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WO2005106200A1 - Appareil de mine équipé d'analyseur de cendre et système de controle - Google Patents

Appareil de mine équipé d'analyseur de cendre et système de controle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005106200A1
WO2005106200A1 PCT/US2004/010148 US2004010148W WO2005106200A1 WO 2005106200 A1 WO2005106200 A1 WO 2005106200A1 US 2004010148 W US2004010148 W US 2004010148W WO 2005106200 A1 WO2005106200 A1 WO 2005106200A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ash content
aggregate material
miner
conveyor
mining
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2004/010148
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ian T. Carr
John A. Baird, Jr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ICG Addcar Systems LLC
Original Assignee
ICG Addcar Systems LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ICG Addcar Systems LLC filed Critical ICG Addcar Systems LLC
Priority to PCT/US2004/010148 priority Critical patent/WO2005106200A1/fr
Publication of WO2005106200A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005106200A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
    • E21F13/08—Shifting conveyors or other transport devices from one location at the working face to another
    • E21F13/083—Conveyor belts removing methods or devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C39/00—Devices for testing in situ the hardness or other properties of minerals, e.g. for giving information as to the selection of suitable mining tools

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the art of mining and, more particularly to a mining control system, a mining apparatus and a method wherein the ash content of the aggregate material being won is detected and that information is utilized to control the mining of the mineral seam.
  • Coal formed from decomposed and compressed vegetable matter, is typically found in substantially horizontal seams extending between sedimentary rock strata such as limestone, sandstone or shale.
  • Surface and underground mining are the primary techniques used to recover this coal.
  • Surface or strip mining involves the removal of material, known as overburden, overlying a coal seam so as to expose the coal for recovery.
  • overburden material, known as overburden
  • surface mining has gained prominence over underground mining in the United States. This is due to many factors including: (a) the increased material moving capacity of surface or strip mining equipment; (b) lower costs for surface mining than underground mining; (c) the better safety record of surface mining versus underground mining; and (d) the higher coal recovery percentage for extraction of many coal reserves by surface mining.
  • auger mining has often been used to recover coal following a strip mining operation where the overburden becomes too costly to remove.
  • a large auger is used to bore into the face of the seam and recover the coal from beneath the overburden.
  • auger mining is very efficient providing more tons per man per day than any other form of state of the art mining techniques.
  • Auger mining may also be initiated quickly and requires a relatively low capital expenditure when compared to surface and underground mining.
  • Auger mining has also been found to date to be the best method to use in relatively thin seams.
  • auger mining is safer than both surface and underground mining.
  • auger mining may be used to effectively supplement a strip mining operation and recover small coal deposits that would otherwise be left behind.
  • Auger mining is, however, also not without its disadvantages.
  • Auger mining provides a relatively low total coal recovery.
  • Coal recovery for the resource area being augured is usually less than about 35%.
  • Some of the lost recovery is due to the pillars of coal that are left standing to support the overburden between adjacent auger holes.
  • the majority of the recovery shortfall, however, is due to the limited penetration depths achievable with even state of the art auger mining equipment. More particularly, as penetration depths increase, a greater number of auger flights are required to convey the coal from the cutting head to the seam face for recovery. Each flight adds to the frictional resistance to the turning of the auger through contact with the walls of the bore hole. Additionally, the longer the string of auger flights, the greater the weight of coal being moved by the flights at any one time.
  • the mining system includes a continuous miner for cutting coal from a coal seam.
  • the cut coal is fed by the miner to a conveyor train comprised of a series of modular conveyor units serially connected end-to-end.
  • This system allows mining to depths far exceeding the 150 to 200 feet possible with conventional auger mining equipment. In fact, depths of up to approximately 2000 feet have been reached.
  • Each conveyor unit is supported on ground engaging wheels so as to be adapted to follow the miner as the miner advances into the coal seam.
  • a launch vehicle is also incorporated into this new system.
  • the launch vehicle includes a conveyor mechanism for receiving and conveying aggregate coal discharged by the conveyor train.
  • the launch vehicle also includes a guide track for supporting the end unit of the conveyor train and a conveyor unit to be added to the train.
  • individual drive assemblies are provided for (1) advancing/withdrawing the conveyor train with the miner and for (2) pushing the new conveyor unit into engagement with the conveyor train.
  • the system allows the aggregate coal to be cut and conveyed without interruption even when a conveyor unit is being added to the train.
  • the system not only provides significantly improved recovery from the resource area but also operates more efficiently than augering equipment and provides improved productivity.
  • the present invention relates to a mining apparatus equipped with an ash analyzer and a control system. These function to control the operation of the miner so that coal having a desired ash content is mined or won from the mineral seam.
  • the mining apparatus includes a miner, a launch vehicle and a conveyor train.
  • the conveyor train is made up of a series of individual conveyor units. The first of the conveyor units is connected to the miner. The last of the conveyor units is positioned adjacent to or carried on the launch vehicle.
  • the mining apparatus is characterized by an ash analyzer.
  • the ash analyzer may be carried on the miner, the launch vehicle or one of the individual conveyor units that make up the conveyor train.
  • the launch vehicle includes a drive assembly that aids the miner in advancing or withdrawing the conveyor train.
  • the launch vehicle includes a belly conveyor that receives aggregate material from the last conveyor unit of the conveyor train and a discharge conveyor that receives the aggregate material from the belly conveyor.
  • the ash analyzer is mounted to the launch vehicle adjacent to the discharge conveyor.
  • the ash analyzer is connected to a controller responsive to the ash analyzer and a mineral seam detector that locates the top and bottom of the seam being mined.
  • the miner includes a boom and a rotating cutter drum carried by the boom. Actuator means are provided on the miner for raising and lowering the boom.
  • the controller is operatively connected to the actuator means and the boom is raised and lowered in response to the ash content detected by the ash analyzer in the aggregate material being won by the miner.
  • a method of mining includes the steps of winning aggregate material from a mineral seam with a miner, detecting an ash content of the aggregate material being won and controlling operation of the miner in response to the ash content detected in the aggregate material. That method may also be described as including: (a) winning of aggregate material from a mineral seam with a miner; (b) detecting an ash content of the aggregate material being won; (c) comparing the detected ash content to a predetermined acceptable ash content value; and (d) controlling operation of the miner in response to the ash content detected in the aggregate material. Still further, the method also includes the step of determining an ash content gradient for the mineral seam being mined.
  • the method includes the detecting of a top and a bottom of the mineral seam being mined.
  • the ash content of the aggregate material being won may be ⁇ raised by cutting more mineral from areas of the mineral seam having a relatively high ash content.
  • the ash content of the aggregate material may be lowered by cutting more mineral from areas of the mineral seam having a relatively low ash content.
  • the method also includes the step of altering an operating arc of a cutter drum on the miner in order to win aggregate material only from selected areas of the mineral seam. In this way it is possible to win aggregate material having a desired ash content.
  • a mining control system includes an ash analyzer, a mineral seam detector and a controller.
  • the ash analyzer of the system is positioned relative to the miner to determine the actual ash content of aggregate material won from the mineral seam being mined.
  • the mineral seam detector is positioned relative to the miner to locate the top and bottom of the seam.
  • the controller is responsive to both the ash analyzer and the mineral seam detector.
  • the controller is operatively connected to the miner.
  • the controller operates the miner so that aggregate material of a desired ash content is won from the seam based upon the data provided by the ash analyzer, the mineral seam detector and the ash content gradient of the seam.
  • Figure 1 is a schematical view showing the mining apparatus of the present invention including a miner, a launch vehicle and multiple, modular conveyor units that form a conveyor train behind the miner;
  • Figure 2 is a partially sectional schematic view showing a modular conveyor unit resting on the frame of the launch vehicle;
  • Figures 3 a and 3b are schematical side elevational views illustrating the advancing of the conveyor train by the shuttling action of the pair of cooperating tandem drive cylinder sets as well as the addition of a modular conveyor unit to the train;
  • Figure 4 is a fragmentary, side elevational view of the discharge conveyor of the launch vehicle;
  • Figure 5 is a schematical block diagram of the system that controls the operation of the boom on the miner in response to the ash content detected in the aggregate material being won from the mineral seam.
  • the mining apparatus 10 includes a launch vehicle L adapted for utilization with a continuous mining system including a continuous mining machine M of a type known in the art.
  • the mining machine M includes a rotating cutter head drum D supporting a series of cutting bits on helical flights (not shown).
  • the cutter head drum D is rotatably mounted on a vertically moveable boom X that is pivotally mounted on the main frame member of the mining machine M.
  • the mining machine M is supported for movement along the floor of the mine by a pair of crawler assemblies N. In operation, the mining machine M is preferably advanced into the seam face S with the boom X raised and the cutter head drum D rotating.
  • the mining machine M is advanced further forward and the boom is gradually lowered.
  • coal C is cut from the seam face S.
  • the aggregate coal C is then collected by means of a conventional gathering head that serves to deliver the aggregate coal to a flight conveyor F.
  • the flight conveyor F delivers the aggregate coal C to the first or lead conveyor unit U of a conveyor train generally designated by reference letter T.
  • the conveyor train T also includes a series of modular conveyor units U identical to one another that are releasably coupled together in series behind the lead conveyor unit.
  • each of the conveyor units U includes a main structural frame supported for movement on the ground by a series of wheels W.
  • Each conveyor unit U also includes a centrally disposed, longitudinally extending inclined conveyor.
  • the conveyor which is preferably of the belt type, operates to convey aggregate coal C received at the low end to the high end where it is discharged from one conveyor unit U to the next conveyor unit in the series forming the train T.
  • Each conveyor unit U also includes its own motor for driving the belt conveyor held therein.
  • the units U of the conveyor train T are also interconnected by means of control lines that are first routed from a power source such as a generator (not shown) on the bench to the mining machine M and back through the individual conveyor units U. Accordingly, the motors of the conveyor units U are connected in series for simultaneous operation at a substantially consistent speed.
  • Each of the conveyor units U also includes a coupling mechanism G specifically adapted to allow the units to be coupled together in a rigid manner so that the units of the train T remain in completely straight alignment behind the mining machine M.
  • a coupling mechanism may, for example, include cooperating clevises on each conveyor unit that are received together in an interdigitating manner and connected by means of a pin.
  • the launch vehicle L includes a main structural framework 12 that supports an aggregate material conveyor 14, preferably of the belt type. This conveyor 14 receives the aggregate coal C from the last conveyor unit U of the train T. The coal C is then delivered by the aggregate material conveyor 14 up an incline 16, beneath the operator control cab 18, to a discharge or stacking conveyor 20.
  • the discharge conveyor 20 is also inclined and may, for example, be utilized to convey the aggregate coal C to a delivery location such as the bed of a truck which is used to haul the coal away for stockpiling or further processing.
  • the launch vehicle L includes a safety canopy 22.
  • the safety canopy 22 is connected to the main structural framework 12 by a series of spaced support posts 24 and braces 26.
  • Two series of jacks 28 are provided spaced along the length of the launch vehicle L.
  • the jacks 28 are supported on skids 30 and may be actuated to lift the main framework 12 of the launch vehicle L from the bench B so as to allow movement of the launch vehicle by heavy equipment or by auger skids to a mining location.
  • the launch vehicle L includes a pair of spaced guide tracks 31 in the form of spaced floor grate sections that are adapted to support the ground engaging wheels W of the modular conveyor units U. Additionally, a pair of guide rails 32 are provided adjacent and outside the sides of the aggregate conveyor 14. These guide rails 32 extend upwardly above the floor grate sections 31 and outwardly from the aggregate material conveyor 14 toward the inner surfaces of the ground engaging wheels W of the conveyor units U. In the event a conveyor unit U is positioned on the launch vehicle L slightly out of alignment with the aggregate material conveyor 14, the inner surfaces of the wheels will engage the rails 32 thereby realigning the modular conveyor unit U with the conveyor train T as necessary to insure proper alignment.
  • the launch vehicle L also includes a drive assembly, generally designated by reference numeral 34.
  • the drive assembly 34 is specifically adapted for selectively aiding in the advancement or withdrawal of the conveyor train T. More specifically, the drive assembly 34 includes a pair of cooperating tandem drive cylinder sets 36, 38. Only one drive cylinder of each set 36, 38 is shown in Figures 3 a and 3b as the tandem cylinders of each set are mounted to the main framework 12 on opposing sides of the launch vehicle conveyor 14 (see also Figure 2a).
  • each tandem cylinder set 36, 38 has a left side and right side cylinder. Both of the tandem cylinders of the forward set 36 operate together. Similarly, both of the tandem cylinders of the rearward set 38 operate together.
  • Each drive cylinder of sets 36, 38 includes an extensible cylinder rod 40.
  • a pusher arm unit is mounted to a distal end of each cylinder rod 40.
  • Each pusher arm unit includes a substantially V-shaped pusher arm 44 pivotally mounted to a base by means of a pivot pin. As described in issued U.S.
  • the pusher arm 44 may be selectively positioned in a first position for engaging a cooperating pin P on a conveyor unit U and advancing the conveyor train T into the coal seam S.
  • the pusher arm 44 may be selectively positioned in a second, opposite position for also engaging a cooperating pin P and withdrawing the conveyor train
  • the drive assembly 34 is sufficiently powerful to aid in advancing (withdrawing) the conveyor train T and mining machine M into (from) the seam face F. This is a particularly important advantage as in many mining areas soft bottom conditions, such as fire clay, exist.
  • the crawler assemblies N on a conventional mining machine M tend to dig ruts in the soft bottom until the main frame of the mining machine "high centers" and comes to rest on the undisturbed bottom material between the ruts. Accordingly, continuous mining machines M have a propensity to become stuck where soft bottom conditions are present. As such, mining of these types of seams was often avoided in the past. In contrast, with the present system, mining of these seams is now possible. Thus, the present apparatus effectively opens new areas for mining thereby increasing recoverable coal reserves.
  • the launch vehicle L of the present invention also includes a mechanism for adding individual modular conveyor units U to the conveyor train T as it is advanced into the coal seam.
  • the mechanism for adding a modular conveyor unit is generally designated by reference numeral 52 and best shown in Figures 3 a and 3b.
  • the conveyor unit adding mechanism 52 includes a power source or drive motor 54 connected via a power output transmission (not shown) to a pair of take-up reels 56.
  • Each take-up reel 56 is rotatably mounted upon a shaft 58 held in a cradle 59 mounted to the overlying canopy 22.
  • One take-up reel 56 is mounted adjacent the operator cab 18.
  • the other take-up reel 56 is mounted forward of the first one approximately the length of a conveyor unit (e.g. 45 feet).
  • a line or heavy duty cable 60 is mounted to each take-up reel 56. More particularly, the proximal end of each line 60 is attached to the associated take-up reel 56 so that rotation of the reel pays out or takes-up the line.
  • each line 60 is attached by means of a yoke 62 to a sling 64 that holds a cross bar 66.
  • a pair of downwardly extending hooks 68 are attached to the cross bar 66 at each end.
  • the hooks 68 are adapted to engage the pins P at the ends of a conveyor unit U to be suspended by the winch lines 60.
  • any other appropriate arrangement could be utilized that is adapted for connecting the winch lines 60 to a conveyor unit U.
  • the ability to add an indefinite number of modular conveyor units U to the conveyor train T functions in conjunction with the crawler assemblies N of the miner M and the drive cylinder sets 36, 38 on the launch vehicle L to provide the necessary requirements to allow mining deep behind the exposed face of the seam.
  • the mining apparatus of the present invention is equipped with a mining control system 100 schematically illustrated in Figure 5.
  • This system 100 includes an ash analyzer 102, a mineral seam detector 104 and a controller 106 responsive to the ash analyzer and mineral seam detector.
  • the controller 106 is connected to the boom actuator 108 of the miner M through the control line 110.
  • the ash analyzer 102 measures ash weight percent of the aggregate material or coal being won from the mineral seam.
  • the measuring portion of the device consists of a source and detector assembly that is mounted across a conveyor belt on the miner M, one of the units U of the conveyor train T or the launch vehicle L.
  • the ash analyzer 102 is mounted on the framework 112 of the discharge conveyor 20 where it overlies the aggregate material won from the mineral seam.
  • An ash analyzer 102 of the type that may be utilized in the present invention is the model DGA-410 Ash Meter manufactured and marketed by Energy Technologies, Inc. of Knoxville, Tennessee.
  • the mineral seam detector 104 is particularly adapted to locate the top and bottom of the mineral seam S being mined.
  • a mineral seam detector 104 particularly useful for the intended purpose is a gamma sensor such as the AME Model 1008 Coal Thickness Sensor manufactured and marketed by American Mining Electronics, Inc.
  • the mining apparatus 10 is advanced into the mineral seam S and the boom X is raised and lowered so that the drum D cuts coal from the mineral seam between the top of the seam and the bottom of the seam as detected by the mineral seam detector 104. That coal is then gathered and conveyed from the miner M across the conveyor train T to the launch vehicle L. There the won aggregate material or coal is conveyed from the aggregate material or belly conveyor 14 to the discharge or stacking conveyor 20. As the coal passes under the ash analyzer 102, the ash analyzer determines the ash content of the won material.
  • a control signal indicative of the ash content is then transmitted along the control line 114 from the ash analyzer 102 to the controller 106.
  • the controller 106 manipulates the data received from the ash analyzer 102 and generates graphical data of average ash content, ash content versus time and real time ash content. This data allows the operator to determine whether the coal being won from the mineral seam needs to be blended, washed, stockpiled or shipped as "clean" run of mine. Further, the controller 106 compares the detected ash content to the known ash content gradient of the coal seam. That ash content gradient is constructed from known data obtained from core drilling samples taken prior to the commencement of mining and from analysis of coal won from previously mined entries.
  • the controller 106 sends control signals along the line 110 to the boom actuator 108 to control the arc of the boom X and thus, the cut of the cutter drum D relative to the coal seam, the top and bottom of which are simultaneously being detected by the mineral seam detector 104 which sends this data along the control line 116 to the controller 106.
  • the arc of the boom X may be reduced so that more relatively low ash content coal through the middle of the coal seam S is recovered and less relatively high ash content coal from the upper and lower margins of the mineral seam are being won.
  • the controller 106 sends control signals along line 116 to the boom actuator 108 to cause the boom X to swing in a larger arc thereby recovering not only coal from the middle of the seams but also the outer margins at the top and bottom of the seam where the ash content of the material is higher.
  • control system 100 functions to recover the largest possible quantity of coal from the coal seam while simultaneously meeting predetermined ash content requirements in the final product traveling up the discharge conveyor 20.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

Un appareil de mine comprend une machine d'abattage (M), un véhicule de lancement(L) et un train d'acheminement (T) constitués d'une série d'unités individuelles d'acheminement(U). La première unité d'acheminement est connectée à la machine d'abattage tandis que la dernière unité est portée sur le véhicule de lancement. L'appareil de mine comprend également un analyseur de cendre (102). Un procédé de mine comprend les étapes d'extraction de matériau d'agrégat á partir d'une ligne minérale avec une machine d'abatage (M), de détection d'une teneur en cendre du matériau d'agrégat obtenu et de commande de l'opération de la machine d'abatage en réponse à la teneur en cendre qui est détectée dans le matériau d'agrégat.
PCT/US2004/010148 2004-04-01 2004-04-01 Appareil de mine équipé d'analyseur de cendre et système de controle Ceased WO2005106200A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2004/010148 WO2005106200A1 (fr) 2004-04-01 2004-04-01 Appareil de mine équipé d'analyseur de cendre et système de controle

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2004/010148 WO2005106200A1 (fr) 2004-04-01 2004-04-01 Appareil de mine équipé d'analyseur de cendre et système de controle

Publications (1)

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WO2005106200A1 true WO2005106200A1 (fr) 2005-11-10

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111829930A (zh) * 2020-08-24 2020-10-27 枣庄矿业(集团)付村煤业有限公司 改进标定自动测灰仪采样方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4118623A (en) * 1977-03-31 1978-10-03 Continental Oil Company Continuous quality control of mined hard and soft coals
US5149175A (en) * 1991-04-15 1992-09-22 Amvest Corporation Thin seam mining and related sorting method
US5364171A (en) * 1990-12-10 1994-11-15 Mining Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for continuous mining
US6435619B1 (en) * 1999-12-23 2002-08-20 Geosteering Mining Services, Llc Method for sensing coal-rock interface
US6666521B1 (en) * 1999-05-11 2003-12-23 American Mining Electronics, Inc. System for controlling cutting horizons for continuous type mining machines

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4118623A (en) * 1977-03-31 1978-10-03 Continental Oil Company Continuous quality control of mined hard and soft coals
US5364171A (en) * 1990-12-10 1994-11-15 Mining Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for continuous mining
US5149175A (en) * 1991-04-15 1992-09-22 Amvest Corporation Thin seam mining and related sorting method
US6666521B1 (en) * 1999-05-11 2003-12-23 American Mining Electronics, Inc. System for controlling cutting horizons for continuous type mining machines
US6435619B1 (en) * 1999-12-23 2002-08-20 Geosteering Mining Services, Llc Method for sensing coal-rock interface

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111829930A (zh) * 2020-08-24 2020-10-27 枣庄矿业(集团)付村煤业有限公司 改进标定自动测灰仪采样方法

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