative movement of the breech carrier (35) and breech head (39) to one another. 11. Handgun according to claim 10, characterized in that the stops are formed by at least one elongated hole (47) in the breech carrier (35) in which a bolt (45) of the breech head (39) is guided. 12. Handgun according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a hand gun. 13. Handgun according to claim 12, characterized in that the breech carrier is designed as a slide (35), within which the breech head (39) is displaceably guided. 14. Handgun according to claim 13, characterized in that an elongated hole (47) is formed in the top of the carriage (35) to form the entrainment means, in which a vertical bolt or screw bolt (45) is guided, which in the breech head (39 ) is screwed in.